POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

Govt SKSJT INSTITUTE BENGALURU-560001

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi

TECHNICAL SEMINAR (18CHT27) REPORT ON

“POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENTS”

SUBMITTED BY:
SUNANDA (5WK18CHT13)

M’Tech 2nd semester

GUIDE :

GNANAMURTHY

Assistant professor

Department of Highway Technology

Govt SKSJT INSTITUTE

K R CIRCLE BENGALURU – 560001

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

Govt SKSJT INSTITUTE BENGALURU-560001

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi

DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAY TECHNOLOGY

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THE TECHNICAL SEMINAR WORK TITLED “POROUS

CONCRETE PAVEMENTS” WAS CARRIED OUT BY SUNANDA (5WK18CHT13)

WHO IS BONAFIDE STUDENT OF GOVT SKSJT INSTITUTE, BENGALURU, IN PARTIAL
FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTERS OF TECHNOLOGY IN
HIGHWAY TECHNOLOGY OF THE VISHVESHVARAIAH TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI DURING THE YEAR 2018-2019. IT IS CERTIFIED THAT ALL
CORRECTIONS/SUGGESTIONS INDICATED FOR THE INTERNAL ASSESSMENT HAVE
BEEN INCORPORATED. THE TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT HAS BEEN APPROVED
AS IT SATISFIES THE ACADEMIC REQUIREMENTS IN RESPECT OF TECHNICAL
SEMINAR WORK PRESCRIBED BY THE INSTITUTION FOR THE SAID DEGREE.

Signature of Head of
Signature of Guide
Department

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2

2.1 TYPES

CHAPTER 3

3.1 CONSTITUENTS OF CONCRETE

3.1.1. CEMENT

3.1.2. COURSE AGGREGATE

3.1.3. WATER

CHAPTER 4

4.1 STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE

4.1.1 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN

4.1.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

4.1.3 PERMEABILITY TEST

4.1.4 DURABILITY

CHAPTER 5

5.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

5.1.1. SUBGRADE AND SUBBASE PREPARATION

5.1.2. BATCHING AND MIXING

5.1.3. TRANSPORTATION

5.1.4. PLACEMENT AND CONSOLIDATION

5.1.5. JOINT PLACEMENT

5.1.6. FINISHING

5.1.7. CURING AND PROTECTION

5.1.8. OPENING TO TRAFFIC

CHAPTER 6

6.1 APPLICATION

6.2 MAINTENANCE

6.3 ADVANTAGES

6.4 DISADVANTAGES

CHAPTER 7

7.1 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

ABSTRACT

Pervious concrete was first used in the 1800s in Europe as pavement surfacing
and load bearing walls. Cost efficiency was the main motive due to a decreased
amount of cement. It became popular again in the 1920s for two stories homes in
Scotland and England. It became increasingly viable in Europe after WWII due to
the scarcity of cement. It did not become as popular in the US until the 1970s. In
India it became popular in 2000.

Pervious concrete is a special high porosity concrete used for flatwork

applications that allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass through,
thereby reducing the runoff from a site and recharging ground water levels. Its void
content ranges from 18 to 35% with compressive strengths of 400 to 4000 psi (28 to
281 kg/cm 2). The infiltration rate of pervious concrete will fall into the range of 2
to 18 gallons per minute per square foot (80 to 720 liters per minute per square
meter). Typically, pervious concrete has little or no fine aggregate and has just
enough cementitious paste to coat the coarse aggregate particles while preserving
the interconnectivity of the voids. Pervious concrete is traditionally used in parking
areas, areas with light traffic, pedestrian walkways, and greenhouses and contributes
to sustainable construction.

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

CHAPTER 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Pervious concrete which is also known as no fines, porous, gap graded, and permeable
concrete and enhance porosity concrete has been found to be a reliable storm water management
tool. By definition, pervious concrete is a mixture of gravel or granite stone, cement, water, little
to no sand (fine aggregate). When pervious concrete is used for paving, the open cell structures
allow storm water to filter through the pavement and into the underlying soils. In other words,
pervious concrete helps in protecting the surface of the pavement and its environment.

