A

SYNOPSIS
On PROJECT
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
SMART GRID SYSTEM
Submitted by
AMAN SHUKLA (1543120006)
DEVENDRA PRATAP SINGH (1543120020)
DHANANJAY VERMA (1543120021)
DIVYANSHU SINGH (1543120024)
JAGRITI MISHRA (1543120029)
SHREYA (1543120049)
In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
Of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Under the guidance of
Dr. ABHISHEK MISHRA
Submitted to
Mr. SUSHIL KUMAR

B.N.COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW

DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, UTTAR PRADESH
LUCKNOW

Sept. 2018
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my profound sense of gratitude and respect to all those
who helped me in this project.

Firstly, I would like to protract my gratitude to Dr. Ashutosh Dwivedi (Director) & Dr. Abhishek
Mishra (Asst. Director and H.O.D. E.E. Dept.) of BNCET, and all the faculty members of
department for their valuable guidance in this project.

This project has seen its present day with the inspiration and guidance provided by Mr. Sushil
Kumar (Asst. Prof. E.E. Dept.) the project in charge under whose guidance I carried out the
present work.

At the end, I would like to say thanks to all the members of library & practical labs for providing
the valuable information related to this project.

Above all I thank Almighty God for his manifold benevolences to carry out the study successfully.

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 CERTIFICATE

The undersigned certify that they have read and recommended to the Department of
Electrical Engineering for acceptance, a project report entitled “SMART GRID” submitted by

Aman Shukla (1543120006)

Devendra Pratap Singh (1543120020),
Dhananjay Verma (1543120021)
Divyanshu Singh (1543120024)
Jagriti Mishra (1543120029)
Shreya (1543120049)

Of B.Tech. Final year, E.E. In partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Electrical Engineering. Session: 2018-19.

Mr. Sushil Kumar Dr. Abhishek Mishra

Project In-charge Assistant Director and
Department of Electrical Engineering Head of Electrical Department
B.N.College of Engg. & Technology, B.N.College of Engg. & Technology,
Lucknow Lucknow

Date of Submission:

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 ABSTRACT

Smart Grid is refers to technology which intelligently links electrical elements to electric
grid. This provides essential basis of information accessible to both electricity providers and
consumers. Smart Grid technology has very good scope in future. This is because it helps to
prevent the degradation of environmental quality for human survival. For solution to the problem
of greenhouse effect Smart grid helps to reduce CO2 emissions by integrating renewable energy
resources to the conventional sources of electricity generation. This system helps to reduce
dependency over the conventional energy resources. It provides necessary upgrades to the existing
power system and networks to meet the consumer power requirements. Smart Grid helps to
regulate and control the Main Grid (Conventional Grid). It provides a reliable infrastructure to the
electric grid enabling improving generation, transmission and distribution efficiently. It provides
a common platform for energy monitoring data to both utility and consumer with the help of Smart
Meters. The energy consumption data is sent wirelessly using microcontrollers and IoT
Technologies. This results to both utility and user end satisfaction. Smart grid is committed to
improve economy of the nation by decreasing additional power budget for maintenance of existing
grid.

KEYWORDS: Smart Grid, Conventional Grid, Main Grid, Microcontroller, Smart Meter,
Internet of Things (IoT).

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i

CERTIFICATE ii

ABSTRACT iii

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. WORKING OF SMART GRID SYSTEM 2

