NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Activity # 1: ATOMIC MODELS

Objective: Describe atomic models in terms of its basic characteristics.

Part 1. Complete the table with needed information:

Depiction Atomic Model Name Proponent / Inventor Description

Atomos Greeks / Democritus Solid Particles

Too small to see

+
+ + +
+
++ ++
++
++ ++
+ +
+
+

+ + +
+ +++
+ + ++

++ + ++
+ + +

Part 2. Guide Question:

1. How do atomic models help describe an atom?

2. What are the key features of Bohr’s model?

CONCLUSION:
How did Bohr’s model improved Rutherford’s model?
NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Activity # 2: INTENSIVE PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Objective:
1. Categorize an element based on its location in the periodic table.
2. Determine the quantity of atomic particles in a given element.

Part 1. Complete the table with needed information:

Intensive Properties of Matter

Element Physical Property Atomic Particles
Proton Electron Neutron
Cesium
Iron
Silicon
56
47
Part 2. Guide Questions:

1. What is intensive property (describe/explain/discuss)?

2. On which part/side of the periodic table will you commonly locate or find METALLIC elements?

3. On which part/side of the periodic table will you commonly locate or find NONMETALLIC elements?

4. On which part/side of the periodic table will you commonly locate or find METALLOID elements?

5. Discuss how can the Periodic Table help you determine the quantity of a certain element?

CONCLUSION:
Describe how elements are arranged in the Periodic Table?
NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Activity # 3: PERIODIC TRENDS

Objective:
1. Determine probable chemical property of an element based on its location in the Periodic Table.
2. Categorize an element based on its periodic property.

Part 1. Complete the table with needed information

STANDARDS ELEMENTS ANSWER
1. Arrange the given elements
based on DECREASING K, O, Li
electronegativity
2. Arrange the given elements
based on INCREASING W, Fe, Cs
electronegativity
3. Which element have the least
ionization energy? S, Ne, I
4. Which element have the greatest
ionization energy? Ba, Ag, F
5. Which element have the least
electron affinity? Ar, V, Ni
6. Which element have the greatest
electron affinity? C, N, Br

Part 2. Guide Questions:

1. How does the value of an element’s ELECTRONEGATIVITY change based on its location in Periodic Table?

2. How does the value of an element’s IONIZATION ENERGY change based on its location in Periodic Table?

3. How does the value of an element’s ELECTRON AFFINITY change based on its location in Periodic Table?

4. Identify the terms being described as ELECTRONEGATIVY, IONIZATION ENERGY or ELECTRON AFFINITY.
Ability of an atom to attract an electron ________________________________

Ability of an atom to accept electron __________________________________

Ability of an atom to remove its electron _______________________________

CONCLUSION:
Why do electron affinity and ionization energy change as the value of electronegativity change?
NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Activity # 4: ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Objective:
1. Write the electron configuration of a specific element.
2. Explain how the Quantum Mechanical model describes the energy and position of electrons inside the atom.

Part 1. Complete the table with needed information:

Element Electron Configuration

Bromine

Cadmium

Caesium

Mercury

Part 2. Guide Questions:

1. Based on the Quantum Mechanical model where do we find the electrons?

2. Describe how does the electrons are arranged inside the atom?

3. What are the rules you should follow in writing the electron configuration of a certain element?

CONCLUSION:
How does the electron configuration help in locating electrons inside the atom?
NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Activity # 5: IONS AND ION FORMATION

Objective:
1. Explain how ions are formed.
2. Determine the ions formed by a certain element.
3. Discuss the difference between cation and anion?

Part 1. Complete the table with needed information:

ELEMENT LOSE OR GAIN TYPE OF ION CHARGE & ION SYMBOL

Francium
Beryllium
Gallium
Tin
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Chlorine
Argon
Nickel
Part 2. Guide Questions:

1. What type/kind of element commonly form CATIONS? Why?

2. What type/kind of element commonly form ANIONS? Why?

3. What type/kind does not typically form IONS? Why?

4. What property (chemical property/periodic trend) helps you to determine whether an element will form a CATION or ANION?

