The Capability of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) as Anti-Interveinal Chlorosis for Tomato

(Solanum lycopersicum) plant

A Thesis

Presented to the

College of Agriculture

Southern Luzon State University

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements of BIO-01

General Ecology (Laboratory)

Proponents:

Joepet Jerome S. Jaro

Andrea Pauline J. Lagdameo

Nemenz Morresy V. Fabrea

Cedric Aldrin Vertucio

BS Environmental Science II

September 2019
 Chapter 1

Introduction

a. Background of the study

Plants are integral part of us humans. In 2017, Education Science Tips cited that

plants are the main source of food of humans and unlike us and animals; they

manufacture their own food through the process of photosynthesis in mostly green leaves.

The by-product of which are the food that we consume in order for us to supply the

needed nutrients of our body and to survive. But there is a certain complication when it

comes to plant growth which is the leaves discoloration due to insufficiency in

Magnesium (Mg) and that is interveinal chlorosis. Interveinal chlorosis is being defined

as the more specific type of chlorosis where the veins of a leaf remain green but the leaf

material between the veins becomes pale, yellow, or yellowish-green. Furthermore,

according to Uchida in 2000, chlorophyll molecule, the deficiency symptom of

interveinal chlorosis first appears in older leaves. Leaf tissue between the veins may be

yellowish, bronze, or reddish, while the leaf veins remain green. With that being said,

chlorophyll will likely to be unavailable for that certain plant causing to die eventually.

This will let the production of fresh air and food be decreased by having less number of

surviving Solanum lycopersicum plants.

The purpose of this research is to test and affirm if Spinacia oleracea’s extracts

can help those Solanum lycopersicum plants to cure their interveinal chlorosis problem.

Spinacia oleracea’s extracts will serve as anti-interveinal chlorosis here paving its way to

help Solanum lycopersicum plants who suffers interveinal chlorosis to survive. Another
 purpose of this is to formulate new way in treating interveinal chlorosis problem of

Solanum lycopersicum plants naturally.

The proponents wants to investigate this problem because it’s beneficial in a way

that it concerns a crucial need of humans and the proponents wanted to help out all those

people whose concern is to revive Solanum lycopersicum plants and not just leave it there

and die. This is way beneficial also as we speak of ecological impacts for it fall under the

realms of disturbance. This means that a natural-occurring complication will be resolve

by a product of nature too. Disturbance is something that the proponents want to adhere

for it will be essential to Solanum lycopersicum plants.

The research findings will help out all farmers and the Department of Agriculture

(DA) to use natural way in treating interveinal chlorosis of Solanum lycopersicum plants

rather than using chemical ways and compounds leading to more serious health and

agricultural complication when it comes to treating interveinal chlorosis problem of

Solanum lycopersicum plants and maybe to other families of green-leafy plant species.

Another is that, it will help those household who plants Solanum lycopersicum plants to

do the reviving on their own having the extracts of Spinacia oleracea which can be found

elsewhere in their respective places.

b. Purpose of the Research

I. General Purpose (General objective)

1. To prove and justify if Spinacia oleracea extracts can be used as anti-

interverinal chlorosis for Solanum lycopersicum.

 II. Specific Purposes (Specific objectives)

This study aims to:

1. Identify which component of Spinacia oleracea is useful in domineering their

problem associated with interveinal chlorosis.

2. Observe the changes among variables present in the study and predict if

Spinacia oleracea can really be used as anti-interveinal chlorosis for Solanum

lycopersicum plants.

3. Produce factual and accurate observation of the variables involved in the

study and provide the appropriate way of getting its statistical treatment.

4. Explain the changes happened among variables and formulate the best

conclusion to wrap up the study.

5. Add and expound other related topics associated with the study

c. Research Questions

The following are the questions that the researchers provided serving as their

guide in the study proper:

1. Does the extracts of Spinacia oleracea can create a good effect on the life of

Solanum lycopersicum

2. Is there any difference among variables included in the study as the time of

observation passed by?

3. By how many infected leaves does the set-up with Spinacia oleracea extracts

can be cured more than without its extracts?

 4. By how many leaves does the set-up Spinacia oleracea extracts can produce

more than without its extracts?

5. By how many cm does the set-up with Spinacia oleracea adds more than

without its extracts?

6. By how high the overall outlook does the set-up with Spinacia oleracea

extracts can be seen more than without its extracts?

d. Hypotheses

 Ha: If Spinacia oleracea extracts are sprayed Solanum lycopersicum plants, then it

will cure its problem associated with interveinal chlorosis.

