4ESO Competency BasedTestTraining

Competency-based test training
U.I. Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................
THE LAYERS OF THE EARTH

As you know, the Earth is divided into three big layers. From the surface to the
centre of the planet, the first layer is the Earth’s crust. The crust’s thickness varies
depending on where you are. In an ocean (about 5 km) or in a mountain range
(up to around 70 km). This layer is then followed by the Earth’s mantle, to a depth
of around 2 890 km and finally, there is the Earth’s core, which is around 3 480 km
thick. Have you ever wondered how we know all this?
1. Before commenting on how we know this, we will first learn a little more about our
planet. If the Earth’s mass is 6 · 1024 kg, its average density is:
a) 5 540 kg/cm3
b) 5.54 g/cm3
c) 5.54 · 1012 kg/m3
d) None of the above
2. We know about the structure of the Velocity of seismic waves (km/s)

Earth by studying the waves that are 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Crust
0
generated during earthquakes.There Upper
Depth on Earth (km)
1 000 Lower
are seismographs in a multitude Mantle
of points on the surface of the 2 000
S Waves
Earth which collect signals. These 3 000 P Waves
seismographs have made it possible 4 000
to construct the following velocity Core
5 000 S Waves External
graph. Identify what information the Internal
graph tells us to be able to establish 6 000
the depth of each layer of the Earth.
............................................................................................................................................
3. The P waves are longitudinal waves and S waves are transverse waves. Knowing that
transverse waves cannot be transmitted through the medium of liquid, what are the
Earth’s layers states of aggregation?
© Grupo Anaya, S. A. Authorised photocopiable materials.
............................................................................................................................................
4. As you studied in previous courses, magnetism is due to the movement of electrical

charges. Thus, when a material has got magnetic properties it means that there are
areas within it that have got a certain order of moving charges. Explain which layer of
the Earth behaves like a large magnet and seek information on what materials this layer
is formed of.
............................................................................................................................................
5. Is the subject of these activities based on the characteristics of scientific knowledge?

Explain your answer.
............................................................................................................................................
2
Correction Guide
1
BLOCK OF CONTENTS CODING
Scientific methodology. Matter. • Type of answer: multiple choice (one correct).

• Difficulty: low.
COMPETENCES • Maximum score: 1 point.

• Correction criteria:
CMCT and CL. – Correct: b): 1 point.
– Incorrect: any other option: 0 points.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
Knowledge.
2
Scientific Methodology. • Type of answer: short, elaborated.

• Difficulty: medium.

CMCT. – Correct: comments on variations of speed in the two discontinuities:
1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: comments that it is due to speed, but does not
Analysis. differentiate discontinuities: 0.5 points.
– Incorrect: does not identify speed variations: 0 points.
3
Scientific methodology. Matter. • Type of answer: short, elaborated.


CMCT.
– Correct: solid crust, mantle and inner core; liquid outer core: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Incorrect: anything else: 0 points.
Analysis. Knowledge.
4
Scientific methodology. Energy. • Type of answer: elaborated, constructed.


CMCT and CD.
– Correct: external core, iron and nickel: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: external core, other materials: 0.5 points.
– Incorrect: no external core: 0 points.
Analysis. Application.
5
Scientific methodology. • Type of answer: elaborated, constructed.

•Maximum score: 1 point.
COMPETENCES
CMCT and CL. – Correct: comments on contrast, reproducibility and use of evidence: 1 point.
– Partially correct: comments on two of the scientific characteristics: 0.75 points.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially incorrect: comments on only one of the scientific characteristics:
Analysis. Evaluation. 0.5 points.
– Incorrect: does not comment on any scientific characteristics: 0 points.
CMCT (Competence in mathematics and basic competences in science and technology) • CL (Competence in linguistic communication) • CD (Digital competence) • AA (Learning to
learn) • CSYC (Social and civic competences) • SIEP (Sense of initiative and entrepreneurship) • CEC (Cultural awareness and expression).
3
1 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................
THE UPDATED PERIODIC TABLE

Four new chemical elements have been added to the Periodic Table, completing
its seventh row. These four super heavy chemical elements (113, 115, 117 y 118)
were discovered by Japanese, Russian and America scientists. They are the first to
be added to the table since elements 114 and 116 were added in 2011.
The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) announced that a
Russian-American team of scientists from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
in Dubna (Russia), and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California
(United States), had provided sufficient evidence to claim the discovery of the
elements 115, 117 and 118. Credit was also granted for the discovery of element
113 to a team of scientists from the Riken Institute in Japan.
After the news, the director of the Japanese institution, Kosuke Morita, announced
that his team now plans to «look into the unknown territory of element 119 and
beyond».
Like other super heavy elements that populate the end of the Periodic Table, these
four new elements only exist for fractions of a second before disintegrating into
other elements.
1. The four new elements are alluded to by a number, since they do not yet have a name.
What number is it? What does this number mean?
............................................................................................................................................
2. Indicate which of the following electronic configurations corresponds to the new element
number 113, knowing that it belongs to group 13 of the Periodic Table.
a) [Rn] 7s2 5f 14 6d 10 7p1
b) [Rn] 7s2 5f 14 6d 10 7p2
c) [Rn] 7s2 6d 10 7p2
d) [Rn] 7s2 6d 10 7p1

