Syllabus Math Scie
Syllabus Math Scie
Syllabus Math Scie
DEPARTMET OF MATHEMATICS
B.Sc. (Programme) Physical Sciences/Mathematical Sciences
Introduction
The modern citizen is routinely confronted by a maze of numbers and data of various forms in
today's information-overload world. An increased knowledge of mathematics is essential to be
able to make sense out of this, Mathematics is at the heart of many of today's advancements in
science and technology. Studying mathematics along with physics and chemistry can provide a
firm foundation for further study in a variety of other disciplines. Students who have learned to
logically question assertions, recognize patterns, and distinguish the essential and irrelevant
aspects of problems can think deeply and precisely, nurture the products of their imagination to
fruition in reality, and share their ideas and insights while seeking and benefiting from the
knowledge and insights of others.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Courses *Credits
Theory+ Practical Theory+ Tutorial
=========================================================================
I. Core Courses 12 4 = 48 12 5 = 60
(12 Papers)
Core Course Practical / Tutorial*
Two papers – English
Two papers – MIL
Four papers – Discipline 1.
Four papers – Discipline 2.
Core Course Practical / Tutorial* 12 2 = 24 12 1 = 12
(12 Practicals/Tutorials*)
_________ _________
Total credits: 132 132
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
IV Real Analysis
V SEC-3 DSE-1
(i) Differential
Equations
(with Practicals)
OR
(ii) Mechanics
and Discrete
Mathematics
VI DSE-2
(i) Numerical
Methods
(with Practicals)
OR
(ii) Probability
and Statistics
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Semester-I
Paper I: Calculus and Matrices
Course Objectives: The primary objective of this course is to gain proficiency in differential
calculus, and introduce the basic tools of matrices and complex numbers which are used to solve
application problems in a variety of settings ranging from chemistry and physics to business and
economics. Differential calculus develops the concepts of limit, continuity and derivative, and is
fundamental for many fields of mathematics.
Course Learning Outcomes: This course will enable the students to:
i) Define and use fundamental concepts of calculus including limits, continuity and
differentiability.
ii) Solve systems of linear equations and find eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors
for a square matrix, and check for its diagonalizability.
iii) Perform operations with various forms of complex numbers to solve equations.
Unit 1: Calculus
Graphs of simple basic functions such as: Polynomial, Trigonometric, Inverse trigonometric,
Exponential and logarithmic functions; Limits and continuity of a function including −
approach, Properties of continuous functions including Intermediate value theorem;
Differentiability, Successive differentiation, Leibnitz theorem, Recursion formulae for higher
derivatives; Rolle’s theorem, Lagrange’s mean value theorem with geometrical interpretations
and simple applications, Taylor’s theorem, Taylor’s series and Maclaurin’s series, Maclaurin’s
series expansion of functions such as , sin
, cos
, log(1 +
) and (1 +
) ; their use in
polynomial approximation and error estimation; Functions of two or more variables, Graphs and
level curves of functions of two variables, Partial differentiation up to second order.
Unit 2: Matrices
Elementary row operations, Row reduction and echelon forms, Solution of systems of linear
equations in matrix form, Linear independence and dependence, Rank of a matrix and
applications; Elementary linear transformations like shear, translation, dilation, rotation, refection,
and their matrix form, The matrix of a general linear transformation; Eigenvectors & eigenvalues
of square matrices up to order 3 and diagonalization.
References:
1. Andreescu, Titu & Andrica Dorin. (2014). Complex umbers from A to...Z. (2nd ed.).
Birkhäuser.
2. Anton, Howard, Bivens, Irl, & Davis, Stephen (2013). Calculus (10th ed.). John Wiley &
Sons Singapore Pvt. Ltd. Reprint (2016) by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. Delhi.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
3. Kolman, Bernard, & Hill, David R. (2001). Introductory Linear Algebra with
Applications (7th ed.). Pearson Education, Delhi. First Indian Reprint 2003.
4. Lay, David C., Lay, Steven, R., & McDonald Judi, J. (2016). Linear Algebra and its
Applications (5th ed.). Pearson.
5. Thomas, Jr. George B., Weir, Maurice D., & Hass, Joel (2014). Thomas’ Calculus (13th
ed.). Pearson Education, Delhi. Indian Reprint 2017.
