Team Types

 Functional
 Cross Functional
 Virtual
 Self Directed
 Team Roles
 Leader
 Facilitator
 Coach
 Members
 Team Roles - Leader
 Provides direction to team members
 Clarity on the roles of team members
 Establishes ground rules for working
with each other
 Ensures successful completion of team
goal
 Preparing for and conducting team
meetings
 Assigns roles to team members
 Team Roles - Facilitator
 Facilitator provides leadership to the
team without formal authority to make
decisions.
 Facilitator helps team understand the
objective and support the team on how
to achieve the objective.
 Team Roles - Coach
 Coach provides one to one support after
training.
 Coach is the first person to be contacted
if the team has an issue and needs help.
 GROW Model of Coaching
GROW
G - Goal What team wants to achieve
R - Reality Current reality and challenges the team has
O - Obstacles What stops team from achieving the goal.
W – Way forward Steps needed to be taken to achieve the goal
 Team Roles - Members
 Participate in team meetings
 Perform the tasks assigned to them
 Actively participate in brainstorming and
idea generation
 Team Member Selection
Selection Criteria

 Ability to influence
 Openness to change
 Required skillset
 Subject Matter Expertise
 Availability
 Team Success Factors
 Management support
 Clear goals
 Ground rules
 Timeliness
 Motivation
 Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy
 Herzberg’s Two Factory Theory
 Douglas McGregor – Theory X and Y
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self Actualization

Esteem

Love and Belongingness

Safety

Physiological
 Herzberg's two-factor theory

Hygiene Factors

Motivators
 Douglas McGregor – Theory X and Y
Theory X Theory Y
Dislikes work
Likes work

To be directed
Takes responsibility

Little creativity
Creative
 Tuckman Model of Team Life Cycle

Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning

The forming stage During the The norming stage When a team Breaking up the
occurs when team storming stage, begins as the team reaches the team when the
members first teams discover moves beyond the performing stage required task is
come together as teamwork is storming stage it is functioning complete.
a team. more difficult and begins to as a high
than they function as a performance
expected. team. team.
 1. Forming
 Strong dependence on leader
 Simple ideas Forming

 Avoidance of controversy The forming stage

occurs when team
members first come
 Avoidance of serious topics together as a team.

 Minimum feedback

Leader Directs
 2. Storming
 Strongly expressed views
 Challenging others’ ideas Storming

 Challenging leadership, authority and During the storming

stage, teams discover
teamwork is more
position difficult than they
expected.
 Withdrawal by some team members
 Lack of collaboration, competing for
control
 High level of reacting or defending

Leaders Coach
 3. Norming
 Active listening
 Shared leadership Norming

 Methodical systematic ways of working The norming stage

begins as the team
moves beyond the
 Readiness to change preconceived views storming stage and
begins to function as a

 Receptiveness to others’ ideas team.

 Active participation by all

 Conflicts seen as mutual problems
 Open exchange of ideas

Leaders Facilitate
 4. Performing
 High creativity
 Openness and trust Performing
 Strong relationships When a team reaches
the performing stage it
is functioning as a high
 High achievement performance team.

Leaders Delegate
 5. Adjourning
 Adjourning, is the break-up of the
group, hopefully when their task is
Adjourning
completed successfully, their purpose
Breaking up the team
fulfilled. when the required task
is complete.
 Recognition of and sensitivity to
people's vulnerabilities is helpful

Leaders Reassure and communicate

 Team Communication
 Create right environment of open
communication
 Encourage communication
 Communication Model
Noise

Sender Receiver
Encode Channel Decode

Feedback
 Communication Channels
 Face to face
 Video chat
 Telephone
 Email
 Letter
 Newsletter/Intranet/Poster/Team
meetings
 Communication Plan
Type Objective Medium Frequency Audience Owner Deliverable
Kickoff Set goal Face to face Once Team Team Agenda
meeting Team alignment Champion leader Minutes of meeting
Sr Mgmt (optional)
Team Review status Face to face Weekly Team members Team Agenda
meetings Plan for future Champion (Optional) leader Minutes of meeting
Weekly status Update Champion Email Weekly Champion Team Report
report leader
Monthly Updates for senior Presentation Monthly Champion Team Report
report management Senior Management leader
 Leader’s Role During Team Life Cycle
Direct Coach Facilitate Delegate Reassure

Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning

The forming stage During the The norming stage When a team Breaking up the
occurs when team storming stage, begins as the team reaches the team when the
members first teams discover moves beyond the performing stage required task is
come together as teamwork is storming stage it is functioning complete.
a team. more difficult and begins to as a high
than they function as a performance
expected. team. team.
 Situational Leadership
 Leadership we do not have a “one size
fit all” solution
 Based on ability and willingness
different approaches:
 Directing
 Coaching
 Supporting
 Delegating
Leadership Approach
Ability

Supporting Delegating

Willingness

Directing Coaching
 Leadership Approach - Directing
 when the followers have low willingness
and low ability for the task at hand.
 leader takes a highly directive role.
 Define task
 Close supervision
 One way communication
 Used when time is less and consequences
are serious
 Leadership Approach - Coaching
 when the followers have high
willingness and low ability for the task at
hand.
 Define task
 Seeks ideas and suggestions
 Supervision provided
 Two way communication
 Support and praise to boost confidence
 Leadership Approach - Supporting
 when the followers have low willingness
and high ability for the task at hand.
 Team can do the job but are refusing to do
it. Leader needs to find out why?
 Persuade to cooperate
 Motivate and build confidence
 Leaders listen, praise and make team feel
good
 Leadership Approach - Delegating
 when the followers have high
willingness and high ability for the task
at hand.
 Leader is still engaged in decision making
but execution is mostly by the team
 Less need for support or praise, but
occasional recognition is always good.
Leadership Approach
Ability

Supporting Delegating

Willingness

Directing Coaching
 Group Behaviour
 Group Thinking
 Members avoid conflict and agree to a
point without critical evaluation.
 Group feels invulnerable
 Unquestioned belief in group
 Group pressure on person opposing group
decision.
 Group Behaviour
 Reluctant Participants
 Might answer only when specifically asked
a question.
 Don’t embarrass them, encourage them to
participate
 Group Behaviour
 Dominant Participants
 Create unbalanced participation in
discussion.
 If left unchecked all decisions will be biased
based on the opinion of certain people only.
 Use words such as “let’s listen to what
other opinion we have in the group.”
 Group Behaviour
 Digressions
 Keep meeting on track.
 Project Charter might be used to keep the
project within scope.
 Could suggest to deal with that issue after
the meeting.
 Meeting Management
 Agenda
 Time Management
 Require pre-work from participants
 Ensure right people in the meetings
 Right resources
 Team Tools
 Brainstorming
 Consensus
 Nominal Group Technique
 Multi-voting
 Brainstorming
 Brainstorming is a group or individual
creativity technique by which efforts are
made to find a conclusion for a specific
problem by gathering a list of ideas
spontaneously contributed by its
member.
 Defer judgment,
 Reach for quantity
 Brainstorming
 Four Rules:

 Focus on quantity
 Withhold criticism
 Welcome unusual ideas
 Combine and improve ideas
 Consensus
 Consensus – coming to an agreement
 Listening
 Discussing
 Bargaining
 Agreement which everyone can live with.
 Nominal Group Technique
 The nominal group technique (NGT) is a
group process involving problem
identification, solution generation, and
decision making.
 Five Steps
 Introduction and explanation
 Silent generation of ideas
 Sharing ideas
 Group discussion
 Voting and ranking
 Multi-voting
 Brainstorming generates a long list of
ideas
 Multi-voting technique is used to
reduce /narrow down this list with
group consensus.
 Out of big list of ideas each member
selects 5 (or any other number of ideas).
 Each member ranks his/her choice. (5
for most preferred and 1 for least)
Multi-voting
 Training Need Assessment
 Identify skills gaps,
 Identify roles.
 List down the skills needed for each role
 Identify available skills
 Gap analysis
 Develop learning objectives,
 Prepare a training plan, and
 Develop training materials
 Training Delivery
 Lectures
 Discussions
 Case Study
 Simulation
 Demonstration
 Business Games
 Role Play
 On the job
 Coaching
 Online
 Self Study
 Adult Learning
 Adults want to learn
 Adults learn what is relevant and
applicable to them
 Adults have life experience
 Adults look for guidance and not
instructions or hand holding.
 Adults need to be shown respect
 Adults have time limitation
 Adult Learning Styles
 Andragogy is the theory and practice of
education of adults.
 Three Learning Styles:
 Visual
 Auditory
 Kinesthetic
 Training Evaluation
 Evaluation planning,
 Feedback surveys
 Pre-training and post-training testing