3. Explain the meaning of the announcement of the director of the Riken Institute of Japan.
............................................................................................................................................
4. Do you think it will be possible to obtain elements that are heavier than 119? How would
such a discovery affect the Periodic Table?
............................................................................................................................................
5. Is it possible to claim that these super heavy elements are radioactive? Explain your
answer.
............................................................................................................................................
2
Correction Guide
1
Matter. • Type of answer: open.


CMCT. – Correct: atomic number, Z. it refers to the number of protons: 1 point.
– Partially correct: atomic number or refers to the number of protons (only
COGNITIVE DOMAIN one of the two): 0.5 points.
Knowledge. – Incorrect: left blank, or any other answer: 0 points.
2
Matter. • Type of answer: closed multiple choice (1 correct option).


CMCT. – Correct: a): 1 point.
– Incorrect: d) or b) or c): 0 points.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
Knowledge.
3

• Maximum score: 1 point.
COMPETENCES
CMCT and CL. – Correct: they will try to synthesise elements of atomic numbers that are
greater than 119: 1 point.
Analysis.
4

• Difficulty: high.

CMCT and SIEP. – Correct: an argument based on the possibility of completing empty orbitals
and / or discovering new patterns not represented in the Periodic Table. It
COGNITIVE DOMAIN would change the shape of the Periodic Table; there would no longer be 18
Create. groups and 7 periods: 1 point.
– Incorrect: answers the first question without giving any argument: 0 points.
5


CMCT and SIEP.
– Correct: comments on the function of the decomposition of unstable nuclei
emitting radioactivity: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
– Incorrect: argues that more information is needed to make the assumption:
Analyse. 0 points.
3
2 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................
It is Saturday and Luisa is very excited; her friends are coming over to her house for
a snack and she wants to prepare something very special. She has arranged that her
mother teaches her how to make lemon slush in the morning, she has got all of the
ingredients prepared. She connects the blender and… it doesn’t work! After trying
three times, she discovers that the plug socket in the wall is broken. They switch off the
house’s central differential switch, to have a look what is wrong with the plug socket
1. The countertop, underneath the plug, has got a small puddle of water on it, do you think
that they should dry all of the wet surfaces well before fixing the plug?
a) It is not necessary because water is a covalent substance
and it doesn’t conduct electricity.
b) They should dry them so that they don’t slip when fixing it.
c) They should dry the surfaces because the water may contain dissolved ions.
d) None of the above answers.
2. To fix the plug socket they need to unscrew it

from the wall. In the toolbox they find the two
types of screwdrivers that you can see in the
pictures: one of them has got a plastic sleeve and
the other one is a metallic precision screwdriver.
Which screwdriver they should use and why?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
3. After choosing the correct screwdriver, they remove the plug socket and they realise that
one of the cables had come loose. They reconnect it and are ready to re-screw the plug
onto the wall, when the screwdriver falls and the handle breaks, revealing the inner metal
part. What material/s could they use to hold it with?
a) A metal clamp. c) A kitchen mitt.

b) A wooden cork. d) A damp tea towel.
4. After turning the differential switch back on and checking that they have fixed the
plug correctly they want to chop the ice up for the lemon slush. Since they have never
chopped ice with this blender before, they want to check that the hardness of the ice
will not damage the blender’s metal blades. Design an experiment that will allow them
to check it.
............................................................................................................................................
5. Luisa and her mother are ready to blend the ice. Should they add the lemon juice before
or after blending it? Explain your answer.
............................................................................................................................................
2
Correction Guide
1
Matter. • Type of answer: closed multiple choice (1 correct choice).


CMCT. – Correct: they should dry the surfaces because the water may contain
dissolved ions: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Incorrect: any other answer: 0 points.
Understanding.
2


CMCT, CL and AA. – Correct: the screwdriver with the plastic handle, the reasoning is based on
the characteristics of the electrical insulation of the handle: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Correcta parcial: chooses the screwdriver with plastic handle but does not
Analyse. explain why or explains it poorly: 0.5 points.
– Incorrect: chooses the precision screwdriver: 0 points.
3
Matter. • Type of answer: closed multiple choice (several correct options).