Additional Reading:
i. Prasad, Gorakh (2016). Differential Calculus (19th ed.). Pothishala Pvt. Ltd. Allahabad.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Keywords: Limit, continuity, Differentiability, Mean value Theorems, Taylor’s series, Matrix
operations, Eigenvalues, Fundamental theorem of algebra, De Moivre’s theorem.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Semester-II
Paper II: Calculus and Geometry
Total Marks: 100 (Theory: 75, Internal Assessment: 25)
Workload: 5 Lectures, 1 Tutorial (per week) Credits: 6 (5+1)
Duration: 14 Weeks (70 Hrs.) Examination: 3 Hrs.
Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are to consider applications of derivatives for
sketching of curves and conics and application of definite integrals for calculating volumes of
solids of revolution, length of plane curves and surface areas of revolution which are helpful in
understanding their applications in plenary motion, design of telescope and to many real-world
problems.
Course Learning Outcomes: This course will enable the students to:
i) Sketch curves in a plane using its mathematical properties in the different coordinate
systems of reference.
ii) Compute area of surfaces of revolution and the volume of solids by integrating over
cross-sectional areas.
iii) Be well-versed with conics and quadric surfaces so that they should able to relate the
shape of real-life objects with the curves/conics.
References:
1. Anton, Howard, Bivens, Irl, & Davis, Stephen (2013). Calculus (10th ed.). John Wiley &
Sons Singapore Pvt. Ltd. Reprint (2016) by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. Delhi.
2. Strauss, M. J., Bradley, G. L., & Smith, K. J. (2007). Calculus (3rd ed.). Dorling
Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education). Delhi. Sixth impression 2011.
Additional Reading:
ii. Thomas, Jr. George B., Weir, Maurice D., & Hass, Joel (2014). Thomas’ Calculus (13th
ed.). Pearson Education, Delhi. Indian Reprint 2017.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Keywords: Limit, continuity, Differentiability, Mean value theorems, Taylor’s series, Matrix
operations, Eigenvalues, Fundamental theorem of algebra, De Moivre’s theorem.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Semester-III
Paper III: Algebra
Total Marks: 100 (Theory: 75, Internal Assessment: 25)
Workload: 5 Lectures, 1 Tutorial (per week) Credits: 6 (5+1)
Duration: 14 Weeks (70 Hrs.) Examination: 3 Hrs.
Course Objectives: The objective of this course is to introduce the fundamental theory of
groups, rings and vector spaces, a major part of abstract algebra, which is an essential tool in
number theory, geometry, topology and has applications in cryptography, coding theory,
quantum chemistry and physics.
Course Learning Outcomes: The course will enable the students to:
i) Recognize the mathematical objects that are groups, and classify them as abelian, cyclic
and permutation groups etc.
ii) Explain the significance of the notion of cosets, normal subgroups, and factor groups.
iii) Understand the fundamental concepts of rings, fields and integral domains.
iv) Know about vector spaces over a field, and linear transformations.
Unit 1: Groups
Definition and examples of groups, Abelian and non-abelian groups, The group ℤ of integers
under addition modulo n and the group U(n) of units under multiplication modulo n; Cyclic
groups from sets of numbers, Group of nth roots of unity, The general linear group; Elementary
properties of groups; Groups of symmetries of (i) an isosceles triangle, (ii) an equilateral triangle,
(iii) a rectangle, and (iv) a square; The permutation group Sym(n), and properties of
permutations; Order of an element, Subgroups and its examples, Subgroup tests, Cyclic
subgroup, Center of a group, Properties of cyclic groups; Cosets and its properties, Lagrange’s
theorem, Index of a subgroup; Definition and examples of normal subgroups.
References:
1. Gallian, Joseph. A. (2013). Contemporary Abstract Algebra (8th ed.). Cengage Learning
India Private Limited, Delhi. Fourth impression, 2015.
2. Friedberg, Stephen H., Insel, Arnold J., & Spence, Lawrence E. (2003). Linear Algebra
(4th ed.). Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
Additional Readings:
i. Beachy, John A., & Blair, William D. (2006). Abstract Algebra (3rd ed.). Waveland
Press.
ii. Lay, David C., Lay, Steven, R., & McDonald Judi, J. (2016). Linear Algebra and its
Applications (5th ed.). Pearson.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Keywords: Groups, Lagrange’s theorem, Normal subgroups, Rings, Ideals, Integral domains,
Fields, Vector spaces, Basis, Linear transformations.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Course Objectives: This course aims at providing basic knowledge to Computer Algebra
Systems (CAS) and their programming language in order to apply them for plotting functions,
finding roots to polynomials, computing limits and other mathematical tools.