 H0: If Spinacia oleracea extracts are sprayed Solanum lycopersicum plants, then it

will not cure its problem associated with interveinal chlorosis.

e. Theoretical Framework

The Capability of Spinach (Spinacia

oleracea) as Anti-Interveinal
Chlorosis for Tomato (Solanum
lycopersicum)

DEPENDENT VARIABLE PROCESS

Observation of set-ups and predicting IMPLICATIONS
Solanum lycopersicum plants some changes that both set-ups
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE undergo. Ipomoea aquatica’s extracts can be used as
Solving for the statistical treatment an anti-interveinal chlorosis for Solanum
Spinacia oleracea extracts lycopersicum plants.
that set-ups are in.
f. Significance of the Study

The study will be beneficial for it address all problems associated with Solanum

lycopersicum. The study will not only affect all the farmers who plant Solanum

lycopersicum, but also to those concern is to have a lot of numbers of Solanum

lycopersicum plant crops in order to avoid insufficiency when it comes to supply of this

kind of plant. Since the study focuses about a vital and essential concept which is the

plant, there are a lot of sectors and group of people who’ll benefit with this research study

namely:

a.) The farmers- They’ll have new way of solving their problems when it comes to

treating dying Solanum lycopersicum plants and that is the extracts of Spinacia

oleracea. They’ll have a hope to produce more crops avoiding the so called “dying of

plants” because of the components of water spinach that is tool in domineering

interveinal chlorosis complication.

b.) DA (Department of Agriculture)- they’ll also benefit to this by having a new solution

to address the problem when it comes to dying plants.

c.) The humanity- By having the extracted Water spinach, they can now do the reviving

of the Solanum lycopersicum plants themselves no caning that they can help to the

survival process of everySolanum lycopersicum plant and in return, will give them

fresh air and food at the same time.

d.) Country’s economy- By having the survived Solanum lycopersicum plant, we can

now have a large number of its supplies to the point that we’ll no longer suffer

insufficiency when it comes to Solanum lycopersicum plants

 The study can really help almost all sector of life present in society. This can

really be a new way of treating complications associated with Solanum lycopersicum

interveinal chlorosis situation. The researchers themselves are eager and motivated

enough to produce true and accurate results paving its way to let the written benefits and

significance is real and factual.

g. Statement of Desired Outcomes

Since the study tackles about an integral concept of life which is the plant, the

researcher desires to produce and have the following outcomes:

1. Knowing which component of Spinacia oleracea helped the Solanum

lycopersicum plant to survive if it will survive its problem associated with its

insufficiency in magnesium content.

2. Have a clear and factual data of the changes among variables as the research

goes on

3. To produce the right way of getting the statistical treatment of the variables in

the study and getting near and accurate results

4. Explain the overall process why the survival happened if it will and

concluding the overall data gathered and comprehended that will wrap-up the

study.
h. Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study focuses on the Spinacia oleracea’s capability to be used as anti-

interveinal chlorosis for Solanum lycopersicum plants only. The study do not ought to test

all plants and just focuses on one a specific plant which is Solanum lycopersicum ionly in

order to fully elaborate what will happen to the plant if acted upon by the extracts of

Spinacia oleracea.

The study includes the observation of changes among the variables included in the

process of research. But it does only include the number of leaves, height of the plant,

and the plant color as the basics of what should be examined on a plant. The study will

not cover the added chlorophyll content to the Solanum lycopersicum plant.

The study will use the ready for cooking Spinacia oleracea or the matured one

that will be steamed first before extracting.

i. Definition of terms

 Chlorophyll- is a green pigment found in plants. Plants use chlorophyll and light to

make food.

 Interveinal chlorosis- refers to a more specific type of this condition where the veins

of a leaf remain green but the leaf material between the veins becomes pale,

yellow, or yellowish-green.

 Magnesium- is an indispensable element for a.o. plants. In plants, it represents a

building block for chlorophyll (leaf green), it is essential for photosynthesis.

 Solanum lycopersicum- Tomato plant

 Spinacia oleracea- Spinach plant

 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

A. Spinacia oleracea

B. Solanum lycopersicum

C. Interveinal chlorosis

D. Magnesium deficiency in plants

E. Magnesium’s effect to plant

F. Magnesium content of Spinacia oleracea

G. Interveinal chlorosis of Solanum lycopersicum

Chapter 3

Materials and Methods

A. Materials

B. Procedure

C. Sampling Design

D. Data Analysis Plan

E. Research Paradigm