3. DESIGN OF SMART GRID SYSTEM 3

4. OBJECTIVE 4

5. COST ESTIMATION 5

6. ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS 6

7. APPLICATIONS AND SCOPE 7

8. REFERENCES 8

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 1. INTRODUCTION

Smart grid is an integrated network of distributed energy resources. To meet the ever
increasing demand of electricity conventional grid have to simultaneously operate with smart grid.
Smart grid includes smart communication, power flow, ease of operation and monitoring.
Smart grid effectively implements information technology to the Conventional grid.
Power cut in present scenario affecting our power availability to the small domestic and industrial
consumers connected to the electric grid (Main Grid).Smart grid technology provides control and
integration of various small renewable sources ensures power availability up to 24x7. Smart grid
is monitor able to both utility and end users. With the integration of wireless communication
technologies to smart grid utilities can monitor power uses by consumers and power theft also by
using Smart Meters. The power uses data is available to consumers for their satisfaction and helps
them to do energy audit and energy management. Using Smart Grid technology utilities can make
the list of blacklisted consumers to cut off their electricity connection in case of not paying their
electricity bills on dated. With the implication of IoT (Internet of Things) in Smart Grid the user
is able to control their home appliance by smart phones when they are not in use or become faulty.
Smart Grid is combination of digital technology and electricity grid. With the help of islanding
technique utilities are able to supply the peak load demand and supply power in power cut
durations. In smart grid technology distributed generation emerges called microgrids. They are
basically the local grid of renewable energy resources. There are three types of microgrids: AC
microgrids, DC microgrids, and Hybrid microgrids. Our proposed system is a hybrid microgrid.
That it include both ac and dc generation and utilization. Smart Grid also includes protective
features by using intelligent electronic devices along with smart relays, circuit breakers, phase
measurement units etc. Smart grid includes wide area measurement and control (WAMC) for
power management in large geographical area known as Graphical Information System (GIS).

Smart Grid includes following features to the conventional (main) grid:

Fast operation, Reliability, Automatic Grid operations, Greater Flexibility, Remotely operable,
Higher Load Response, Wide Area Application, Smart Devices (Sensors, Meters, Storage
etc.),Less dependency on fossil fuels, Highly Economic, Hybrid Systems (HVDC & HVAC),Eco-
friendly and almost no emissions.

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 2. WORKING OF SMART GRID SYSTEM

This project aims at designing and developing a Smart Grid prototype. Project mainly
focuses on grid monitoring and operations. This prototype includes automatic control over the grid,
And manually when needed (when automatic operation fails).
The system consists of four parts:

1. Generation Unit: Wind turbine, Solar Panels.

2. Controlling Unit: Microcontroller.
3. Transmission Unit: DC to AC Converter (Inverter).
4. Utilization Unit: Houses and Street.

Generation unit generates power with renewable energy resources (Wind and Solar). Generated
power goes to Utilization Unit (Local and Main Grid).

Controlling unit is Preprogrammed Embedded Microcontroller that monitors and controls the
grid. It measures power generation through various Generating Units and performs automatic
switching operations according to optimum electricity generation. Microcontroller decides number
of generating units have work simultaneously to deliver the power requirement of the grid.
Microcontroller sends command to charges battery when Main Grid burden is low. It also
interfaces communication devices such as Wi-Fi to provide monitoring and control facility.
Charged Storage Systems helps to resupply the stored energy to the Local and Main Grid.

Transmission Unit is a part of Main Grid that supplies electricity. With the use of Smart grid
bidirectional flow of power is possible i.e. grid to consumer and consumer to grid.

Utilization Unit includes local and Main Grid. Local Grid supplies electricity to the domestic
consumers. They are capable of utilizing electricity and feeding power back to the Main Grid.

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 3. DESIGN OF SMART GRID SYSTEM

Following figure shows the complete drawing of smart grid system. While designing the physical
appearance as well as the operating blocks both are considered. Hence this system is able to
manage the power according to the user requirement. Following components are used in Smart
Grid System:

 DC Motor – 5 watt, DC power, 12V, 0.5amp current.

 Shaft – Dia.- near about 0.5-1 cm
 Airfoil Wings
 Solar Panels 21.87cm X 24.42cm
 Transformer 12-0-12 (5 amps)
 Poles (Wooden)
 Wire
 Houses (Cardboards and Thermocol)
 Joints & Fixtures
 Controllers (Arduino mega)
 Converters (Rectifier)
 Wi-Fi Module (ESP 8266)

Fig. 1. Architecture of Proposed System

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 Fig. 2. Dimension description of smart grid system

4. OBJECTIVE

 More efficient electricity production, distribution and utilization.

 Faster restoration of electricity after power failure.
 Reduced energy costs for utilities, and ultimately lower power costs for consumers.
 Peak demand management, which will also help lower electricity rates.
 Increased integration of renewable energy resources.
 Better integration of customer-owner communication systems, resulting both end
satisfaction.
 Improved security against power theft.

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 5. COST ESTIMATION

S.NO. COMPONENTS COST IN ₹ (approx.)