Pervious concrete has the same basic constituents as conventional concrete that is 15% -
30% of its volume consists of interconnected void network, which allows water to pass through
the concrete. High range water reducer and thickening agent are introduced in the concrete to
improve its strength and workability. It can allow the passage of 0.014-0.023 m3 of water per
minute through its open cells for each square foot 0.0929 m2 of surface area which is far greater
than most rain occurrences. Pervious concrete is rough textured, and has a honeycombed surface,
with moderate amount of surface ravelling which occurs on heavily travelled roadways. Carefully
controlled amount of water and cementitious materials are used to create a paste. The paste then
forms a thick coating around aggregate particles, to prevent the flowing off the paste during mixing
and placing. Using enough paste to coat the particles maintain a system of interconnected voids
which allow water and air to pass through. The lack of sand in pervious concrete results in a very
harsh mix that negatively affects mixing, delivery and placement. Also, due to high void content
pervious concrete is light in weight (about 1600 to 1900kg/m3). Pervious concrete void structure
provides pollutant captures which also add significant structural strength as well. It also results in
very high permeable concrete that drains quickly.

Pervious concrete can be used in a wide range of applications, although its primary use in
pavements which are in: residual roads, alleys and driveways, low volume pavements, low water
crossings, sidewalks and pathways, parking areas, tennis courts, slope stabilization, sub-base for
conventional concrete pavements etc

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

CHAPTER 2

TYPES OF POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

1. Porous asphalt
2. Porous concrete
3. Porous interlocking concrete block pavement
4. Other pavements

1) Porous Asphalt :
Porous asphalt pavement include one or more layers of porous asphalt underlain
by a choke stone layer or treated base layer and aggregate base/subbase reservoir. Layer
depth is based on structural load, storm water requirements and frost depth requirements.
2) Porous Concrete:
Porous concrete consists of hydraulic cementitious binding system combined with
an open graded aggregate to produce a rigid, durable pavement. Porous concrete is
typically placed over a choke stone layer and aggregate base/subbase reservoir.
3) Porous interlocking concrete block pavement:
It consists of manufactured concrete blocks that form permeable voids and joints
when assembled into a laying pattern. The joints allow storm water to flow into a crushed
stone aggregate bedding layer and base/subbase reservoir that support the pavers
4) Others :
 Grid pavement
 Rubber ovelay pavement
 Rubber composite permeable pavement

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

CHAPTER 3

3.1 CONSTITUENTS OF CONCRETE

If a constituent is to be suitable for a particular purpose, it is necessary to select the
constituent materials and combine them in such a manner as to develop the special qualities
required as economical as possible. The selection of materials and choice of method of
construction is not easy, since many variables affect the quality of the concrete produced, and both
quality and economy must be considered. The characteristics of concrete should be evaluated in
relation to the required quality for any given construction purpose.

3.1.1. CEMENT

Ordinary Portland cement, 53 grade conforming to IS: 269 – 1976. Ordinary Portland
cement, 53 grade was used for casting all the specimens. Different types of cement also will
produce concrete have a different rates of strength development. The choice of brand and type of
cement is the most important to produce a good quality of concrete. The type of cement affects the
rate of hydration, so that the strengths at early ages can be considerably influenced by the particular
cement used.

3.1.2. COURSE AGGREGATE

Locally available crushed granite stones conforming to graded aggregate of nominal size
12.5 mm as per IS: 383-1970. Several investigations concluded that maximum size of coarse
aggregate should be restricted in strength of the composite. In addition to cement paste – aggregate
ratio, aggregate type has a great influence on concrete dimensional stability.

3.1.3. WATER

Casting and curing of specimens were done with the portable water which is available.

