Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. 30, No.

1 (2017) 51-58

Overview of Major Industries in Bangladesh

Ahaduzzaman, Prottasha Sarkar, Aniqa Anjum and Easir A Khan
Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET),
Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract
Industrialization is an essential prerequisite for rapid economic growth of a developing country like
Bangladesh. This study shows the major industrial growth of the country and their impact on the national
economic development, public safety, health and environment. The capacity, productivity and
export/import values of industrial products are used to establish the baseline scenario. There are
significant numbers of chemical intensive industries such as textile, leather, food, fertilizer and
pharmaceutical industry that have direct impact on socio economic development of the country. It is
worth noting that Bangladesh is not only importing industrial products from other countries but also
exporting a substantial amount of product to over 100 countries of the world and shows an impressive
growth in industrial sectors Rapid industrial growth often offers a huge burden of environmental pollution
and associated risks. Thus, there are still lots of space for Bangladesh to flourish in this sector. This
study presents the prospects, and recommendations for major industrial sectors to achieve safe and
sustainable industrial growth in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Industrialization, Environmental Pollution, Export & Import, Safety and Sustainability

1. Introduction and future outlook for chemical in Bangladesh. The

study is mainly based on secondary sources of data
Bangladesh is a developing country in the world. which was collected from various books, journals,
The economic development is largely dependent on research works, publications etc. The study
the industrial advancement of a country. provides essential market information for decision-
Industrializations have a great contribution to makers for the related business personnel including.
minimize the unemployment problem in this country
 To gain an in-depth understanding of industrial
and can raise social productivity by producing
goods on a mass scale[1]. The gross economy of is markets in Bangladesh.
increasing with the industrialization in Bangladesh.  To identify the ongoing trends of different
It proves that industries have a great contribution on industrial sector in Bangladesh.
the country economy. No country in the world is  To examine the contribution of industrial sector
self-sufficient in the production of all types of goods in the national economy.
and services. Every country has to import to meet
the demand of its own. Bangladesh is no exception 2. Industrial Sectors in Bangladesh
to that. Bangladesh has production deficit in
necessary equipment’s, medicine, vehicles and Instead of being a developing country, almost one-
imported these from foreign countries. At the same third of her population is under extreme poverty.
time, Bangladesh is producing garments, Bangladesh has one of the largest populations in
pharmaceuticals, cements and many other goods the world with over 162 million inhabitants (as of
excessively after meeting her demand. So it is 2016). [15] Due to Bangladesh’s relatively small
understood that Bangladesh can meet its deficit by land mass, its population density is also one of the
importing goods and can export her excess highest in the world; with more than 1,200
produced goods after meeting up own demand. inhabitants per square km. There is different type of
Poor countries like Bangladesh can earn valuable industries in Bangladesh, although the productivity
foreign exchange by exporting manufactured growth that comes from industrialization depends on
products and the foreign exchange can be used to the growth of high-value-adding modern industries,
invest in newer machines and technologies so that most of the firms in the industrial sector in
a rapid growth of industry becomes possible. Bangladesh are small-scale or traditional cottage
Bangladesh is the 54th largest importer and 55th industries. They are often firms in the informal
largest export economy in the world as reported in sector, which means that these firms are too small
2015 [11]. During the last five years the imports to come under the regulatory structures of the state.
and exports of Bangladesh have increased at an Because of the development in RMG sector and
annualized rate of 8.7% and 11.9% respectively microcredit, GDP growth rated are above 5 percent
[11]. This market research report offers a in the last decade. Bangladesh has a growing
perspective on the actual market situation, trends economy, having maintained a steady GDP
growth averaging above 6 percent since 2010. As in
*
Corresponding author: Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan
Email: [email protected]
 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. 30, No. 1 (2017) 51-58