1. DC Motor (BLDC) 650
2. Shaft 100
3. Supports 150
4. Fan airfoil 120
5. Solar Panel 850
6. Battery 930

7. Electronic Components 750

8. Electrical Components 650
9. Jio-Fi 1000
10. ESP 8266 230
11. CH340 USB to Serial 220
12. Wood & Hardware 400
13. Wire 350
14. Connectors and Contactors 350
15. Arduino Mega 890
16. Transformer 5A 430
17. Bulbs and LEDs 100
18. PC Fans 650
19. ICs and PCBs 1500
20. Model Cost 1500
21. Miscellaneous cost 2500
Total Cost 14320/-

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 6. ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

Advantages:-
 Fast operation
 Reliability
 Automatic Grid operations
 Greater Flexibility
 Remotely operable
 Higher Load Response
 Wide Area Application
 Smart Devices (Sensors, Meters, Storage etc.)
 Less dependency on fossil fuels
 Highly Economic for large scale implementation
 Hybrid Systems (HVDC & HVAC)
 Eco-friendly and almost no emissions

Limitations:-
 Cost of implementation is more for small scale systems.
 Requires higher Skill and Knowledge for User.
 Data and Server securities required to prevent malfunction of Smart Grid caused by
Hackers.
 System Sensitivity is very high.
 Increment in power system complexity.

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 7. APPLICATIONS AND SCOPE

 In the near future there will be large scale implementation of smart grid projects.
 Initially there is requirement of huge investments and regulations but in long run, wide
spread of the smart grid from every business to every home just like the internet.
 India Smart Grid Task Force (ISGTF) initiates pilot projects in eight different locations
over the next 18 months, with a total cost of $132 million ( ₹600 crore).
 Asian Development Bank to lend India $759 million.
 NDPL receives $686,447 grant for Smart Grid project.
 Bangalore Electricity Supply Company (BESCOM) has been chosen as the distribution
utility that will implemented the first pilot project of smart grid in India.
 A smart micro-grid using only renewable energy sources has been commissioned at The
Energy Research Institute’s (TERI), Gurgaon campus.
 Smart Grid is an innovating technology to provide next generation power grid and is
promoted by many governments as a way of addressing energy independence, global
warming and emergency resilience issues.

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 8. REFERENCES

[1]. U.S. Dept. Energy, Benefits of Demand Response in Electricity Markets and
Recommendations for Achieving Them, Washington, DC, USA, report to the United States
Congress, Feb. 2006.
[2]. M. A. Green, “Third Generation Photovoltaics: Advanced Solar Energy Conversion”,
Springer series in photonics 12, April 2006.
[3]. http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/consumer/solar_electricity/basics/cells_modules_arrays.htm
[4]. https://www.powergridindia.com/sites/default/files/Our_Business/Smart_Grid/Vol_1.pdf
- Transmission Plan for Envisaged Renewable Capacity.
[5]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_grid - Smart Grid.
[6]. https://www.techopedia.com/definition/692/smart-grid - Definition of Smart Grid.
[7]. http://www2.epri.com/Our-Work/Pages/Distributed-Electricity-Resources.aspx
[8]. K.C. Budka et al., “Communication Networks for Smart Grids: Making Smart Grid Real”,
Computer Communications and Networks, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-6302-2__5.
[9]. Stuart Borlase; “Smart Grids: Infrastructure, Technology, and Solutions”, Electric Power
and Energy Engineering.

[10]. Janaka Ekanayake et al, “Smart Grid Technology and Applications”, A John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd., Publication.

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 PERT CHART

Project Progress

10% 2% 8% 24-29 Aug.

1-7 Sept.
10%
9-12 Sept. (2018)
30% 13-18 Sept. (2018)
15%
24 Sept. - 28 Oct. (2018)
10 Feb. - 15 Apr. (2019)
25% 16 Apr. - 10 May (2019)

PERT TABLE
S.NO. PERIOD WORK DESCRIPTION
1. 24 Aug. 2018 to 29 Aug. 2018 Finalized project title, searched information
related of this project, collected necessary data for
design.
2. 1 Sept. 2018 to 7 Sept. 2018 Making Abstract on Project named “Smart Grid”.

3. 9 Sept. 2018 to 12 Sept. 2018 Making the proposed design.

4. 13 Sept. 2018 to 18 Sept. 2018 Design of modification on exiting system.

5. 24 Sept. 2018 to 28 Oct. 2018 Purchasing and collection of Equipment and other
components.
6. 10 Feb. 2019 to 15 April 2019 Actual modification and implementation and
installation of components.
7. 16 April 2019 to 10 May 2019 Report writing.

*PERT: Program Evaluation Review Technique.