COMPETENCES • Correction criteria:
– Correct: chooses a wooden cork and a kitchen mitt: 1 point.
CMCT.
– Correct: chooses only a cork or a kitchen mitt: 0.5 points.
– Incorrect: does not choose any of the correct ones or chooses one along
COGNITIVE DOMAIN with the incorrect ones: 0 points.
Understanding.
4


CMCT and SIEP. – Correct: describes an experiment based solely on hardness, for example,
checks if the blade of the propeller scratch the ice or vice versa: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Incorrect: describes an experiment that does not check the hardness or
Create. mixes it with other properties: 0 points.
5

– Correct: You should add the lemon juice after the ice has been chopped. This
CMCT, CL and AA.
is because if you add the lemon juice before, the ice will float making it more
difficult to crush: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: chooses to add the juice later, but does not explain it or
Apply. explains it improperly: 0.5 points
– Incorrect: chooses to add the juice before: 0 points.
3
3 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................
As you have already studied the unit related to carbon chemistry, you decide to try
to read the labels on some bath products to see if you can recognise the carbon
compounds that they are formed out of. But you are surprised that the names are
all in English and they do not look anything like the ones that you’ve seen in class.
You decide to investigate why they are different, and you discover that cosmetic
companies use their own nomenclature, called the International Nomenclature
of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI), instead of the one recommended by IUPAC.
But with a little effort, you see that it is possible to convert one into the other.
1. You have found the common solvent butylene glycol in various gels, creams and shampoos.
Knowing that its name according to IUPAC is butane-1,3-diol, write its developed and
semi-developed formula.
............................................................................................................................................
2. Another widely used compound is linalool. This

acts as an aroma due to its pleasant mentholated
smell. Deduce the developed and semi-developed
formula of this compound from the molecular model
of right:
.................................................................................
3. Malic acid, is the natural acid found in apples. In the cosmetic industry it is used as
exfoliate. From its semi-developed formula, which you will find below, recognise the
functional groups it contains, and cite its organic families.
COOH-CH2-CHOH-COOH
............................................................................................................................................
4. Think about all of the uses of carbon compounds. Describe the most common applications
of at least four simple hydrocarbons.
a) .......................................................................................................................................
b) .......................................................................................................................................
c) .......................................................................................................................................
d) .......................................................................................................................................
5. As you can see, these compounds are only made up of three distinct elements: C, H and
O. How is it possible that so many different compounds can be obtained? Expain your
answer.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
2
Correction Guide
1
Matter. • Type of answer: recognition and deduction of formulas.

Semi-developed formula: CH2OH-CH2-CHOH-CH3.
CMCT.
Developed formula: H H H H
– Correct: both formulas written correctly:
COGNITIVE DOMAIN 1 point. H O C C C C H
Application. – Partially correct: one of the formulas H H O H

written well: 0.5 points.
– Incorrect: none of the formulas written well: 0 points. H
2

COMPETENCES • Maximum score:
Semi-developed formula: CH3-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-CH2-COH(CH3)-CH=CH2
CMCT and AA.
Developed formula: H
H H
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Correct: both formulas H H H H C H H
written correctly: 1 point.
Application. H C C C C C C C C
– Incorrect: none of the
formulas written well: 0 points. H H H O H
C
H H
H H
3
Matter. • Type of answer: recognition of different functional groups.

COMPETENCES • Correction criteria: COOH-CH2-CHOH-COOH
The two functional groups from the family of organic acids appear in bold.
CMCT.
The functional group of the family of alcohol is underlined.
– Correct: indicates the groups and names their families: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: makes a single mistake, either when indicating the
Understanding. groups or when naming the families: 0.5 points.
– Incorrect: makes more than one mistake: 0 points.
4
COMPETENCES • Difficulty: low.
CMCT. • Correction criteria:
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – For each correctly described application of a different hydrocarbon:
0.25 points.
Recall.
5

COMPETENCES
CCL and CMCT. – Correct: uses correct and technical language and mentions the chemical
reasons for this fact: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: does not give all the reasons or does it in a linguistically
incorrect way: 0.5 points.
Analyse.
– Incorrect: gives no valid reason: 0 points.
3
4 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................
Portable cold
Instant cold compresses are used to treat minor injuries. They work by striking them
with force so that another small bag that contains water is broken inside. The rest
of the content is a salt, usually ammonium nitrate. The release of cold lasts a few
minutes; during this time, the ammonium nitrate dissolves in the water, causing the
temperature of the bag to decrease and thus obtaining «instant, portable cold».
The safety data sheet for ammonium nitrate indicates that it is explosive and toxic
on ingestion and harmful to the environment.
1. Indicate if the solution of ammonium nitrate in water is an endothermic or exothermic

process.
............................................................................................................................................
2. Replace this part of the statement «The release of cold lasts a few minutes; during
this time, the ammonium nitrate dissolves in the water» with one of these options that
explains the flow of energy in the form of heat:
a)
By dissolving the ammonium nitrate in water, heat is absorbed by lowering the
temperature of the water.
b) When the ammonium nitrate is dissolved, the heat contained in this chemical reagent
is lowered, causing the temperature to decrease.
c) When the ammonium nitrate is dissolved in water, the heat contained in the water is
reduced, causing the temperature to decrease.
d) Upon dissolution of the ammonium nitrate, a release of the cold contained in this salt
is produced, causing the temperature of the water to decrease.
3. From what is stated in the text, indicate which of these options could correspond to the
heat in the dissolution process of the ammonium nitrate in water:
a) +26,2 kJ · mol–1 · K–1

b) +26,2 kJ · mol–1
c) –26,2 kJ · mol–1 · K–1
d) –26,2 kJ · mol–1
4. Design a safety warning for an instant cold pack that contains ammonium nitrate.
............................................................................................................................................
5. What do you think should be done with the used bag?
............................................................................................................................................
2
Correction Guide
1
Matter. • Type of answer: closed.