most growing economies, contribution of the sector began in 1972 with 72 jute mills, 44 textile
Agriculture sector to GDP has been on a steady mills, 15 sugar mills, 1 still mill, a diesel engine unit
decline, with Services making up most of GDP, and a shipbuilding industry. However, all these
followed by the Industries sector. Bangladesh industries turned into loosing concerns very soon
operates a thriving textile and clothing export due to mainly mismanagement and secret removal
industry and is one of the world’s largest garment of wealth and capital. The development of new
exporters. Garments account for almost 80 percent industries like sulfuric acid, chemicals, paper,
of its total exports. [16] Large-scale industries are caustic soda, glass, fertilizer, ceramic utensils,
also likely to enjoy faster productivity growth cement, still and engineering was slow before
compared to small-scale and cottage industries. 1985.New industrial ventures set up in the 1980s in
Productivity is a measure of the output produced in Bangladesh have been playing a significant role in
that industry and productivity growth measures the the country’s economy. These include, shipbuilding
rate of growth chemicals import and use. There are industry, motor vehicle assembling plant, oil
various types of industries in Bangladesh. The refinery, insulator and medical equipment
average growth rate of industries is on average 6- manufacturing factories, telephone and telecom
10%. Chemical and pharmaceutical, power, food accessories making units, televisions assembling
and allied industries have major share in numbers factories, cigarette factory and vegetable oil
as shown in Fig.1. industries. Readymade garment sector achieved a
remarkable progress in the country during the
Cement Ceramics
period. Policy comprising national development plan
4% Sector
3%
and open market economy have been followed by
the government, resulting in significant industrial
Textile growth in the 1990s[19]. Since then the industrial
25% growth is remarkable except some obstacle in few
Engineeri years. The clear picture of the industrial growth form
ng financial year 1998 to 2016 is shown in Fig. 2.
18%
10
Growth rate(%)

8
Food & 6
Allied
Tannery 9%
Industry 4
3% Fuel & 2
Pharmac Power
euticals & 10% 0
Chemical
15%
Paper & Miscellan
Printing IT Sector Year
eous Jute 4%
1% 6% 2% Fig.2. Industrial growth rate of Bangladesh
Fig.1. Percentage of Sector Wise Industries in
Bangladesh [17] 4. Major Industrial Sector in Bangladesh
Bangladesh is populated country in the world. The
3. Status of Industrial Growth economic stability of this country is largely
Since its independence in 1971, Bangladesh has dependent on agriculture. But the economic income
achieved a tremendous growth rate in its industrial from agriculture sector cannot fulfill country’s all
production. The economy comprises of a number of requirements. Industrialization is a better solution to
Small and Medium Enterprises that make up for economic development for the highly populated
25% of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). country like Bangladesh. So, the economic policy
Three products like garments, pharmaceuticals and has been changing from agriculture sector to
textiles constitute 65% of manufacturing growth. [18] industrial sector in last few years. The growth rate of
In the 1960s and 1970s, it was widely believed by industry in different sector is quite satisfactory. The
international economists that the state had to play a analysis of some major industry in Bangladesh is
direct role in industrial development. The described below:
reconstruction and rehabilitation cost of the
damaged industrial units after liberation war was 4.1 Garments Industry
estimated at Taka 291 million, of which Tk. 223 The Ready Made Garments (RMG) is covering a
million was estimated for the public-sector large industrial sector in Bangladesh. In 1994, there
industries. The journey of the nationalized industrial were only 300 factories employing only a few
 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. 30, No. 1 (2017) 51-58

thousand people. The number of RMG factories is It can be said by analyzing the data of Table 1 and
increasing in almost every year. From Fig.3, it can Fig.3, RMG sector in Bangladesh have been
be said that the RMG sector has experienced an securing a high growth in every year. The exporting
exponential growth since the 1984 [20]. The currency from this sector is also increasing in every
exponential growth rate is continuing up to 2013s. calendar year. The average growth form the
After that the exponential growth is disturbed due to financial year 2007 to 2016 is 12.84% which shows
some incident happen in this sector. Government strong potential of the sector. Proper infrastructure
and private sector took necessary steps to solve the and more investment in this sector are needed to
major problems in this sector. The problems have reach its expected growth.
been little bit overcome in last few years. The
growth rate is staring to increase again. Currently, Large number of worker is needed in garments
there are 4296 manufacturing units and large industry. So increase the number of garments
number of factories is in under construction. industries in Bangladesh can decreases the
unemployment problems in the country. Proper
7000 maintenance in this sector can make leading textile
No. of Factories

6000 exporter country in the world.

