THE REPORT OF

CRITICAL JOURNAL REVIEW

REVIEWER’S IDENTITY
Reviewer’s Name Krisna Junifer Hasugian
Class 2019 Bilingual Mathematics Education Study Program
JOURNAL’S IDENTITY
Journal Theme Calculations of Freezing Point Depression, Boiling Point Elevation, Vapor
Pressure and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Electrolyte Solutions by a
Modified Three-Characteristic Parameter Correlation Model
Author’s Name 1. Xinlei Ge
2. Xidong Wang
Publication Year 2009
Journal Name J Solution Chem
Pages 1097-1117 (21 pages)
Publication Place Springer
DOI 10.1007/s10953-009-9433-0
JOURNAL ANALYSIS
Background The issues raised in the article is theories about calculation of Freezing Point
Depression, Boiling Point Elevation, Vapor Pressure and Enthalpies of
Vaporization of Electrolyte Solutions. The authors want to discuss about a
new model to calculate those thermodynamic properties.
Aim  The aim of the research in this article is to calculate the thermodynamic
properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, vapor
pressure and enthalpy of vaporization).
 Submission of articles submitted by the author, delivered clearly and
correctly using proof of theory.
Study of Literature  The authors defines certain terms clearly and is very useful for readers so
that readers can understand these terms and can also add insight into our
knowledge.
 They did not give any footnote about it. The authors only provided 280
citations in their journal that referred to 73 references.
Experiment Method  Yes, this journal is a research report. The author states clearly with the
evidence that has been done. The writer proves that his history is all true.
But not all theories made by the author can be used for all solutions.
 The samples for the research are 37 freezing point depressions of
electrolytes solutions, 50 boiling point elevations of electrolytes
solutions (44 electrolytes in water and 6 electrolytes in methanol), 60
vapor pressures of electrolytes solutions (25 electrolytes in aqueous
 solutions and 35 electrolytes in non-aqueous solutions), 38 enthalpies of
vaporization of electrolytes solutions.
 The samples chosen by the kind of its samples itself. Kind of its samples
is single electrolyte solution, both aqueous electrolyte solutions and non-
aqueous solutions (for example: electroliyte solutions in methanol) from
various concentrations.
 Yes. The authors discuss about factors or variables that can influence the
research. The factors or variables that can influence the research are
Factors of large deviations are deviation from model assumptions
variable and the properties of electrolytes variable, Factor of accuracy of
measurement based on this method is concentration range variable (It
requires not-too-high concentration range).
 The method for measuring the research results is explained clearly by the
authors in the title of the journal. The method for measuring the research
results is modified three-characteristic parameter correlation model. But,
this method is not completely suitable for every single electrolyte
solution, both aqueous electrolyte solutions and non-aqueous solutions
(for example: electrolyte solutions in methanol) from various
concentrations. It just suitable for not-too-high concentration range of
single electrolyte solution.
 The desired research result/product is realized, but not at all. It can’t be
applied at very high concentrations, due to the incomplete dissociation of
electrolyte molecules or the association of ions. This model also cannot
fully describe some asymmetric electrolytes, and calculations for
concentrations far beyond the maximum applicable range of the
characteristic parameters can easily result in large deviations.
Results and Discussion The authors used some tables, but did not use illustration and chart. Those
tables were completed by related text. The method used by the author in
presenting data is quite good. In the journal, the author does not forget to
attach several tables containing accurate data. This makes it easier for
readers to analyze data, especially in terms of calculation.They use the best
method to present their research result.
Conclusions and The calculated results are acceptable, especiallyfor1-1typeelectrolytes
Suggestions orsolutionsinaconcentrationrange that is not very high. A very good
performance is found for vapor pressure calculations. The present model is
not suitable for solutions at very high concentrations, due to the incomplete
dissociation of electrolyte molecules or the association of ions. However,
this method can be considered to provide a good first approximation for the
calculation of the thermodynamic properties at least for the strong
electrolytes.
References  There are 73 reference.
 References that are used a lot
 The latest references are very important because humans’ knowledge is
developed rapidly every time and can be used for supporting or rebutting
statement with scientific approach that has been proven true by a series
