List of Philippine Presidents and their Contributions

1.General Emilio Aguinaldo (January 23, 1899 – April 1, 1901)

The president of the first Philippine republic (1899). He started as a member of the Magdalo Chapter of the Katipunan in Cavite, then
was elected president of the revolutionary government at the Tejeros Convention on March 22,1897, and, later, Biak-na-Bato Republic.
He proclaimed Philippine independence at Kawit on June 12, 1898. His capture foreshadowed the end of large-scale armed resistance to
American rule.

• first (and only) president of the First Republic (Malolo Republic)

• signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, creating a truce between the Spanish and Philippine revolutionaries
• known as the President of the Revolutionary Government
• led the Philippines in the Spanish-Philippine War and the American-Philippine War
• youngest president, taking office at age 28
• longest-lived president, passing away at 94

2. Manuel L. Quezon (November 15, 1935 – August 1, 1944)

The first Filipino president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under American rule. He was president of the Philippines from 1935
to 1944. For advocating Filipino-language amendments to the 1935 Constitution, he is known as the “Father of the National Language.”

• first Senate president elected as President of the Philippines

• first president elected through a national election
• first president under the Commonwealth
• created National Council of Education
• initiated women’s suffrage in the Philippines during the Commonwealth
• approved Tagalog/Filipino as the national language of the Philippines
• appears on the twenty-peso bill
• a province, a city, a bridge and a university in Manila are named after him
• his body lies within the special monument on Quezon Memorial Circle

3.Jose P. Laurel (October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945)

The 3rd among Philippine presidents to assume office during the era of the Japanese occupation of World War II, Jose P. Laurel is the
only Filipino president in his time to have been shot outside of combat.

• since the early 1960s, Laurel considered a legitimate president of the Philippines
• organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas, or Association for Service to the New Philippines), a
provisional government during Japanese occupation
• declared Martial Law and war between the Philippines and the U.S./United Kingdom in 1944

4.Sergio Osmeña (August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946)

Sergio Osmeña was the second president of the Commonwealth. During his presidency, the Philippines joined the International Monetary
Fund.

• became president at 65, making him the oldest person to hold office
• first Visayan to become president
• joined with U.S. Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 to begin restoration of Philippine freedom after Japanese
occupation
• Philippine National Bank was rehabilitated and the country joined the International Monetary Fund during his presidency
• Bell Trade Act was approved by the U.S. Congress during his presidency
• appears on the 50-peso bill

5.Manuel Roxas (May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948)

He was the fifth Philippine president but was considered as the third and last president under the Commonwealth era making him the next
first leader of the Third Republic of the Philippines (R.P.). Shortlived as he served for some reason, he only assumed office for a very
short period of 1 year, 10 months and 18 days to be exact.

• inaugurated as the first president of the new Republic after World War II
• reconstruction from war damage and life without foreign rule began during his presidency
• under his term, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws were accepted by Congress
• appears on the 100-peso bill

6. Elpidio Quirino (April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1953)

Elpidio Quirino served as vice president under Manuel Roxas. When Roxas died in 1948, Quirino became president.

• Hukbalahap guerrilla movement active during his presidency

• created Social Security Commission
• created Integrity Board to monitor graft and corruption
• Quezon City became capital of the Philippines in 1948

7. Ramon Magsaysay (December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957)

President of the Philippines from 1953 to 1957. He had been President Quirino’s secretary of defense who was instrumental is
suppressing the HUK rebellion. As president, he persuaded Congress to pass the Agricultural Tenancy Act (1954). It was during his term
that the Retail Trade Nationalization Act was passed. He secured revisions in the Bell Trade Act and was the first president to revise the
US Military Bases agreement to bring it more in line with Philippine interests.

• Hukbalahap movement quelled during his presidency

• chairman of the Committee on Guerrilla Affairs
• first president sworn into office wearing Barong Tagalog during inauguration
• presidency referred to as the Philippines' "Golden Years" for its lack of corruption
• Philippines was ranked second in Asia’s clean and well-governed countries during his presidency
• established National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) among other agrarian reforms

8. Carlos P. Garcia (March 18, 1957 – December 30, 1961)

A lawyer, poet, and teacher, Carlos P. Garcia also served as a guerrilla leader during the Pacific War. Born in Bohol, Garcia serviced as
vice president under Ramon Magsaysay and as secretary of Foreign Affairs for four years. He was among the founders of the Association
for Southeast Asia (1963), the precursor of the Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).He became president when Magsaysay
died in 1957.

• known for “Filipino First Policy,” which favored Filipino businesses over foreign investors
• established the Austerity Program focusing on Filipino trade and commerce
• known as the “Prince of Visayan Poets” and the “Bard from Bohol”
• cultural arts was revived during his term
• was the first president to have his remains buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani

9. Diosdado Macapagal (December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965)

Born in Lubao, Pampanga, Diosdado Macapagal was a lawyer and professor. His daughter Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the 14th, and
second female, president of the Philippines. It was during his presidency that Independence Day was moved from July 4 to June 12, the
date when General Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine independence in Cavite.

• established the first Land Reform Law, allowing for the purchase of private farmland to be distributed in inexpensive, small lots to the
landless
• placed the Philippine peso on the currency exchange market
• declared June 12, 1898 to be Philippines’ Independence Day
• signed the Minimum Wage Law
• created the Philippine Veteran’s Bank

10. Ferdinand Marcos (December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986)

Born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was a lawyer and Senate President for three years. He was president for 21 years.
He ruled under martial law and his dictatorship was known for its corruption and brutality. Marcos was removed from office after the
People Power Revolution.