5000
4.2 Chemical Industry
4000
3000 Chemical is very useful commodities in everywhere.
2000 Huge amount of chemical is necessary in the
1000 everyday life. The use of chemical is increasing day
0 by day in the large populated country like
Bangladesh. Though the number of chemical
1998-99
1984-85
1986-87
1988-89
1990-91
1992-93
1994-95
1996-97

2000-01
2002-03
2004-05
2006-07
2008-09
2010-11
2012-13
2014-15
2016-17

industry is creasing but the growth rate of chemicals

industry is unsatisfactory. Bangladesh is fulfilling the
requirements by importing chemicals from other
Year countries. Only few chemicals industries such as
Fig.3. Growth of RMG Factories in Bangladesh [8] Chlor-Alkali Plant and its Chlorinated product and
Hydrogen peroxide plant are the main basic
The Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector has chemical industry in Bangladesh. The products from
emerged as the biggest earner of foreign currency these basic chemicals Industries are Caustic Soda
and has a great contribution to increase Gross (NaOH), Chlorine (Cl2), Hydrochloric Acid (HCl),
Domestic Product (GDP) in Bangladesh. In the Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl), Stable Bleaching
financial year 2014-15, RMG has made the 81.69% Power (SBP), Chlorinated Paraffin Wax (CPW) and
contribution of total earning foreign currency of USD Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) [2]. There are some local
31.2 billion by exporting various goods. In the chemical company who took challenge in this
current financial year 2019-17, Bangladesh export sector. ASM Chemical Industries Ltd., Global Heavy
USD 28.67 billion which is 7.76% higher than the Chemicals Ltd, Samuda Chemical Complex ltd.,
previous calendar year[13]. The growth rate of RMG Tasnim Chemical Complex and HP Chemicals Ltd.
and total exporting currency are shown in Table 1. are playing a vital role to increase chemical
production in this country. Tasnim Chemicals Ltd. is
Table 1: Value of total exporting currency from RMG the latest technological industry and produce largest
sector and RMG growth rate in calendar amount of Hydrochloric acid and Caustic soda
year basis [13] among others companies. Samuda Chemicals Ltd.
and ASM Chemicals Ltd. are also producing large
Year million USD Growth (%)
amount basic chemicals. HP Chemical Ltd. is a new
2007 9350.33 4.67 and small chemical industry where only Hydrogen
2008 11878.92 27.04 peroxide is produced. The total daily production
2009 11890.49 0.10 capacities of the basic chemicals are mentioned in
Table 2. The different chemical industries can
2010 14854.6 24.93 produce maximum 800 metric ton per day
2011 19214.47 29.35 hydrochloric acid and minimum 42 metric ton per
2012 19788.14 2.99 day liquid chlorine. All of the companies are trying to
increase their production capacity to fulfill the local
2013 23500.98 18.76
demand of basic chemical consumption.
2014 24583.96 4.61
2015 26602.7 8.21 Production capacities of Basic Chemicals in
2016 28668.29 7.76 different Chemical industries of Bangladesh are
given below in Table 2.
 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. 30, No. 1 (2017) 51-58

Table 2. Production Capacity of Basic Chemicals in Different Chemical Industry of Bangladesh [2].
Total
ASM Global Samuda Tasnim HP
Production
Product Name Chemicals Chemicals Chemicals Chemicals Chemicals
Capacity
(MT/day) (MT/day) (MT/day) (MT/day) (MT/day)
(MT/day)
Caustic Soda (100% basis
60 70 60 100 - 290
Flake/Liquid)
Chlorine ((Cl2 From
53 62 53 89 - 257
Electrolizer)
Hydrogen Peroxide (50%
60 - 70 60 28 218
Conc, H2O2)
Chlorine(Cl2) liquid 10 10 7 15 - 42
Hydrochloric Acid (32%
220 200 100 280 - 800
HCl)
Sodium Hypochloride
10 10 20 15 - 55
(NaOCl)
Stable Bleaching (SBP) 20 15 16 - - 51
Chlorinated Paraffin wax
20 10 20 15 - 65
(CPW)

Bangladesh is not chemically developed country. countries in this regard are Australia, Thailand,
The raw materials to produce the basic chemicals United Kingdom etc[27].
as well as other chemicals are also imported from
other country. From Fig.4, it is observed that China 0.300
has been leading as the top chemical importing
0.250
country for Bangladesh for the economic year 2007
to 2015. Side by side Bangladesh has been also 0.200
Million USD

importing chemicals from India, Singapore and

0.150
United States along with many other countries.
0.100
6.00
0.050
5.00
0.000
4.00
Million USD

3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
Fig.5. Top Chemical Exporting Country from 2007 -
2015 [27].