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CHAPTER 4

4.1 STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE

For the evaluation of the structural performance of the pervious concrete in civil
engineering construction, the effects of varying the aggregate size on the compressive strength and
permeability and durability of pervious concrete were studied. This study covers the simple use of
pervious concrete as pavement material in the construction of pedestrian walkways and parking
lots.

4.1.1 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN

Three batches of test specimen were produced from each of the aggregate size representing
aggregate cement ratios of 6:1, 8:1 and 10:1 with no fines in the mixes. The materials were batched
by weight as in Table3.1. As earlier stated, two different sizes of coarse aggregate (crushed stone
or granite) were used in this study. The sizes are 3/8-inch (9.375mm) and 3/4-inch (18.75mm)
granite. The specific gravity test carried out on the two aggregate sizes gave average value of 2.7.
For the two aggregate sizes, the mix proportions were done by weight. From each of the batches,
8 of 150mm concrete cubes were taken. The mix proportioning are as shown in Table.

Mix Proportion by Weight of Aggregate and Cement

The batched materials are thoroughly hand-mixed with water so as to obtain uniform and
homogenous pervious concrete. Water/cement ratio of 0.4 was added to form a cement paste, ACI
211.3R (2002) stipulates that the ratio should be between 0.35 and 0.45. A total of 24 cubes were
produced for each aggregate size for different mix ratio of 6:1, 8:1 and 10:1 of coarse aggregate
and cement.

4.1.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

The aim of the test is to determine the compressive strength of pervious concrete. The test
was carried out in accordance with BS1881-108: 1983 and ACI 522R-10. The cubes were tested
for compressive strength at specify ages of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of curing. The compressive
strength of pervious concrete is calculated thus:
Compressive strength = (crushing load, kN)/(area of cross section, m2)

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

Compression Testing Machine

The compressive strength of the pervious concrete increases with increase in age and as
the aggregate/cement ratio reduces as observed in Table 3.2 and 3.3. Also, the compressive
strength of the 3/8’’ aggregate is greater than that of 3/4” for the same age and aggregate/cement
ratios as shown in tables

Compressive Strength at age 7, 14, 21, 28 days for 6:1, 8: 1 and 10:1
Aggregate/Cement ratio and aggregate size of ¾” (20MM)

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

Compressive Strength at age 7, 14, 21, 28 days for 6:1, 8: 1 and 10:1
Aggregate/Cement ratio and aggregate size of 3/8” (10MM)

Aggregate/cement ratio of 6:1, 8:1 and 10:1 had compressive strength of 29%, 18% and
15% respectively of 28N/mm2 which is the maximum value stipulated by ACI 552R-10 on 28th
day of curing for aggregate size 20MM. In addition, for the same aggregate cement ratio(6:1 ,8:1
and 10:1) the compressive strength of the concrete were found to be 39%, 29% and 26% of the
value stipulated by ACI 552R-10 which is 28 N/mm2 for aggregate size 10MM.
Conclusively, the A/C of 6:1 had the highest value of compressive strength and aggregate
size 3/8” produced the best results.

4.1.3 PERMEABILITY TEST

The permeability of pervious concrete was determined using a falling head permeability
set up. Water was allowed to flow through the sample, through a connected standpipe which
provides the water head. Before starting the flow measurement, the samples were wrapped with
polythene inside the cylinder. Then the test started by allowing water to flow through the sample
until the water in the standpipe reached a given lower level. A constant time of 5 sec was taken for
the water to fall from one head to another in the standpipe. The standpipe was refilled and the test
was repeated when water reached a lower level as shown in Fig. The permeability of the pervious
concrete sample was evaluated from the expression given below:

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

Where,
a = the sample cross section area
A = the cross section of the standpipe of diameter (d) = 0.95cm2
L = the height of the pervious concrete sample
(t2- t1) = change in time for water to fall from one level to another (5secs.)
h1= upper water level
h2= Lower water level
D= diameter of sample (10.5 cm)
d= diameter of standpipe (1.1 cm)