Course Learning Outcomes: This course will enable the students to:
i) Use CAS as a calculator and for plotting functions.
ii) Understand the role of CAS finding roots of polynomials and solving general equations.
iii) Employ CAS for computing limits, derivatives, and computing definite and indefinite
integrals.
iv) Use CAS to understand matrix operations and to find eigenvalues of matrices.
References:
1. Bindner, Donald & Erickson, Martin. (2011). A Student’s Guide to the Study, Practice,
and Tools of Modern Mathematics. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
2. Torrence, Bruce F., & Torrence, Eve A. (2009). The Student’s Introduction to
Mathematica®: A Handbook for Precalculus, Calculus, and Linear Algebra (2nd ed.).
Cambridge University Press.
ote: Theoretical and Practical demonstration should be carried out only in one of the CAS:
Mathematica/MATLAB/Maple/Maxima/Scilab or any other.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
[2] Chapter 5 [Exercises 5.1 (1), 5.3, 5.5, 5.6 (1, 2 and 4), 5.10 (1 and 3), 5.11 (1 and 2)].
[2] Chapter 7 [Exercises 7.1 (1), 7.2, 7.3 (2), 7.4 (1) and 7.6].
Keywords: Computer Algebra Systems (CAS), CAS in graphics. CAS in algebra. CAS in
calculus.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Semester-IV
Paper IV: Real Analysis
Total Marks: 100 (Theory: 75, Internal Assessment: 25)
Workload: 5 Lectures, 1 Tutorial (per week) Credits: 6 (5+1)
Duration: 14 Weeks (70 Hrs.) Examination: 3 Hrs.
Course Objectives: The course will develop a deeper and more rigorous understanding of
defining terms and proving results about convergence of sequences and series of real numbers,
having vide applications in real-world problems.
Course Learning Outcomes: This course will enable the students to:
i) Be familiar with the concept of sequences, series and recognize convergent, divergent,
bounded, Cauchy and monotone sequences.
ii) Test the convergence and divergence of series using ratio test, root test and Leibnitz test.
iii) Understand the concepts of pointwise and uniform convergence.
iv) Understand Riemann integrability of continuous and monotone functions.
References:
1. Bartle, Robert G., & Sherbert, Donald R. (2015). Introduction to Real Analysis (4th ed.).
Wiley India Edition.
2. Denlinger, Charles G. (2015). Elements of Analysis. Jones & Bartlett India Pvt. Ltd.
3. Ross, Kenneth A. (2013). Elementary Analysis: The Theory of Calculus (2nd ed.).
Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer. Indian Reprint.
Additional Reading:
i. Bilodeau, Gerald G., Thie, Paul R., & Keough, G. E. (2010). An Introduction to
Analysis (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett India Pvt. Ltd. Student Edition. Reprinted 2015.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Course Objectives: The purpose of this course is to help you begin using LaTeX, a
mathematical typesetting system designed for the creation of beautiful books − and especially for
books that contain a lot of mathematics, complicated symbols and formatting.
Course Learning Outcomes: This course will enable the students to:
i) Learn to create and typeset a LaTeX document.
ii) Typeset a mathematical document using LaTex.
iii) Learn about pictures and graphics in LaTex.
iv) Create beamer presentations.
References:
1. Bindner, Donald & Erickson, Martin. (2011). A Student’s Guide to the Study, Practice,
and Tools of Modern Mathematics. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
2. Lamport, Leslie (1994). LaTeX: A Document Preparation System, User’s Guide and
Reference Manual (2nd ed.). Pearson Education. Indian Reprint.
Additional Reading:
i. Dongen, M. R. C. van (2012). LaTeX and Friends. Springer-Verlag.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Semester-V
Skill Enhancement Paper
SEC-3: Transportation and etwork Flow Problems
Total Marks: 100 (Theory: 55, Internal Assessment: 20 and Practical: 25)
Workload: 3 Lectures, 2 Practicals (per week) Credits: 4 (3+1)
Duration: 14 Weeks (42 Hrs. Theory + 28 Hrs. Practical) Examination: 3 Hrs.