4.3 Pharmaceutical Industry

Fig.4. Top Chemical Importing Country from 2007-
2015 [27]. The most developed and hi-technological sector in
Bangladesh is the pharmaceutical industry within
In Bangladesh, the value of chemical imports has the country's economy. The number of hi-
always been greater than the value of chemical technological pharmaceutical industry is increasing
exports. For this reason, the balance of trade is not day by day. There were only 210 licensed allopathic
favorable of Bangladesh. This has resulted in drug-manufacturing units in the country in 2000 [3].
sustained fall in the external value of our currency, Now about 300 pharmaceutical companies are
which means a steady increase in exchange rate operated and manufactured about 5,600 brands of
over the whole period. medicines in different dosage forms. The
development of this sector was accelerated by the
Bangladesh is exporting chemicals to many different professional knowledge and ideas of the renowned
countries. From 2007-2015, India has been having pharmacist in this country. They are working very
the maximum percent share of the chemicals being hard to produce top class drug among the world.
exported from Bangladesh. Other remarkable Recently, the pharmaceutical industry is starting to
 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. 30, No. 1 (2017) 51-58

export medicines to global markets of 79 countries, country has been exporting more leather footwear
including the European market. The main exported and other leather products. Top leather exporting
commodities are Tablets, Capsules, Syrups countries from Bangladesh are China, Japan,
including high-tech specialized products like HFA
Germany, UAE. The Fig.7 has shown the amount of
Inhalers, CFC Inhalers, Suppositories, Nasal
Sprays, Injectables, IV Infusions, etc. leather export to different countries in currency of
million USD.
60
250
50
Million USD

40 200

Million USD
30 150
20 100
10
50
0
0

Year
Fig.6. Exported Pharmaceutical products in million
USD from 2005-2011[3]. Fig.7.Top Lather exporting country of Bangladesh in
last 6 years from 2010 to 2016[12].
Bangladesh has become a drug exporting country.
The exporting foreign currency is increasing day by Beside the export market, the local market is also
day from this sector. Bangladeshi pharmaceutical booming. The economic growth of Bangladesh has
exports totaled USD 27.5 million in the financial year been impressive over the last decade, despite
2005-2006. Figure 6 has shown that the trend of the multiple challenges affecting the economy. Rising
export amount is increasing in almost every year GDP and slowing population growth have
and reached to USD 48.3million in financial year contributed to rising per capita income exceeding
2011-12.Exports of pharmaceutical products from
Bangladesh are still small in scale. It is important to lower income threshold. This has resulted in a
take necessary steps to export pharmaceuticals in gradual increase in consumer spending over the
large scale. previous years.

4.4 Tannery Industry 4.5 Cement Industry

Bangladesh is relatively small compared to the other
Cement industry is the oldest industry in
big players in the world leather market, but has
Bangladesh. The production capacity is large
potential for growth, both as a consumer and as an enough so that it is exported to other countries after
exporter. Bangladesh’s leather is widely known for filling their local demand. It is clearly shown in Fig.8,
its high qualities of fine grain, uniform fiber structure, the local demand of cement is nearly two-third of the
smooth feel and natural texture. The leather industry total capacity in every year from 2005- 2014. In
is one of the oldest in the country. It is paving its 2014, the total capacity of the factory had been 28
ways towards gaining larger international market million MT which is 3 million MT higher than
previous year. On the other hand, in the same year
share by providing more value added goods. The
the total consumption stood at 17.5 million MT
country is blessed with a large supply of raw which is 1.5 million MT higher than the previous
materials and inexpensive labor. The annual year. So far, several Bangladeshi manufacturers
production capacity of raw materials is estimated to have exported their own brands to West Bengal of
be around 750 million sq. ft.[12]. India and Myanmar. According to data from
Bangladesh Export Promotion Bureau, it confirms
Currently, there are around 113 tanneries, annually that cement exports had witnessed a 21 percent
producing around 300 million sp. ft. of leather; more increase in the first seven months of financial year
than 75% of which is exported in currency USD 1.1 2012 [7]. In view of the situation, recently some local
billion which is roughly 0.5% of the global market producers visited Sri Lanka, Myanmar and some of
South African countries on market-exploration
[12].Moving in the production of value added
mission. Moreover, every year on an average
products the industry can earn higher revenue. The 180000-240000 MT of cement is being exported by
industry currently has over 3,500 companies of the industry [5].
various sizes producing these leather products. The
 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. 30, No. 1 (2017) 51-58

