UNIT 1: NOURISHMENT

1. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

- There are many benefits to eating a healthy diet.

- It’s okay to be unhealthy on a temporary basis but not permanently.

- The effects of the drugs diminish over time.

- Some people try to lengthen their life by maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

- You don’t need to consume lots of water because you can get it from other food and drink.

- One of the key benefits of eating fish is that it contains healthy fats and omega three. These can help your
body and mind.

- The nourishment we gain from our diet enables us to have a healthy life.

- Many people choose a low fat diet but doctors recommend eating healthy fats.

2. Listen and decide if the main ideas below are True or False.

1. Dr. Jackson is going to talk about food myths. F

2. All fats are bad for you. T

3. Everyone needs to drink 2 liters of water per day. T

3. Listen and select the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. Low fat products make people think fat is bad.

2. The body needs fats to take in nutrients.

3. Good fats can be found in olives.

4. The recommendations for water are based on no research.

5. The amount of water we should drink each day depends on diet.

4. Place the phrases in the correct column.

- Important information: It is important to note, We are going to discuss

- Paraphrase: In other words, Basically
- General information: In general, Overall, On the whole
5. Complete each sentence with the correct phrasal verb in the box.
- Just to add to what Ahmed said earlier.
- I think we’ve gone off topic. Let’s try to get back to the main point.
- Now I would like you in groups to talk about the second point of the lecture.
- Could I just point out something that was mentioned earlier.
- I give up. You just won’t listen to anyone else’s ideas.
- Let’s just take a moment to think about this a bit before we discuss it.
- You’re late! What time did you wake up this morning?
- It can turn into something completely different just by adding this one chemical.
6. Match the modal verbs to their use.
- To make suggestions: could
- To say it is necessary: must, have to
- To give strong advice: should
7. Which syllable has a schwa sound in it? Place the words in the correct column.
- First syllable: assert, consume
- Second syllable: after, other, benefit
- Third syllable: decisions, important
8. Select the correct sentence.

1. I’d recommend eating less fat.

2. One idea is to exercise for 30 minutes every day.

3. I suggest having at least 8 hours sleep.

4. How about studying harder?

5. It might be a good idea to buy a pet.

9. Watch the video and put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1. Many people claim that this is a direct result of the growth of supermarkets.

2. Figures suggest that by 2050 there may be no more independent shops in Britain .

3. Experts point out that 35 to 40 percent of our household waste is packaging.

4. Again, the evidence suggests that it isn’t good .

5. The supermarkets rightly point out that people lead busy lives.

UNIT 2: COMMUNITY

1. Complete the text with the words in the box.

Around the world people consider the concept of community differently, for example the way old people
are looked after differs. In some countries people consider it their duty to look after old people in their
family. They do not think of this as one of their virtues but that the recipient is part of their family and
therefore they should look after them. In other countries many families pay for the older members of their
family to live in institutions that look after old people. When people get old and do not have a family, life
can be difficult. They might depend on people to donate time and money to charities that look after old
people who are not so fortunate to have a family to support them.
2. Listen to the lecture and put these main points in the correct order that they were covered.

- Living alone does not make you lonely.

- Single people damage the environment.

- More people are living alone. Living alone can make you depressed.

- Why do more people live alone?

3. Listen again and select the correct answers.

1. In Sweden 47 percent of people live alone.

2. The U.S is not one of the fastest growing countries for single living.

3. People that live alone are likely to have fewer arguments.

4. The University of Helsinki found that 1 in 4 people living alone take antidepressants.

5. People living alone use 61% more gas.

4. Complete the sentences with phrases for supporting main ideas.

1. As you can see from the chart, there has been an increase in single living over the past decade.

2. No one is sure when people started to live alone but it is believed that it happened around the time of the
industrial revolution.

3. According to a study by the University of London, people living alone cause more damage to the
environment.

5. Complete the sentences with the correct prefixes.

1. The question was impossible to answer.

2. The hospital staff regularly clean their hands with an antibacterial wash.

3. The answer was inadequate and he didn’t pass the test.

4. The company tried to counteract the damage caused by offering compensation.

5. It’s unimportant so don’t worry about it.

6. Your reaction was completely irrational. You need to calm down.

7. I’m sorry but I disagree with what you said.

8. His mismanagement led to the company’s collapse.

9. The company is nonprofit.

6. Match the questions to the answers.

Where do you think he is?  He could be on the train.