• first president to win a second term

• declared Martial Law on Sept. 22, 1972
• increased the size of Philippine military and armed forces
• by 1980 the Philippine GNP was four times greater than 1972
• by 1986 the Philippines was one of the most indebted countries in Asia
• built more schools, roads, bridges, hospitals, and other infrastructure than all former presidents combined
• the only president whose remains are interred inside a refrigerated crypt

11. Corazon Aquino (February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992)

President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. With Salvador Laurel as running mate, she led the opposition that overthrew the
authoritarian government of Marcos, who went into exile after the successful People’s Power revolution of 1986. She first established a
revolutionary government under the Freedom Constitution, later replaced by the Constitution of 1987, which served as the basis for
reestablishing democracy

• first woman to be president of the Philippines or any Asian country

• restored democracy
• abolished the 1973 Marcos Constitution and ushered in the new Constitution of the Philippines
• reorganized the structure of the executive branch of government
• signed the Family Code of 1987, a major civil law reform, and 1191 Local Government Code, which reorganized the structure of the
executive branch of government
• initiated charitable and social activities helping the poor and the needy
• named “Woman of the Year” in 1986 by Time magazine
• on the new 500-peso bill together with her husband Benigno Aquino
Received honors and awards including:
• 100 Women Who Shaped World History
• 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th Century
• 65 Great Asian Heroes
• J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding

12. Fidel V. Ramos (June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998)

A military general in his time when the former first female president resumed power over EDSA revolution, the popular name for this
Philippine president is FVR. He was the chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines during Cory's regime before he became
president. A civil engineer by college career, Ramos is a PMA bred elite. He brought back economic growth and stability in the country
in spite of the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. He is the first and only non-Catholic (protestant) president of the Philippines.

• oversaw Philippine economic growth

• presided over celebrations of Philippine Independence Centennial in 1998
• received British Knighthood from the United Kingdom by Queen Elizabeth II (Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St.
George)
• hosted the fourth Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Leader's Summit in the Philippines in 1996
• Philippine Stock Exchange became an international favorite during his presidency
• death penalty reinstated while he was in office
• signed peace agreement with the rebel Moro National Liberation Front

13. Joseph Estrada (June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001)

Erap para sa mahirap is his popular slogan. Joseph Ejercity Estrada is the first film actor to become president of a country next to Ronald
Reagan. His presidency was controversial. During his years in office economic growth was slow and he faced impeachment proceedings.
He was ousted from the presidency in 2001. He was later convicted of stealing from the government but was pardoned. He ran
unsuccessfully for president in 2010

• during his presidency Moro Islamic Liberation Front headquarters and camps were captured
• joined other leaders and politicians to try to amend the 1987 Constitution
• cited as one of the Three Outstanding Senators in 1989
• among the “Magnificent 12” who voted to terminate the agreement that allows for U.S. control of Clark Airbase and Subic Naval Base

14. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010)

President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2004. She served as vice president under President Estrada and became president when he was
forced to step down for malfeasance, through the People’s Power II revolution. PGMA has confronted some of the same obstacles as did
her father, President Diosdado Macapagal, when he tried to clean up corruption in government

• second female president of the country

• first and only female vice-president of the Philippines so far
• first president to take oath outside Luzon
• former Economics professor at the Ateneo de Manila University, where current president Benigno Aquino III was one of her students
• ex-classmate of former U.S. President Bill Clinton at Georgetown University’s Walsh School of Foreign Service, where she maintained
Dean’s list status
• oversaw higher economic growth than the past three presidents before her
• peso became the best-performing currency of the year in Asia in 2007
• eVAT Law was implemented under her term
• currently on the 200-peso bill

15. Benigno Aquino III (June 30, 2010 – 2016)

Popularly known as PNoy, he is the son of the first female Philippine president and of Asia – Corazon Cojuangco Aquino. Real name is
Simeon Benigno Aquino III a.k.a. NoyNoy or PNoy joined the House of Representatives and the Senate before his presidency.

• created the no "wang-wang" (street siren) policy

• appointed statesman Jesse Robredo to serve as secretary of Interior and Local Government in 2010, where Robredo served until his
death in 2012
• initiated K-12 education in the Philippines
• renamed the Office of the Press Secretary to Presidential Communications Operations Office and appointed new officers
• suspended allowances and bonuses to Government Owed and Controlled Corporation and Government Financial Institution board
members
• oversaw 7.1% growth of the Philippine economy in 2012
16. Rodrigo Duterte ( June 30, 2016 – present )

Current president of the Philippines. Was elected to a six-year term in May 2016. Took office on June 30. Known by the nickname
Digong. A lawyer and politician of Visayan descent from the southern island of Mindanao.

• Passport validity extension to ten years

• Driver’s license validity extension to five years
• Stiffer penalties for hospitals refusing to treat patients
• The indefinite ceasefire between the MNLF, MILF, CPP NDF and the government (held in Norway)
• RA 10931 promotes universal access to quality tertiary education by providing free tuition in state universities and colleges.
• Duterte also signed RA 10969 providing free irrigation service for local farmers who own eight hectares of land or less
• Other priority measures are RA 11032 on promoting ease of doing business and efficient delivery of government services,
• RA 10968 or an act institutionalizing the Philippine Qualifications Framework and RA 11035 or act institutionalizing the Balik
Scientist program.
• President Rodrigo Roa Duterte signed into law Republic Act No. 10963, otherwise known as the Tax Reform for Acceleration and
Inclusion (TRAIN) Act,

Philippine Politics and Governance

- May 31, 2019
Specialization
GenEd
ProfEd

👉Politics- in general, it means organizing human activities.