Falling head permeability set up

3.2 Durability of pervious concrete
Concrete durability is one of the most important considerations in the design of new
structures and when assessing the condition of existing structures. Concrete construction is
becoming increasingly complex and the importance of producing structures that are both cost
effective and durable has never been higher. The main purpose of durability is about minimizing
the rate of deterioration. Durability of Concrete is related to the design process, specification of
materials, workmanship, environmental effects, accidents and repairs. The Durability of Concrete
is the resistance of concrete to weathering action, chemical attack, abrasion and other degradation
processes. Cylinders of size 100 mm diameter and 200 mm height are made for an experimental
investigation of Durability of Pervious Concrete. Pervious Concrete has been casted with different
concrete mix proportion such as 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10 with 18.75 mm and 9.375 mm gravel size with
OPC 53 Grade Cement.
Physical properties of OPC 53 grade

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

4.1.4 DURABILITY (Sodium Chloride Solution) TEST: [IS 445:2000]

For the durability test the oven dried specimens having known volume will be weighted on
the digital weighing machine and calculated to the mass of specimen per unit volume. To
investigate the effect of sodium chloride solution the specimens will be tested for percentage
change in weight after 28 days immersion in sodium chloride solution. Percentage change in
weight determination will be carried out in the same manner as of in the water absorption test.

Durability test results for cylinder (100mmⱷ &200mm height)

Pervious concrete made from coarse aggregate size 9.375mm had compressive strength
value of 39% compared to that of 18.75mm which is 29% of the maximum value of strength
stipulated by ACI 552-R10 (i.e. 28N/mm2) for aggregate cement ratio A/C 6:1. It is clearly seen
from the experimental result that Pervious Concrete has very low Compressive Strength as well as
Flexural Strength, so it cannot be used for “structural application” but it should be significantly
used for so many other applications such as, sidewalks, parking lots, sports surfaces, swimming
pool decks, driveways.

The aggregate/cement ratio of 10:1 produced pervious concrete of higher co-efficient of

permeability of 3.12x10-3cm/sec and 3.89x10-3cm/sec for aggregate size 9.375mm and 18.75mm
respectively.
18.75 mm size gravel with 1:6 proportion made with OPC is more durable (0.34%) compared to
other and similarly 9.375 mm size gravel with 1:6 mix proportion made with OPC is more durable
(0.36%) compared to other.

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

CHAPTER 5

5.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

5.1.1. SUBGRADE AND SUBBASE PREPARATION

Uniformity of subgrade support is a key criterion for placing pervious pavement. As in

other types of pavements, truck ruts and other irregularities must be smoothed and compacted prior
to placement. Since subgrade and subbase preparation are critical components of pervious concrete
pavement performance. Compaction to a minimum density of 90% to 95% of theoretical density
(per AASHTO T 180) is often recommended for consistent subgrade support; however, increasing
the subgrade density decreases its permeability. Local geotechnical engineers may be the best
source of knowledge regarding the properties of subgrade soils.

Since pervious pavements contain minimal water and high porosity, care must be taken to
ensure that the pavement does not dry out prematurely. The subgrade must be moist (without free-
standing water) prior to placement, in order to prevent water from being removed from the lower
portion of the pavement too soon. This is recommended practice for conventional concrete
pavement placement if conditions for high evaporation rates are present, but is even more
important in pervious concrete placement because the high voids can allow more rapid drying,
with a subsequent decrease in strength and durability, under less extreme conditions.