of observations and research by scientist so that the truth is not doubted.
 That is:
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some very concentrated saline solutions.1902
2. The measurement of the freezing-point depression of dilute solutions.1914
3. The free energy of dilution and the freezing-point lowering in solutions of
some salts of various types of ionization, and of salt mixtures.1916
4. The Freezing points of concentrated solutions and the free energy of
solution of salts.1918
5. The freezing point and activity coefficient of aqueous barium nitrate,
sodium sulfate and sulfuric acid.1927
6. The activity coefficient of potassium chloride in aqueous solution from
boiling point data.1932
7. The boiling point elevation. II. Sodium chloride 0.05 to 1.0 M and 60 °C
to 100 °C.1939
8. The boiling point elevation.1941
9. Thermodynamic properties of aqueous salt solutions. Latent heats of
vaporization and other properties by the gas current method.1944
10. Vapor pressure tables for water.1964
11. Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds.1970
12. Vapor pressure of D2O from 106 to 300 °C.1970
13. Vapor pressure of D2O from 106 to 300 °C.1970
14. A re-examination of the vapor pressure of aqueous sodium chloride
solutions at 25 °C.1972
15. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. I. Theoretical basis and general
equations.1973
16. Thermodynamic properties of strong electrolytes in aqueous
solutions.1973
17. Thermodynamics and Its Applications.1974
18. Cryoscopy of uranyl nitrate solutions and activity coefficients.1977
19. Salt effect on the vapor pressure of pure solvents: methanol with seven
salts; at 24.9 °C.1979
20. Thermodynamics of electrolytes.1979
21. Local composition model for excess Gibbs energy of electrolyte
 systems.1982
22. Osmotic and activity coefficients of sodium hydroxide in water from150
to 250 °C.1984
23. Vapor pressure of non-aqueous electrolyte solutions.1985
24. Vapor pressure of non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. Part 3. Solutions of
sodium iodide in ethanol, 2-propanol, and acetonitrile.1986
25. Vapor pressure measurements on non-aqueous electrolyte solutions.1986
26. A local composition model for excess Gibbs energy of electrolyte
systems.1986
27. Vapor pressure and osmotic coefficients: electrolyte solutions of
methanol. Fluid Phase Equal.1987
28. The prediction of mineral solubilities in natural waters: a chemical
equilibrium model for theNa-Ca-Cl-SO4−H2O system, to high
temperature and concentration.1988
29. Equation of state for small, large, poly disperse, and associating
molecules.1990
30. Thermodynamic properties of aqueous electrolyte solutions. 1. Vapor
pressure of aqueous solutions of LiCl, LiBr, and LiI.1990
31. The prediction of mineral solubilities in natural waters: a chemical
equilibrium model for the Na-K-Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4−H2O system at
temperatures below 25 °C.1990
32. Thermodynamic properties of aqueous electrolyte solutions. 2. Vapor
pressure of aqueous solutions of NaBr, NaI, KCl, KBr, KI, RbCl, CsCl,
CsBr, CsI,MgCl2, CaCl2, CaBr2, CaI2, SrCl2, SrBr2, SrI2, BaCl2, and
BaBr2.1991
33. The vapour pressures of water over saturated aqueous solutions of barium
chloride, magnesiumnitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium carbonate, and zinc
sulfate, at temperatures from 283 K to313 K.1992
34. The boiling-points of aqueous solutions.1992
35. The vapour pressures of saturated aqueous solutions of potassium
bromide, ammoniumsulfate, copper(II) sulfate, iron(II) sulfate, and
manganese(II) dichloride, at temperatures from 283 K to308 K.1993
36. The vapour pressures of saturated aqueous lithium chloride, sodium
bromide, sodium nitrate,ammonium nitrate, and ammonium chloride at
temperatures from 283 K to 313 K.1993
37. The vapour pressure of water over saturated aqueoussolutions of malic,
tartaric, and citric acids, at temperatures from 288 K to 323 K.1995
38. Modification and application of the mean spherical approximation
method.Fluid Phase Equil.1996
39. Vapour pressures of 𝐻2 16𝑂 and 𝐻2 18𝑂 , and saturated aqueous solutions of
KCl fromT = 298 K to T = 318 K by the isoteniscopic method.1998
40. The vapour pressures of saturated aqueous solutions of sodium chloride,
sodiumbromide, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, potassium iodate, and
rubidium chloride at temperatures from277 K to 323 K.1998
41. A three-characteristic-parameter correlation model for strong
electrolytesolutions.1998
42. Osmotic and activity coefficients of nonaqueouselectrolyte solutions.1998
43. Isopiestic determination of osmotic coefficients and evaluation of
vaporpressures for electrolyte solutions of some lithium salts in
ethanol.1999
44. Measurement and correlation of osmotic coefficientsand evaluation of
vapor pressures for solutions of CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2 in ethanol at 298
K.2000
45. Solubilities and vapour pressures of saturated aqueous solutionsof sodium