Course Objectives: This course aims at providing applications of linear programming to solve
real-life problems such as transportation problem, assignment problem, shortest-path problem,
minimum spanning tree problem, maximum flow problem and minimum cost flow problem.
Course Learning Outcomes: This course will enable the students to:
i) Formulate and solve transportation problems.
ii) Learn to solve assignment problems using Hungarian method.
iii) Solve travelling salesman problem.
iv) Learn about network models and various network flow problems.
v) Learn about project planning techniques namely, CPM and PERT.
References:
1. Hillier, Frederick S., & Lieberman, Gerald J. (2017). Introduction to Operations
Research, (10th ed.). McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Taha, Hamdy A. (2007). Operations Research: An Introduction (8th ed.). Pearson
Education India. New Delhi.
Additional Reading:
i. Bazaraa, Mokhtar S., Jarvis, John J., & Sherali, Hanif D. (2010). Linear Programming
and etwork Flows (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Total Marks: 150 (Theory: 75, Internal Assessment: 25, and Practical: 50)
Workload: 4 Lectures, 4 Practicals (per week) Credits: 6 (4+2)
Duration: 14 Weeks (56 Hrs. Theory + 56 Hrs. Practical) Examination: 3 Hrs.
Course Objectives: This course helps the students to develop skills and knowledge of standard
concepts in ordinary and partial differential equations and also provide the standard methods for
solving differential equations.
Course Learning Outcomes: The student will be able to:
i) Solve the exact, linear and Bernoulli equations and find orthogonal trajectories.
ii) Apply the method of variation of parameters to solve linear differential equations.
iii) Formulate and solve various types of first and second order partial differential equations.
References:
1. Kreyszig, Erwin (2011). Advanced Engineering Mathematics (10th ed.). John Wiley &
Sons, Inc. Wiley India Edition 2015.
2. Myint-U, Tyn & Debnath, Lokenath. (2007). Linear Partial Differential Equation for
Scientists and Engineers (4th ed.). Springer, Third Indian Reprint, 2013.
3. Ross, Shepley L. (1984). Differential Equations (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Additional Readings:
i. Ross, Clay C. (2004). Differential Equations: An Introduction with Mathematica® (2nd
ed.). Springer.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Course Objectives: This course helps the students to develop skills and knowledge of standard
concepts in mechanics and discrete mathematics and to become aware of their applications. Both
the components of mechanics, namely, statics and dynamics are dealt with in this course. Basics
of graph theory including shortest path problem, Euler and Hamiltonian graphs are part of this
course.
Course Learning outcomes: The student will be able to:
i) Learn about friction, centre of gravity, work and potential energy in statics.
ii) Know about various topics in dynamics such as simple harmonic motion, simple
pendulum and projectile motion.
iii) Know about various types of graphs such as complete and bipartite graphs.
iv) Understand graphs, their types and its applications in study of shortest path algorithms.
Unit 2: Graphs
Types of graphs: Simple graph, Directed graph, Multi graph, and Pseudo graph; Graph
modelling, Terminology and basics; Special graphs: Complete graph, Cycles, n-dimensional
cubes, Bipartite graph, Complete bipartite graph; Subgraph and basic algebraic operations on
graphs, Connectivity, Paths, Cycles, Tree to be introduced as a connected graph with no cycles.
References:
1. Ramsay, A. S. (1998). Statics, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi (Indian Reprint).
2. Roberts, A. P. (2003). Statics and Dynamics with Background Mathematics, Cambridge
University Press.
3. Rosen, Kenneth H. (2012). Discrete Mathematics and its Applications (7th ed.).
McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Keywords: Friction, Centre of gravity, Work, Simple harmonic motion, Projectile motion, Types
of grpahs, Connectivity of graphs, Shortest path problem, Euler and Hamiltonian graphs.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Semester-VI
Skill Enhancement Paper
SEC-4: Statistical Software: R
Total Marks: 100 (Theory: 38, Internal Assessment: 12, and Practical: 50)
Workload: 2 Lectures, 4 Practicals (per week) Credits: 4 (2+2)
Duration: 14 Weeks (28 Hrs. Theory + 56 Hrs. Practical) Examination: 2 Hrs.