CMCT. – Correct: endothermic: 1 point.
– Incorrect: exothermic: 0 points.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
Application.
2


CMCT.
– Correct: a): 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Incorrect: d) or b) or c): 0 points.
Analysis.
3

COMPETENCES
CMCT and CL. – Correct: d): 1 point.
– Incorrect: anything else: 0 points.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
Analysis.
4

CMCT and SIEP. – Correct: the answer should include the risks of using ammonium nitrate,
exposing hazards and safety precautions about not puncturing or opening
COGNITIVE DOMAIN the bag: 1 point.
– Partially correct: only includes the risks or only the precautions: 0.5 points.
Create.
– Incorrect: neither specifies the risks nor the precautions: 0 points.
5

COMPETENCES
CMCT and SIEP. – Correct: an argument based on the environmental risks of the exposure of
ammonium nitrate once the bag containing it has decomposed: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
– Incorrect: argues in an inaccurate way, indicating the need for more
Analysis. information: 0 points.
3
5 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................
THE EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN

In the eighties of the last century, some monumental statues of great antiquity
were removed to preserve them from the effects of acid rain. These statues
were made of marble, which is mostly calcium carbonate. The acid rain was
literally eating them.
Acid rain occurs when nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides (the result of burning
fossil fuels) are combined with water to form nitric acid and sulfuric acid, which
are held diluted in raindrops when precipitation occurs, they react with the
calcium carbonate which the monuments are made out of.
However, acid rain has a somewhat lower pH, which is similar to vinegar.
1. Order these acids from highest to lowest strength: sulfuric acid, acetic acid (present in
vinegar) and carbonic acid (from the absorption of carbon dioxide).
............................................................................................................................................
2. Indicate which of these fossil fuel treatments acts as a measure to avoid the occurrence
of acid rain:
a) Refining.
b) Polymerization.
c) Desulphurisation.
3. What effect will non-acid rain water have on a piece of marble?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
4. What will happen if a piece of marble is submerged in vinegar, of a pH similar to that of

acid rain?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
5. Think of an experiment to check the effects of acid rain on a piece of marble. Indicate
what materials you would use, what tests you would perform and what quantities you
would measure.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
2
Correction Guide
1
Matter. • Type of answer: closed.


CMCT. – Correct: sulfuric acid, acetic acid and carbonic acid: 1 point.
– Incorrect: left blank, or any other order: 0 points.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
Knowledge.
2


CMCT. – Correct: c): 1 point.
– Incorrect: a) or b): 0 points.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
Knowledge.
3
Matter. • Type of medium: open.

– Correct: no effect is observed, justifying this fact empirically (the
CMCT and CL.
monuments have not deteriorated in centuries of rain) or explaining it
based on the reactivity of the acid water: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: indicates that no effect will be observed, but gives no
Analysis. explanation: 0.5 points.
– Incorrect: indicates that there is an effect on the marble: 0 points.
4


CMCT and CL. – Correct: indicates that the mass of the marble piece will decrease due to the
reaction of the calcium carbonate with the acetic acid of the vinegar: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: indicates that the piece deteriorates without explaining
Analysis. why: 0.5 points.
– Incorrect: any other unjustified effect: 0 points.
5

– Correct: names laboratory material (beakers, scales, etc.), indicates the type
CMCT.
of experiment and the magnitude measurements (PH and / or mass of the
marble piece): 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN –P artially correct: absence or mistake in one of the three elements of the
Create. question (material, experiments or measurements): 0.5 points.
– Incorrect: limited to a qualitative description: 0 points.
3
6 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................
In 2014, the Directorate General for Traffic (DGT) published a document entitled
Alcohol and driving, in which it is stated that alcohol consumption is one of the risk
factors most frequently involved in traffic accidents, and that out of every ten fatal
accidents, alcohol is involved, in one way or another, in between three and five
of them. We recommend you read the full report; for the moment, answers these
questions.
1. In what percentage of fatal accidents is alcohol involved?
............................................................................................................................................
2. Permitted blood-alcohol levels for drivers in Spain are as follows:
Driver Type In blood (g/L) In exhaled air (mg/L)