CONCLUSION:
Why do atoms form ions?
NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Activity # 6: CHEMICAL BONDS

Objective:
1. Differentiate ionic, covalent and metallic bonds.
2. Determine the type of chemical bond formed between a given element pair.

Par 1. Venn Diagram:

Draw a Venn-diagram in order to explain the similarities and differences between ionic, covalent and metallic bonds.

Part 2. Complete the table with needed information:

Element Pair / Compound Type of Bond Formed

O2 (Oxygen gas)
Au (Gold jewelry
NaClO (Sodium Hypoclorite)
AgCl (Silver Chloride)
Hg (Mercury)
Pb2O4 (Lead Oxide)
Al (Aluminum Foil)
H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide)
Part 3. Guide Questions:

1. Discuss how can you determine the type of chemical bond that will occur between a given element pair or compound?

CONCLUSION:
Why do atoms, ions and molecules form chemical bond?
GROUP #: __________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________
MEMBERS:

Group Activity # 3: IONIC BOND

Objective:
1. Discuss how ionic bond is formed.
2. Write the chemical formula of an ionic compound.

Part 1. Exploratory Activity:

1. Watch or explore the Interactive activity in PBS Learning – ChemThink: Ionic Bond Simulator.
2. Answer the questions related to the exploratory activity.

Part 2. Guide Questions:

1. Why atoms loses or gain electron/s?

2. What happens when an atom loses or gain electrons?

3. What are the types of element that commonly/typically forms ionic bond?

4. What are the common structure of ionic compounds?

5. Write the possible chemical formula and name for the given element pairs:
Element Pair Purpose/Usage Chemical Formula Chemical Name
Found on food supplements,
K+1 and O-2 cement, steel, alloy, and Potassium Oxide
fiberglass.
Found on Rodenticide or rat
Ca+2 and P-3 poison. Calcium Phosphide
Used as an abrasive material on
Al+3 and C-4 metal cutting tools.
Aluminium Carbide

CONCLUSION:
Discuss / describe how ionic bond form.

Ionic bond is formed when...

NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Activity # 7: IONIC BOND (Chemical Formula and Lewis Dot Structure)

Objective:
1. Determine which of the given elements will form ionic bond.
2. Write the chemical formula of a specific ionic compound.
3. Draw the Lewis Dot Structure of the ionic compounds you have formed.

Part 1. Exploratory Activity:

Choose a pair of element in the list and write its most probable chemical formula (Note: NaCl is not allowed).
Na Ag Cl I Li S
Ca O Cu Br Sn K

Element Pairing Chemical Formula Chemical Name

Part 2. Drawing the Lewis Structure of the substances formed in exploratory phase.
Write the names of the ionic compound (based on Part 1) and draw its Lewis Dot Structure in the boxes provided.
GROUP #: __________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________
MEMBERS:

Group Activity # 4: COVALENT BOND

Objective:
1. Explain how covalent bond is formed.
2. Explain how covalent compounds are named.
3. Recognize the uses of common covalent compounds.

Part 1. Learning Activity:

1. Watch or explore the Interactive activity in PBS Learning – ChemThink: Ionic Bond Simulator.
2. Answer the questions related to the exploratory activity.

Part 2. Guide Questions:

1. Why atoms SHARE electron/s?

2. What happens when an atom NEITHER loses or gain electrons?

3. What are the type of elements that commonly/typically form covalent bond?

4. Explain how covalent compounds are named?

5. Explain the purpose of the given examples of covalent compounds:

Chemical Formula Chemical Name Use
H 2 O2 Hydrogen Peroxide
O3 Ozone gas
CH3COOH Acetic acid
C12H22O11 Sucrose

C 3H 8 Propane

NHN Nitrogen Hydride

CONCLUSION:
Discuss / describe how covalent bond is formed.

Covalent bond is formed when...

NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Activity # 8: COVALENT BOND (Chemical Formula and Lewis Dot Structure)

Objective:
1. Predict the possible chemical formula of the given element pairs.
2. Determine the chemical formula of the covalent compounds formed.
3. Draw the Lewis Dot Structure of the ionic compounds you have formed.
4. Discuss the uses of the most common covalent compounds.

Part 1. Exploratory Activity:

Decide what possible covalent compound will form between the given elements.

Element Chemical Formula Chemical

Pairing Name Use
C and O
H and O
N and O
Cl atoms
O atoms
P and H
S and O
C, H and O
Part 2. Drawing the Lewis Structure of the substances formed in exploratory phase.
Choose 4 substances from Part 1 and draw its Lewis Dot Structure on the space provided.

Chemical Name: Chemical Name:

Chemical Name: Chemical Name:

NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Activity # 9: METALLIC BOND

Objective:
1. Describe/Discuss how metallic bond occur.
2. Recognize the different properties of metals and its use in other industry.

Part 1. Exploratory Activity

Study the figure below and answer the questions that followed.

Part 2. Discussion:

1. List down the common chemical properties of metallic atoms.

2. Describe how the particles of metallic atoms work together to hold each other in a chemical bond?

3. Complete the table below with needed information:

METALLIC PROPERTY DEFINITION USE IN INDUSTRY
LUSTER
MALLEABILITY
DUCTILITY
CONDUCTIVITY
MELTING POINT

CONCLUSION:
What makes metallic bond different from covalent and ionic bond?
NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Group Activity # 5: FLAME TEST

Objective:
1. Determine the color of the flame of some basic metal salts and household salts.
2. Discuss why metal salts produce colored flame during flame test.
3. Discuss why metal salts produce different colored flame.
4. Discuss the application of flame test in real life activities.

Part 1. Exploratory Activity:

Complete the table with needed information:
Reagents METAL IONS COLOR OF FLAME
Ethanol None Bright Blue
Sodium Chloride
Boric acid
Potassium Chloride

Group Activity # 10: FLAME TEST

Part 2. Discussion:
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follows:
Colored Flames
Flame test is useful because gas excitations produce a signature line emission spectrum (radiation) for an element.
This happens when the electrons of the heated substance becomes excited (absorbs energy). When electrons of the said atom gets
excited, the electrons are able to move from their ground state (neutral state) to higher energy levels. Overtime the electrons will have
to go back to its neutral state, thus releasing the absorbed energy as they move back to lower energy levels. At this point, the atom
releases photons (light energy) of specific color.
Each element has a fingerprint in terms of its light emission spectrum because each element has an exactly defined
line emission spectrum (color). Scientist are able to identify them by the color of flame they produce, since the color of light depends
on the energy emitted by each electron returning to its original state.

Guide Questions:
1. What atomic particle is responsible for the chemical reactivity of the given substances?

2. Why do metals produce colored flame?

3. Why do substances produce different colored flame?

4. What are the applications FLAME TEST (colored flames of substances) in real life?
NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Activity # 11: ORGANIC COMPOUND

Objective:
1. Describe the basic properties or characteristics of organic compounds.
2. Familiarize with the different types of organic compounds and its uses.
3. Explain why carbon atoms have the capability to form different types of compounds.

Part 1. Exploratory Phase:

Study the figure below and answer the questions that follows.
Glucose Carbon Dioxide

Organic compounds are one of the many chemical compounds found or created on Earth. Organic compounds are
generally made of one or more atoms of Carbon that are covalently bonded to other elements. This becomes possible since Carbon
atoms have four valence electrons that are capable of forming multiple bonds with other elements. But not all carbon containing
compounds are considered as organic, for example the given Lewis structure on the left side represents organic compounds, on the
other hand the one of the right is not.