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

5.1.2. BATCHING AND MIXING

The special properties of pervious concrete require tighter control of mixture

proportioning. In particular, the water content of pervious concrete is limited to a narrow range to
provide adequate strength and permeability, and prevent the paste from flowing off the aggregates
and closing the open structure. A limited paste content means that added water will have a more
drastic impact than that experienced in conventional concrete applications. Aggregate moisture
level should be monitored carefully and accounted for, as both water absorbed by the aggregate
and excess moisture supplied with the aggregate can be detrimental. Contractors and producers
must work together to ensure a proper mixture prior to delivery at the job site. On some occasions,
slight adjustments to the water content may be necessary at the job site to achieve proper
consistency; however, this should be done with care because jobsite additions of water can be
difficult to control. The correct water content will provide a mix with a sheen. A unit weight test
is necessary to provide assurance of consistent mixture proportions. Unit weights between 1600
kg/m³ and 2000 kg/m³ are typical.
Aggregate and cement proportions will be established by testing and by experience with
locally available materials, as variations in material characteristics (for example, cement setting
times, strength development rates, aggregate shape, gradation, and density) will limit the
usefulness of “cook book” or prescriptive mix designs. Almost certainly, the mixtures will be stiff.
Conventional concrete mixing equipment is used, although mixing times may be extended
compared to conventional concrete.

5.1.3. TRANSPORTATION

Because pervious concrete has a low water content, special attention is required during
transportation and placement. Its very low slump may make discharge from transit mixers slower
than for conventional concrete; transit mixers with large discharge openings or paving mixers tend
to provide a faster unloading time. A pervious pavement mixture should be discharged completely
within one hour after initial mixing. The use of retarding chemical admixtures or hydration-
stabilizing admixtures may extend discharge times to 1½ hours or more. High ambient
temperatures and windy conditions will have more pronounced effects relative to conventional
pavements, and should be taken into account.

5.1.4. PLACEMENT AND CONSOLIDATION

A variety of placement techniques can be used for constructing pervious concrete

pavements; as with conventional concrete, placement techniques are developed to fit the specific
jobsite conditions. It should be noted that pervious concrete mixtures cannot be pumped, making
site access an important planning consideration. Prior to placement, the subbase preparation and
forms should be double-checked. Any irregularities, rutting, or misalignment should be corrected.

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

Pervious concrete is usually placed and then struck off

with a vibratory screed.

Each load of concrete should be inspected visually for consistency and aggregate coating.
The stiff consistency of pervious concrete means that slump testing is not a useful method of
quality control. Unit weight tests provide the best routine test for monitoring quality, and are
recommended for each load of pervious concrete. Placement should be continuous, and spreading
and strike off should be rapid (see Figure 11). Conventional formwork is used. Mechanical
(vibrating) and manual screeds are commonly used, although manual screeds can cause tears in
the surface if the mixture is too stiff. Other devices, such as laser screeds, could also be used. For
pavements, it is recommended to strike off about ½ to ¾ in. (15 to 20 mm) above the forms to
allow for compaction. One technique for accomplishing this is to attach a temporary wood strip
above the top form to bring it to the desired height. After strike off, the strips are removed and the
concrete is consolidated to the height of the form. Special height-adjusting vibrating screeds have
also been used to provide the extra height. With vibrating screeds, care should be taken that the
frequency of vibration is reduced to avoid over-compaction or closing off of the surface, resulting
in blocked voids. Edges near forms are compacted using a 1x1 ft (300mm x 300mm) steel tamp
(like those used in decorative stamped concrete), a float, or another similar device to prevent
raveling of the edges.

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

Consolidation is generally accomplished by rolling over the concrete with a steel roller
which compacts the concrete to the height of the forms. Because of rapid hardening and high
evaporation rates, delays in consolidation can cause problems; generally, it is recommended that
consolidation be completed within 15 minutes of placement.

5.1.5. JOINT PLACEMENT

Compaction of pervious concrete with a steel roller.