30 exporting food products from Bangladesh as shown

Consumption Capacity in Table 3. Vegetables, Tea, Dry food are also
25 exported to different countries and earn large
Million MT

20 amount of foreign currency. It is difficult for highly

dense country like Bangladesh to export large
15
amount of food product due to shortage of cultivated
10 land. Bangladesh is trying to increase the growth
5 rate of food production by imposing modern
technology in agricultural and industrial sector of
0 food. The food processing industry in Bangladesh
is now growing rapidly and opening up new
opportunities in terms of investment, technology and
Year export.
Fig.8. Cement production and consumption in 4.7. Fertilizer industry
Bangladesh from 2005-2014 [4].
Fertilizer Industry is the largest industrial sector in
4.6 Food industry Bangladesh. It contributes about 16 percent of the
national GDP and employs approximately 47
Food is very important commodities in every human percent of the total labor force [28]. The annual
being. So, it is very necessary to grow large number production of fertilizer in Bangladesh is always lower
of food processing industries for every nation. The than annual production. According to the Ministry of
food processing industry in Bangladesh is one of Industries, 68 percent fertilizer of total demand were
the major potential sectors within the industrial imported in the financial year 2015, where maximum
segments in terms of contribution to Gross were urea based fertilizer. The total fertilizer
Domestic products, GDP and employment. This production capacity and total consumption from the
high potential sector employs 2% of the national economic year 2007 to 2012 are shown in Fig.9.
GDP and accounts for over 22% of all
50
manufacturing production [10]. The food processing
sector includes different types of commodities such Production Consumption
million metric ton

40
as Frozen food, Tea, vegetables, cereals, bakery
and confectionary, fruits and vegetables, dairy, 30
carbonated beverages and non-carbonated fruit
juices, drinks and various other food items [8]. The 20
remittance earning from other country in the
economic year 2013-2014 by exporting different 10
food commodities are given in Table 3. 0
Table 3: Exported different food commodities in 2007 2008
2009 2010 2011 2012
2013-2014 [10] Year
Fig.9. Fertilizer production and consumption in
Commodities Values in million USD
Bangladesh from 2007-2012 [28]
Frozen Food 629.77
It is shown from Fig.9 that total fertilizer production
Frozen Fish 63.55
is very smaller than total consumption. Though the
Tea 2.62 consumption is increasing but the production is
Vegetables 128.83 decreasing due to shortage of natural gas. the poor
Cut flowers and maintenance, exodus of experienced people, lack of
44.52
foliage human planning and above all aging of plants and
Fruits 93.56 obsolete technology. Bangladesh Chemical
Spices 25.12 Industries Corporation operates fertilizer industries
in Bangladesh. They are trying hard to increase
Dry food 48.64
production capacity by solving the problems.
Other agro
238.83
commodities 5. National Economic Growth
After fulfilling the local demand, these processed In the year 2016 the GDP of Bangladesh was worth
products are being exported to 70 countries 221.42 billion USD. The GDP of Bangladesh
throughout the world. Asia, Africa, Europe are the contributes 0.36 percent of the world economy. The
top exporting country of Bangladesh for different average GDP of Bangladesh is 45.68 from 1960 to
types of processed food. Frozen food is the top 2016. The highest record is 221.42 USD Billion in
 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. 30, No. 1 (2017) 51-58

2016 and lowest record is 4.30 USD Billion in 1960. period was 19.03 percent with a minimum of 6.06
Fig.10 shows the GDP in Bangladesh from 2010 to percent in 1972 and a maximum of 28.77 percent in
2017. The value of GDP will be over 300 Billion 2016. [25] The World Bank provides data for
USD by 2020. Gross domestic product (GDP) Bangladesh value added by the industry from 1960
represents the comprised value of all services and to 2016. The average value for Bangladesh during
goods produced in any given year within a country. that period was 10.7 billion U.S. dollars with
GDP is the main indicator of a country's economic a minimum of 0.3 billion U.S. dollars in 1960 and
condition. [22] a maximum of 60.55 billion U.S. dollars in 2016
contributed solely by industrial growth. [26]
350
Thus, industrial sectors are contributing huge
300
amount of money (60 Billion USD in 2016) each
Billion USD

250
year and the economic growth is mostly because of
200
industrial growth. Also the contribution of industrial
150
sectors to national GPD is increasing each year. It
100
can be said that pursuing export-oriented
50
industrialization can be beneficial for the economy
0
of Bangladesh, focusing more in textiles, fish and
2018*
2019*
2020*
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017

seafood, shipbuilding, leather goods and jute.

Considering this fact Bangladesh, Pharmaceuticals,
Year steel and food processing industries are not
Fig.10: Bangladesh gross domestic product (GDP) dependent on other countries.
2007-2020 [23]
7. Environmental Pollution and Safety
6. Contribution to National Economy
One of major concern of the growth of
Bangladesh is a developing country with her
industrialization is environmental pollution load from
expanding population of around 162 million. Being
each industrial sector which greatly affects the
independent our economy is reshaped and
environment as well as public health. For example
reformed. Now, readymade garment (RMG) sector
only tannery sectors produces approximately 20,000
is developing quite well in comparison with other 3
m of liquid waste per day and 780000 ton of solid
industrial sectors. It is an era of information and
waste. With the growth of the industries, the total
technology, thus various new industries have
pollution load is also increased. Therefore, it is high
emerged. The contribution of each of those is worth
time to introduce regulatory standard and the proper
mentioning.
waste management & control technology for each
 Agricultural contribution in our economy is the sector. Department of Environment should play the
most crucial. Previously almost 85% of our central role to monitor and control pollution index of
people were involved in agriculture and their each sector. There are deficiencies in regulation
and standard formulation and its implementation.
main way of earning was agriculture. But now
along with agriculture, readymade garments The concept of industrial safety is not properly
(RMG), outsourcing, bank and non-bank addressed by the authority. Hazard analysis and
financial institutions, exporting man power risk assessment are not performed at any stages of
adding extra value in our economy. manufacturing industries. Process safety
 The manufacturing industry is contributing management system has been introduced so far for
10.1% of our GDP and agriculture 2.6% in process/chemical and petrochemical industry. Some
of the industries has fire safety department and
2015-16. Therefore, it is clear that the situation
follow occupational safety. However, there have
has changed than before. In total 15 types of major deficiencies in emergency evacuation and
industries are contributing in our economy now. safety drill, safety training and awareness among
 All the sectors are contributing considerable the employees.
amount, for example Service sector contributed
total of 6.7% in 2015-16 [24]. 8. Prospects and Recommendations

The value added of an industry, also referred to as Bangladesh needs well planned strategies to
gross domestic product (GDP)-by-industry, is the overcome all obstacles and increase production in
contribution of a private industry or government export sectors after filling the local demand. It is the
sector to overall GDP. For that indicator, The World prime mover in the development cycle in a densely
Bank provides data for Bangladesh from 1960 to populated country like Bangladesh. There are some
2016. The average value for Bangladesh during that recommendations which can be help to increase the
 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. 30, No. 1 (2017) 51-58

industrial growth rate in a great extent and become 5. Royal Capital Limited. (2015). CEMENT SECTOR
developed country in the world. REPORT.
6. S. Rahman, ''Cement makers eye a turnaround'' in
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take necessary steps to develop different type 7. https://www.worldcement.com/asia-
of industry in Bangladesh pacificrim/28032012/cement_bangladesh_market/
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improve export and import trade in the country Working Group on Industrial Cooperation, 08-10
 Ensuring maximum use of local raw materials in October 2012, MoI, GoB
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