What’s it like there?  You might find it a bit cold.

How do you think you learn languages best?  I’m not sure. It might be by living there.
What are the chances he’ll come?  He might still come. He’s often late.

Do you think you passed?  I might have, but it was a difficult test.

7. Select the consonant that links the words in these sentences.

1. Where /r/ are you?

2. I /j/ am sure I’m right.

3. Too /w/ often he just gives up.

4. So /w/ I think you’ll find I’m right.

5. He /j/ asked the teacher a question.

6. Where /r/ abouts are you from?

8. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

1. May I ask that you repeat it?

2. I couldn’t hear what you said about...

3. I may not have understood what you meant.

4. Can you say that again?

5. Can you explain it again?

6. I can’t understand what you’re saying.

7. I might not know that word you used.

8. Maybe you could spell it for me?

9. Watch the video and complete the information with the words in the box.

1. There is collaboration between community members to keep each other safe.

2. One of the funtions of community is to keep its members safe.

3. One of the rewards of belonging to a community is the freedom to connect with each other.

4. In animal and human communities members can face punishment if they do not follow rules.

5. There is little disagreement about chimpanzee communities being similar to human communities.

UNIT 3: SPACE

1. Complete the text with the words in the box.

Buildings, parks, statues and transport systems are the background to many of our lives. We don’t always
notice them or how they have evolved over the centuries. Different styles have in different cultures, partly
based on when the country was wealthy. During the industrial revolution masses of people flocked to the big
cities in England. The result of this can be seen today in the small wealthy areas with Victorian properties
and the typical small houses of the factory workers that accompany the jobs people were offered. Owners
were distracted by their growth in wealth or did not care enough to notice the poor conditions these workers
lived in. The divide between the rich and poor at the time was the behind many of the books of the
inspiration famous English author Charles Dickens.

2. Listen to the lecture and select True or False for each statement.

1. The lecture is going to look at time differences in cultures. F

2. Hall divided personal space into 4 categories. T

3. Personal space is important in the virtual world. T

4. Space means only physical distance. F

3. Listen and select two correct answers to complete each sentence.

1. Hall included _________ in his individual space theory.

personal distance

social distance

2. Culturally __________ want less space than Americans.

Southern Europeans

Arabs

3. Space also includes __________.

perfumes

mobile phones

4. There are rules about where to sit________.

on a bus

in a room

4. Match a sentence on the left to a sentence on the right.

Personal space differs between countries.  Because of this people can stand too close to someone from
another culture.

Some scientists think personal space rules are strong.  The reason is because personal space is an issue
even in the virtual world.

In Southern European countries people place more importance on who they are with than time.  Hence
Northern Europeans can often think they are not punctual

There are unwritten rules about where to sit.  Thus, when a room is empty, two strangers won’t sit next to
each other.

In some countries you should not look at someone for a long time.  If you do, it may lead to conflict.
5. Match the word to the antonym.

urban  country

outward  middle

center  outside

modern  ancient

realistic  idealistic

6. Select the correct tags to complete the questions.

1. You study IT, don’t you?

2. This is the faculty office, isn’t it?

3. She lives with her parents, doesn’t she?

4. You’re working on your essay, aren’t you?

5. He has qualified, hasn’t he?

6. She is our new lecturer, isn’t she?

7. Complete the sentences with the tags in the box. Then practice saying each with a rising or falling
intonation.

1. It’s a beautiful town, isn’t it?

2. He’s eighty this year, isn’t he?

3. It has been a wonderful holiday, hasn’t it?

4. You need the car tonight, don’t you?

5. It needs my signature here, doesn’t it?

8. Complete the phrases for shifting topic with the words in the box.

1. Speaking of which, ...

2. That reminds me...

3. By the way

4. Could we change the topic...

5. I would prefer to talk about...

9. Watch the video and put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1. And it seems our brains are being damaged.