Course Objectives: The purpose of this course is to help you begin using R, a powerful free
software program for doing statistical computing and graphics. It can be used for exploring and
plotting data, as well as performing statistical tests.
Course Learning Outcomes: This course will enable the students to:
i) Be familiar with R syntax and use R as a calculator.
ii) Understand the concepts of objects, vectors and data types.
iii) Know about summary commands and summary table in R.
iv) Visualize distribution of data in R and learn about normality test.
v) Plot various graphs and charts using R.
References:
1. Bindner, Donald & Erickson, Martin. (2011). A Student’s Guide to the Study, Practice,
and Tools of Modern Mathematics. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
2. Gardener, M. (2012). Beginning R: The Statistical Programming Language, Wiley
Publications.
Additional Reading:
i. Verzani, John (2014). Using R for Introductory Statistics (2nd ed.). CRC Press, Taylor &
Francis Group.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
ote: The practical may be done on the database to be downloaded from https://data.gov.in/
Keywords: Objects, Vectors, Data types, Summary commands, Shapiro−Wilk test, Bar charts.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Total Marks: 150 (Theory: 75, Internal Assessment: 25, and Practical: 50)
Workload: 4 Lectures, 4 Practicals (per week) Credits: 6 (4+2)
Duration: 14 Weeks (56 Hrs. Theory + 56 Hrs. Practical) Examination: 3 Hrs.
Course Objectives: The goal of this paper is to acquaint students for the study of certain
algorithms that uses numerical approximation for the problems of mathematical analysis. Also,
the use of Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) by which the intractable problems can be solved
both numerically and analytically.
Course Learning Outcomes: After completion of this course, students will be able to:
i) Find the consequences of finite precision and the inherent limits of numerical methods.
ii) Appropriate numerical methods to solve algebraic and transcendental equations.
iii) Solve first order initial value problems of ODE’s numerically using Euler methods.
References:
1. Chapra, Steven C. (2018). Applied umerical Methods with MATLAB for Engineers and
Scientists (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
2. Fausett, Laurene V. (2009). Applied umerical Analysis Using MATLAB. Pearson.
India.
3. Jain, M. K., Iyengar, S. R. K., & Jain R. K. (2012). umerical Methods for Scientific and
Engineering Computation (6th ed.). New Age International Publishers. Delhi.
Additional Reading:
i. Bradie, Brian (2006). A Friendly Introduction to umerical Analysis. Pearson Education
India. Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Third Impression, 2011.
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Course Objectives: To provide a foundation in probability theory and statistics in order to solve
applied problems and to prepare for providing the solutions that take account of their everyday
experiences with their scientific interests.
Course Learning Outcomes: This course will enable the students to learn:
i) Basic probability axioms and familiar with discrete and continuous random variables.
ii) To measure the scale of association between two variables, and to establish a formulation
helping to predict one variable in terms of the other, i.e., correlation and linear regression.
iii) Central limit theorem, which helps to understand the remarkable fact that: the empirical
frequencies of so many natural populations, exhibit a bell-shaped curve.
References:
1. Hogg, Robert V., McKean, Joseph W., & Craig, Allen T. (2013). Introduction to
Mathematical Statistics (7th ed.), Pearson Education, Inc.
2. Miller, Irwin, & Miller, Marylees (2014). John E. Freund’s: Mathematical Statistics with
Applications (8th ed.). Pearson Education Ltd. Indian Reprint. Dorling Kindersley.
3. Ross, Sheldon M. (2014). Introduction to Probability Models (11th ed.). Elsevier Inc.
Additional Reading:
i. Mood, Alexander M., Graybill, Franklin A. & Boes, Duane C. (1974). Introduction to
The Theory of Statistics (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill Education, Indian Edition (2017).
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
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Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi
Acknowledgments
The following members were actively involved in drafting the LOCF syllabus of Mathematics
of B.Sc. (Programme) Physical Sciences/Mathematical Sciences, University of Delhi.
Head
• C.S. Lalitha, Department of Mathematics
Coordinator
• Hemant Kumar Singh, Department of Mathematics
Committee Members
• Ramesh K. Budhraja (Sri Venkateswara College)
• Raj Kumar (Kirori Mal College)
• Arvind (Hansraj College)
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