peroxydisulfate and potassium peroxydisulfate.2001
46. Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy and Materials.2001
47. Vapour pressure measurements and thermodynamic properties of aqueous
solutionsof sodium acetate.2002
48. The molar enthalpies of solution and vapour pressures of saturated
aqueoussolutions of aluminium chloride, aluminium nitrate and
aluminiumsulphate.2002
49. The molar enthalpies of solution and vapour pressures of saturatedaqueous
solutions of some ammonium salts.2003
50. Isopiestic determination of osmotic coefficients and evaluation of
vaporpressures for solutions of sodium bromide and sodium thiocyanate in
methanol at 25 °C.2003
51. International Critical Tables of Numerical Data, Physics, Chemistry and
Technology,1st electronic edn., pp.2003
52. Experimental and theoretical studies of thermodynamicsof lithium halide
solutions–ethanol mixtures.2004
53. Vapor pressures, osmotic and activity coefficients for(LiBr+acetonitrile)
between the temperatures (298.15 and 343.15) K..2004
54. Measurement and correlation of osmotic coefficients and evaluation
ofvapor pressure for electrolyte solutions of LiClO4 and LiNO3 in
methanol at 25 °C.2004
55. Vapor pressures and osmotic coefficients of aqueous LiOHsolutions at
temperatures ranging from 298.15 to 363.15 K.2005
56. Study of thermodynamic properties of binary solutions of lithium bromide
or lithium chloridewith methanol.2005
57. Application of the GV-MSA model to the electrolytesolutions containing
mixed salts and mixed solvents.2005
58. Investigation of the vapor pressure p of zinc bromide or zinc chloride
solutions withmethanol by static method.2006
59. Study of vapour pressure of lithium nitratesolutions in ethanol.2006
60. Vapor pressure measurements of binary solutions of CaCl2 with methanol
andethanol at (298.15 to 323.15) K using a static method.2006
61. Isopiestic study of the solutions ofMnCl2, CoCl2 and NiCl2 in methanol
and ethanol at 298.15 K.2006
62. Vapor pressures of lithium bromide or lithium chloride and ethanol
solutions.2006
63. The molar enthalpies of solution and vapour pressures of saturated
aqueoussolutions of some cesium salts.2006
 64. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 87th edn.2006-2007
65. The vapour pressures over saturated aqueous solutions of sodiumand
potassium acetates, chlorates, and perchlorates.2007
66. Correlation and prediction of activity and osmoticcoefficients of aqueous
electrolytes at 298.15 K by the modified TCPC model.2007
67. A new three-particle-interaction model to predictthe thermodynamic
properties of different electrolytes.2007
68. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 88th edn..2007-2008
69. Correlation and prediction of thermodynamic propertiesof some complex
aqueous electrolytes by the modified three-characteristic-parameter
correlation model.2008
70. Correlation and prediction of thermodynamic propertiesof non-aqueous
electrolytes by the modified TCPC model.2008
71. Freezing point depression of electrolyte solutions:
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72. A simple two-parameter correlation model for aqueous electrolyte
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73. The vapour pressures over saturated aqueous solutions of cadmium
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REVIEWER’S CONCLUSIONS
1. After analyzing journal, do you have any idea for research project in the future?
My conclusion after reading the journal is:
1. Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the ratio of the number of
solute particles to the number of solvent molecules in a solution, and not on the nature of the
chemical species present.
2. A method that proposed for calculating the thermodynamic properties, freezing
point depression, boiling point elevation, vapor pressure and enthalpy of vaporization for
single solute electrolyte solutions, including aqueous and nonaqueous solutions can be
implemented only on concentration range that is not very high.
After analyzing journal, I have an idea for mini research and project in the future.

2. Write down your idea that you found below!

MATERIALS
1. Salt (Amount: 2 packs)
2. Ice cube (Amount: 4 packs)
3. Liquid Milk (Amount: 1 big bottle/1 liter)

WORK PROCEDURES
1. Preparing all the tools and materials.
2. Breaking all the ice cubes, then place them on the bowl.
3. Observing and recording the observation of the ice cubes temperature result with a
thermometer.
4. Putting liquid milk in a can, closed tightly.
5. Sprinkling salt on crushed ice cubes, then mix evenly.
6. Putting one by one ice cubes into a pan that filled with liquid milk cans until it is full.
7. Shaking until the liquid milk in the can freezes like ice cream.
8. Observing and recording the observation of the ice cubes temperature that begins to melt with
a thermometer.
9. After a long enough spin (30-60 minutes), opening the can and seeing the shape of the milk
that freeze.
10. Enjoy your rotating ice cream!