2. It has been known for years that nature is relaxing.

3. In a city, our brains are constantly activated.

4. Our attention is caught by every light that flashes.

5. Of course, we are distracted by them.

UNIT 4: SCALE

1. Select the correct word to complete each sentence.

1. Tall buildings are a feature of many cities in the Far East.

2. The Burj Khalifa is a gigantic structure in Dubai; it’s the tallest in the world.

3. Traditional buildings are protected in many countries because people want to remember their past.

4. The range of jobs on offer in a large city is one thing that attracts people to living there.

5. The interior of the building was much more luxurious than the outside.

6. Architects often want to build unique structures so that they are remembered as different.

7. It is essential nowadays to manage the development of a city, otherwise the infrastructure can collapse
when grow not controlled.

8. The general opinion is that there must be a maximum size that structures can reach before they become
dangerous.

2. Listen to the lecture and put the main topics in the correct order.

Is the theory true in social networks?

Personal interactions are key to forming a group.

The most effective size of a group.

3. Listen to the lecture and correct the notes.

1. Robin Dunbar, an American (a British) anthropologist, studied maximum group size.

2. The average number of people for a group to work well is 300 (150).

3. People need to spend 60% (40%) of their time with the group making it work well.

4. The theory was developed in 1999 (1992) after the internet became popular.

5. To call 250+ Facebook friends a group you need to spend 30% (40%) of your time interacting with
them.

4. Place the words in the correct column.

- Contrast: however, different from, although

- Comparison: similarly, like, too, same as

5. Complete each sentence with the correct form ofthe word.

1. The country decided to nationalize the energy industry.

2. It’s not 100% accurate but it’s generally true.

3. He realized his mistake too late.

4. The essay asked the students to contrast two key theories in their field.

5. The origin of the idea is not entirely clear.

6. The perception people have of an idea can be affected by many factors.

7. The product is sold exclusively in Harrods.

8. The questions were simplified to make the test easier.

6 .Complete the sentences with less, least, fewer, or fewest.

1. There are fewer small companies in the UK than in India.

2. Fewer people walk to work today than in the past.

3. Many people are changing their behavior to try to produce less pollution.

4. People living alone take fewer antidepressants.

5. Older people consume the least amount of water.

6. Western European countries have the fewest births in the world.

7. Match the statements to the correct responses. Then read the response aloud using the correct stress
pattern.

Having a car is brilliant!  Come on! There are pros and cons.

It’s so calm here.  Yes. I love the peace and quiet.

My job is going so well.  Careful. Remember there are ups and downs.

I hope I get into college.  Well, we’ll just have to wait and see.

8. Place the phrases in the correct column.

- Formal: Your last point is beyond me.,I didn’t follow what you said., I’m not sure I understand.

- Informal: That didn’t make sense to me., I don’t get it.,You lost me!, I have no idea what you mean.

9. Watch the video and complete the sentences with the correct comparative form.

1. A human’s heartbeat is faster than an elephant’s.

2. A whale’s heartbeat is slower than a cat’s.

3. A rabbit’s heart does fewer beats a minute than a hamster’s.

4. Big animals often live longer than small animals.

5. Elephants are more intelligent than hamsters.

 UNIT 5: SUCCESS

1. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

1. My greatest achievement was getting a degree.

2. When I can focus on an exam I usually do well.

3. Many proverbs in our culture are about success, happiness and wealth.

4. I don’t know the specifics of my success, only the general reasons.

5. It took me three attempts to pass my driving test.

6. If you really want to achieve something you must be prepared to persist for a long time.

7. You can only be successful in this sport if you adhere to the rules.

8. I am determined to be a success in business within the next five years.

2. Listen to the lecture and complete the summary with the words in the box.

Research tells us that first born and only children tend to be the most successful whereas middle children,
especially families, are the least successful. Oldest children are the most successful academically. Middle
children are better socially, and youngest children do well creativity. Children with no brothers and sisters
have more pressure from parents but they are very confident. It is not only birth though, it is also parents’
time and money.

3. Listen and select True or False for each statement.

1. First born children make more money. T

2. First born children’s parents give them less attention. F

3. First born children are very good at art. F

4. Middle children are good at keeping everyone happy. T

5. Youngest children often become doctors and engineers. F

6. Only children are very different from first born children. T

7. Only children do not like criticism. T

4. Select the best synonym or definition of the words in bold.

1. He never gives up. He persists until he is successful. carries on

2. My greatest achievement was graduating with a first class degree. success

3. You should attempt every question. Practice helps you improve. try

4. He has all the characteristics to become a great leader. He’s decisive, inspiring and confident.
typical qualities

5. I can’t live at home now. I get too annoyed with my parents and we fight all the time. angry
6. There has been much progress in our understanding of major illnesses and diseases. advance