 Politics is all around.
 Politics happens because of the need to make
decisions in the complex world we live in.
 According to Aristotle, “Man by nature is a political
animal”. If it is true, then politics is not only
common in our lives – it is unavoidable.

👉Elements of Politics:
 Power
 Rule
 Authority
 Influence
💟Demo – people / Kratos – power

👉Governance- it refers to the way in which something is

governed to meet objectives such as protecting its people,
and acting in the country’s best interest.

👉State is a group of people living in a definite territory,

having a government of their own and enjoying their own
independence.

👉Elements of State
1.People – a mass of population or community of people living within the territorial jurisdiction of state.
2. Territory- The space within which the government exercise its supreme authority.
3. Government- agency through which the will of the state are formulated, expressed carried out.
4. Sovereignty– the supreme power of the state to enforce its will upon its citizen through laws. It also means independence from the
control of other states.

👉It has two aspects:

a. internal sovereignty- w/c means complete authority to rule over the people inside the state
b. external sovereignty (often referred as independence) – which means independence from outside or foreign control.

👉Nation - any large group of people who are united by common bonds of race, language, custom, tradition, or religion.

State vs Nation
💟State is a political concept while nation is an ethnic concept.💟

👉Modes of Acquiring a Territory

1. Discovery and Occupation
- a state may acquire a territory by discovering a continent, an island or land with no inhabitants or occupied by uncivilized inhabitants
and thereafter, occupying it, by placing it under its political administration.
2. Prescription- it is a mode of acquiring territory through continuous and undisputed exercise of sovereignty over it during such period
as it is necessary to create under the general conviction that the present condition of things is in conformity with international order.

3. Cession – it is the assignment, transfer or yielding up of territory by one state or government to

another. It may be in a form of sale or donation.

4. Subjugation and annexation- it is a mode of acquiring territory belonging to a state in the

course of war and by annexation at the end of the war.
5. Accretion- mode of acquiring territory by addition of portions of soil, either artificial or by gradual disposition through the operation of
natural causes.
💟CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT ACCORDING TO ARISTOTLE💟
1. Monarchy (ruled by one person)
- where one person exercises sovereignty. It is the form of government in which the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single
person.
2. Aristocracy- ( ruled by a few persons)
- where political power is exercised by a privilege class known as the elite or oligarchs.
3. Democracy ( ruled by many)
- is one in which supreme power is vested to the people . It is classified into two:
a. direct democracy ( pure democracy)
- is where people directly govern themselves
b. indirect democracy (representative democracy)
– is where people elect representatives to act in their behalf.
👉Political Science- is a branch of social science that studies politics and state.
👉Subfields of Political Science
1. National Politics
- deals with the study of the structure of the government, its branches, the political system of the state, public opinon and elections.
2. Comparative Politics – studies the politics and government of other countries
3. International Relations – political cooperation among states, diplomatic relationships, international organizations and laws.
4. Political Theory – defines what is good and what is bad government.
Example: Machiavelli
5. Constitutional Law – studies the balance between the powers of the government and the rights of the people.
6. Public Policy – focuses on the programs of the state to benefit the economy and the state as a whole.
👉Political Science is a social science.
👉Social science is the study of society and the manner in which people behave and influence the world around us.
💟The following are the Major branches of Social Science:
👉Psychology
studies emotional and cognitive impacts of environments and relationships, and the reactions of human systems to emotional and
cognitive changes.
👉Sociology
– how we become members of groups, move between groups, and how being in different groups affects individuals and the groups in
which they participate.
👉Political Science
– how we identify ourselves as citizens of a particular nation, how we participate in our political structure, how it affects us, what
motivates us to affiliate ourselves with certain points of view or parties.
👉Anthropology
deals with of what it means to be human, through the understanding of modern cultures across the globe, the cultures of the past,
languages, the human body, and our evolutionary history.
👉History
– the interpretation of the past, how it affects our views of the present, understanding trends or the lack thereof in the past.
👉Economics
– refers to the scientific study of human action, particularly as it relates to human choice and the utilization of scarce resources.
👉Political Phenomenon
- any occurrence, events, or facts relating to politics.
👉Ideology
- refers to a system of beliefs about how society should function, behave, and operate
👉Political Ideology
is a set of related beliefs about political theory and policy held by an individual, group of individuals or a particular social class.
💟Major Political Ideologies
1. Anarchism
- The belief that the best government is absolutely no government. This ideology argues that everything about governments is repressive
and therefore must be abolished entirely.
2. Absolutism
- The belief that a single ruler should have control over every aspect of the government and of the people’s lives.
3. Liberalism
- A set of political beliefs emphasizing individual rights and liberties
4. Conservatism
- A set of political beliefs based on preservation of customs and traditions that define the character of a society
5. Socialism
- A set of political beliefs emphasizing community and social equality
👉Political Power is:
 The ability to shape and control the political behavior of others and to lead and guide their behavior in the direction desired by the
person, group, or institution exercising the political power.
 The capacity to influence, condition, mold, and control human behavior for the accomplishment of political objectives.
💟Major Forms of Political Power
1. Political Authority
- is governmental power. It is the legally established power of the government to make rules and issue commands and to compel
obedience to them,
making use of physical force and coercion when deemed necessary. Political authority in short, is the legal right--the legally established
power--to govern society.
2. Political Influence
- is the ability of private individuals and groups to impact on the government's making and implementation of official policy decisions. It
is a form of
political power exercised by those who do not possess the formal-legal authority, but have and utilize the ability to condition, modify, and
control the official decision-making
behavior of those in government office who do possess the authority to make and implement the decisions.
💟CONSTITUTION
 heart of the nation
 foundation of the government
 blueprint of the government
 fundamental law of the land
 highest law of the land
 basic law of the land
💟Constitution
is a written instrument enacted by direct action of the people by which the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited
and defined, and by which those powers are distributed among the several departments for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of
the body politic.

