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    Answer Key: Reading For Main Ideas: Arbon Dioxide Arbon Dioxide

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    Muhd Qayyum Mohd Fuad
    1. CAD is used to produce detailed drawings and design documentation to explain engineering designs in 2D or 3D. It also checks for design errors. 2. FEA divides structures into elements and solves equations to show how the whole structure will withstand forces like earthquakes, winds, and waves. This is essential for designing structures like oil platforms. 3. CFD uses complex equations to model how fluids interact with surfaces, allowing engineers to simulate wind effects on structures like oil platforms without physical testing, helping design safer structures.

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    Answer Key: Reading For Main Ideas: Arbon Dioxide Arbon Dioxide

    Uploaded by

    Muhd Qayyum Mohd Fuad
    50 views3 pages
    1. CAD is used to produce detailed drawings and design documentation to explain engineering designs in 2D or 3D. It also checks for design errors. 2. FEA divides structures into elements and solves equations to show how the whole structure will withstand forces like earthquakes, winds, and waves. This is essential for designing structures like oil platforms. 3. CFD uses complex equations to model how fluids interact with surfaces, allowing engineers to simulate wind effects on structures like oil platforms without physical testing, helping design safer structures.

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    1. CAD is used to produce detailed drawings and design documentation to explain engineering designs in 2D or 3D. It also checks for design errors. 2. FEA divides structures into elements and solves equations to show how the whole structure will withstand forces like earthquakes, winds, and waves. This is essential for designing structures like oil platforms. 3. CFD uses complex equations to model how fluids interact with surfaces, allowing engineers to simulate wind effects on structures like oil platforms without physical testing, helping design safer structures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    50 views3 pages

    Answer Key: Reading For Main Ideas: Arbon Dioxide Arbon Dioxide

    Uploaded by

    Muhd Qayyum Mohd Fuad
    1. CAD is used to produce detailed drawings and design documentation to explain engineering designs in 2D or 3D. It also checks for design errors. 2. FEA divides structures into elements and solves equations to show how the whole structure will withstand forces like earthquakes, winds, and waves. This is essential for designing structures like oil platforms. 3. CFD uses complex equations to model how fluids interact with surfaces, allowing engineers to simulate wind effects on structures like oil platforms without physical testing, helping design safer structures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    ANSWER KEY: READING FOR MAIN IDEAS

    A) Read the paragraphs below and identify the main point in each paragraph. The
    paragraphs are part of a longer article entitled Helping to save the planet.

    Paragraph Main idea


    1 Earth’s climate is changing, and that this global warming may be caused by
    the combustion of fossil fuels and the subsequent release of carbon
    dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere.
    2 We are now burning fossil fuels at an increasing rate and returning this
    carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
    3 Some scientists are proposing geo-engineering projects – large-scale
    technology designed to change the earth’s climate.
    4 Whatever processes are used, there is no doubt that reducing carbon dioxide levels
    will increase the cost of energy in the future, but the price of allowing climate
    change to continue would be even higher.
    5 The Earth’s temperature is steadily rising, so there is a huge task for engineers to
    develop energy conservation, energy efficient generation and use, and economic
    and safe methods of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

    B) Read the article below and write out the main point of paragraphs which are italicised.

    Microprocessors
    Computer chips generate heat because electrical resistance in their circuits. In fact, it’s this
    heat problem rather than microprocessor size that currently limits the speed of CPUs. A safe
    operating temperature is in the range of 50 - 70 ºC. Computer design engineers keep computes
    cool by installing fans that increase air circulation, heat sinks (solid materials that transfer
    heat away from hot spots), and by trying to reduce the amount of waste heat that is generated
    by making CPUs as efficient as possible.

    Computer chips generate heat because electrical resistance in their


    circuits.

    Motorcycle brakes
    When brakes are applied, the friction of the brake pads on the brake disc creates heat. When
    brakes become very hot – around 400 ºC – friction is reduced. This means that the brakes are
    less effective, which is dangerous. Engineers design brake discs with holes in them. The holes
    allow the air to circulate more freely around the disc to dissipate the heat. They also help
    remove rain water.

    When brakes are applied, the friction of the brake pads on the brake disc creates heat.
    Gas-fired boilers
    Gas-fired boilers are used in homes and industry for space heating and hot water. Chemical
    heat is generated by burning gases such as propane or butane. The temperature of a gas flame
    burning in air is almost 2000 ºC. At this high temperature, heat is easily transferred to heat
    exchangers and water pipes to heat air and water between 20 and 60 ºC. Heat transfer is aided
    by convection; as air or water is heated from bottom, it rises, and the colder fluid sinks. This
    forms a circulating flow so that the cooler fluid is constantly heated.

    Gas-fired boilers are used in homes and industry for space heating and hot water.

    Nuclear reactors
    Heat is generated in the reactor core when uranium-235 is split into lighter elements. The heat
    turns water into steam, which turns the turbines. The turbines turn generators and make
    electricity. Most reactors operate with a water temperature of around 315 ºC and pressure
    around 155 bar. In these extreme conditions, engineering design is critical particularly of
    safety and shutdown systems. The 2011 Fukushima plant disaster in Japan made worse by the
    failure of water pumps that were needed to cool the reactor core.

    Heat is generated in the reactor core when uranium-235 is split into lighter elements.

    C) Read the article below and state the main point of each paragraph.

    CAD (computer-aided design)


    CAD is used to produce drawings and design documentation. The drawings are detailed
    pictures that explain a design. They can be two-dimensional, like a plan showing the
    arrangement of a room, or three-dimensional, like the picture on the left showing pipes and
    structural details. Documentation includes lists of structural drawings, materials, etc. CAD
    checks for design clashes- for example, places where parts don’t fit together – and produces
    walk-through videos to check ergonomic features such as access for maintenance.

    CAD is used to produce drawings and design documentation.

    FEA (finite element analysis)


    Today’s oil platforms are designed for difficult environments with natural forces such as
    seismic activity (earthquakes), waves, wind, and ice. FES is an essential tool in making the
    design work. FEA divides the structure into a network of elements and solves many
    complicated equations. It shows hoe the whole structure will work together to stand against
    high winds, strong waves or big earthquakes.

    FES is an essential tool in making the design work.


    CFD (computational fluid dynamics)
    CFD uses complex equations to model the interaction of fluids (liquids and gases) with
    surfaces. In oil platform design, engineers need to know the effect the wind has on the structure,
    including the parts such as cranes and helicopter decks. This helps engineers to create a safe
    design. In the past, engineers used wind tunnel tests on a physical model, but now CFD allows
    engineers to try different designs to get the best result.

    CFD uses complex equations to model the interaction of fluids (liquids and gases)
    with surfaces.

    D) Read the text below and identify the main ideas for paragraphs 3-8.

    Paragraph Main ideas


    2 The internet made possible a relatively free culture
    3 People are free to be what they want in the virtual world
    4 There are many familiar constraints in cyberculture
    5 The inequalities found in society at large are present in the world of internet too
    6 A ‘technopower spiral’ has brought about control by a technical elite
    7 Cyberculture is not free of commercial and political pressures either
    8 Cyberculture is different from other cultural media to some degree is undeniable

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