In general 0.5 0.25
Novices and professionals 0.3 0.15
Based on this data, point out the correct statements:
a) The relationship between alcohol in blood and expired air is 2 to 1.
b) The relationship between alcohol in blood and expired air is 2000 to 1.
c) New and professional drivers are allowed higher permitted
blood-alcohol (BAC) levels.
d) Drivers, in general, are allowed 5/3 more than novices.
e) It is density that is measured in the permitted blood-alcohol level test.
3. The figure shows the effect of alcohol on stopping distance:
a)
What type of movement does the 50 km/h 90 km/h 130 km/h
vehicle describe in the blue sections?
And in the yellow ones?
14 m
........................................................... 21 m 25 m 37 m 36 m 54 m
15 m
b) For the case of the vehice that is 29 m
15 m
travelling at 90 km/h, calculate, how 36 m
much longer it takes to react under 50 m
the effects of alcohol. 50 m
75 m 100 m 100 m
87 m
whithout alcohol with alcohol

c)
To calculate the data in the figure,
has both vehicles braking with the
same acceleration been taken into Reaction distance
consideration? Braking distance 136 m
Stopping distance
154 m
...........................................................
2
Correction Guide
1
Scientific methodology. • Type of answer: short, elaborated.


CMCT and CL. – Correct: between 30% and 50%: 1 point.
– Incorrect: any other: 0 points.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
Understanding.
2
Scientific methodology. Matter • Type of answer: multiple choice (two correct).


CMCT. – Correct: b) and d): 1 point.
– Partially correct: only b) or only d): 0.5 points.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially incorrect: b) or d), with other/s: 0.25 points.
Knowledge. Analysis. – Incorrect: anything else: 0 points.
3a

COMPETENCES
CMCT. – Correct: blue 8 m.r.u. and yellow 8 m.r.u.a.: 1 point.
– Partially correct: one correct and one incorrect 0.5 points.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
– Incorrect: both incorrect: 0 points.
Analysis. Transference.
3b


CMCT.
– Correct: Dt = 0.48: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: another value, with correct procedure: 0.5 points.
3c


CMCT.
– Correct: same acceleration with correct reasoning: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: same acceleration with partially correct reasoning:
0.5 points.
– Incorrect: different acceleration: 0 points.
3
7 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................
PHYSICAL LAWS OF CARTOONS VS. NEWTON LAWS

As you know, cartoons do not respect the same physical laws that we can observe
in nature. But that does not mean that anything at all can happen in them.
Cartoons are indeed governed by a set of laws that are known as «the physical
laws of cartoons.» Although we could talk about many of them, some are a few:
• Law 1. Any body that is suspended in space will remain in space until made
aware of its situation.
• Law 2. Any body in motion will tend to remain in motion until a solid matter
intervenes suddenly.
• Law 3. All principles of gravity are negated by fear (i.e., scaring someone causes
him to jump impossibly high in the air).
• Law 4: For every vengeance there is an equal and opposite re-vengeance.
1. Which of these cartoon laws might be related to force?
a) The first three. b) 1, 3 and 4.
c) 1 and 3. d) All of them.
2. Join every cartoon law with the Newton’s law that most relates to it.
Cartoon Law’s Newton Law’s

1. Law 1
a) Law of inertia
2. Law 2
b) Fundamental law of dynamics
3. Law 3
c) The law of action-reaction
4. Law 4
3. Match the first part of the cartoon laws to the last part of the phrases below to make them
true to natural law. Indicate which law it refers to.
a) … are always fulfilled. ...................................................................................................
b) … will fall to the ground due to gravity. ........................................................................

c) … uniform until some external force modifies it. ..........................................................
4. Apart from the three laws of Newton, we can find a relationship with another physical law
of universal character. What law is this? Enunciate it.
............................................................................................................................................
5. Look for information on the cause-effect principle and compare it with the principle of
action and reaction. Then, indicate which word should be added to Law 4 of the cartoons
so that it is similar to Newton’s third law.
............................................................................................................................................
2
Correction Guide
1
Movement and force. • Type of answer: closed multiple choice (correct).


CMCT and CL. – Correct: d): 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
Understanding.
2
Movement and force. • Type of answer: closed multiple choice (2 correct).

– Correct: laws 1 and 2 with the law of inertia, law 3 with Newton’s second
CMCT.
law and law 4 with principle of action and reaction: 1 point.
– Partially correct: three correct associations: 0.75 points
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: two correct associations: 0.5 points.
Knowledge. Analysis. – Partially incorrect: one correct association: 0.25 points.
– Incorrect: all incorrect: 0 points.
3
Movement and force. • Type of answer: short, elaborated.

COMPETENCES
CMCT. – Correct: a) with law 3, b) with law 1 and c) with law 2: 1 point.
– Partially correct: one out of three correct: 0.5 points.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
– Incorrect: all three incorrect: 0 points.
Analysis. Transfer.
4
Movement and force. • Type of answer: elaborated, constructed.


