288 JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION

the same host while unrelated strains may produce an additive Errors have been few and the literature has been covered quite
or even intensified effect. It follows that serological analyses of well for the type of audience for which this book was written.
virus complexes, such as are considered in the next two chapters,
S. S. KIBTLER
offer a valuable complement to other techniques of biochemical NORTON COMPANY
assay. "The methods have been used to show not only that w ~ ~ ~ ,M~~~~~~~~~~~
, ~ ~ . ,
viruses which were thought previously to be unrelated, because
they cause differentsymptoms or have different host ranges, are
related strains. but thev h v e been valurtble also in demonatrah
~ ~~~~

ing that some &nica71y similar diseasesa~etialogieall~ different!' PROGRESS IN COAL SCIENCE
From serological considerations the author passes on in the
ensuing half of the book to the chemical and physical properties Edited by D. H.Bangham,' Director of Research Laboratories,
of purified vim8 preparations, crystallinity, particle and British Coal Utilisation Research Assodation. Interscience Pub.
types of inactivation. As is well known, the electron microscope ]ishers. New York. 1950. xi + 456 pp. 32 figs. 27
has given a greatly increased advantage to the physicochemical tables. 12 plates. 16 X 25 cm. $7.
approach to the subject, since the particles concerned are under
200 mp in size.
oonsiats of reviews a series articles
which were privately circulated in the Monthly Bulletin of the
A concluding chapter on origins points out the relationship of British Coal Utilisation Research Asaooirttion during 1943-4,,
the nucleoprotein extracts, currently known as or associated with The vie,,. was that Ma useful purpose would be served by making
viruses, to the many organic compounds, including enzyme sys- these available to a wider public. The selection of subjeeta for
tern, involved in cell metabohm. Unique in their property of this volume , , , has heen dictated by the desire to present upto-
self-multiplication, v i ~ s e smay represent, however, metabolites date information in fields inadequately covered by existing text-
that under certain conditions develop in considerable excesP, books. I t is hoped that this ohoice will be such as to appeal to
Certainly, they can no longer be conceived as primordial, proto- a wide range ofreaders: to students. , .; to scientists in industry
plasmic units.
Here is a reference book that is invaluable to students and work-
. .
. .; and . . to workers in all countries engaged in the task of
our knowledge of coal and of its technology and utili-
ers in both physical and biochemistry. satinn ,*
GEORGE L. CHURCH The book covers five main fields of discussiou which in turn are
subdivided into 26 chapters.
In the first section entitled "Modern Experimental Tech-
niques" are contained the following chapters: Cryetallographic
Techniques in Chemical Analysis, Applications of Absorption
0 COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS Spectroscopy to Organic Compounds, Mass Spectrometry for
Chemical Analysis, Chromatographic Adsorption Analysis,
Earl K. Fischer, National Bureau of Standards. John Wiley and Photographic Techniques in Combustion Research, and Measure-
Sons, Inc., New York, 1950. mi + 387 pp. 71 figs. 67 tables. ment of Flame Emissivity.
15.5 X 24 cm. $7.50. The section on "Fine Particles" deals with Fine Powders and
Particles in Industry, Particle Size Measurement, Assessment of
ALTHOUGH the objective of this book iato covw dispersion%of Specific Surface by Adsorption Methods, Non-Mechanical
solids in liquid media, it is almost entirely devoted to industrial Methods of Size Reduction, and Grindability of Coal.
processes involved in producing surface coatings and inks. This Chapters on Formation of Humus and its Relation to Coal,
limitation eliminates a vast amount of colloid chemical literature Analysis and Sempling of Solid Fuel, Occurrence of Rare Ele-
of less economic but considerable theoretical interest. It also ments in Coal Ashes, and Cod Petrology are found in the section
limits the major attention to particles in the upper range of col- dealing with "Coal Constituents."
loidal dimensions. The dimensional limits of colloidal particles Under the "Organic Chemistry of Cod Products" are chapters
are defined in the hook as 1 micron and 1 millimicron, but with on: Action of Chemical Reagents on Bituminous Coal, Action
the exception of carbon blacks, which range downward to 3 of Oxygen on Coal at Moderate Temperatures, Progress of Coal
millimicrons, most of the attention is given to particles above Tar Research in the Period 1910 to 1940, Recent Work on Coal
50 millimicrons in diameter. Though this limitation of the book Tar, and Hydrocarbon Synthesis.
is left for the reader to discover, it is a desirable one in order to The last section deals with "Chemical Aspects of Combustion
retain the book within reasonable dimensions and to focus it upon and Gasification" and includes the following chapters: Combus;
industrial andioations.
~.~
The hooc bopns with a verv
~ ~ ~~.
. satisfaetorv discussion on oarticle tion in Fuel Beds, Some Kinetic Aspects of Gas Phase Combus;
tion, Sulfur Compounds in Combustion, Effectof Inorganic Com-
sim, it3 mcnning and rnmrurmwnt. Here is iouud a very read- pounds on the Behavior of Coals and Cokes, Coal Ash: Chemical
able description of ihc mewing oi particle &e and the wght dif- Composition as a Guide to Behavior in Furances, and Recent
ferent average diameters found in the literature. The measure- Developments in Gasification.
ment of particle size by sieving, optical microscopy, ultramicros- The purpose of the book in making more generally available to
copy, electron microscopy, adsorption of gasea and vapors, sedi- coal invatigators the recent advances in speoialiaed fields has
mentation, diffusion, X-ray measurements, and turbidity is given been fulfilled. However, because of the time lag involved, this
adequate attention. In addition, detailed attention is given to purpose would be better served in the future if the original
some of the more common pigments. BCURA articles themselves were given wider distribution.
Following the discussion of particle size are three chapters The chapter dealing with non-mechanical methods of wise re
devoted to the dispersed state and a discussion of such matters duction is, so far as the reviewer knows, the only published com-
as the solid liquid interface, the contact angle, adhesion tension, parison of the effectiveness of the various types of equipment de-
spreading of liquids on solids, flocculrttion, and rheological prop- pendent on impact, attrition or explosion effectson the particles.
erties. The last-named subject is dealt with in good detail, and I t is stated that "these novel methods of pulverizing are, in
... and dilatancv have been clearlv. -Dre- general, less satisfactory thsn conventional mechanical methods.
DlastiC flow, thixotro~v.
sented. For superhe grinding mechanical mills can hardly compete with
The last third of the book is devoted to dispersing methods. the attrition type mill and the requirements of the gas turbine
It gives a good outline of the influence of surface-active agents lend impetus to research on non-mechanical mills of all types."
and of the current practice with roll mills, ball and pebble mills, In the discussion on "grindability of coals'' it is emphasized that
disc and eone.mills, and dispersion by phase transfer. different t y ~ e of
s minding tests olace coals in different orders of
Altogether, the reviewer finds this book to be, within the limits
of its coverage, a very satisfactory presentation of the subject. 1 Deceased