LS430 — NEW FEATURES 9

4. Evaporative Emission Control System

General

The evaporative emission control system prevents the vapor gas that is created in the fuel tank from being
released directly into the atmosphere.
 The charcoal canister stores the vapor gas that has been created in the fuel tank.
 The ECM controls the EVAP valve in accordance with the driving conditions in order to direct the vapor
gas into the engine, where it is burned.
 In this system, the ECM checks the evaporative emission leak and outputs DTC (Diagnostic Trouble
Codes) in the event of a malfunction. An evaporative emission leak check consists of an application of
a vacuum pressure to the system and monitoring the changes in the system pressure in order to detect
a leakage.
 This system consists of an EVAP valve, charcoal canister, refueling valve, pump module, and ECM.
 An ORVR (Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery) function is provided in the refueling valve.
 The pressure sensor has been included to the pump module.
 An air filter has been provided on the fresh air line. This air filter is maintenance-free.
 The EVAP service port has been removed.
 The following are the typical conditions for enabling an evaporative emission leak check:
• Five hours have elapsed after the engine has been turned OFF*.
• Altitude: Below 2400 m (8000 feet)
Typical Enabling • Battery Voltage: 10.5 V or more
Condition • Ignition switch: OFF
• Engine Coolant Temperature: 4.4 to 35°C (40 to 95°F)
• Intake Air Temperature: 4.4 to 35°C (40 to 95°F)

*: If engine coolant temperature does not drop below 35°C (95°F), this time should be extended to 7 hours.
Even after that, if the temperature is not less than 35°C (95°F), the time should be extended to 9.5 hours.

Service Tip
The pump module performs fuel evaporative emission leakage check. This check is done approximately
five hours after the engine is turned off. So you may hear sound coming from underneath the vehicle
near the luggage compartment for several minutes. It does not indicate a malfunction.
• Pinpoint pressure test procedure is adopted by pressurizing the fresh air line that runs from the pump
module to the air filler neck. For details, see the 2006 LEXUS LS430 Repair Manual (Pub. No.
RM00B0U).
10 LS430 — NEW FEATURES

System Diagram

To IN Manifold
Refueling Valve

EVAP Valve
Restrictor
Passage

Fuel Tank Pump Module

Charcoal
Canister
Canister
Purge Air Line Air Filter Vent
Valve
Fresh Air Line
M
Vacuum Pump
ECM & Pump Motor
P
Pressure Sensor

060XA15C

Layout of Main Component

Front

Fuel Tank

Charcoal Canister

Air Filter

Pump Module 030LS04C

 LS430 — NEW FEATURES 11

Function of Main Component

Component Function
Contains activated charcoal to absorb the vapor gas that is crated in the
Charcoal Canister
fuel tank.
Controls the flow rate of the vapor gas from the fuel tank to the charcoal
canister when the system is purging or during refueling.
Refueling Valve
Restrictor Prevents a large amount of vacuum during purge operation or system
Passage monitoring operation from affecting the pressure in the fuel tank.
Fresh air goes into the charcoal canister and the cleaned drain air goes
Fresh Air Line
out into the atmosphere.
Canister Vent Opens and closes the fresh air line in accordance with the signals from
Valve the ECM.
Vacuum Pump & Applies vacuum pressure to the evaporative emission system in
Pump Module
Pump Motor accordance with the signals from the ECM.
Detects the pressure in the evaporative emission system and sends the
Pressure Sensor
signals to the ECM.
Opens in accordance with the signals from the ECM when the system is
purging, in order to send the vapor gas that was absorbed by the charcoal
EVAP Valve
canister into the intake manifold. In system monitoring mode, this valve
controls the introduction of the vacuum into the fuel tank.
Air Filter Prevents dust and debris in the fresh air from entering the system.
Controls the pump module and the EVAP valve in accordance with the
signals from various sensors, in order to achieve a purge volume that suits
ECM
the driving conditions. In addition, the ECM monitors the system for any
leakage and outputs a DTC if a malfunction is found.
12 LS430 — NEW FEATURES

Construction and Operation

1) Refueling Valve

The refueling valve consists of chamber A, chamber B, and the restrictor passage. A constant atmospheric
pressure is applied to chamber A.
 During refueling, the internal pressure of the fuel tank increases. This pressure causes the refueling
valve to lift up, allowing the fuel vapors to enter the charcoal canister.
 The restrictor passage prevents the large amount of vacuum that is created during purge operation or
system monitoring operation from entering the fuel tank, and limits the flow of the vapor gas from the
fuel tank to the charcoal canister. If a large volume of vapor gas recirculates into the intake manifold,
it will affect the air-fuel ratio control of the engine. Therefore, the role of the restrictor passage is to help
prevent this from occurring.