💟The Republic of the Philippines is using the 1987 Philippine

Constitution also known as the Freedom Constitution.💟
👉Preamble – introduction to the constitution

“We, the sovereign Filipino, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a government
that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves
and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy, under the rule of law, and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love,
equality, and peace, do ordain and
promulgate this Constitution.”

💟Articles of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

👉Article I National Territory
👉Article II Declaration of Principles and State Policies
👉Article III Bill of Rights
👉Article IV Citizenship
👉Article V Suffrage
👉Article VI Legislative Department
👉Article VII Executive Department
👉Article VIII Judicial Department
👉Article IX Constitutional Commissions
👉Article X Local Government
👉Article XI Accountability of Public Officers
👉Article XII National Economy and Patrimony
👉Article XIII Social Justice and Human Rights
👉Article XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports
👉Article XV The Family
👉Article XVI General Provisions
👉Article XVII Amendments or Revisions
👉Article XVIII Transitory Provisions
💟Article I: National Territory
Section 1. The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other
territories over which the Philippines
has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil,
the insular shelves, and other
submarine areas. The waters around, between and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breath and dimensions,
form part of the internal waters of the Philippines.
💟Article II: Declarations of Principles and State Policies
Basic Principles of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican state. Sovereignty and government authority belong to the people. ART II SEC 1
2. The Philippines renounces war as an element of national policy ART II SEC 2
3. Civilian authority is all times supreme over the military. ART II SEC 3
4. The prime duty of the government is to serve and protect the people. ART II SEC 4
5. The separation of church and state shall be at all times be upheld. ART II SEC 6
6. The government shall provide social justice. ART II SEC 10
💟Article III: Bill of Rights
Basic rights that are recognized and protected by the Constitution:
1. Right to due process of law (Art III Sec 1)
2. Right against unreasonable search and seizure (Art III Sec 2)
3. Right to privacy of communication and correspondence (Art III Sec 3)
4. Right to travel and Liberty of abode (Art III Sec 6)
5. Right to Assembly and Petition/ Right to form association (Art III Sec 8)
💟Article IV: Citizenship
It encapsulates the provisions that will answer the question: Who are the citizens of the Philippines?
💟Article V: Suffrage
Right to vote/Election
💟Article VI: Legislative Department
Philippine Congress is bicameral legislature which consists of :
Upper house: Senate
Lower house: House of Representatives
💟Article VII: Executive Department
President of the Philippines (qualifications, manner of
voting, term of office, powers and limitations)
💟Article VIII: Judicial Department
1. The Supreme Court
2. Intermediate Appellate Court (Court of Appeals)
3. Regional Trial Court (RTC)
4. Municipal Trial Court (MTC), Municipal Circuit Trial Court
In addition to these regular courts, there are two special courts, namely:
1. Court of Tax Appeals
2. Sandiganbayan
The Constitution also provides for two special legal bodies, namely:
1. Judicial and Bar Council
2. Ombudsman (Tanodbayan)
💟Article IX: Constitutional Commissions
1. Commission on Elections
2. Commission on Audit
3. Civil Service Commission
💟Article X: Local Government
Political Subdivisions of the Republic of the Philippines:
1. Provinces
2. Cities
3. Municipalities
4. Barangays
*** Autonomous Regions: ARMM and CAR
💟Article XI: Accountability of Public Officers
 Impeachment
 Sandiganbayan – anti-graft court
 Ombudsman/Tanodbayan – investigates on its own
any act or omission of any public official, employee,
office or agency.
💟Article XII: National Economy and Patrimony
 Distribution of income, wealth and opportunities
 Economy of the nation
 Sustainable development
 Industrialization and full employment
 Agricultural Development
 Agrarian Reform
 Natural Resources
💟Article XIII: Social Justice and Human Rights
 Human dignity
 Reduce social, economic, and political inequalities
 Remove cultural inequities
 Social Justice – commitment to create economic
opportunities based on freedom of initiative and
self-reliance
💟Article XIV: Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports
 Quality education
 System of education
 The study of constitution shall be part of the curricula of all educational institutions
 Language: Filipino is the official language
 Research and Development
 Invention
 Innovation
 Preservation of arts and culture
 Physical education
 Sports Program
 League competitions
 Amateur sports
 Regular sports activities in all educational institutions.
💟Article XV: The Family
 Family is the foundation of the nation
 Marriage
 Family Rights and Duties
💟Article XVI: General Provision
 Flag
 Name of the country
 National anthem
 National seal
 Armed Forces of the Philippines
 The State may not be sued without its consent
 Ownership of mass media is limited to citizens of
the Philippines
💟Article XVII: Amendments or Revisions
-Changing the constitution.
💟Article XVIII: Transitory Provisions:
- Provision about the first election of Philippine congress/ first local election
-Provisions about the revolutionary powers, legislative power of President (Cory Aquino)

LET Reviewer: José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

- June 07, 2019
Specialization
GenEd
ProfEd

Who is JOSE RIZAL?