CMCT and CL.
– Correct: Newton’s law of universal gravitation (LGU) well stated: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: Newton’s law of universal gravitation (LGU) with errors in the
statement: 0.5 points.
Knowledge.
5

Movement and forces. • Difficulty: high.

CMCT, CL and CD.
– Correct: indicates simultaneity: 1 point.
3
8 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................
While Kepler discovered the laws that bear his name, Galileo was studying the laws
of motion. The problem was studying was, what makes the planets spin? (In those
days, one of the proposed theories was that the planets revolved, because behind
them were invisible angels, flapping their wings and propelling the planets forward
...). Galileo discovered a very remarkable fact about movement, which was essential in
the understanding of these laws. He discovered the principle of inertia: if something
moves, without anything touching it and without any disturbance, it will move eternally,
following a straight line at uniform velocity (why does it keep moving? We do not know,
but it does).
Newton modified this idea, saying that the only way to change the motion of a body is
by using force. If a body increases its velocity, it is because a force has been applied in
the direction of motion. On the other hand, if its movement changes direction, a force
has been applied to it laterally. [...] Thus, Newton added the idea that a force is needed
to change the speed or direction of a body. [...]
The bright idea resulting from these considerations is that no tangential force is needed
to hold a planet in its orbit (angels do not have to fly tangentially), because the planet
would go in that direction anyway. [...]
In other words, due to the principle of inertia, the force necessary to control the motion
of a planet around the Sun is not the force around the Sun, but the Sun itself. (if there
were a force toward the Sun, this could be the angel, of course!).
Physics Volume I: Mechanics, Radiation and Heat
Richard P. Feynman; Robert B. Leighton & Matthew Sands
1. Which scientists appear in the text and what were their most important discoveries in
relation to the celestial mechanics?
2. Which of the following statements expresses the law of Galileo’s inertia?

a) To keep a body moving at a constant speed we must keep applying a resulting force
in the direction in which we want it to move.
b) If we throw a body on a rough surface, the body will eventually stop because of the
friction.
c)
If a body moves without disturbance, it will move eternally with uniform motion and
in a straight line.
3. How does the theory of the invisible angels explain the movement of the planets?
............................................................................................................................................
4. How does Newton explain the motion of the planets?
............................................................................................................................................
5. Complete the following phrases:
a)
If we want to increase the speed of a body we must apply a force in the
.......................................... of the movement.
b) If we want to change the direction of the movement of a body, so that it moves in a
circular motion, we must apply a ................ force to the speed of the body.
c) If we want to .......................................... a body we must apply a force in the same
direction of movement and the opposite direction.
2
Correction Guide
1
Gravitation. • Type of answer: elaborated, constructed.

COMPETENCES
CMCT and CL. – Correct: provides the names and discoveries of the three scientists:
1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: names the three scientists but only names the discoveries
of one or two of them: 0.5 points.
Knowledge.
– Incorrect: only gives the name of the three scientists: 0 points.
2
Gravitation. • Type of answer: closed, multiple choice (2 correct options).


CMCT and CL.
– Correct: indicates b) and c) as correct answers: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: indicates b) or c) as correct answer: 0.5 points.
– Incorrect: indicates a) as correct answer: 0 points.
Understanding.
3


CMCT and CL.
– Correct: provides the theory: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Incorrect: does not provide theory: 0 points.
Understanding the text.
4


CMCT and CL.
– Correct: provides the theory: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Incorrect: does not provide the theory: 0 points.
Understanding the text.

5
Gravitation. • Type of answer: closed, complete.


CMCT and CL.
– Correct: correctly completes the three sentences: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: correctly complete two of the sentences: 0.5 points.
– Incorrect: does not complete any sentences correctly: 0 points.
Reasoning. Application.
3
9 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................
PRESSURE IN OUR LIVES

As you know, the effects produced by forces depend on their intensity, but also on other
factors, such as the time during which they are applied for or the surface which they
are applied to. On this occasion, we will focus on the second of these factors, seeking
an explanation for situations that can be analysed using the concept of pressure. This
will help you toappreciate the connection between physics and your daily life.
1. We will start with a well-known question. Why are snowshoes used to walk
on the snow?
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
2. Imagine now that you are skating with a friend on the frozen surface of a lake, when,
suddenly, the ice breaks under your feet and you fall into the water. How would you
recommend your friend to come to your help?
a) Walking normally on the ice.
b) Sliding his or her feet along the ice, without lifting them up,
to avoid causing pressure variations.
c) Sliding on hands and knees.
d) Lying across the ice.
3. We all know that if we puncture a balloon with a pin, it explodes. If this is so, why doesn’t
the globe in the figure explode, if the pins are sharp?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
4. Why doesn’t the water come out of bird feeders?
a) Due to the electrostatic interaction between the water

pressure and pressure of the plastic.
b) Due to the density difference

between water and air.
c) Due to the pressure of the atmosphere.
d) Due to the pressure of the hydrosphere.
5. You are now ready to respond to the following: how do suction cups work?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
2
Correction Guide
1
Movement and force. Scientific activity. • Type of answer: elaborated, constructed.


