Fractalyse

Introduction to Fractals
Fractals can be thought of as fractions or parts of a whole. A point represents a

particular location and is represented by a dot. All points are zero-dimensional. A straight
line consists of two or more points, which are connected. All lines are one-dimensional.
Multiple lines construct a plane, which is three-dimensional. A fractal is not in a particular
dimension, instead it is between dimensions. Fractals are rough geometric shapes, which
are subdivided. The main shape is repeated infinitely many times and occupies the area of
the fundamental structure. In this way, a fractal occupies a finite space as its perimeter
approaches infinity. Fractals can be interpreted as fractions, or smaller parts of a whole,
known as subdivisions.
An example of a fractal is Sierpinski’s triangle.
1) Begin with a basic triangle. 2) Find the midpoints of each line and
connect them to form a smaller upside
down triangle using the inverse color.
Note: Currently there are three black triangles and one white triangle. The starting triangle
is still present. The smaller triangles are fractals or subdivisions of the original triangle.
Keep repeating the instructions to eventually obtain the image below.
Fractals have real world applications. For example, in physics fractals describe the
roughness of the surface. Two or more fractals contribute a rough surface because you
aren’t adding whole number dimensions. Another example is in computer science. Fractals
can be compressed, manipulated, and studied on computer programs such as ImageJ.
Fractal Image Analysis using ImageJ & FracLac
Installing ImageJ
1. Google ImageJ and select the first link: http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/
2. Click the “Download” link
3. Select the download for the appropriate platform (i.e. mac osx or windows)
4. A pop up window will open, click “save file”

5. On a mac go to the download folder on the bottom right of the screen
On a PC go to the download arrow in the top right corner of the screen
6. Select the downloaded ImageJ setup program
7. Click “run” in the pop up tab that appears
8. Click next in the startup program several times, then hit install, and wait for ImageJ to
finish installation
Installing FracLac
1. Google FracLac and select the first link:
http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/plugins/fraclac/FLHelp/Introduction.htm
2. Scroll down to the “About the Calculations” section
3. Right click “FracLac.jar” and select “save link as”
4. Click recent places, then ImageJ, then Plugins, and save FracLac.jar in the plugins folder
Preforming your Analysis:

1. Find a fractal image that you wish to analyze and right click to save it in your pictures
folder (fractal examples: snowflake, lightning bolt, fern, tree, bacteria)
2. Launch Image J from the start up menu
3. In ImageJ click File, Open, and open the image you saved
 In order for FracLac to analyze a fractal image the image must be converted to a
binary (black & white) outline. On paper, we can select only the boxes that touch
the outline of the image. In order for the computer to do this, we must reduce
the image to only its outline.
4. On the ImageJ toolbar select process, go down to Binary, and select Analyze.
5. Again select Process on the toolbar, go down to Binary and now select outline to outline
the image.
6. By double clicking the paint brush on the quick access menu, selecting a brush size, and
changing the brush color to white we can process the image down into only the fractal
pattern.
7. The image is now ready to be analyzed. In the toolbar, select plugins, go down to fractal
analysis, and open FracLac.
8. Select “BC” to set up the box counting analysis.

9. In the FracLac analysis window shown below under GRID DESIGN set number of
positions to 1. Under GRAPHICS OPTIONS turn off “colour code” and turn on the “draw
grids” and “regression” options. Click ok, the program is now set to scan.
10. Click the scan button on the FracLac toolbar.

11. The scan will open up several windows. One contains the image with grid lines drawn.
By using the scroll bar at the bottom of the window the program visualizes the different
sample scales used in the analysis.
12. The other window that will appear contains a graph of ln(Count) vs. ln(ɛ). The slope of
the line given at the top of the graph tells us based on our analysis how much of the
plane our image covers or its relative dimension.
Custom Analysis & Log Log Graphing in Excel:

1. Users can also create a custom scan series in which they choose their own relative box
size (ɛ) in pixels for each scan.
2. One of the windows resulting from the custom scan allows you to obtain the number of
boxes and the relative box size (ɛ) in that particular scan.
3. We can then input this data into excel to create our own log vs. log graph.
Data:
0.2 8357
0.4 2332
0.5 1533
0.6 1089
1 418
4. Highlight all the cells that include the data. Create a scatter plot by clicking on the little
arrow under scatter plot and click the second option from the top in the right column.
5. In order to change the graph to a LogLog graph click under vertices and click the option
entitled Logarithmic for both the “X” and “Y” axis. Set the scale to the thousandths place
for four decimal place accuracy.
6. After altering the axis you can change the legends for the X and Y axis and you will obtain
the following graph.
LogLog Graph
20589.113
2824.2954
387.42049
log(e)
53.1441 Series1
7.29
1
0 0.00020.00040.00060.0008 0.001 0.0012
Thousands
log(e)
Bibliography
Fractal dimension, Effective mass & Tamil rhetorics. tnexplore, n.d. Web. 16 June 2014.
<https://sites.google.com/site/tnexplore/uncoventional-thoughts/fractals-and-effective-
mass>.
"History of The Mandelbrot and Julia Fractals." Introduction to Fractals. Temporary Sanity
Designs, 1997. Web. 13 June 2014. <http://www.icd.com/tsd/fractals/beginner.htm>.
Karperien, A., FracLac for ImageJ.
http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/plugins/fraclac/FLHelp/Introduction.htm. 1999-2013.
Rasband, W.S., ImageJ, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,
http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/, 1997-2014.
The Sierpinski Triangle. Math is Fun, n.d. Web. 16 June 2014.
<http://www.mathsisfun.com/sierpinski-triangle.html>.
Wautelet, Philippe. "Applications of Fractals." Fractal Zone. N.p., 1998-2014. Web. 13 June
2014. <http://www.fractalzone.be/applications.php#surface_physics>.

Fractalyse

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fractalyse

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fractalyse

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introduction to Fractals

Fractals can be thought of as fractions or parts of a whole. A point represents a

4. A pop up window will open, click “save file”

Preforming your Analysis:

8. Select “BC” to set up the box counting analysis.

10. Click the scan button on the FracLac toolbar.

Custom Analysis & Log Log Graphing in Excel:

Designs, 1997. Web. 13 June 2014. <http://www.icd.com/tsd/fractals/beginner.htm>.

Karperien, A., FracLac for ImageJ.

Rasband, W.S., ImageJ, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,

The Sierpinski Triangle. Math is Fun, n.d. Web. 16 June 2014.

You might also like