1. the gifted physician-novelist of the propaganda?
ans: JOSE RIZAL
2. the number of languages which rizal could speak?
ans: MORE OR LESS 22
3. first written novel of rizal
ans: NOLI ME TANGERE (Touch me Not)
4. place where the novel Noli Me Tangere was published
ans: BERLIN (1887)
5. city where the novel the El Filibusterismo was published
ans: GHENT (1891)
6. the spanish priest who denounced Dr. Rizal's novels as enemies of the catholic region?
ans: FR. JOSE RODRIGUEZ
7. a supporter of the propaganda movement and rizal's best friend
ans: DR. FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT
8. the first poem written by rizal
ans: SA AKING MGA KABATA
9. the best poem ever written by Dr. Jose Rizal
ans: MI ULTIMO ADIOS (ang huling paalam)
10. the most cultured of the reformist
ans: DR. JOSE RIZAL
11. know as "Dimasalang" and " Laon Laan"
ans: Dr. Jose Rizal
12. the book written by Rizal in defence of alleged laziness of the Filipinos
ans: LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS FILIPINOS (the indolence of filipinos)
13. Pen name used by Rizal in his writings in La Solidaridad
ans: LAON LAAN/ LAONG LAAN
14. spanish governor who SIGNED the death sentence of Dr. Rizal
ans: GEN. CAMILIO G. DE POLAVIEJA
15. a translation of Rizal's farewell poem written by Andres Bonifacio in tagalog
ans: PAHIMAKAS
16. date of founding of the fortnightly newpaper "La Solidaridad"
ans: FEB 15, 1889
17. date of last issue of La Solidaridad
ans: NOV. 15, 1895
18. the first spanish friar to attack " Noli" and " Fili"
ans: FRAY JOSE RODRIGUEZ
19. Place where Dr. Rizal conceived the idea of establishing Liga Filipina, a civic association composed of filipinos
ans: HONGKONG
20. helped Rd. Rizal in preparing the constitution of La liga Filipina
ans: JOSE MARIA BASA
21. date when rizal was exiled to Dapitan
ans: JULY 14, 1892
22. Dr. Rizal dedicated his famous poem " A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA" (to the filipino youth)
ans: THE LIBERAL MINDED STUDENTS AT THE UST
23. to whom dr. Rizal send his letter with this line: "I AM INNOCENT OF THE CRIME OF REBELLION. I AM GOING TO DIE
WITH A TRANQUIL CONSCIENCE"
ans: FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT
24. The priest who baptized Rizal
ans. FR. RUFINO COLLANETS
25. Philippine president who made December 30 as Day of National Mourning in Rizal honor
ans: EMILIO AGUINALDO
26. The Rizal family had this many siblings
ans: 11
27. In 1868, Don Kiko brought Rizal to this pilgrimage
ans: PENAFRANCIA
28. ) Left an impression to Rizal about the sacrifice on one's life
ans: GOMBURZA
29. Rizal started his formal schooling in
ans: BINAN
30. Our national hero was born on ____
ans: JUNE 19, 1861
31. The complete name of our national hero.
ans: JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA
32. The law which provides that "courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public or private."
ans: RA 1425 / RIZAL LAW
33. Jose Rizal was fondly called ____by his family and friends.
ans: PEPE
34. What does filibustero mean?
ans: ONE WHO IS AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT
35. In what school did Jose Rizal finish his medical course?
ans: UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID
36. Jose Rizal's true love who personified Maria Clara in his novel Noli Me Tangere.
ans: LEONOR RIVERA
37. Jose Rizal died at the age of ____
ans: 35
38. The mother of Jose Rizal was imprisoned for how many years due to allegedly poisoning her cousin-in-law?
ans: 2 YEARS AND 6 MONTHS
39. The godfather of Jose Rizal.
ans: REV. PEDRO CASANAS
40. The ninth child of Francisco and Teodora who was an epileptic and died a spinster.
ans: JOSEFA
41. Jose Rizal's first teacher.
ans: TEODORA ALONZO REALONDA
42. The title "El Filibusterismo" means
ans: SUBVERSIVE
43. The main character of Noli Me Tangere is
ans: CRISOSTOMO IBARRA
44. The main character of El Filibusterismo is
ans: ISAGANI
45. The novel, Noli Me Tangere is about
ans: RELIGION, LOVE, SOCIETY
46. The novel, El Filibusterismo is about
ans: POLITICS & REVOLUTION
47. The novel, Noli Me Tangere is dedicated to
ans: MARIA CLARA
48. Noli Me Tangere was inspired by
ans: UNCLE TOM'S CABIN
49. Simoun is a wealthy jeweller who came back to the Philippines after how many years?
ans: 13
50. Crisostomo Ibarra was a student abroad who had his homecoming after how many years?
ans: 7
51. Pilosopo Tasyo is a character in Noli Me Tangere personified by whom in reality?
ans: PACIANO
52. The heaven-sent financer of Noli Me Tangere.
ans: MAXIMO VIOLA
53. The novel, El Filibusterismo came off the press with the financial assistance of
ans: VALENTIN VENTURA
54. The girlfriend of Isagani who dumped him for another man, believing that she has no future if she marries him.
ans: PAULITA GOMEZ
55. The famous Rizal monument in Luneta was not the work of a Filipino but a Swiss sculptor. What was the sculptor's name?
ans: RICHARD KISSLING
56. Rizal discovered 3 species
ans: DRACO RIZALI (Wandolleck), a specie of flying dragon,
RACHPHOROUS RIZALI(Boetger), a hitherto unknown specie of toad
APOGONIA RIZALI (Heller), a small beetle, which were later named after him.
57. At what age could Jose Rizal read and write?
ans: 2
58. The surname Mercado when translated to english means?
ans: MERCHANT
59. Rizal's dog name is
ans: UZMAN
60. name of Dr. Jose Rizal's son
ans: FRANCISCO (he name his son after his father Francisco Mercado)

1. Ano ang pamahalaang binubuo ng mga Hapones sa bansa na tinatawag ng Central Administrative Organization na binubuo ng 6 na
kagawaran?
Sagot: Pamahalaang Sentralisado

2. Anong batas ang nabuo na nagtadhana ng 3 sangay ng kapangyarihan sa pamahalaan sa panahon ng mga Hapon?
Sagot: Saligang Batas ng 1943

3. Pinangakuan ng mga Hapones ang Pilipinas na bibigyan ng kalayaan kung ito ay makikiisa sa isang patakaran. Ano ang patakarang
ito?
Sagot: Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

4. Nang sumunod ang Pilipinas sa patakaran ng Hapon ay agarang binuwag ang partidong political ng Pilipinas at itinatag ang isang
kapinsanan na siyang nagmaniobra sa pangyayaring political ng bansa. Ano ang kapinsanan na ito?
Sagot: KALIBAPI (Kapinsanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas)

5. Isang komisyon na itinatag noong Hunyo 20, 1943 na inatasang maghanda ng Saligang Batas para sa Republikang tatangkilikin ng
mga Pilipino sa pamumuno ng Hapon.
Sagot: Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence

6. Sino ang naging pangulo ng Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence?

Sagot: Jose P. Laurel
Pangalawang Pangulo: Ramon Avanceña at Benigno Aquino Sr.

7. Ano ang SALIGANG BATAS na pinairal sa panahon ng pananakop ng mga Hapones sa bansa?
Sagot: Saligang Batas ng 1943

8. Sino ang unang pangulo sa Ikalawang Republika ng Pilipinas?

Sagot: Jose P. Laurel
Pangalawang Pangulo: Benigno Aquino Sr.
9. Dahil sa naging sunud-sunuran lamang si Pangulong Jose Laurel sa mga Hapon, ano ang tawag ng kanyang pamahalaan?
Sagot: Republikang Puppet

10. Ano ang tawag sa mga pinunong Pilipino na sumusuporta sa mga gawaing pampulitika ng mga Hapones?
Sagot: Kolaboreytor

11. Ano ang tinawag sa mga Pilipinong nagkanulo sa kanilang kapwa Pilipinong tiyak na makukulong o mapapatay sa oras na sila ay
maiturong lumalaban sa mga Hapones?
Sagot: Makapili

12. Sino ang pangulong hinirang sa Komisyong Tagapagpaganap nang tulyuan ng masakop ng mga Hapones ang Maynila?
Sagot: Jorge B. Vargas

13. Ano ang tinawag ng mga Pilipino sa salaping Papel ng mga Hapones ns itinuring walang kwenta dahil ito ay nagpasindi lamang ng
kahirapan ng mga Pilipino?
Sagot: Mickey Mouse Money

14. Ano ang kulisang gerulya na itinuturing na pinakamatagumpay na nakipaglaban sa mga Hapones. Sila ay mga magsasakang
nagsasamang mag-alsa upang protektahan ang kanilang mga sakahan.
Sagot: HUKBALAHAP (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon)

15. Sino ang namuno sa HUKBALAHAP?

Sagot: Luis Taruc

16. Ano ang tawag sa mga miyembro ng USAFFE at sibilyang namundok upang makibaka para sa kalayaan laban sa mga Hapon?
Sagot: Gerilya

17. Ang ahensiyang ipinatayo ni Jose P. Laurel upang maging maays ang distribusyon at pagbebenta ng pagkaig butil gaya ng bigas?
Sagot: BIBA (Bigasang Bayan)

18. Ito ay binuo sa pangunguna ni Douglas MacArthur kung saan pinagsamang lakas ng mga hukbong Pilippino at Amerikanong
magiting na lumaban sa pwersa ng Hapon?
Sagot: USAFFE

19. Ano ang idineklara ni Heneral Douglas MacArthur upang mailigtas ang Maynila sa trahedya ng digmaan kung saan walang sundalo
na magtatangol sa lungsod?
Sagot: Open City

20. Sino ang humalili kay General MacArthur nang siya ay tumungo sa Australia upang pamunuan ang pwersang Amerikano sa Timog
Kanlurang Pasipiko noong panahon ng digmaan laban sa Hapon?
Sagot: Hen. Jonathan Wainright

21. Kailan sinalakay ang Pearl Harbor?

Sagot: Disyembre 3, 1941

22. Ano ang tawag sa ikalawang republika ng Pilipinas kung saan ang pangulo ay napasailalim ng kapangyarihan ng mga Hapones?
Sagot: Puppet Republic

23. Ano ang tawag sa pulis military ng mga Hapones na nagpapahirap sa mga gerilya?
Sagot: Kempei-tai

24. Natapos ang labanan ng mga Pilipino at Hapones ng bumagsak ang Corregidor at Bataan. Kailan ito nangyari?
Sagot: Mayo 6, 1942

25. Anong kilusan ang binubuo ng mga sundalong Pilipino na namundok para ipaglaban ang bansa laban sa mga Hapones?
Sagot: Kilusang Gerilya

26. Anong panahon ang tawag ng Pilipino sa panahon ng pananakop ng mga Hapones dahil sa kawalan ng seguridad at katiyakan ng
buhay ng mga mamamayan?
Sagot: Panahon ng Kadiliman

27. Ano ang tawag ng mga Hapon sa mga Pilipinong babae na kanilang ginagamit at inaabuso?
Sagot? Comfort Women

28. Anong Batas ang nagbigay daan sa pagtatag ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas?

Sagot: RA Act No. 1870

29. Kailan sinalakay mga Hapon ang Pilipinas kung saan may layuning kontrolin ang ekonomiya ng Pilipinas?
Sagot: Disyembre 7, 1941