Chamber A

Fresh Air
Line
Refueling
Valve (Open)
Chamber B
Charcoal
Canister

From Fuel To Fuel

Tank Tank

Positive Pressure
Internal Pressure (Fuel Tank Pressure)
Restrictor
Passage
Negative Pressure
030LS05C
(Intake Manifold Pressure)

During Refueling During Purge Operation or

System Monitoring Operation

2) Fuel Inlet (Fresh Air Inlet)

In accordance with the change of structure of the evaporative emission control system, the location of a
fresh air line inlet has been changed from the air cleaner section to the near fuel inlet. The flesh air from
the atmosphere and drain air cleaned by the charcoal canister will go in and out of the system through the
passage shown below.
Fuel Tank Cap
Fresh Air

To Charcoal Canister

Cleaned Drain Air

Fuel Inlet Pipe

228TU119
 LS430 — NEW FEATURES 13

3) Pump module

Pump module consists of the canister vent valve, pressure sensor, vacuum pump, and pump motor.
 The canister vent valve switches the passages in accordance with the signals received from the ECM.
 A DC type brushless motor is used for the pump motor.
 A vane type vacuum pump is used.

Canister Vent Valve

Fresh Air
Fresh Air Pressure Sensor

Pump Motor

Vacuum Pump

Pressure Sensor
D13N15

Charcoal Canister
D13N16

Simple Diagram 

Pump Module

Canister Vent
Valve (OFF)
Fresh Air

Filter
To Charcoal
M Canister
Vacuum Pump
& Pump Motor
P
Pressure Sensor Filter

Reference Orifice
[0.5 mm, (0.020 in.) Diameter]

060XA16C
14 LS430 — NEW FEATURES

System Operation

1) Purge Flow Control

When the engine has reached predetermined parameters (closed loop, engine coolant temp. above 80°C
(176°F), etc), stored fuel vapors are purged from the charcoal canister whenever the EVAP valve is opened
by the ECM.
The ECM will change the duty ratio cycle of the EVAP valve, thus controlling purge flow volume. Purge
flow volume is determined by intake manifold pressure and the duty ratio cycle of the EVAP valve.
Atmospheric pressure is allowed into the charcoal canister to ensure that purge flow is constantly
maintained whenever purge vacuum is applied to the charcoal canister.

To IN Manifold
Atmosphere

EVAP Valve
(Open)

ECM

060XA17C

2) ORVR (On-Board Refueling Vapor Recovery)

When the internal pressure of the fuel tank increases during refueling, this pressure causes the diaphragm
in the refueling valve to lift up, allowing the fuel vapors to enter the charcoal canister. Because the canister
vent valve is always open (even when the engine is stopped) when the system is in a mode other than the
monitoring mode, the air that has been cleaned through the charcoal canister is discharged outside the
vehicle via the fresh air line. If the vehicle is refueled in system monitoring mode, the ECM will recognize
the refueling by way of the pressure sensor, which detects the sudden pressure increase in the fuel tank,
and will open the canister vent valve.
Open

Close

060XA18C
 LS430 — NEW FEATURES 15

3) EVAP Leak Check

a. General

The EVAP leak check operates in accordance with the following timing chart:

Timing Chart 

EVAP ON (Open)
Valve OFF (Close)

Canister ON
Vent
Valve OFF (Vent)

ON
Pump Motor
OFF

Atmospheric Pressure

System
Pressure
0.02 in. Pressure

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

060XA19C

Order Operation Description Time

Atmospheric Pressure ECM turns canister vent valve OFF (vent) and measures
1) —
Measurement EVAP system pressure to memorize atmospheric pressure.
Vacuum pump creates negative pressure (vacuum) through
0.02 in. Leak
2) 0.02 in. orifice and the pressure is measured. ECM 20 sec.
Pressure Measurement
determines this as 0.02 in. leak pressure.
Vacuum pump creates negative pressure (vacuum) in EVAP
system and EVAP system pressure is measured. If stabilized
pressure is larger than 0.02 in. leak pressure, ECM Within 15
3) EVAP Leak Check
determines EVAP system has a leak. min.
If EVAP pressure does not stabilize within 15 minutes, ECM
cancels EVAP monitor.
ECM opens EVAP valve and measure EVAP pressure
4) EVAP Valve Monitor 10 sec.
increase. If increase is large, ECM interprets this as normal.
Vacuum pump creates negative pressure (vacuum) through
Repeat 0.02 in. Leak
5) 0.02 in. orifice and pressure is measured. ECM determines 20 sec.
Pressure Measurement
this as 0.02 in. leak pressure.
ECM measures atmospheric pressure and records monitor
6) Final Check —
result.
16 LS430 — NEW FEATURES

b. Atmospheric Pressure Measurement

1) When the ignition switch is turned OFF, the EVAP valve and the canister vent valve are turned OFF.
Therefore, the atmospheric pressure is introduced into the charcoal canister.
2) The ECM measures the atmospheric pressure through the signals provided by the pressure sensor.
3) If the measurement value is out of standards, the ECM actuates the vacuum pump in order to monitor
the changes in the pressure.