7. You don’t have to follow them but the guidelines will probably help you to succeed. instruction

8. It’s important to pay attention to the teacher’s feedback on work and not just the mark. assessment

5. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

1. The company made a loss last year.

2. The train fare increased by 20%.

3. Some people don’t think tests are a fair method of assessment.

4. It is quite common for people in my school to have a maid.

5. I’m not sure whether this is the correct answer or not.

6. The principal idea was right but the method used was wrong.

7. It’s the key principle our society lives by.

8. British people are obsessed with the weather. It’s all they ever talk about.

6. Complete the sentences with the correct verbs in the box.

1. The teacher stopped us as we were leaving the room.

2. I was working on the essay all of last week.

3. The lecturer wasn’t happy. People were talking at the back of the room.

4. We were driving to university when I had an accident.

5. She was speaking on the phone for over an hour.

6. It’s such a great story I was reading it all night.

7. I was feeling nervous before my presentation.

8. They were planning to do it this morning but ran out of time.

7. Match the words to form compound nouns. Then practice the pronunciation by stressing the first word.

Take + out  Takeout

Guide + lines  Guidelines

High + light  Highlight

Feed + back  Feedback

Head + quarters  Headquarters

Corner + stone  Cornerstone

Summer + time  Summertime

8. Place the phrases in the correct column.

- Agreeing: You have a point., That’s a great idea., I agree., That’s what I think.

- Disagreeing: I’m sorry, but I disagree.

9. Watch the video and complete the information with the words in the box.

1. It is not enough to be born with talent; you need to work hard too.

2. Good sports players are able to focus in the short and long term.

3. You need to trust yourself and recognize your skills.

4. A strong work ethic is very important to reach your potential.

5. You need to plan and use strategies, and attempt to make changes.

UNIT 6: PRESSURE

1. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

1. Don’t threaten to quit your job unless you mean it.

2. The plates of the earth float on top of each other.

3. I couldn’t do your job. I couldn’t handle the pressure.

4. The earth’s plates are merely moving a tiny amount, but when pressure builds up they can move
suddenly.

5. The force of the movement caused an earthquake to occur.

6. I ignore people’s comments on my untidiness, otherwise it puts me under pressure.

7. I could feel the motion of the building moving when the earthquake happened.

8. You obviously need to take time off work as you are clearly under too much pressure.

9. The company put me under pressure not to reveal the story to the public but it was against my values.

2. Listen and select True or False for each statement.

1. Pressure is greatest when industrialization and population growth happen at the same time. T

2. All countries are facing the same pressure. F

3. Traffic, resources and housing are the biggest problems. T

4. Changes in lifestyles, not investment, are needed. F

3. Listen and complete the sentences with the words and numbers in the box.

1. Rapid population growth has put cities under great pressure.

2. Standards of health were lower in the industrial revolution.

 3. India is under a lot of pressure.

4. Traffic levels will rapidly increase.

5. More investment is needed.

6. Urban areas produce of 50% GDP.

7. 27% of the population live in urban areas.

8. It is not about how much is spent but how it is spent.

4. Complete the sentences with the words and phrases in the box.

1. The eruption caused an evacuation.

2. The volcano erupted. Therefore people were evacuated from the area.

3. The volcano erupted, so people were evacuated.

4. The fire was due to the volcano erupting.

5. There was an evacuation as a result of the volcanic eruption.

5. Complete the text with the collocations in the box.

I did well later in life but when I was younger I didn’t get good grades at school; my marks were always
bad. My parents get angry with me but that didn’t help at all. When you find something difficult you need
someone get behind you to support you. You don’t need people shouting at you. My parents kept talking
about how important school was but I never really got the message. I didn’t behave very well and often got
in trouble with the teachers. I wasn’t even very good at sport. I left school I did more sport and got in shape
but I didn’t get started on my education until I was nearly thirty an back to do an executive MBA.

6. Find and correct the mistake in each sentence.

1. If you will talk to someone, you will feel better. will talk  talk

2. My friends will support me if I will speak to them. will speak  speak

3. If it’s sunny tomorrow, what would you do? would  will

4. If you felt under pressure, who will you speak to? will  would

5. If I would worked harder, I would get better marks. would worked  worked

6. If she will wait one minute, I will be with her shortly. will wait  waits

7. I would talk to my parents, if they would had more time. would had  had

7. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

1. I can’t think exact of the word.

2. It’s similar to "before."

3. I’m not sure how you say it in English.

4. It’s a kind of feeling you get.

 5.What’s the word I’m thinking of?