Control joints should be placed if prevention of random cracking of the pavement is

desired, although the joint spacing is usually larger than for conventional concrete pavements
because pervious concrete tends to shrink much less. Recommended joint spacing of 20 ft (6 m)
have been suggested, although some installations have had joint spacing of 45 ft (13.5 m) or more
without uncontrolled cracking. Prevention of uncontrolled reflective cracking is accomplished by
installing joints at the same locations as in the adjoining pavements-- see Figure 12, which shows
pervious concrete after screeding on the left and after compaction on the right. Note that the joint

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

is aligned with the previously-placed slab to avoid reflective cracking, and the roller used for
compaction is visible on the far right. As for conventional pavements, joints ¼ of the slab thickness
provide good control of cracking.
Because setting time and shrinkage are accelerated in pervious concrete construction, joint
installation should be soon after consolidation, with a rolling joint tool (see Figure 14). Another
technique, suitable for small sections, is to drive a steel straightedge to the required depth with a
hammer. Saw-cutting joints is also
Possible, but is not preferred because slurry from sawing operations may block some of the voids,
and excessive raveling of the joints often results. Removing covers to allow sawing also slows
curing, and it is recommended that the surfaces be re-wet before the covering is replaced.
As noted previously, some pervious concrete pavements are not jointed, as random cracking is not
viewed as a significant deficit in the aesthetic of the pavement (considering its texture, and has no
significant affect on the structural integrity of the pavement.

5.1.6. FINISHING

Joint roller, commonly referred to as a "pizza cutter."

Typically, pervious concrete pavements are not finished in the same way as conventional concrete
pavements. Normal floating and troweling operations tend to close up the top surface of the voids,
which defeats the purpose (for most applications) of pervious concrete. For the majority of
pervious pavements, the “finishing” step is the compaction. This leaves a rougher surface, but can
improve traction.

5.1.7. CURING AND PROTECTION

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POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

The open structure and relatively rough surface of pervious concrete exposes more surface
area of the cement paste to evaporation, making curing even more essential than in conventional
concreting. Water is needed for the chemical reactions of the cement, and it is critical for pervious
concrete to be cured promptly. In some regions, it is common to apply an evaporation retarder
before compaction to minimize any potential for surface water loss.

Plastic sheeting should be used to cover the pervious concrete, and should be installed
within a few minutes of consolidation to prevent moisture loss.

Because pervious concrete pavements do not bleed, they can have a high propensity for
plastic shrinkage cracking. In fact, “curing” for pervious slabs and pavements begins before the
concrete is placed-- the subgrade must be moistened to prevent it from absorbing moisture from
the concrete. After placement, fog misting followed by plastic sheeting is the recommended
curing procedure, and sheeting should remain in place for at least seven days. Using sand or dirt
to hold plastic sheeting in place is not recommended because clogging of the voids could result
from spillage on removal. Instead, it is recommended to secure plastic sheeting with lumber,
rebar, stakes, or other methods.
Curing should be started as soon as practical after placing, compacting, and jointing. Best
practice calls for curing to begin within a maximum of 20 minutes after these procedures. High
ambient temperatures and windy conditions will have more pronounced effects relative to
conventional pavements, and should be taken into account.

5.1.8. OPENING TO TRAFFIC

For pavement applications that will see traffic in service, it is generally recommended that
the pavements not be opened to construction or public traffic for seven days. Continuous curing is
recommended until the pavement is opened.

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CHAPTER 6

6.1 APPLICATION

1. Low volume pavements

2. Residential roads, drive ways
3. Sidewalks and pathways
4. Parking areas
5. Low water crossings
6. Tennis courts
7. Subbase for conventional concrete
8. Well linings
9. Tree grates in sidewalk’s
10. Floors for green houses, fish hatcheries
11. Aquatic amusement centers and zoos
12. Hydraulic structures
13. Swimming pool decks
14. Pavement edge drains

6.2 MAINTENANCE

 The majority of pervious concrete pavements function well with little or no maintenance.
However, after repeated water flows, debris and residue may lodge within the top 1” to 1
¼” of the void structure.
 Maintenance of pervious concrete pavement consists primarily of removing this debris and
residue from the void structure to rejuvenate some of its original permeability.
 In preparing the site prior to construction, drainage of surrounding landscaping should be
designed to prevent flow of materials onto pavement surfaces.
 Soil, rocks, leaves, and other debris may infiltrate the voids and hinder the flow of water,
decreasing the utility of the pavement.
 Landscaping materials such as mulch, sand, and topsoil should not be on the concrete, even
temporarily.