Part 2. Discussion:

1. Based on the given structures on the top, why is glucose considered an organic compound but CO2 is not?

2. Complete the table below with needed information:

Chemical Formula Chemical Name/ Common Name Uses
C4H10 Butane
C2H4 Ethylene
CHCl4 Chloroform
C2H5OH Ethanol
C3H8O3 Glycerol
CH2O Formaldehyde
C3H6O Acetone
CH3COOH Acetic Acid
C8H9NO2 Paracetamol
C7H6O Benzaldehyde
CCl4 Carbon-tetra chloride
C10H8 Napthalene (para-dichlorobenzene)
C2H4O Acetaldehyde

CONCLUSION:
Explain why CARBON atoms have the capability to form different types of compounds?
NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Activity # 12 ORGANIC COMPOUND – Hydrocarbons

Objective:
1. Describe the basic features of a hydrocarbon.
2. Differentiate Alkane, Alkene, Alkynes and Aromatic hydrocarbons.
3. Familiarize oneself with the most common hydrocarbons and its uses.
4. Explain why there are multiple forms of hydrocarbons.

Part 1. Structure of Hydrocarbons:

Study the figure below and answer the questions that follows.
ALKANES (Ethane) ALKENES (Ethene)

ALKYNES (Ethyne) AROMATICS

The figures above represents the basic structure of Hydrocarbons, namely Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes and Aromatics.

1. What are the similarities between alkane, alkene, alkyne and aromatic compounds?

2. What are the difference between alkane, alkene, alkyne and aromatics (in terms of structure)?

Part 2. Uses of Common Hydrocarbons

Study the data on the table below and answer the question that follows:
Chemical Formula Chemical/Common Name Uses
Methane, Butane, Propane, Hexane Natural gases Natural fuel sources
Polyethylene or polythene Plastics Industrial uses
Paraffin Paraffin Candles, preservation, medical
Bitumen Asphalt Road surfaces
Acetelyne Oxy-fuel / acetelyne torch Metal cutter, welding
Ethyne Source of ethanol PVC materials, fruit ripening
Octane (Refined Crude oil) Gasoline Fuel for Vehicles
Nonane Diesel gas additive Fuel additive
Industrial Propane and Butane LPG Industrial Fuel

CONCLUSION:
Why there are multiple forms of Hydrocarbons? (Hint: What element makes this possible?)
NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Activity # 13: ORGANIC COMPOUND – Aldehydes and Ketones

Objective:
1. Discuss the difference between Aldehydes and Ketones.
2. Discuss the common properties and uses of Aldehydes and Ketones.

Part 1. Difference and Similarities between Ketones and Aldehydes:

Study the figure below and answer the questions that follows.
ALDEHYDES KETONES

Aldehydes and ketones are one of the many forms of organic compounds, specifically both substances contain carbonyl
group (a functional group composed of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom, C = O).

1. What is the main similarity between aldehydes and ketones?

2. What is the main difference between aldehydes and ketones?

Part 2. Uses of Common Aldehydes and Ketones

Study the data on the table below and answer the questions that follows:
ALDEHYDES KETONES
Substances Source/Uses Substances Source/Uses
Cinnamaldehyde Cinnamon bark Muscone Musk deer
Vanillin Vanilla bean Testostorone Male sex hormone
Citra Lemon grass Progesterone Female sex hormone
Carvone Spearmint Cortisone / Cortisol Adrenal hormone
Helminthosporal Fungal toxin Acetone Solvent
Formaldehyde Embalming, Tanning Cyclohexanone Nylon production
Acetaldehyde Acetic acid Serotonin Happy hormone
Benzaldehyde Perfumes, flavorings Somatotropin Growth hormone

3. What are the common characteristics/chemical properties of aldehydes and ketones?

4. How are aldehydes and ketones commonly named?

NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Activity # 14: Atomic Mass, Molar Mass and Percent Composition

Objective:
1. Compute for the atomic mass and molar mass of the given substances.
2. Compute for the Percent Composition of a certain element in the given substances.

Part 1. Exploratory Phase:

Complete the table with needed information:
NAME: ______________________________ SECTION: ___________ DATE: _____________

Activity # 15: Mole Concept

Objective: