The History of Western Script Important Antiquities and Manuscripts From The Schøyen Collection

THE HISTORY OF WESTERN SCRIPT
IMPORTANT ANTIQUITIES AND MANUSCRIPTS

FROM THE SCHØYEN COLLECTION
London
10 July 2019
THE HISTORY OF WESTERN SCRIPT
IMPORTANT ANTIQUITIES AND
MANUSCRIPTS FROM THE SCHØYEN
COLLECTION
WEDNESDAY 10 JULY 2019
AUCTION
Wednesday 10 July 2019
at 10.30 am
8 King Street, St. James’s

London SW1Y 6QT
VIEWING
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AUCTIONEER
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BOOKS & MANUSCRIPTS AND SCIENCE
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12 JUNE 2019 9 JULY 2019 10 JULY 2019 18 JULY 2019

FINE PRINTED BOOKS THE GOLDEN AGE OF RUSSIAN THE HISTORY OF WESTERN ONE GIANT LEAP: CELEBRATING
& MANUSCRIPTS LITERATURE: A PRIVATE SCRIPT: IMPORTANT SPACE EXPLORATION 50 YEARS
NEW YORK EUROPEAN COLLECTION ANTIQUITIES AND AFTER APOLLO 11
LONDON MANUSCRIPTS FROM THE NEW YORK
12 JUNE 2019 SCHØYEN COLLECTION
SUMMA DE ARITHMETICA 9 JULY 2019 LONDON 11-19 JULY 2019
NEW YORK IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC BOOKS METEORITES
FROM THE COLLECTION OF 10 JULY 2019 ONLINE
3, 4, 5 JULY 2019 PETER AND MARGARETHE VALUABLE BOOKS &
BIBLIOTHÈQUE PAUL BRAUNE MANUSCRIPTS
DESTRIBATS, 1RE PARTIE LONDON LONDON
PARIS
4
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LOTS OF IRANIAN/PERSIAN ORIGIN

1.Bidders are advised that some countries (such as the USA) prohibit or restrict the
purchase and import of Iranian “works of conventional craftsmanship” (works that
are not by a recognized artist and/or that have a function, for example: decorative
objects, bowls, tiles, ornamental boxes, scientific instruments, carpets and textiles).
These restrictions do not apply to “informational materials” such as paintings, manu-
scripts and works on paper. All bidders are responsible for familiarising themselves
with the laws that apply to them and ensuring that they do not bid or import proper-
ties in contravention of relevant sanctions or trade embargoes.
2.The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has imposed a ban on the importation of
Iranian goods to or via its member states. Please check with your shippers whether
you will be able to ship Iranian artworks to the GCC member states prior to bidding.
5
Introduction
The items ofered for sale here are drawn from the largest and most comprehensive
collection of manuscripts consciously assembled to represent the history of the
written word: the Palaeographic Collection of Martin Schøyen. The importance of the
materials in The Schøyen Collection goes far beyond the scope of a private collection,
or even a national public collection. It is one of the most extensive and wide-ranging
ever assembled, rivalling even that of the great ‘vello-maniac’ antiquary and book
collector Sir Thomas Phillipps.
Dr Schøyen was heir to a Norwegian shipping and transport business but the
enthusiasm for antiquity and bibliophily that he acquired while travelling with his
father was an equally signifcant inheritance: the seeds of his collecting were sown.
These seeds took root, grew and fourished: his frst acquisition – a fragment of a
manuscript from c. 1300 – was made in 1955 when he was still a teenager but by the
mid-1980s Dr Schøyen was well known to academics, auction houses and dealers as
a most committed bibliophile whose collecting was guided by scholarship and studied
attention to the market. Initially the focus was on Biblical and monastic manuscripts
but soon the scope of interest and accession extended beyond Europe and
Christianity to encompass the history of writing and literary culture worldwide and
over a period of fve millennia. While the manuscripts to be ofered on 10 July are more
restricted in geographic scope they are representative of the same vast time-span.
Spreading and deepening knowledge of his collections has always been one of Dr
Schøyen’s objectives: both in employing researchers to catalogue his holdings and in
making them available to any serious scholar or interested party. Part of his collection
is universally accessible via his website (www.schoyencollection.com) and, to date, 34
printed scholarly catalogues of entire sections have been published in the Manuscripts
in the Schøyen Collection series (MSC).
No auction catalogue has ever before attempted to tell the history of script over almost
fve millennia of human civilization. The 61 lots on ofer are only a microcosm of the
Schøyen Collection as a whole, but they provide us with an exceptional oversight of
the development of writing in the West from 3100 B.C. to the 18th century, including a
proto-cuneiform clay tablet of the late Uruk period, 3100 B.C. (lot 401), an exceptional
witness of centuries of Babylonian royal dynastic rule (The Ur-Isin King list, Isin, 1813-
1812 B.C., lot 402), Greek and Roman curse tablets, Greek literary papyri, a Roman
military diploma, and exceptional examples of classical uncial, Visigothic, Beneventan,
Alemanic and Caroline minuscule. It includes some of the oldest manuscripts of the
Bible in Hebrew (lots 409-10) and in Latin (lot 415), one of the earliest examples of
Georgian script, the palaeography album of an 18th-century archivist (full of cuttings
from manuscripts once at Toul Cathedral, lot 459), and Dr Schøyen’s insuperable
collection of medieval seal matrices (lot 461), which includes a national treasure: the
Anglo-Saxon walrus ivory seal matrix of Wulfric (lot 460).
Dr Schøyen hopes that this catalogue will serve as a useful palaeographical reference
tool in future, used in conjunction with the catalogue of another portion of his
collection, sold at Sotheby’s on 10 July 2012. At his request, we have adopted a similar
arrangement, with the leaves presented in chronological order and by ‘school’, with
a detail of select items, chosen to illustrate each script’s distinctive letter-forms and
abbreviations, accompanied by a transcription.
6
A note on the ex- Rosenthal leaves and their bindings
Bernard (‘Barney’) M. Rosenthal (1920–2017), of New York and Berkeley, was one of
the leading booksellers of incunabula and medieval manuscripts of the second half
of the 20th century. Over the course of about 30 years he assembled collections
of medieval manuscripts for a number of American and Japanese universities. In
addition, he formed his own private collection, partly from auctions and partly from
other private collections such as that of the great German palaeographer E.A. Lowe.
In July 1987 Bernard Quaritch Ltd acquired this collection en bloc and ofered it,
together with items from other sources, in a series of subsequent catalogues, notably:
Catalogue 1088, Bookhands of the Middle Ages, Part II, Medieval Manuscript Leaves,
Principally from the Rosenthal Collection (1988); Catalogue 1128, Bookhands of the
Middle Ages, Part IV, Beneventan Script (1990), acquired en bloc by the Schøyen
Collection; and Catalogue 1147, Bookhands of the Middle Ages, Part V, Medieval
Manuscript Leaves (1991). In the frst and third of these, items not from the Rosenthal
collection are identifed by an asterisk in square brackets ‘[*]’, and his former
ownership can usually also be recognised by his pencil reference number in the form
of a roman numeral ‘I’ followed by a slash and an arabic number, e.g. ‘I/205’.
Rosenthal had many of his leaves catalogued by Marvin L. Colker of the University
of Virginia, and these descriptions usually still accompany the lots; he also sought
opinions from scholars such as Bernard Bischof, and copies of their letters are
often enclosed (as are letters from Albinia de la Mare, Virginia Brown, and others, in
response to enquiries from Quaritch). For protection and ease of handling Quaritch
had the leaves and fragments uniformly bound by their in-house bindery, in boards
covered with grey buckram. Each binding usually has the Schøyen number in pencil
on the pastedown; in ink on a small square bookplate; on a small brown circular self-
adhesive label in the lower left corner of the front board; and inscribed in ink at the
bottom of the spine.
7
*401
A MESOPOTAMIAN PROTO-CUNEIFORM CLAY TABLET WITH ACCOUNT OF MONTHLY
RATIONS
LATE URUK PERIOD, CIRCA 3100-3000 B.C.
A beautiful and early pictographic record of daily life within one of the cradles of civilisation.
49 x 76 mm. The obverse with 21 cases of text, the reverse uninscribed.
Provenance:
(1) Ancient Near Eastern Texts from the Erlenmeyer Collection; Christie's, London 13 December 1988, lot 35.
(2) Schøyen Collection, MS 234.
The present tablet bears the proto-cuneiform pictographic script invented in Southern Mesopotamia
more than 5000 years ago - the earliest known recorded writing system by man. It was from this script
that cuneiform evolved, with the pictographic signs becoming smaller and more abstract, composed in
horizontal lines as opposed to vertical bands. This tablet is derived from a single archive of 77 pictographic
tablets, all in the same hand. 55 of these are now in Freie Universität in Berlin, 4 in the British Museum, 3 in
the Metropolitan Museum, 4 in the Louvre, and 6 in the Schøyen Collection.
The frst writing system in the world developed as a response to a bureaucratic need. The pictographic
script, from which cuneiform directly evolved, was developed in order to monitor the administration of
fourishing local economies of Southern Iraq. The pictographic script might be viewed as a complex form
of shorthand, and remains almost impossible to decipher.
Previously owned by Professor Hans and Marie-Louise Erlenmeyer in the 1950s, it was ofered for sale at
Christie's London in 1988. A highlight of their collection was their archive of pictographic texts; the frst
and only such group of its kind ever to appear at auction, and among the best-preserved archives of such
tablets to have survived from antiquity.
Bibliography:
Nissen, Hans J., Peter Damerow, Robert K. Englund: Frühe Schrift und Techniken der
Wissenschaftsverwaltung. Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Cat., Berlin, 1990. no 4.30.
Exhibited:
Museum für Vor-und Frühgeschichte, Berlin, 1990.
£20,000-30,000 US$26,000-38,000
€23,000-34,000
8 In addition to the hammer price, a Buyer’s Premium (plus VAT) is payable. Other taxes and/or an Artist Resale Royalty
fee are also payable if the lot has a tax or λ symbol. Check Section D of the Conditions of Sale at the back of this catalogue.
9
*402
AN OLD BABYLONIAN CUNEIFORM CLAY TABLET OF THE UR-ISIN KING LIST
ISIN, 1813-1812 B.C.
An exceedingly rare source of evidence in one of the earliest known scripts, accounting for centuries of
Babylonian royal dynastic rule.
57 x 41 mm. With 21 lines of text on obverse and reverse.
Provenance:
(1) Ancient Near Eastern Texts from the Erlenmeyer Collection; Christie's London, 13 December 1988, lot 114.
Text:
The present tablet lists the kings and regnal years for the Third Dynasty of Ur (which ended in 2004 B.C.) and the
First Dynasty of Isin. The list goes down to year 4 of the King Damiq-ilishu who, in fact, reigned for 23 years to 1794
B.C., therefore the tablet was probably written in 1813-1812 B.C. The small format of this manuscript suggests that
it may have been excerpted from a longer date list, in which the regnal years of the kings were given their full names.
The obverse translates as: The reverse translates as:

18 years King Ur-Namma 28 years King Ur-Ninurta
48 years King Shulgi 22 years King Bur-Suen
9 years King Amar-Suen 5 years King Lipit-Enlil
9 years King Shu-Suen 8 years King Erra-imitti
24 years King Ibbi-Suen 24 years King Enlil-bani
33 years King Isbi-Erra 3 years King Zambiya
10 years King Shu-ilishu 3 years King Iter-pisa
21 years King Iddin-Dagan 3 years King Ur-dukuga
19 years King Isme-Dagan 11 years King Suen-magir
11 years Ling Lipit-Estar 4 years King Damiq-ilisu
The hand of Ur-Suen, until Damiq-ilisu
Approximately 17 diferent Babylonian and Assyrian King Lists have survived, some with more than one copy,
and mostly in fragmentary or highly worn condition. The present King List is one of the best preserved and oldest
examples to have survived from ancient Babylon. The other remaining tablets are all thought to be held in public
collections. While scarce, King Lists are crucial tools for demystifying the chronology of the Babylonian and
Assyrian Kingdoms.
Bibliography:
E. Sollberger, 'New Lists of the Kings of Ur and Isin', Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8, 1954, pp.135-6.
A.H. Grayson, King List 2, 'Königlisten und Chroniken' Reallexicon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatische
Archaeologie, Berlin, 1980, p. 90.
K Lippincott (ed.), with Umberto Eco & E.H. Gombrich, The Story of Time, London, 1999, p.255.
J Friberg, A Remarkable Collection of Babylonian Mathematical Texts (Sources and Studies in the History of
Mathematics and Physical Sciences. Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection: Cuneiform Texts I), New York, 2007,
pp.233-236.
Andrew George (ed.), Cuneiform Royal Inscriptions and Related Texts in the Schøyen Collection (Cornell University
Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology, vol. 17, Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection, Cuneiform texts VI), Bethesda,
2011, text 100, pp.206-207, pl. LXXXV.
Exhibited:
Conference of European National Librarians, Oslo, September 1994.
'The Story of Time', Queen's House at the National Maritime Museum and The Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Dec.
1999 - Sept. 2000.
£15,000-25,000 US$20,000-32,000
€17,000-28,000
11
*403
A DORIC GREEK INSCRIBED LEAD CURSE TABLET
CIRCA 5TH CENTURY B.C.
A dramatic invocation of divine intervention to disrupt judicial court proceedings in the Greek Classical era.
97 x 67 mm. Of roughly rectangular form, the tablet inscribed with ten lines of incised text with a curse relating to a legal process, with four clear fold lines.
Provenance:
(1) Private collection, Switzerland.
(2) Antiquities; Christie's, London, 7 July 1993, lot 38.
Text:
The Greek inscription reads 'As Oltis, being at/going to telos, was destroyed, so let Rhaton fruitlessly plead, him and Kelon/Kaikelon both in words and deeds
in court. As, fruitless, Oltis was destroyed being at/going to telos, so let Myskelos fruitlessly in court, both in words and deed in court. As Oltis, fruitless, was
destroyed, so let Lepton fruitlessly plead. Nothing be accomplished in court'.
Curse tablets enjoyed enduring popularity in the Graeco-Roman world, from the second half of the 6th century B.C. to the late Roman Imperial period. Curses
were often written on lead tablets which were then folded and placed at sites associated with the Underworld, such as sanctuaries of oracles or malevolent
spirits. These tablets could be directed against one or more people, or a specifc part of the body. For curses directed at participants in a trial — as with the present
example — the tongues of the judicial opponent were targeted. Other common curses were invoked by victims of theft, envious lovers, and rival athletes.
These curses were often, and perhaps unsurprisingly, deposited under the guise of anonymity. Therefore, to read such a tablet is to be privy to 'myriad, one-sided,
slanderous conversations, whispered across a distance of thousands of years' (E. Eidinow, Oracles, Curses, and Risk among the Ancient Greeks, Oxford, 2007,
p.229).
Bibliography:
D.R. Jordan, Una Nuova Defxio Dalla Sicilia, Schoyen Collection, London, 2014, p. 231-236.
£4,000-6,000 US$5,100-7,600
€4,600-6,800
*404 [Νέμεσι καὶ Διὸς] βαρύβρ[ομοι βρονταί,
EURIPIDES, Phoenissae, in Greek uncial, manuscript on papyrus [Egypt, late κεραυνῶν τε φῶς] αἰθαλόε[ν, σύ τοι
1st century B.C.] μεγαλαγορίαν] ὑπεράν[ορα κοιμίζεις:
ὅδ᾽ ἐστίν, αἰχμαλώτ]ιδας ὃ[ς
A unique and early witness to the dramatic literary prowess of one of the δορὶ Θηβαίας Μυκηνηΐσιν
greatest of the Classical tragic dramatists, Euripides. Λερναίᾳ] τε δώ[σειν τριαίνᾳ,
Ποσειδανίοις Ἀμυμ]ωνίοις [
66 x 30mm. Three small fragments of papyrus roll pieced together to form a ὕδασι δουλείαν περ]ιβαλών [—
portion of a column containing 8 lines of text written in a round Greek uncial. μήποτε μήποτε] τάνδε [ὦ πότνια]
Between sheets of glass and in a ftted rose cloth box.
Provenance: Script:
(1) H.P. Kraus, 1988. The script is datable to the frst century B.C. or frst century A.D. The alpha and
the delta are sharply angular and short leftward pointing serifs are visible on
(2) Schøyen Collection, MS 181. the 'rho', 'tau', and 'nu': the hand may be compared with those of P. Oxy. XLVII
3322 (Euripides, Phoenissae 3-14 and 46-61, dating from the frst century);
P. Oxy. XLVII 3324 (Meleager, Epigrams, dating from the frst century B.C. or
Text: A.D.); and P. Oxy. LXXIX 5195 (Sophocles, Oedipus Coloneus 189-201, 204-11,
With Aeschylus and Sophocles, Euripides (c.484-406 B.C.) was the last 243-7, also dating from the frst century B.C. or A.D.). The hand is remarkably
of Classical Athens’s great tragic dramatists. The beauty of Euripides’ similar to that of P. Co. Inv. 517b (see L. Feinberg, ‘Four New Homeric Papyri at
tragedies lies in its powerful psychological realism, with intensely fawed Columbia’, Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists, 8 [1971] 31).
characters bringing about their own sensational and melodramatic downfalls
through their unfettered and uncontrolled passions. The insights into human
melodrama in Euripides are found not through reconciliation or moral Bibliography:
resolution, but by an emphasis on chaos, meaningless sufering and human L. Feinberg, ‘A Fragment of Euripides’ Phoenissae’, Bulletin of the American
irrationality. The ancients knew of 92 plays composed by him, but only Society of Papyrologists, XII/2, (1975).
nineteen are extant (if one of disputed authorship is included).
B. E. Donovan, Euripides Papyri, New Haven and Toronto, 1969.
Phoenissae (Phoenician Women) displays some of Euripides’ fnest narrative
£4,000-6,000 US$5,100-7,600
technique. It dramatises the most fertile mythical tradition of the city of
€4,600-6,800
Thebes and its doomed royal family, focusing on the mutual slaughter of the
two sons of Oedipus, Eteocles and Polynices. The text of the present fragment,
as below (visible words in bold), follows lines 182-90 in the critical edition, an
electrifying speech by Antigone, daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta:
13
*405
MILITARY PAY REGISTER OF COHORS I APAMENORUM, in Greek, manuscript on papyrus [Egypt, 3rd century]
A unique survival of a military account documenting the reimbursement of travel expenses of recruits to a Roman cohort stationed in Egypt.
A fragment, c.250 x 140mm, three incomplete columns of 17-c.30 lines written in a rounded Greek cursive, with part of the top margin and the bottom margin
preserved, the entries in Column 2 broken into sections, with a short inset heading above each section; a gap in Column 1 indicating perhaps the beginning of a
new section; Column 3 – as far as it is preserved – continuous. The reverse appears to have been later used for a passage of hitherto unidentifed Greek literature,
with c.10 lines of hexameters (some staining, especially on the reverse, frayed at edges). Between glass sheets and in a stif cardboard folder.
Provenance:
(1) Prof. Aziz Suryal Atiya (1898-1988), of the University of Utah. Atiya was a prominent Coptologist, historian and founder of the Institute of Coptic Studies in Cairo
in the 1950s, and of the Middle East Center at the University of Utah. He compiled the Arabic Papyrus, Parchment and Paper Collection at the J. Willar Marriott
Library, University of Utah.
(2) H.P. Kraus, 1989, sold to:
(3) Schøyen Collection, MS 244/1.
Text:
The document lists soldiers of the cohors I Apamenorum to each of whom a sum of money – invariably 296 drachmas – has been paid or credited. This auxiliary
cohort, nominally 500-strong, containing archers and a cavalry element, joined the Egyptian army before 144, and remained there until the end of the 4th century
(there are a number of other textual witnesses to the existence of this cohort: see, for example, an inscription from Ostia honouring C. Nasennius Marcellus senior,
‘praef[ectus] coh[ortis] I Apamenae’; and in the career inscription of M. Valerius Lollianus, whose frst post was that of ‘praefectus cohort[is] I Apamenorum
sa[gittariorum] equit[atae] in the 150s). That the present document dates from the 3rd century is made clear by the fact that the men’s names, with the exception
of Saturnilus, are all preceded by αυρ’, the regular abbreviation for Αυ͗ρήλιος . Such a concentration of Aurelii post-dates the constitutio Antoniniana, efective in
Egypt from 214. The terminus ante quem is the reign of Diocletian (284-305), when soldiers were generally accorded the imperial gentilicum Valerius. The pay is
likely to be viaticum, or reimbursement of the ‘travel expenses’ which followed enlistment.
Bibliography:
R.A. Coles and R.S.O. Tomlin, ‘296 Drachmas for each soldier: MS Schøyen 244/1 recto’, Essays and Texts in Honor of J. David Thomas, 2001, pp.187-201.
£5,000-8,000 US$6,400-10,000
€5,700-9,000
*406
BIBLE, Ecclesiasticus, in Greek, manuscript on vellum [Eastern Mediterranean,
6th or 7th century]
A rare, fragmentary, survival of an early vellum biblical codex written in

Greek uncials.
160 x 25mm. A vertical strip with portions of 19/22 lines in brown ink in
handsome Greek Biblical uncial letters, one side preserving line beginnings
(formerly used in a binding as a sewing guard, creased and with stitching
holes). Between glass sheets. Fitted burgundy cloth folder and quarter-
morocco case.
Provenance:
(1) Bernard Quaritch, cat. 1056 (1985), no 1.
Text:
The text of the fragment is from Ecclesiasticus 40, 25 - 41, 10, beginning with
visible text at 40,26: ‘[É] χρήμα[τα καὶ ἰσχὺς]’ and ending ‘[πάντα ὅσα ἐκ γῆ]ς
εἰς . The Greek translation of Ecclesiasticus, or ‘The Wisdom of Jesus, son of
Sirach’, was the only prevailing source for the text until the late 19th century
when some late Hebrew fragments (10th-12th century) were recovered from
the Cairo Genizah. Owing to the fragmentary nature of the Hebrew sources,
the Greek translation remains the chief textual authority.
Script:
The script of the present fragment is the uncial form, used frst in the late
3rd and 4th centuries for such deluxe and seminal Biblical manuscripts as
the Codex Sinaiticus and the Codex Vaticanus. The earliest witness to Paul’s
Epistle to the Romans, known as the ‘Wyman Fragment’, written in late
3rd-century Greek uncial, and also part of the Schøyen collection was sold at
Sotheby’s on 10 July 2012, lot 3. The style of writing remained in use until the
10th century. The present fragment can be dated on palaeographical grounds
to the 6th-7th century, when uncial writing began to show an advance on the
delicate style of the 5th century in the comparatively heavy forms of its letters,
with — as in the present fragment — a more exaggerated contrast between
thick and thin strokes, evident here especially in the vertical strokes of γ and Φ.
Bibliography:
R. Pintaudi, 'Papyri Graecae Schøyen (PSchøyen I)', Papyrologica Florentina
35, Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection 5: Greek Papyri, I, Florence, 2005,
pp.49-54.
£7,000-10,000 US$8,900-13,000
€8,000-11,000
15
*407
PALIMPSEST, in Christian-Palestinian Aramaic and Syriac, manuscript on vellum [Mt Sinai, Egypt, the underlying text 6th century, the overlying text c.700]
An exceptional survival of considerable textual and historic interest of Christian Palestinian Aramaic, a Western Aramaic dialect used by the Melkite
Christian community in Palestine and Transjordan between the 5th and 13th centuries and preserved only in a few inscriptions, palimpsests and
manuscripts. The present fragment is from Saint Catherine’s Monastery in Sinai.
A fragment, the frst text (the underlying text) 200 x 160mm (originally c.240 x 180mm), 2 columns of 22 lines (of originally 24) written in an exceptional Christian
Palestinian-Aramaic uncial, blind-ruled, ruled space 190 x 140mm (originally c. 210 x 140mm); the second text (the overlying text), a single column of 15 lines
written in black ink in a somewhat shaky Syriac Estrangelo book script, inscription in black ink in Arabic (browning and staining, edges frayed, underlying script on
obverse very faded). Between two sheets of glass, green-cloth-gilt folding case by Aquarius.
Provenance:
(1) Monastery of St Catherine, Mt Sinai. There are three principal locations which have brought to light CPA manuscripts in Egypt (almost exclusively palimpsests):
St Catherine’s Monastery on Mt Sinai; the Wadi El Natrun and the Cairo Genizah. An important Mt Sinai codex is the so-called Codex Climaci rescriptus (now in
private ownership in the US; another single leaf from that codex, which contains Acts 21:14-25, forms Cod. Ms. Syr. 637 of the Mingana Collection, Birmingham).
The present fragment is part of Codex Sinaiticus Zosimi rescriptus (Schøyen Collection, MS 35; also MS 37; St Petersburg, Russian National Library MS Syr. 16;
SUB Gšttingen, Codd. Mss. Syr. 28A; 28B), which, like the present fragment, belonged originally to the Grote collection (see Alain Desreumaux, Codex sinaiticus
Zosimi rescriptus).
(2) Dr Friedrich Grote (1862-1922), German manuscript collector who by the end of the 19th century had built an impressive collection of manuscripts and
fragments with a Sinaitic provenance. Several of his Syriac, Arabic, CPA and Georgian manuscripts are now in major libraries and collections: the Vatican library,
the BnF, the British Library, among others.
(3) Private collection, Berlin (1929).
(4) D. MacLaren, sold at:
(5) Sotheby’s 12 April 1954, lot 302, purchased by:
(6) Dr Otto Fisher, Detroit.
(7) H.P. Kraus, ‘Monumenta Codicum Manuscriptorum’ (1974), no 2.
(8) H.P. Kraus cat. 165 (1983), no 28.
Text and script:

The frst, and most important, underlying text is Matthew 26:59-68; 26:70-27:2; 27:3-10. The script is almost identical to that of Codex Climaci rescriptus,
considered the fnest and earliest specimen of Christian-Palestinian Aramaic uncial extant. Parts of the present fragment completes Gšttingen, Ms. Syr. 28B.
With the exception of Codex Climaci rescriptus and Codex Sinaiticus Zosimi rescriptus, the language is represented in only a small scattering of fragments, all of
which are in major institutions: a section of a Vatican manuscript (MS. Sir 623) with readings from Exodus; a handful of fragments from the Cairo Genizah; a few
fragments from Khirbet Mird excavations in the 1950s (now Rockefeller Museum, Jerusalem; three fragments still in the library of St Catherine’s, Sinai (all 11th
century); two leaves in the British Library (BL Add. 14450 and Or.1080.4.65a); a fragment in the Louvre, Paris; fve leaves at the Bodleian, Oxford (MS Heb. e. 73
f.42-3; MS Heb. b. 13, f.13; MS Syr. d. 32; 33 and Syr. c. 4); a small fragment in Philadelphia (Penn. E 16507r); and two leaves in St Petersburg (Greek, ms. 119 and
Antonin, Ebr. B 958v).
The second, overlying text, is written in a c.700 Syriac Estrangelo, similar in style to Mt Sinai Cod. Syr. 30 (dated 698). It is a table of contents of a codex that
contained 11 texts, including 4 about the fathers who were put to death on Mt Sinai. These are: History of Paul; Sermon of Patriatch D[É]; Questions of John, the
Hermit; History of St Sergius; Selection from a Commentary on Matthew; Sermon of Mar. Euagrios; On the Fathers of the Holy Mountain; Likewise, history of the
Fathers who were put to death on Mount Sinai and in Raithu; On the others who were put to death on the Mountain Sinai; Likewise on Martyrius; On the Wood of
the Cross.
Textual witnesses of the Gospels in Christian Palestinian Aramaic are of immeasurable importance to biblical scholars, preserving as they do the Gospels in the
nearest dialect of Aramaic to that spoken by Jesus, and composed within a living tradition based in the Holy Land.
Bibliography:
Alain Desreumaux, ‘Codex sinaiticus Zosimi rescriptus; Description codicoligique de feuillets araméens melkites des manuscrits Schøyen 35, 36 et 37’, Histoire
du Texte Biblique 3, Lausanne, Éditions du Zèbre, 1997.
Alain Desreumaux, ‘L’apport des palimpsestes araméens, Christo-palestiniens. Le cas du Codex Sinaiticus Zosimi rescriptus et du Codex Climaci rescriptus’,
Palimpsestes et éditions de textes, Les textes littéraires. Actes du colloque tenu à Louvain-la-Neuve, September 2003, Publications de l’Institut Orientaliste de
Louvain 56, Louvain-la-Neuve, 2009, 201-11.
£10,000-15,000 US$13,000-19,000
€12,000-17,000
*408
APOCRYPHAL ACTS OF THE APOSTLES, Philip and Peter in Phrygia, in Sahidic Coptic, manuscript on
vellum [Egypt, 9th or 10th century]
A rare testament to the Sahidic version of the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles, from what would
once have been a sumptuous codex surviving today only in three fragments.
A fragment, 330 x 200mm (at its widest point), preserving almost the entirety of one of two columns of 35
lines written in brown ink in a superb Coptic uncial, large capitals in the margins, penwork arabesques as
line-fllers (losses afecting text, especially to right-hand column, marginal staining, fraying, text on reverse
faded). Blue folder by Aquarius.
Provenance:
(1) From the same parent codex as two other fragments in European institutional collections: Leiden
University Library Cod. Or. 14.331 and Catalonia, Abbey of Montserrat, P. Monts. Roca 323, which are both
part of the same leaf.
(2) Erik Edzard Floris Folkard von Scherling (1907-1956): no 2212 in his Rotulus: A bulletin for Manuscript
collectors, V, 1949, described with the fragment now in Leiden University Library. Son of the Swedish
Consul at Rotterdam, von Scherling worked for the bookseller Jacob Ginsberg in Leiden, where he
specialised in Oriental books, and learnt Latin and Arabic. By the age of 21 he was dealing in manuscripts
on his own account and already had an international clientele. The 18 leaves of transcription which
accompany the documentation of the present lot are likely in his hand.
(3) Laurence C. Witten III (1926-1995), American rare book dealer and collector of antiquities. Witten
sold the Leiden fragment to Dr Jan Just Witkam, then curator of Oriental collections at Leiden Univeristy
Library in November 1975. The present fragment was sold to:
(4) Sam Fogg Rare Books Ltd.
Text:
The fragment contains the end of the Acts of Philip and Peter (BHO 975-976; CANT 252), in Sahidic, with
the story of a young man attacked by the devil and the conversion of the Phrygians by the apostles Peter
and Philip. The same apocryphal text is also preserved fragmentarily in Bohairic, and in its entirety in
Arabic and Ethiopic. The text corresponds to the Arabic and Ethiopic versions published in A. Smith Lewis,
The Mythological Acts of the Apostles, London, 1904; E.A. Wallis Budge, The Contending of the Apostles,
London, 1901. A Sahidic parallel to the text of the present fragment can be found in Paris BnF Copte 129,
f.104-105.
Bibliography:
A. Suciu, ‘Three dispersed fragments from a Coptic manuscript of the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles’,
Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists, 49 (2012), pp.241-250
£8,000-12,000 US$11,000-15,000
€9,100-14,000
*409
BIBLE, Genesis, in Hebrew, manuscript on vellum [near East, 9th or 10th century]
An exceptional survival from the Cairo Genizah: a fragment from one of the earliest Hebrew biblical
codices of the 9th or 10th century, from the famed collection of David Solomon Sassoon.
1 leaf, 270 x 300mm, part of three columns of 17 lines, blind-ruled, written in black ink in a large fne
Eastern Hebrew square script, not vocalised (stained, creased and warped). Burgundy folder.
Provenance:
(1) From the Cairo Genizah, one of the most signifcant sources for any fragment of early Hebrew
manuscript. Described in a letter to the Times in 1897 by the scholar Solomon Schechter as 'a battlefeld
of books, [in which] [...] the literary production of many centuries had their share in the battle, and their
"disjecta membra" are now strewn over its area', the Genizah was a sacred storehouse located in the
Ben Ezra Synagogue in Fustat, containing some 300,000 manuscript fragments that outlined a 1,000-
year continuum of Jewish Middle-Eastern and North African history. Renovations to the building in
1891 released a number of leaves onto the antiquities market, whereupon the linguist Archibald Sayce
attempted, in 1892, to acquire the entire collection for the Bodleian for the asking price of '£50 and 5
bakshish' (usually translated as 'tip'). Negotiations remained fruitless, and he left Cairo blaming the
inebriation of the oficials for his failure. In 1896, the Scottish twin sisters Agnes S. Lewis and Margaret
D. Gibson returned from Egypt with fragments from the Genizah they considered to be of interest,
and showed them to Schechter, 'their irrepressibly curious rabbinical friend' at Cambridge. Schechter
departed for Egypt and obtained the remaining 193,000 fragments for Cambridge University (now the
Taylor-Schechter Cairo Genizah Collection, the world's largest and most important single collection of
medieval Jewish manuscripts).
(2) David Solomon Sassoon (1880-1942), acquired by him in December 1922 together with 8 other Biblical
texts from the Genizah; his sale at Sotheby’s, Seventy-Six Hebrew and Samaritan Manuscripts from the
library of the late David Solomon Sassoon, London 21st June 1994, lot 1, part (1).
Text:
The leaf contains Genesis 4:13-23. It is comparable in date to the surviving parts of the Aleppo Codex
(Jerusalem, Shrine of the Book); the Damascus Pentateuch (Jerusalem, Hebrew University); the St
Petersberg Codex (National Library of Russia, MS.B19a) and British Library, Or.4445. These are the
earliest witnesses to the format of the text as selected by Aaron Ben-Asher (d. c.960) in Tiberias, modern
Palestine.
Bibliography:
D.S. Sassoon, Ohel David, Descriptive Catalogue of the Hebrew and Samaritan Manuscripts in the Sassoon
Library, 1932, I, pp. 27 – 28.
£10,000-15,000 US$13,000-19,000
€12,000-17,000
θ410
BIBLE, Exodus, in Hebrew with the Aramaic translation of the Pentateuch, Targum Onkelos, interlined
verse by verse, manuscript on vellum [near East, 10th or frst half 11th century]
Among the earliest group of surviving Hebrew Bible manuscripts, with the Targum, in codex form.
8 consecutive leaves, each 390 x 330mm, blind-ruled for two columns of 23 lines written in black ink in
a large fne Eastern Hebrew square script, fully vocalised and with accents, ruled space 250 x 250mm,
preserving pinholes in outer margins (some marginal staining and fraying, but generally in excellent
condition). Fitted folding box.
Provenance:
(1) According to Prof. Malachi Beit-Arié of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the scribe of the present
manuscript may have originated from north Africa, although he sees the fragments as Oriental. In a note by
Bernard Rosenthal that accompanies the documentation of the lot, Rosenthal notes that 'Dr Lutzky, of the
Bodleian Library, held a slightly diferent view, and expressed the opinion that the fragments come from
Babylonia, and may date as far back as the 10th or 11th century'.
(2) Acquired from the Genizah of a Jewish Community in Kurdistan between 1950 and 1959 by:
(3) Walter Joseph Fischel (1902-1973), scholar and collector whose main felds of research and publication
centred around two major topics: the history of Jewish communities in the Middle East, Central Asia, and
the Indian sub-continent and Islamic history and civilization.
(4) Bernard Rosenthal, February 1989, sold to:
Text:
The leaves contain the text of Exodus 10:15-14:21. Of the many Aramaic translations of the Hebrew Bible,
there are three principle ones: Targum Onkelos, Targum Jonathon and the Peshitta. Targum Onkelos is a
translation of the Pentateuch and was written in the 1st century by Onkelos, a Roman convert to Judaism.
Important examples of Hebrew Bibles containing this late antique Aramaic translation include Codex
Valmadonna I (now at the Museum of the Bible, Washington DC), and Rome, Biblioteca Apostolica
Vaticana, Vat. ebr. 482. Various sources from medieval France and Germany show that the Targum
was part of the educational curriculum and that it played a role in Jewish liturgy. Its role in the learning
curriculum may explain why European Jewish communities continued to produce bilingual Hebrew-
Aramaic Bibles even though Aramaic was not an essential part of the liturgy. As in Valmadonna I, the
layout of the present fragment shows the Targum alternating verse by verse with the Hebrew text. There
are no graphic diferences between Hebrew and Aramaic: the characters are written in the same style of
script, of the same dimensions, and they are both vocalised with Tiberian vowels.
Bibliography:
J. Olszowy-Schlanger, 'Hebrew Books', The European Book in the Twelfth Century, Cambridge, 2018, p.167.
Exhibited:
XVI Congress of the International Organization for the study of the Old Testament. Library of Law Faculty,
University of Oslo, 29 July - 7 August 1998.
£25,000-35,000 US$32,000-44,000
€29,000-40,000
θ411
LECTIONARY, in Syriac, illuminated manuscript on vellum [near East, c.1200]
An imposing leaf from a giant deluxe late 12th / early 13th-century illustrated Syriac Lectionary.
A single leaf, 432 x 325mm, blind-ruled for two columns of 24 lines written in brown ink in a Syriac Estrangelo book script, ruled space 285 x 100mm, 4 lines in
gold, 15th-century panels with interlace ornament, incorporating the gathering signature at the foot of the leaf (marginal damp-staining and cockling, affecting the
top and bottom left-hand corner of text on verso, diagonal creases across text and interlace panels). Bound in grey buckram at the Quaritch bindery.
Provenance:
(1) Hagop Kevorkian (1872-1962): the present fragment described along with 5 other miniature leaves from the same parent codex in J. Leroy, Les Manuscrits
syriaques à peintures conservés dans les bibliothèques d’Europe et d’Orient, Paris, 1964, pp.411-13. Kevorkian was an Armenian-American archeologist, connoisseur
of art, and collector, originally from Kayseri, who graduated from the American Robert College in Istanbul and settled in New York City in the late 19th century.
(2) Sam Fogg Ltd, 1989. Three of the miniature leaves from the Kevorkian collection appeared in Medieval Manuscripts, cat. 12 (1989), no 1. The present leaf sold to:
Text and script:

The text is from Luke 2:9-20, a reading concerning the Nativity. The script indicates an approximate date of the late 12th century or early 13th century. Illustrated
Syriac material is of the greatest rarity.
Exhibited:
Early Christian and Byzantine Art, An Exhibition held at the Baltimore Museum of Art, 1947, no 52.
£4,000-6,000 US$5,100-7,600
€4,600-6,800
θ412
ISAAC BEN ABBA MARI OF MARSEILLES (c.1122 – c.1193), Sefer ha-Ittur or Ittur Sofrim (a compilation of the main Halakhic laws), in Hebrew, manuscript on
vellum [southern France, late 13th century]
A beautiful example of rabbinic cursive script of the 13th century, almost contemporaneous with the author's lifetime.
10 leaves, each 390 x 240 mm, blind-ruled for two columns of 60 lines written in brown ink in a beautiful Provençal Hebrew rabbinic cursive script, ruled space 270
x 160 mm, some headings in Hebrew square script, occasional side notes (a few stains and spots, one leaf cut but not afecting text, else in excellent condition).
Bound in grey buckram at the Quaritch bindery.
Provenance:
(1) Sotheby’s, 29 November 1990, lot 56.
Text:
Isaac ben Abba Mari, often referred to as 'Ba'al ha-Ittur', was a Provençal rabbi and author of the Sefer ha-Ittur or Ittur Sofrim, a treatise on Jewish conjugal, civil
and dietary laws. It was accepted as an authoritative halakhic treatise by the great rabbinical authorities of Spain and Germany. Both the manuscript and the
printed editions (Pt. 1: Venice, 1608; Warsaw, 1801; Pt. 2: Lemberg, 1860) of the text of the Sefer ha-Ittur are faulty to the extent of the deletion of entire lines,
rendering its study dificult.
The present text is from part 2, concerning the laws of forbidden portions of meat, laws of the phylacteries (tefllin), fringes (zizit) and of marriage.
£3,000-5,000 US$3,900-6,300
€3,500-5,700
25
The Early Latin West
The Roman System of Scripts and National Scripts
The Roman system of scripts stretches from the reign of the Emperor Augustus (31
B.C. – 14 A.D.) to the papacy of Gregory the Great (509 – 604), but its infuence in
terms of the subsequent evolution of local European scripts was to be long-lived.
Within the orbit of professional scribal activity and the widespread literacy of
Antiquity, a system of scripts arose which was adapted to a wide variety of written
forms. Finest of these were Square Capitals, an angular bilinear script reserved for
display purposes whose forms were ideally suited to production with the chisel for
monumental epigraphic inscriptions (lot 413).
From Capitals came the much more informal cursive script, called Old Roman
Cursive, which was primarily used for administrative purposes and correspondence.
It was written rapidly and with a tendency to fragment letters, favouring greater
fuidity or angularity of forms depending on whether a pen or a stylus was being
used. Examples of this script can also be seen in grafiti in Pompeii (or in curse
tablets, as in lot 414).
By the early 4th century these scripts had gradually evolved into what Michelle
Brown calls a ‘New Roman System of Scripts’, which included the ‘luxury’ book
script called Uncial (see lot 415). This script presented much more rounded letter-
forms, some of which were infuenced by Old Roman Cursive. It became the script of
Christianity (it has been ascribed, probably apocryphally, to St Jerome), a script that
signalled authority and permanence, adopted for the earliest deluxe Bibles and most
important Christian texts, and surviving well into the 12th century.
As the Roman Empire in the West entered its spiral of decline, the void it left behind
was quickly flled by a wide variety of competing groups: Ostrogoths, Visigoths,
Vandals, Burgundians, Franks, Angles, Saxons, Lombards and other ‘barbarian’
societies sought to carve out their own kingdoms, with their own languages, dialects
and scripts. Many of these groups were romanophile and Christianised, and showed
a degree of acquaintance with the Latin alphabet: in these cases, sub-Roman
continuity of script was advanced along local lines. Roman cursive survived the
collapse of the Empire through use by notaries and administrative oficials: this,
along with the Half-Uncial, formed the basis for many of the local scripts that arose
in tandem with the establishment of the new European powers. The two most
successful of these scripts were the Visigothic (lot 418) and Beneventan minuscules
(lots 419-22), the ‘National Scripts’ of Spain and southern Italy. Both survived well
into the Middle Ages as indigenous scripts that were out of the reach and infuence
of Carolingian hegemony. Beneventan minuscule, a distinctive script which takes
its name from the Duchy of Benevento, continued to be used in southern Italy and
along the eastern Adriatic coast of Dalmatia into the frst half of the 16th century.
The Schøyen Collection is renowned for its exceptional collection of Beneventan
fragments.
But there were other ‘National Scripts’, propagated by communities that settled
in Western territories previously under the control of the Roman Empire that did
not follow sub-Roman continuity, but rather looked to the East. Two exceptional
examples of these scripts can be found in lots 417 (written in Asomatavruli) and 423
(written in Glagolitic).
26
*413
A ROMAN BRONZE FLEET DIPLOMA FOR L. PETRONIO
REIGN OF ANTONINUS PIUS, 143 A.D.
An exceedingly well preserved Roman imperial proclamation, honouring the prestigious career of a
sailor serving in the feet of the emperor Antoninus Pius.
158 x 127 mm. Issued by Antoninus Pius, during the consulship of Aug. M. Cornelio Fronto and L. Laberio
Prisco, in recognition of 26 years of service for the veteran sailor L. Petronio Eptaezeni in the Praetorian
Fleet of Misenum under the command of Valerius Paetus, the outside face of the reverse tablet listing the
names of seven witnesses, the whole comprising two rectangular tablets each pierced twice for binding
(now missing) and once in corner. Burgundy red ftted box.
Provenance:
(1) Said to have been found in Bulgaria in the 20th Century.
(2) Bernard Quaritch, London, September 1994.
The diploma grants L. Petronio Eptaezeni f. Eptaetrali an honourable discharge from the navy of Emperor
Antoninus Pius, Roman citizenship for himself and his descendants, and the right of legal marriage.
Interestingly, this diploma is the earliest known example known to date, to contain the addition of
Romanam after civitatem in an imperial feet diploma; a privilege not given at this time to the existing
children listed on the diplomas of army auxiliary diplomas.
Lucius Petronius has the same Thracian cognomen as his father. There is also one instance of Eptatralis
occurring in Pannonia and two in Moesia inferior (now the Balkans), and one example of Eptezenus in
Moesia inferior, so it seems likely that despite having a Roman prenomen and nomen he was of foreign
birth. By repute the diploma was found in Bulgaria which would tie in with his home town Nicopoli ex
Bessia. This would almost certainly be Nicopolis ad Nestum, a town within the territory of the Bessi, in
the Roman province of Thrace, modern day southern Bulgaria. In all likelihood, like many army and navy
veterans, he would have returned home on discharge.
26 years was the usual term of service seen on the majority of feet diplomas from about the beginning of
the reign of Hadrian until the early 3rd Century A.D. when the term changed to 28 years. The text is copied
and checked from the bronze tablet which is fxed in Rome on the wall behind the Temple of Augustus,
near the statue of Minerva.
Script:
The text on the inner sides of the two tablets, hastily written and abbreviated, refects the outer text of
the frst tablet, which is a formal and fne example of Roman capitals. The tablets would have been bound
and sealed together, and in the event of the outer copy being called into question, reference could be
made to the inner text by breaking the seals, without the necessity of referring to the oficial copy in Rome.
Suetonius describes this practice for important documents in his ‘Life of Nero’ from De vita Caesarum.
Bibliography:
W. Eck, M.M. Roxan, Römische Inschriften - Neufunde, Neulesungen und Neuinterpretationen. Festschrift
für Hans Lieb zum 65. Gerburstag dargebracht von seinen Freunden und Kollegen, Basel, 1995, pp.79-99.
M. Roxan and P. Holder, Roman Military Diplomas IV, London, 2003, no 264, pp.505-506. (2)
£20,000-30,000 US$26,000-38,000
€23,000-34,000
CIVITAS IIS DATA AUT SIQUI CAELIBES ES
SENT CUM IS QUAS POSTEA DVXISSENT
In addition to the hammer price, a Buyer’s Premium (plus VAT) is payable. Other taxes and/or an Artist Resale Royalty
MS 1720/1
Curse against a thief that is to bring the Stolen Property back to the Temple
of Mercury, in Old Roman cursive.
(Transcription by Roger Tomlin)
THE TARLTON HOARD

The second tablet with three fragmentary lines of script; the third with seven
414
lines of script with two words legible; the fourth with seven lines of script with
A GROUP OF SIX ROMANO-BRITISH LEAD CURSE TABLETS an appeal for restitution to the local god, identifed with Mars; the ffth with
seven lines of indistinct script on one face and two on the other; the sixth with
CIRCA 150-300 A.D. six lines of script; together with two other lead tablets, one with a Greek magical
palindrome and a Maskelli Maskello formula, circa 4th Century A.D., and
A rare insight into Romano-British ritual practices, and the third largest
another with magical script of unreadable characters, circa 4th Century A.D.
hoard of curse tablets discovered in England.
Of the eight present tablets, six were reputedly found together near Tarlton,
The largest 71 x 103 mm. Comprising six fragmentary lead tablets, all written
Gloucestershire. There are several interesting dialect spellings, possibly
in Old Roman Cursive, with two further lead tablets, both 4th century, one with
refecting the version of Latin written and spoken by the British Dobunni tribe.
a Greek magical palindrome and the other with unreadable characters.
The Greek magical tablet has the same appearance and patination as the
Provenance:
Tarlton tablets. X-ray Fluorescence testing has provided a result confrming a
(1) Found near Tarlton, Gloucerstershire (items 1-6).
similar lead content suggesting it comes from the same source as the hoard.
The Maskelli Maskello magical invocation is best known from Egyptian
(2) Nicholas Wright, London.
magical papyri and lead tablets found in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean.
The presence of such a sophisticated magical text in Roman-Britain is
(3) Dr Jeremy Grifiths, Oxford, sold in 1993 to:
therefore highly unusual.
(4) Schoyen Collection, MS 1720/1-8. (2) Schøyen Collection, MS 1720/1-8.

Exhibited:
Comité International de Paléographie Latine (CIPL), Senate House, University
The largest with six lines of legible script reading:
of London, 3 September 2008. (8)
'To the god Mercury Arverius, I complain to you, lord, concerning my property,
a cloak and hood. Whoever stole this, whether slave or free, whoever stole this, £10,000-15,000 US$13,000-19,000
the god is not to let them stand or sit, drink or eat, unless they redeem it at your €12,000-17,000
temple with their own blood.'
In addition to the hammer price, a Buyer’s Premium (plus VAT) is payable. Other taxes and/or an Artist Resale Royalty 31
*415
BIBLE, Ezechiel, in Latin, manuscript on vellum [northern Italy, 5th century]
The oldest known manuscript of Ezechiel 20 in Latin and the oldest western manuscript in private
hands: an exceptional survival of the highest historical importance with unbroken provenance from
the great libraries of Reichenau, Constance Cathedral and Donaueschingen. 'Without qualifcation,
this is a piece of the most important biblical manuscript that one could ever conceive owning' (C. de
Hamel).
Six fragments forming part of a single leaf, c.170 x 150mm overall, blind-ruled for two columns (of three)
of 18 lines (of 23) written in brown ink in a superb classical uncial hand, marginalia in a 5th-century small
quarter-uncial with many ligatures, sketch of a branching stem in corner of recto (recovered from a binding
and consequently defective and glue-stained, some wormholes and cuts, vellum worn and transparent,
text very faded but perfectly legible). Inserted between glass sheets. Fitted red morocco box gilt.
Provenance:
The present fragments were recovered from the binding of Donaueschingen MS. 191 (and subsequently
renamed MS. B.I.3) by the German Benedictine palaeographer Alban Dold (1882-1960). The central piece
was recovered in 1909 and the fve surrounding pieces were found in the same binding in 1920.
(1) Written in an important but unidentifed scriptorium in northern Italy in the 5th century: the marginalia
show that it was used liturgically, making it a testament to one of the earliest records of Christian worship.
(2) Benedictine Abbey of Reichenau, Constance: Paul Lehmann (see Lehmann, Mittelalt.
Bibliothekskataloge, p.256) and others suggest that the parent codex may be the 'Liber prophetarum quem
Hiltiger de Italia adduxit' mentioned in a Reichenau list of books acquired during the abbacy of Erlebald
(823-838). The famed library of Reichenau on Lake Constance must be counted among the richest in
Carolingian Europe.
[et] educam uos de

populis et [É]
fee are also payable if the lot hwas a tax or λ symbol. Check Section D of the Conditions of Sale at the back of this catalogue.
(3) Constance Cathedral: a number of manuscripts were transferred to Constance in the late 13th century
(Lehmann, Mittelalt. Bibliothekskataloge, p.188). Ours is likely the 'Item VI libri biblie in uno volumine de litera
multum antiqua' in the Constance catalogue of 1343. Presumably by the middle of the 15th century it was cut up
and used as binder's waste, since the six fragments of the present leaf were used in Donaueschingen MS.191, a
splendid 9th-century Sacramentary written probably at Reichenau and still in its medieval Constance Cathedral
binding. The majority of the Constance Cathedral manuscripts were sold to Weingarten Abbey in 1630, but the
Sacramentary with the present fragments was retained by the Cathedral until it was sold to:
(4) Baron Joseph Maria Christoph von Lassberg (1770-1855), the noted German antiquary and collector. He
collected a library of upwards of 12,000 books and 273 manuscripts. He sold his library in 1853 to:
(5) The Fürstliche Fürstenbergische Hofbibliothek, Donaueschingen: its MS. 191, and subsequently, once the
fragments were recovered, MS. B.I. 3. The grand library of the Prince Fürstenberg at Donaueschingen was one
of the finest in private hands. The earliest recorded member of the family to collect books was Graf Wolfgang
von Fürstenberg (1465-1509) who purchased manuscripts on his diplomatic travels in the service of the Emperor
Maximilian I. It was he who bought the castle at Donaueschingen in 1488, a fortress built beside the source of the
Danube, and who entertained the Emperor there with a feast and carnival in 1499. The main line of the Fürstenberg
hereditary princes became extinct in 1804 when Prince Karl Egon II (1796-1854) from the Bohemian branch of the
family became its head. Both Karl Egon II and his son, Karl Egon III (1820-1892) were keen collectors: in 1853 Karl
Egon III purchased the collection of Joseph, Freiherr von Lassberg (see above), a collection so vast that he had to
move the local government offices elsewhere and convert the whole of the building into a Library.
(6) Sotheby's, Donaueschingen: Twenty Western Illuminated Manuscripts, 21 June 1982, lot 1, bought by:
(7) Winsor T. Savery, Houston, Texas.
Sister-leaves:
Fragments of this manuscript have also been found in 26 different manuscripts in Fulda, Darmstadt, Stuttgart,
and the Benedictine monastery of St Paul in Carinthia. Forty-six folios survive from the parent codex, wholly or in
part, and some only in offset, detached from bindings and mostly kept under glass. Among these are Darmstadt,
Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Ms. 3140 and Ms. 895 (offset); Fulda, Landesbibliothek Ms. Aa 1 a; Sankt Paul
im Lavanttal, Stiftsbibliothek (without number); Stuttgart, Württembergische Landesbibliothek HB II.20; HB II.54;
HB VII.1; VII.8; VII.12; VII.25; VII.28-30; VII.39; VII.45; VII.64; XI.30; XIV.14-15.
Text:
Following the expansion of Christianity in the Roman Empire, Latin became increasingly used as a lingua franca in
place of Greek, first in North Africa and then in Spain, England, Gaul and Germany. A huge panoply of translations
of the Bible appeared, frequently inaccurate and not controlled by any ecclesiastical authority. These came to be
known under the common rubric 'Vetus Latina', or 'Old Latin', a collective term for this diverse group of Latin biblical
texts. This flood of versions came to an end in the 4th century as the Old Latin was superseded by the Vulgate
translation of St Jerome, and subsequently interest in its manuscript tradition waned. Consequently no complete
manuscript of the Bible in the Old Latin version survives, and it has to be assembled from fragmentary manuscripts,
liturgical books, and patristic quotations in sermons, letters and other texts. The Benedictine Pierre Sabatier (1682-
1742) edited a collection of material then known in Bibliorum sacrorum latinae versiones etc. (1739-49). Sabatier
prints in one column the fullest continuous text he could find for a passage, and beside it the Vulgate, together with
variants from other Old Latin sources in an apparatus. In the early twentieth century Abbot Joseph Denk started
collecting all citations to the Latin Bible from patristic writings. Denk’s collection, comprising many hundreds of
thousands of files, was deposited at St Boniface Abbey in Beuron (Germany). The collection is the foundation of a
project to edit and collate all the ancient Latin versions of the Bible currently being undertaken by the Vetus Latina
Institute at the abbey itself.
The present fragment comprises Ezechiel 20:34-39 and 20:43-47. B. Fischer (Vetus Latina, 1949, pp. 11-34), lists
over 450 manuscripts with parts of the text. There are no other manuscripts or even fragments of Ezechiel as early
as the present leaf with the possible exception of the fifth-century undertext of the palimpsest at Würzburg (Univ.
Bibl. Mp.th.f.64a), whose text begins only in chapter 24. This is the oldest surviving witness of Ezechiel 20.
Script:
According to E. A. Lowe, the script is an ‘expert uncial of the finest and oldest type: the tail of 'C' is short; the first
stroke of 'M' is almost straight; ligatures are numerous at line-ends’. The marginalia are in a fifth-century quarter-
uncial with many ligatures while abbreviations include d = ‘dicunt’, q· = ‘que’, and the normal forms of Nomina Sacra;
omitted 'm' is marked after the vowel by a horizontal stroke with dot below. The writing is exact, and formed with
great beauty and precision of stroke. We also witness an example of the early practice of writing text in narrow
columns. All in all, the quality of the writing embodies all the characteristics of the greatest uncial scripts of the early
Christian west, designed to signal authority and permanence.
34
Bibliography:
P. Lehmann, Die Konstanz-Weingartener Propheten-Fragmente, Leiden, 1912 (Scato de Vries, ed., Codices
Graeci et Latini photographice depicti, Supplementum, IX); present fragment discussed pp. I-IV, pl.48 (only
the central piece was then known).