6.It’s something you use to open cans.

8. Read the sentences and think about how the intonation falls.

Select One fall or Two falls for each sentence. Now practice them.

1. You’ll have experienced an earthquake if you live on the Pacific Rim. One fall

2. If you live in England, you won’t experience many earthquakes. Two falls

3. I would want to see Mount Etna if I visited Sicily. One fall

4. If you don’t do the homework, the teacher won’t be happy. Two falls

5. If she waited patiently, people wouldn’t feel so stressed. Two falls

6. You’ll need to join the gym if you want to get in shape. One fall

7. If you holiday in the UK, you’ll have to prepare for rain. Two falls

8. You’ll have to raise your hand if you want to get the teacher’s attention. One fall

9. Watch the video and match the sentence beginnings with their endings.

1.Even the automatic things seem like great challenges and  as a result you drive badly, and you fall.

2.Consequently, we realize that we are underperforming, and  so we get even more stressed.

3. One reason for the increased pressure is  the competition for HE places that go to the highest achievers
in exams.

4. More and more young people around the world are suffering from mental illness  caused by exam
pressure.

UNIT 7: FEAR

1. Complete the sentences with the words and phrases in the box.

1. The doctor told me to try to confront my fear by holding spiders regularly.

2. How did you overcome your fear? I had hypnotherapy.

3. Many fears are quite reasonable but others just do not seem rational.

4. Her reaction was excessive. There’s no reason to cry just because the bridge was high!

5. What symptoms do you have when you fly? I’m so scared I can’t breathe. I have to take medication to
cope.

6. My fear of public speaking has a bad impact on my career because I can’t do presentations.

7. I was reluctant to go on holiday because of my fear of flying but I’m so glad I went.

8. Have you ever run out of time in an exam?

9. My fear impairs my judgement and I often make the wrong decision.

10. I find it really difficult not to panic in a crowded room.

2. Listen and put the main ideas of the interview in the correct order.

Traits of a narcissist.  What is a narcissist?  A narcissist’s opinion of others. People who do not have
any fear.  Why narcissists have no fear.

3. Listen and select the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. Some people aren’t afraid.

2. Narcissists are unlikely to suffer from fear.

3. Narcissists often think about power.

4. They don’t care about other people’s feelings.

5. Some fears we learn in life.

4. Place the items in the correct column.

-Introduction: I’d like to talk about, First I’ll discuss

-Main body: So first it’s important to, Finally I’ll mentio, Now let’s turn to

-Conclusion Today: The main points I discuss, In conclusion, I’d like to summarize

5. Place the words in the correct column.

-ful: beauty, stress, faith

-ful and less: thought, pain, hope

-less: sleep, job

6. Select the correct form of the verb to complete the sentences.

1. Have you ever flown in a helicopter?

2. How long have you lived in the U.S.A.?

3. She has worked here for twelve years. She’s retiring next year.

4. Have you ever felt really nervous?

5. I’m sorry. I have forgotten your name.

6. I have never liked flying. From the first time to this time it has always made me nervous.

7. We haven’t met. I’m Paul.

8. She has been to New York three times. She’ll probably go again soon.

7. Place the words in the correct column.

- Function words: is, in, get, can, and

- Content words: phobia, snake, elevator, scared, doctor

8. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

1. I’m afraid I don’t know.

2. Please hold all questions until the end.

3. I’d be happy to take a few questions.

4. I’m sorry but I don’t have the answer to that.

5. I’ll be happy to answer any questions later.

6. I think I’ve already answered that.

7. I believe I answered that question previously.

8. Let’s open it up and see if you have any questions.

9. Watch the video and put the words in the correct order to make questions.

1. Are you afraid of any type of animal?

2. Were you afraid of the same thing when you were a child?

3. What are some reasons people are afraid of animals?

4. Which images in the video did you find most frightening?

5. Can being afraid of something be positive for us?

UNIT 8: STORIES

1. Complete the text with the words in the box.

When we analyze stories in detail from around the world we often find that they consist of similar theme.
Stories have to get the readers’ interest in the initial pages of the book and at the same time they try to
establish a theme, plot and characters that readers are familiar with and recognize. As the story progresses,
the writer tries to build tension between some of the main characters. There may be arguments and conflicts
that the main characters have to resolve. However, no matter whether it is a crime story, a romance story or
a comedy, it is writer’s intent to get the reader to feel emotion throughout and to give them a release from
their daily lives in fantasy world.

2. Listen and match the topic to the order in which it is covered in the lecture.

1.The history of stories  Topic 2

2.Why stories are important  Topic 1

3.Stories in business Topic 3

3. Listen and select two correct answers to complete each sentence.

1. Stories are important because they are central to culture/ they describe universal themes.

2. The printing press/ Mass media made people consumers of stories.

3. Stories are important in business because they inspire people/ they give a future vision.

4. Complete the paragraph with the words and phrases in the box.

A long time ago, I’m not going to say how many years, but when I was 18 I went to study in another
country. Previously, I had only ever been on holiday to another country for a week or two so I was quite
nervous. I arrived late so the first thing I did was go to bed. The next morning I went into the kitchen and
met my new roommates, then we went to get our student cards and take a look around the university. We
spent the week socializing before starting lesson next week.

5. Which of the adjectives are usually positive and which ones are usually negative? Complete the
table.

- positive: stunning, delighted, cheerful, ecstatic, lovely

- negative: dreadful, awful, blistering, stifling, unpleasant

6. Select the correct word to complete each sentence.

1. The teacher who spoke to us this morning is American.

2. The season which I like the most is summer.

3. I don’t like people who tell lies.

4. The person who changes the most in the story is Walter.

5. We talked about the woman who married her manager.

6. This is the book which I told you about.

7. She was a writer who wrote novels during the 19th century.

7. Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Practice emphatically stressing each word.

1. Don’t you know the story? It’s really famous.

2. She’s an extremely intelligent person.

3. The book we need to buy is huge. It’s 900 pages long!

4. That was a boring lesson. I nearly fell asleep.

5. The main character was a beautiful woman and she knew it.

6. You know how hard she studied so she should get an A grade.

7. That was a stupid story. I didn’t enjoy reading it.

8. In the story the city was completely destroyed by a fire.

8. Complete the public speaking tips with the words in the box.

1. Maintain eye contact with your whole audience, not just those in the front.

2. Include a beginning, middle and a clear end.

3. Use descriptive words so the audience can "see" the story.

4. Vary your voice to make the story more interesting.

5. Speak with a strong, clear voice.

6. Stress important information so the audience knows it’s important.

9. Watch the video and match the sentence beginnings with their endings.

- We read mostly bad news  due to the fact there is very little news in the media.

- Studies have shown that  people feel depressed if they watch too much bad news.

- People make bad decisions  on account of feeling depressed.

- Life was dangerous in the past  and as a result humans paid more attention to bad news.

- We think bad things happen more than they do  because we see news from all around the world.

UNIT 9: WATER

1. Match each word to the correct definition.

- Estimate: an amount that you guess or calculate using the information available

- Instantly: immediately

- Practically: very nearly, but not quite

- Consistency: the ability to remain the same in behavior, attitudes, or qualities

- Object to: to be opposed to something, or to express your opposition to it in words

- Critical: very important

- Disaster: something very bad that happen causes a lot of damage or kills a lot of people

- Evidence: facts or physical signs that help to prove something

2. Listen to the interview and select True or False for each statement.

1. Diet helps the body, not the brain. F

2. Students drinking water in the exam did better. T

3. Those drinking water were more intelligent. F

4. Blueberries help memory and learning. T

3. Listen to the interview and select the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. Chris Pawson studied 450 students.

2. They used coursework to check the ability of students.

3. Drinking water gives you a break for thought.

4. Blueberries improve the memory of all people.

 4. Put the steps in this process in the correct order.

First, water is evaporated by the heat of the sun and turned into vapor or steam.

Then, the vapor is turned into water when it contacts cold air and is turned into clouds.

After that, precipitation occurs as too much water has condensed.

Finally, water is collected in a ground store again.

5. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

1. The solid form of carbon dioxide is called dry ice.

2. A commodity is something people buy and sell in a market, shop or financial center such as a stock
exchange.

3. Many people buy food with less packaging as the packaging takes time to decompose. That is, it lasts
for a long time.

4. Many pests and insects are caught using dry ice.

5. Asphyxiation can cause people to die when they are not able to breathe for a long time.

6. Carbon dioxide is one of the most talked about pollutants in the atmosphere.

6. Complete the text with the words in the box.

Many people who camp need to learn techniques to collect clean water in an emergency. This can be done in
many ways. Much water is stored in a tree so water can be collected by tying a bag over the leaves. The
condensation builds up water that can be drunk. When it rains, plastic sheets can be used to collect water.
Before drinking the water it is important that the water is purified. The best known method for purifying
water is to heat it. When the water is boiled it kills germs and bacteria.

7. In each word decide which syllable is stressed.

1. Discussion: second

2. Pollution: second

3. Conclusion: second

4. Infectious: second

5. Intellectual: third

6. Possibility: third

8. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

1. As shown in this chart...

2. Let me draw your attention to this slide...

3. As you can see on this poster...

4. The references are in your handout.

5. Note that the first bullet point says...

6. Take a look at this video. You will see...

9. Watch the video and put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1. Water must be made available for everyone.

2. This resource could be fought over in the future.

3. Worrying statistics have been given on water problems.

4. Water distribution needs to be supported by good infrastructure.

5. Water problems must be solved in the next few years.

UNIT 10: PERSUATION

1. Match each word to the correct definition.

- Subtle: not obvious, and therefore difficult notice

- Bother: to not do something because the no good reason or it is too much effort

- Influence: to affect the way that someone thinks or behaves

- Adamant: determined not to change your belief or decision about something

- Irritating: making you feel annoyed or impatient

- Aggressive: behaving in an angry or rude way shows you want to fight, attack, or argue with
someone to affect the way that someone

- Distort: to change something such as information so that it is no longer true or accurate

- Exposed: not covered or hidden and therefore able to be seen

- Impression: main opinion or feeling that you about someone or something you have seen but do not
know very well

2. Select the correct word or words to complete each sentence.

1. Logical persuasion tries to convince people with facts.

2. Logical persuasion makes people think more.

3. The non-rational approach is better for persuading people to make impulse purchases.

3. Listen and complete the sentences with the words and phrases in the box.

1. Logical persuasion could be to explain how something is bigger, faster or lighter.

2. Famous people advertising a product is an example of the non-rational approach.

3. The decision making and emotional processing part of the brain are more active when watching logical
persuasion adverts.

4. The things we think of when we see Messi make us buy a product for no rational reason.
4. Place the phrases in the correct column.

- Examples and details: For instance, Let me give an example

- Common sense: It’s common knowledge that, Everyone knows that

- Expert opinions: According to experts, One researcher claims that

5. Complete the sentences with the collocations in the box.

1. Somebody needs to take charge of this situation. It’s getting out of control.

2. It’s such a risk. I’m not sure I’m willing to take a chance.

3. After a stressful day I like to take a bath to help me relax.

4. Do we need to take a test to pass this course?

5. I don’t take notes in class. I prefer to listen and then read afterwards.

6. I want to learn more languages. Next semester I’m going to take a class in French.

7. Please, take a seat. Mr. Smith will be with you in a moment.

8. I’m not sure about the homework. Could you take a look at what I’ve written?

6. Put the words in the correct order to make reported speech sentences.

1. He said he wanted to buy a new car.

2. He said he was speaking on the phone.

3. She said she had bought a new laptop.

4. She said she had already got a drink.

5. They said they could pick me up at eight.

6. They said they would see me later.

7. Select the pair of words which are linked in each sentence.

1.learn new

2.good discussion

3.cheap products

4. last time

5. common knowledge

6. Didn’t Tom

7. produced different

8. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

1. There’s some truth to your argument.

2. That may be true but in fact ...

3. You said that...

4. You claimed that...

5. One person reported that...

6. That’s not true because...

7. I’m afraid that’s not accurate since...

9. Watch the video and complete the collocations in the sentences with the words in the box.

1. You need to take charge of a situation when you want to sell something.

2. When you are learning how to sell, take notes because there is a lot to learn.

3. Good salespeople take classes in how to sell to people.

4. Salespeople are trying to persuade people to take a chance on their product.

5. One of the first stages of selling is to persuade people to take a look at the product.