Prelimenary Page 05 19 19 1
Prelimenary Page 05 19 19 1
Prelimenary Page 05 19 19 1
A Research Paper
In Partial Fulfilment of
the Requirements in
Research 3
MILJANN S. MEDEL
May 2019
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL – SOCCSKSARGEN REGION CAMPUS
Curriculum and Instruction Division
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
ii
ABSTRACT
Use of synthetic fibers and materials are widely used in different infrastructures
and industries in making bricks. Usage of such material as main ingredient contributes to
various negative environmental damages and costs. The goal of the study aims to create a
high efficiency brick with the use of natural materials that can help in saving the
environment with inexpensive costs. An alternative source of synthetic fiber was found,
the Milled Peanut Shells which is known for its high chitin content and Oxide
composition, natural binding materials found in plants. Four tests were used to evaluate
the capacity of the brick. These tests are compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural
strength, water absorbency and heat resistance. All tests were done through the
supervision and help of the Department of Public Works and Highways Regional Office
XII. The results gathered from the tests showed that the Milled Peanut Shells has lower
density compared to the commercial clay bricks. Compressive and Flexural Strength,
commercial clay bricks are greater than the MPSCCB. However, MPSCCB surpassed the
standard compressive strength of clay bricks. And in terms of water absorption, it shows
that the higher the amount of Milled Peanut Shell, the greater the amount of water
absorbed. Lastly, Heat Resistance Test showed that MPSCCB has the same capacity as to
the commercial bricks and based on the findings of the study, Milled Peanut Shells can be
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researchers would like to take this opportunity to express their utmost
gratefulness to everyone who has extended us their time, assistance and guidance
throughout the accomplishment of their research. First and foremost, they would like to
thank God Almighty for granting them immensely with blessings throughout their
journey. They want to convey their deepest gratitude to all the staff of DPWH, especially
Sir Joery C. Estember for helping and supporting them in their project and for assisting
them during testing and data gathering. The researchers are overwhelmed to have been
under the guidance of Ma’am Rose Leonora, Sir Jayson Bazar, and Sir Jefrey
Bagasbas for sharing their knowledge and feedback, and for giving us the determination
to keep striving on this work. Countless thanks are given to all panel members and judges
who gave comments and suggestions which contributed to the improvement of their
paper. The researchers also want to give their sincerest appreciation to the campus,
especially Maam Chuchi P. Garganera and Sir Edman H. Gallamaso, for giving them
the opportunity to make this project a reality. This project wouldn't have been a success
without the supervision of Ma’am Liza Fe Gallamaso, who gave them the utmost
patience in teaching and leading us throughout the project. Special thanks are given to
their family, who have supported them both financially and emotionally throughout the
MILJANN MEDEL
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE PAGE..................................................................................................................................i
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL.................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT..............................................................................................................iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................................................v
LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................viii
LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................................viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................................ix
1 INTRODUCTION
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Clay Bricks..........................................................................................................................5
Peanut Shell.........................................................................................................................7
Flexural Strength Test..........................................................................................................9
Compressive Strength Test................................................................................................10
Heat Resistance Test..........................................................................................................11
Water Absorption Test........................................................................................................11
Materials............................................................................................................................13
Mix Design........................................................................................................................13
Research Design................................................................................................................14
Brick Preparation...............................................................................................................14
Density Analysis................................................................................................................15
Compressive Strength Test...............................................................................................16
Flexural Strength Test........................................................................................................17
Water Absorbency Test......................................................................................................17
Heat Resistance Test.........................................................................................................18
Treatment of Data..............................................................................................................18
Cost and Benefit Analysis..................................................................................................19
Density Analysis................................................................................................................19
Compressive Strength Test Results....................................................................................22
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Flexural Strength Test........................................................................................................25
Water Absorbency..............................................................................................................28
Heat Resistance..................................................................................................................30
Cost and Benefit Analysis..................................................................................................30
BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................................................36
APPENDICES...........................................................................................................................39
AUTHOR PROFILES.............................................................................................................42
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Brick....................................................................................................................................8
Brick……………………………………………………………………………………..13
Machine ……………………………………………………………………………...….25
Table 8. Summary Statistics from the amount of load gathered using the Flexural
Strength Formula...............................................................................................................25
LIST OF FIGURES
vii
Figure 1. Weighing of Milled Peanut Shells ………………………………………........14
Bricks…………………………………………………………………………………...23
Bricks...............................................................................................................................26
Bricks...............................................................................................................................29
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
viii
DPWH - Department of Public Works and Highways
ix