CMCT, CEC and CL. – Correct: increases surface and decreases pressure: 1 point.
– Partially correct: increases surface or decreases pressure: 0.5 points.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
Understanding.
2
Movement and force. • Type of answer: multiple choice (one correct).


CMCT.
– Correct: option d): 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Incorrect: any other: 0 points.
Knowledge. Analysis. Transference.
3
Movement and force. Scientific activity. • Type of answer: elaborate, constructed.


CMCT, CEC and CL.
– Correct: decrease pressure: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: the force is distributed: 0.5 points.
4
Movement and force. Scientific activity. • Type of answer: multiple choice (one correct).

CMCT and CEC.
– Correct: option c): 1 point.

5
Movement and forces. Scientific activity. • Type of answer: elaborated, constructed.


CMCT, CEC and CL.
– Correct: speaks about a vacuum and differences in pressure: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: does not speak about a vacuum, but does speak about
atmospheric pressure: 0.5 points.
3
10 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................
Susana wants to deduce the mathematical expression with which the kinetic energy of a
body is represented, and is aware that the first thing she needs to know are the variables
on which that energy depends. Her teacher wants to help her, and gives her a way to find
those variables. She gives Susana two graphs to interpret.
Graph 1
The first graph is based on the speed module variation of an automobile with a 1 000 kg
mass that goes from 50 to 150 km/h in a time of 2 min.
Graph 2
The second graph represents the kinetic energy of different automobiles, with masses
of between 800 and 1 050 kg, all moving at the same constant speed of 100 km / h and
traveling a space of 50 km in a time of 30 min.
Ec (·105J) Ec (·104J)
Graph 1 Graph 2
10 43
9 41
8 39
7 37
6 35
5 33
4 31
3 29
2 27
1
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 v (m/s) 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 m (kg)
1. According to the graphs, which magnitudes depend on the kinetic energy?

a) The space travelled and the time that it takes to travel it.
b) The mass of the body and the speed at which it travels.
c) The speed of displacement and gravity.
d) The mass of the body and the space it travels.
2. According to the previous graphs, what kind of dependence does kinetic energy have
on velocity and mass?
a) Kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass and velocity.
b) Kinetic energy depends on the quadratic form of velocity and the linearly of gravity.
c) T
he kinetic energy is inversely proportional to the square of the velocity and directly
proportional to the mass.
d) Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the square of velocity and mass.
3. In the first graph, how much has the kinetic energy of the body increased in 2 min?
a) 7.7 · 105 J. b) 5.0 · 106 J. c) 107 J. d) 5.0 · 105 J.

4. Analyse graph two, using reason, calculate how much the kinetic energy of a 1 600 kg
car will be worth.
............................................................................................................................................
5. State the theorem of living forces (theorem of kinetic energy) and, from it, deduce the
total work done by the forces that act on the car in graph 1 and that increases its speed
from 50 to 150 km / h.
............................................................................................................................................
2
Correction Guide
1
Mechanical energy. • Type of answer: closed, multiple choice (1 correct option).


CMCT and CL. – Correct: indicates option b) as the correct answer: 1 point.
– Incorrect: does not indicate b) as correct answer: 0 points.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
Interpretation of graphical information.
2
Mechanical energy. • Type of answer: closed multiple choice (1 correct option).


CMCT.
– Correct: indicates option d) as the correct answer: 1 point
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Incorrect: does not indicate d) as correct answer: 0 points.
Interpretation of graphical information.
3
Mechanical energy. • Type of answer: closed multiple choice (1 correct option).


CMCT.
– Correct: indicates option a) as the correct answer: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Incorrect: does not indicate a) as the correct answer: 0 points.
Knowledge. Interpretation of information.
4
Mechanical energy. • Type of answer: open.


CMCT.
– Correct: gives the correct result and explains how he or she got it: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: gives the correct result, but does not explain how:
0.5 points.
Knowledge. Interpretation of information.
– Incorrect: does not give the correct result: 0 points.
5
Mechanical energy and work. • Type of answer: open.


CMCT.
– Correct: states the theorem and calculates the work correctly: 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Partially correct: states the theorem, but is not able to calculate the work:
0.5 points.
Knowledge. Reasoning.
– Incorrect: does not state the theorem or calculate the work: 0 points.
3
11 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................
Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................
WATER. A VERY PARTICULAR SUBSTANCE
Although water is a very abundant Physical properties of water