Atmosphere
EVAP Valve
(OFF)

Pump Module

Canister Vent
Valve (OFF)

M
ECM Vacuum Pump &
Pump Motor
P
Pressure Sensor

060XA20C

EVAP ON (Open)
Valve OFF (Close)

Canister ON
Vent
OFF (Vent)
Valve
ON
Pump Motor
OFF

Atmospheric Pressure
System Pressure

D13N22

Atmospheric Pressure Measurement

 LS430 — NEW FEATURES 17

c. 0.02 in. Leak Pressure Measurement

1) The canister vent valve remains off, and the ECM introduces atmospheric pressure into the charcoal
canister and actuates the vacuum pump in order to create a negative pressure.
2) At this time, the pressure will not decrease beyond a 0.02 in. pressure due to the atmospheric pressure
that enters through a 0.02 in. diameter reference orifice.
3) The ECM compares the logic value and this pressure, and stores it as a 0.02 in. leak pressure in its
memory.
4) If the measurement value is below the standard, the ECM will determine that the reference orifice
is clogged and store DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) P043E in its memory.
5) If the measurement value is above the standard, the ECM will determine that a high flow rate pressure
is passing through the reference orifice and store DTCs (Diagnostic Trouble Codes) P043F, P2401
and P2402 in its memory.

Atmosphere
EVAP Valve
(OFF)

Pump Module

Canister Vent
Valve (OFF)

M
ECM Vacuum Pump &
Pump Motor
P
Pressure Sensor
Reference Orifice

060XA21C

ON (Open)
EVAP Valve OFF (Close)

ON
Canister
Vent Valve OFF (Vent)

ON
Pump Motor OFF

Atmospheric Pressure

System Pressure

0.02 in. Pressure

0.02 in. Pressure Measurement

060XA22C
18 LS430 — NEW FEATURES

d. EVAP Leak Check

1) While actuating the vacuum pump, the ECM turns ON the canister vent valve in order to introduce
a vacuum into the charcoal canister.
2) When the pressure in the system stabilizes, the ECM compares this pressure and the 0.02 in. pressure
in order to check for a leakage.
3) If the detection value is below the 0.02 in. pressure, the ECM determines that there is no leakage.
4) If the detection value is above the 0.02 in. pressure and near atmospheric pressure, the ECM
determines that there is a gross leakage (large hole) and stores DTC P0455 in its memory.
5) If the detection value is above the 0.02 in. pressure, the ECM determines that there is a small leakage
and stores DTC P0456 in its memory.

Atmosphere

EVAP Valve
(OFF)

Pump Module
Vacuum
Canister Vent
Valve (ON)

M
Vacuum Pump &
ECM Pump Motor
P
Pressure Sensor
Reference Orifice

060XA23C

ON (Open)
EVAP Valve
OFF (Close)

Canister ON
Vent Valve
OFF (Vent)

ON
Pump Motor
OFF

Atmospheric Pressure P0455

System Pressure
P0456

0.02 in. Pressure

Normal

EVAP Leak Check

060XA24C
 LS430 — NEW FEATURES 19

e. EVAP Valve Monitor

1) After completing an EVAP leak check, the ECM turns ON (open) the EVAP valve with the vacuum
pump actuated, and introduces the atmospheric pressure from the intake manifold to the charcoal
canister.
2) If the pressure change at this time is within the normal range, the ECM determines the condition to
be normal.
3) If the pressure is out of the normal range, the ECM will stop the EVAP valve monitor and store DTC
P0441 in its memory.
Atmosphere

Atmosphere

EVAP Valve
(ON)

Pump Module

Canister Vent Valve (ON)

ECM
P
Pressure Sensor

060XA25C

ON (Open)
EVAP Valve
OFF (Close)

Canister ON
Vent Valve OFF (Vent)

ON
Pump Motor
OFF

Atmospheric Pressure

System Pressure
Normal

0.02 in. Pressure

P0441

EVAP Valve Monitor

060XA26C
20 LS430 — NEW FEATURES

f. Repeat 0.02 in. Leak Pressure Measurement

1) While the ECM operates the vacuum pump, the EVAP valve and canister vent valve turns off and
a repeat 0.02 in. leak pressure measurement is performed.
2) The ECM compares the measured pressure with the pressure during EVAP leak check.
3) If the pressure during the EVAP leak check is below the measured value, the ECM determines that
there is no leakage.
4) If the pressure during the EVAP leak check is above the measured value, the ECM determines that
there is a small leakage and stores DTC P0456 in its memory.

Atmosphere
EVAP Valve
(OFF)

Pump Module

Canister Vent
Valve (OFF)

M
Vacuum Pump &
ECM Pump Motor
P
Pressure Sensor
Reference Orifice

060XA27C

ON (Open)
EVAP Valve
OFF (Close)

Canister ON
Vent Valve OFF (Vent)

ON
Pump Motor
OFF

Atmospheric Pressure

System Pressure

P0456
0.02 in. Pressure
Normal

Repeat 0.02 in. Pressure Measurement

060XA28C