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6.3 ADVANTAGES
It reduces the storm water runoff
Ø Eliminates the need for detention ponds and other costly storm water management practices
Ø Replenishes the aquifers and water table
Ø Allows more efficient land development
Ø Prevents water from entering into the stream and also prevents it from being polluted
Ø Less need for storm sewer
Ø Green building alternative suitable for many application
Ø Natural run-off allows rainwater to drain directly to sub-base
Ø Reduced pollution prevents environmental damage
Ø Keeps pavement surfaces dry even in wet situation, such as green houses
Ø Allows water and air to get to the roots of trees within a parking area
Ø Pervious concrete performs noise absorption
Ø Water purifying performance
Ø A parking lot properly constructed from pervious concrete has a life span ten times as long as
an asphalt lot, thereby providing excellent long term benefits. It is true that the initial costs for
pervious pavement may be slightly higher due to the preparation of the sub-base, but those who
look long term will realize the economic benefits
Ø Useful for irrigation that is retain water to be used for irrigation
Ø Lower installation costs due to the elimination of costly curbs, gutters, storm drain outlets and
retention basins that cost two to three times more to construct than pervious. Less money will be
needed for labor, construction and
maintenance of ponds, pumps, drainage pipes and other storm water management systems.
Ø Allows for the use of existing storm sewer systems for new developments
Ø Lower life-cycle costs equal to that of conventional concrete that if properly constructed will
last for 20 to 40 years. Pervious requires fewer repairs than asphalt, and can be recycled once it
has reached its lifecycle.

6.4 DISADVANTAGES

Ø Runoff from adjacent areas onto pervious concrete needs to be prevented.

Ø The parking areas are generally limited to auto parking and occasional trucks.
Ø If reinforcement is required, epoxy coated bars should be used.
Concrete is variable in permeability; over vibration significantly reduces permeability.

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CHAPTER 7

7.1 CONCLUSION

 Pervious concrete is a cost-effective and environmental friendly solution to support

sustainable construction.
 Its ability to capture storm water and recharge ground water while reducing storm
water runoff enables pervious
 concrete play a significant role. Due to its potential to reduce the runoff, it is
commonly used as pavement material.
 The smaller the size of coarse aggregate should be able to produce a higher
compressive strength and at the same time produce a higher permeability rate.

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REFERENCES

1. S.O. Ajamu, et,al. “Evaluation of Structural Performance of Pervious Concrete in

Construction”, International Journal of Engineering and
Technology Volume 2 No. 5, May, 2012.
2. Darshan S. Shah , et.al. “Pervious Concrete: New Era For Rural Road”,
International Journal Of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), Volume 4 Issue 8,
August 2013.
3. Darshan S, et.al. “An Experimental Study of Durability and Water Absorbtion Properties of
Pervious Concrete”, International Journal of
Research In Engineering and Technology, eISSN: 2319- 1163, pISSN: 2321- 7308.
4. Darshan S, “An Experimental Study on Hardened Properties of Pervious Concrete”, Journal Of
Engineering Academic Research For Multi
Disciplinary Impact factor 1.393, ISSN:2320-5083, Volume 2, Issue 3, April 2014
5. M. Harshavarthana Balaji, et.al. “Design of Eco Friendly Pervious Concrete”,International
Journal Of Civil Engineering and Technology
(IJCIET), Volume 6, Issue2, February (2015)
6. Karthik H. Obla, “Pervious concrete –An overview”, The Indian Concrete
Journal, August 2010

7. Neetu B. Yadav, et.al. “Pervious Concrete: Solution for Low Cost Construction”, International
Journal of Innovative Science and Modern
Engineering (IJISME) ISSN: 2319–6386, Volume-1, Issue-10, September 2013

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