substance and it seems so familiar
Melting temperature 0 °C
to us, it actually has some very
peculiar properties that make Boiling temperature 100 °C
it unique. For example, it is the Maximum density 1 g/cm3
only substance whose solid floats
Maximum density temperature 4 °C
in its liquid, its dissolving power
is exceptional, and its thermal Specific heat 1 cal/g °C
properties also make it different. Heat of fusion 80 cal/g
The following table shows some
Heat of vaporisation 540 cal/g
of the physical properties of water.
1. Do the melting and boiling temperatures always take the values in the table or do you
have to take into account other factors?
............................................................................................................................................
2. In a lake, where the temperature of the water ranges between 0 and 4 °C according to
zones, where will we find the water that has got a temperature of 4 °C
a) On the surface.
b) In the deepest part.
c) In the middle depth.
d) Mixed in with the other temperatures.
3. In nature we don’t find pure water. Which of its properties does this fact relate to?
............................................................................................................................................
4. Is the energy required to transform 1 L of water into water vapour by evaporation less,
equal or greater than boiling it?
a) Less.
b) Equal.
c) Greater.
d) It depends on the temperatures from which it starts.
5. The specific heat of water is very high compared to that of other substances. Because the
area of water is bigger than the land, there are breezes in coastal areas ranging from the
sea in the direction of the land during the day. The opposite happens at night. What heat
mechanism are the breezes relate to?
............................................................................................................................................
2
Correction Guide
1
Matter. Energy. • Type of answer: elaborated, constructed.

CMCT and CL. • Correction criteria:
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Correct: relates to pressure: 1 point.
Knowledge. – Incorrect: any other answer: 0 points.
2
Matter. Energy. • Type of answer: multiple choice (1 correct option).

– Correct: option b): 1 point.
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
3
Matter. Energy. • Type of answer: elaborated, short.

CMCT and CEC. • Correction criteria:
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Correct: the power of water as a solvent: 1 point.
Knowledge. Analysis. – Incorrect: any other answer: 0 points.
4
Energy. • Type of answer: multiple choice (1 correct option).

COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Correct: option d): 1 point.
Knowledge. Analysis – Incorrect: any other answer: 0 points.

5
Energy. • Type of answer: elaborated, short.

CMCT and CEC. • Correction criteria:
COGNITIVE DOMAIN – Correct: convection: 1 point.
Knowledge. Transference. – Incorrect: any other: 0 points.

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U.I. Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................

Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................

THE LAYERS OF THE EARTH

c) 5.54 · 1012 kg/m3

d) None of the above

2. We know about the structure of the Velocity of seismic waves (km/s)

4. As you studied in previous courses, magnetism is due to the movement of electrical

5. Is the subject of these activities based on the characteristics of scientific knowledge?

Scientific methodology. Matter. • Type of answer: multiple choice (one correct).

COMPETENCES • Maximum score: 1 point.

Scientific Methodology. • Type of answer: short, elaborated.

COMPETENCES • Maximum score: 1 point.

Scientific methodology. Matter. • Type of answer: short, elaborated.

COMPETENCES • Maximum score: 1 point.

Scientific methodology. Energy. • Type of answer: elaborated, constructed.

COMPETENCES • Maximum score: 1 point.

Scientific methodology. • Type of answer: elaborated, constructed.

1 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................

Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................

THE UPDATED PERIODIC TABLE

a) [Rn] 7s2 5f 14 6d 10 7p1

b) [Rn] 7s2 5f 14 6d 10 7p2

c) [Rn] 7s2 6d 10 7p2

d) [Rn] 7s2 6d 10 7p1

Matter. • Type of answer: open.

COMPETENCES • Maximum score: 1 point.

Matter. • Type of answer: closed multiple choice (1 correct option).

COMPETENCES • Maximum score: 1 point.

Matter. • Type of answer: open.

Matter. • Type of answer: open.

COMPETENCES • Maximum score: 1 point.

Matter. • Type of answer: open.

COMPETENCES • Maximum score: 1 point.

2 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................

Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................

d) None of the above answers.

2. To fix the plug socket they need to unscrew it

a) A metal clamp. c) A kitchen mitt.

b) A wooden cork. d) A damp tea towel.

Matter. • Type of answer: closed multiple choice (1 correct choice).

COMPETENCES • Maximum score: 1 point.

Matter. • Type of answer: open.

COMPETENCES • Maximum score: 1 point.

Matter. • Type of answer: closed multiple choice (several correct options).

Matter. • Type of answer: open.

COMPETENCES • Maximum score: 1 point.

Matter. • Type of answer: open.

3 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................

Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................

2. Another widely used compound is linalool. This

Matter. • Type of answer: recognition and deduction of formulas.

Application. – Partially correct: one of the formulas H H O H

Matter. • Type of answer: closed multiple choice (1 correct choice).

Matter. • Type of answer: recognition of different functional groups.

Matter. • Type of answer: open.

4 Name and surname: ....................................................................................................................................................................................

Course: ........................................................................................................ Date: ....................................................................................

1. Indicate if the solution of ammonium nitrate in water is an endothermic or exothermic

a) +26,2 kJ · mol–1 · K–1

Matter. • Type of answer: closed multiple choice (several correct options).

Application. – Partially correct: one of the formulas H H O H

c) New and professional drivers are allowed higher permitted