30. Isa sa pangyayari noong panahon ng Hapon ay ang pagpapamartsa ng mga sundalong Pilipino at Amerikano mula Bataan hanggang
Pampangga kung saan pinalakad sila ng mga Hapon ng walang pagkain at maiinum na tubig at marami ang namatay sa daan. Ano ang
tawag sa pangyayaring ito?
Sagot: Death March

31. Ilang taon ang pananakop ng mga Hapones sa bansa?

Sagot: 3 taon

Cecilio Segismundo – mensaherong nahuling mga amierkano kaya natagpuan si Aguinaldo

Heneral Funston ng Estados Unidos – naakahuli kay Aguinaldo
March 23, 1901 nahuli si Aguinaldo
April 19,1901 paglagda ni Aguinaldo o pagtanggap ng bayan ang pamahalaan ng EU
MAY 27,1901 – Pagsuko ni Heneral Manuel Tinio ng Nueva Ecija
June 5, 1901 – pagusko ni Heneral Tomas Mascardo
June 24, 1901 – pagsuko ni heneral Cailes
Feb. 27, 1902 – pagsuko ni Vicente Lucban(smar)
April. 17, 1902 – Miguel malvar (Batangas)
William McKinley – Pangulo ng EU na nagpairal ng Pamahalaang Militar sa Pilipinas
August 14, 1898 – Heneral Wesley Meritt nanungkulan bilang unang gobernador military ng Pilipinas
March 2, 1901 – pagtatag ng Pamahalaang Sibil ng Amerika sa bias ng SUSOG SPOONER
June. 4, 1901 – naging gobernador heneral si William Howard Taft
June 1, 1902 – inilipat sa kongreso ng Pilipinas ang pamamahala sa ating bansa. – Batas cooper pamahalaang sibil
Batas Cooper – Talaan ng mga Karapatan

What is the power of the State to take property for public use with just compensation
Eminent Domain

The right to a minimum wage is an example of a ____________ right.

Statutory

The Supreme Court is to the present as _________ is to the Spanish period.

Royal Audiencia

“All persons subject to legislation should be treated alike under like circumstance and conditions both in the privileges conferred and
liabilities imposed.” How is this termed?
Equal protection of the laws

What is the voting age of the Filipino?

18 and above

Based on the classifications of government which applies to the present Philippine government?
De jure government

Which of the following is unconstitutional?

A law prohibiting professional from seeking employment abroad.

Which body ratifies or rejects appointment made by the president?

Commission on Appointments

A votoed bill repassed in congress becomes a law with a

Two-thirds vote of all the members of both houses.

Which is the primary reason behind the constitutional policy on the prohibition of political dynasties?
To give the electorate many alternative candidates to choose from

The Philippines benefits from international recognition of the archipelagic doctrine by the way of:
Elimination of pockets of international waters between some of our islands.

It is the privilege of the President to address and appear before Congress at the opening of its regular session. What do you call this
address?
State of the Nation Address

Which is the exclusive check on hasty and ill-considered legislation?

Veto power

Under which type of right does the right to life fall?

Natural right
Which order of governments correctly applies during the American regime?
Military, Civil, Commonwealth

In connection with government transaction involving public interest, which policy is adopted in the Constitution to assure the public of
accountability and transparency?
Full public disclosure

In which order did the previous Philippine Republics come?

The Philippine Republic under the Malolos Constitution
The Philippine Republic under the Japanese-sponsored Constitution
The Philippine Republic under the 1935 Constitution
I, III ,II

With the basic principle on the rule of the majority, which one follows?
The wishes of the majority prevail over those of the minority.

Which order of governments existed during the Japanese occupation?

Military Administration
The Philippine Executive Commission
The Japanese-sponsored Republic of the Philippines
I, II ,III

Under which type of right is the right to information on public matters classified?
Civil right

The only prominent mountain in the central plain of Luzon is

Mt. Arayat.

Which major region is called “The Land of Promise” because of its rich agricultural lands?
Mindanao

Which, according to some Filipino authors, may partly explain the tendency of the Filipino to be indolent?
The tropical climate

Which correctly describes the topography of the Philippines?

Rugged physical features

Because of its natural resources the Philippines is basically a (an) ________ country.
Agricultural

*Which province in the western coast of Luzon is virtually surrounded by sea waters and has a center for big business and development
processing zone?
Zambales

*When compared with the other countries in size, the Philippines is bigger than
South Korea

The place where the maximum intensity of an earthquake is felt is called a (an)
Epicenter

Which word or phrase does NOT apply to the Philippines?

Landlocked

The largest river system is found in

Luzon

You want to see underground caves and river. Where should you go in the Philippines?
Palawan

Which region is said to offer limited economic opportunities because it is a narrow strip of land surrounded by mountain rangers and sea
so its inhabitants are known to be adventurous, hardworking and frugal?
Ilocos Region

Which province is now linked to the island of Samar because of the construction of San Juanico Bridge?
Leyte

Where in the Philippines are huge marble deposits found?

Romblon
Of the Philippine agricultural products which has been a leading export?
Copra

Which river drains Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Bulacan?

Agno Grande and its tributaries

The island province used to be a sub-province of Iloilo and is known for its sweet mangoes. Which province is referred to?
Guimaras

Which group is described to be one that comes from a region with limited economic opportunities and so migrates to some greener
valleys like Mindanao and Hawaii?
Ilocano

In what region are the cities of Dagupan, Laoag, San Carlos and San Fernando found?
Region I

Which is landlocked, mountainous and hilly province in the north frequently exposed to extensive landslide, which endanger human lives
and agricultural crops?
Benguet

The following are notable features of the 1986 Philippines Constitution EXCEPT
Maintenance of the parliamentary form of government.

Who was the Fiipino native who wanted to be a priest but was rejected because he was a native and so formed a religious brotherhood?
Apolinario de la Cruz

How many constitutional governments did the government have since the Malolos Republic?
4

To eliminate graft and corruption you would like to practice of subjecting outgoing government officials to investigating during the
Spanish period revived. Which would you revive?
Visitador

In whose presidency was the famous MIRACLE RICE produced?

Ferdinand Marcos

The small scattered settlement of early Filipinos under the patriarchal rule of the datu was called?
Barangay

Which is NOT feature of the 1986 Philippine Constitution?

Unicameral legislature

Which factor among others could have contributed to the easy Spanish conquest of the Philippines?
Legaspi’s conciliatory policy in dealing with the Filipinos

As a Filipino people what lesson can one learn from the unsuccessful Filipino revolts against Spain?
Our unity as a people will make us strong to fight aggression.

Which order of presidents correctly applies to Philippine history?

Carlos Garcia
Ramon Magsaysay
Diosdado Macapagal
Ferdiannd Marcos
II-I-III-IV

That part of the island of Borneo, now under Malaysia, over which the Philippines has a claim as its territory for and on behalf of the
heirs of the Sultan of Sulo, is
Sabah

Which could explain why despite the three hundred thirty-three-year Spanish rule in the country, majority of the Filipinos could not
speak Spanish?
The Spaniards did not propagate the Spanish language and the friars learned the native languages and proselytized in the latter.

Philippine literature during the Spanish period served the interest of

Church

The municipal mayor is for today while the _____________ was for the Spanish period.
Gobernadorcillo
explain the indolence of the Filipinos alleged by the Spaniards?
The Filipinos awareness that their labor and industry would only benefit the Spaniards

Who was the prime mover of the campaign of the annexation of the Philippines to the United States?
Pardo de Tavera

What is one proof of the luck of unity among the Filipinos during the Spanish period?
In several instances Filipino natives volunteered to help the Spaniard suppress the Filipino revolts against Spain.

Which function did the chief of the pre-Spanish “barangay” exercise?

Executive, legislative, judicial functions including military powers

Which was one aim of the Ligal Filipina?

To unite the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous, and homogenous body

Which was one feature of the economic policies of Spain in the Philippines during the colonial period?
Monopolistic

Which one merely furthers a person’s individual pleasure and seeks the gratification of self?
Hedonist

Did the Spanish missionaries play a vital role in the conquest of the Filipinos?
Yes, by their benevolence the Spanish missionaries held the conquered territories for Spain.

Who were vinta-sailing Filipinos who succeeded in their resistance and revolts, and were never really conquered by the Spaniards?
The Muslims of Southern Philippines

After 1898 the natives of the Philippines were called Filipinos. Before 1898 what were they called?
Indios

1. In which year did Semi-permanent settlements come up in Africa, Asia and Europe in the year?
Ans : 10,000 BC

2. Greek civilization was flourished in the year ________ ?

Ans : 800 BC

3. Rome was founded in the year ___ ?

Ans : 753 BC

4. In the year ______, Victoria becomes queen of British empire.

Ans : 1837 AD

5. Suez canal opened in the year ______ .

Ans : 1869 AD

6. Queen Victoria�s Golden Jubliee was held in the year ______.

Ans : 1887 AD

7. The Eiffel Tower is built in ________.

Ans : 1889 AD

8. New Zeland becomes first country to grant woman to right to vote in the year _____.
Ans : 1869

9. World War I commenced in

Ans : 1914

10. Who is considered the "Father of the Constitution"?

Ans : James Madison

11. Who was first to reach the South Pole?

Ans : Capt. Amundsen

12. Which was the Napoleon last battle in which he was captured and exiled to St Helena?
Ans : Battle of Waterloo
13. Around 1000 AD, which of these empires was the predominant power of mainland southeast Asia?
Ans : Khmer

14. The first battle of which war was the Battle of Alma?
Ans : Crimean war

15. Buckingham Palace became the official royal residence during the reign of which British monarch?
Ans : Queen Victoria

16. In which year Bangladesh was formed as Separate Country?

Ans : 1971

17. The First Triumvirate was established in 60 B.C. by Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and this Roman general and consul. He
was one of Caesar's many enemies and his son-in-law,he became a ruler of Rome. Who was he?
Ans : Pompey

18. What was the other name given to the French and Indian War (1756-1763)?
Ans : The Seven Years' War

19. During which war in 1870 was the Battle of Sedan fought?
Ans : Franco Prussian war

20. The 1513 Battle of Flodden Field was the largest battle (in terms of numbers) ever fought between which two countries?
Ans : England and Scotland

21. This Russian ruler was the first to be crowned Czar(Tsar) when he defeated the boyars (influential families) in 1547. Who was he?
Ans : Ivan IV (the Terrible)

22. The dominant civilization in the central valley of Mexico was which of the following by 1000 AD?
Ans : Toltec

23. The Great Pyramid of Giza was built for which Egyptian ruler?
Ans : Cheops

24. The first king of modern Greece, Otto I, was the son of King Ludwig I of which state?
Ans : Bavaria

25. Name the person who built Fort Necessity.

Ans : George Washington

26. Bhumibol Adulyadej is the longest-reigning monarch in which country's history?

Ans : Thailand