P. Lehmann, Mittelalterliche Bibliothekskataloge, Deutschland und der Schweiz, I, Munich, 1918, p.186.
A. Dold, 'Konstanzer altlateinische Propheten- und Evangelienbruchstücke', Texte und Arbeiten, I, 1923,
pp.7-9, pls. 1, 3 and 4.
E.A. Lowe, 'A Handlist of Half-Uncial Manuscripts', Miscellanea Francesco Ehrle, VI, 1924, p.42.
B. Fischer, Verzeichnis der Sigel. Vetus Latina, Die Reste der Altlateinischen Bibel, Freiburg, 1949, p.21, no
175.
E.A. Lowe, Codices Latini antiquiores. A palaeographical guide to Latin manuscripts prior to the ninth
century, X, Oxford, 1963, p.4, no 1174.
E. Dekkers, Clavis Patrum Latinorum, 1961, no 1965.
R. Gryson, Altlateinische Handschriften, I, Freiburg, 1999, pp.267-269.
E.F. Rhodes, The Text of the Old Testament: An Introduction to the 'Biblia Hebraica', Cambridge, 2014, pl.40.
£120,000-180,000 US$160,000-230,000
€140,000-200,000
35
θ416
POPE LEO I, Sermones, in Latin, manuscript on vellum [Lake Constance, frst quarter 9th century]
A fne, confdent example of Alemannic minuscule.
A single leaf, 245 x 175mm, single column of 17 lines written in dark brown ink in an Alemannic minuscule,
glosses in a 15th-century German hand on verso (small stains, outer margin torn with small losses to a
few lines of text, some creasing and cockling, small pieces of paper adhering to lower part). Bound in grey
buckram at the Quaritch bindery.
Provenance:
(1) Bernard Breslauer (1918-2004): a description in German by Albert Bruckner, who saw the leaf when it
was in Breslauer’s possession, accompanies the lot.
(2) Heinrich Rosenthal, Lucerne. Sold in October 1959 to:
(3) Bernard Rosenthal, his 'I/86'. A letter of 1 November 1959 from the great palaeographer Bernhard
Bischof addressed to Rosenthal, in which he dates the fragment and localises it to the Bodensee region,
accompanies the documentation of the lot.
(4) Quaritch, Bookhands V, cat.1147 (1991), no 3 (as ‘Commentary on Joel’).
Text:
The text, beginning on the reverse of the fragment as bound, ‘patum tenere; Quia multum prodest ad
praecepta’ and ending ‘prius sem[en]te[m] dominicam tua ariditate[É]’ generally follows the text of Pope
Leo I’s (c.391-461) Sermo LXXXI, for Pentecost, ch.1-2. In addition to a few deviations from the standard
text of Migne, the present fragment also includes an excerpt from what appears to be a commentary on
Joel 2.23.
Script:
Alemannic minuscule was the pre-Carolingian script in use in St Gall and Reichenau, which reached its
mature form in the mid-8th century in the hand of the scribe Winithar, about whom Lowe noted ‘his piety
and zeal for learning were only exceeded by his bad penmanship’ (Codices Latini Antiquiores VII, p.ix). The
script of the present fragment, written with a thick pen in a confdent hand, boasts a well-spaced, robust
aspect, a frmly formed uncial ‘a’ and a preponderance of ligatures (for example ‘re’, ‘ri’, ‘or’, ‘ec’, ‘ex’, ‘st’, ‘et’,
‘ae’), showing the beginnings of early Carolingian infuence.
£10,000-15,000 US$13,000-19,000
€12,000-17,000
carni. Unde nunc praesens lec-

tio p[ro]ph[et]ica e[t] recitata. Haec dic[it]
d[omi]n[u]s d[eu]s. Exultate flii Sion. Id est
θ417
ATHANASIUS OF ALEXANDRIA (PSEUDO-). Quaestiones ad Antiochum ducem 94 – 101, in Georgian,
manuscript on vellum [Georgia, 10th century]
Two leaves written in asomatavruli, the oldest Georgian script
A bifolium, 226 x 195mm, blind-ruled for a single column of 22 lines written in brown ink in a very fne
asomatavruli bookhand, ruled space 180 x 140mm (some fading of text and marginal staining). Bound in
grey buckram at the Quaritch bindery.
Provenance:
(1) According to a report by Prof. J. Neville Birdsall (1928-2005), Emeritus Professor of New Testament
Studies and Textual Criticism at the University of Birmingham, the leaves had been in an English private
collection since 1826.
(2) Sam Fogg Rare Ltd., London.
Text:
The text belongs to the genre of Questions and Responses on Holy Scripture which is well known
throughout ancient Christendom. The series within this manuscript is in close textual agreement with
the series known under the title Quaestiones ad Antiochum ducem, which fgure among the Spuria of
the corpus of Athanasius of Alexandria. The series numbered in the manuscript 94-101 corresponds to
those numbered 98-105 in the Greek, published in Migne, Patrologia Graeco-Latina, 28, coll. 657-664. It
is furthermore very closely related both in content and hand to Leipzig University Library V. 1096 Part 3,
three leaves dating from the 10th century containing Questions 109, 110, and 115.
Georgian manuscripts extant worldwide number approximately 10,000 in total, of which the majority are
late. Of these, 8700 are in two Georgian locations: Tbiblisi and Kutaisi. 500 are in St Petersburg; 161 in
the Greek patriarchate in Jerusalem; 86 in the Monastery of St Catherine, Mt Sinai; 22 in Erevan; and 9
in Moscow. Elsewhere in the world only small stray collections are found. They are virtually unknown in
private hands. According to Prof. Birdsall, the present leaves are ‘of signifcance far beyond that which its
total [É] might be taken to indicate'.
£8,000-12,000 US$11,000-15,000
€9,100-14,000
θ418
SMARAGDUS OF SAINT-MIHIEL, Commentary on the Rule of St Benedict, in Latin, decorated manuscript on vellum
[Visigothic Spain (perhaps Burgos province), 10th century]
'Apart from Paris and London, very few libraries in Europe can boast of more than one or two Visigothic manuscripts. The
great Bodleian of Oxford has not a single one' (E.A. Lowe). One of the earliest witnesses to the oldest known commentary
on the Rule of St Benedict.
A partial leaf, 274 x 150mm, remains of two columns of 29 lines written in brown ink in a fne early Visigothic minuscule,
headings in red, two large initials with compartments of burgundy, one terminating in a simple fower bud (ofset in places from
another leaf, slightly scufed, worming and trimmed on one side removing outer half of one column). Bound in grey buckram at
the Quaritch bindery.
Provenance:
(1) Bernard Rosenthal, his 'I/162', acquired in 1962.
(2) Quaritch, Bookhands III, cat.1088 (1988), no 12.
Sister-leaves:
A bifolium from the prologue of the same volume is Beinecke Library MS 447 (B. Shailor, Catalogue of Medieval and Renaissance
Manuscripts, II, 1987, p.398). Shailor dates the Marston bifolium to the 1st half of the 10th century. It has inscriptions suggesting
that the parent volume was cut up in 1612.
Text:
Smaragdus (760-840) was a Benedictine monk and scholar and one of the handful of authors who helped shape the earliest
phases of the Carolingian Renaissance, operating within a movement that sought to address the troubled state of education
among the clergy by encouraging production of accurate and easily digestible texts flled with learning from Antiquity. Very
little information survives about him: he was previously thought to be Irish, but this was questioned by Bernhard Bischof
(Celtica 5, 1960). Other scholars followed, noting Smaragdus' use of Visigothic examples in his writing on patronyms (Holtz in
Bulletin de la Société nationale des antiquaires de France, 1983), and knowledge of obscure Spanish texts such as the Sententiae
of Taio of Saragossa (Rädle, Studien zu Smaragd, 1974, pp.75-77). It now seems certain that Smaragdus came from Visigothic
Spain, and may have been the abbot of Silos. He perhaps fed ahead of the Islamic advance in the late 8th century. As such, he is
one of the last witnesses to the lost scholarship and culture of that region.
The text of the present leaf is from his commentary on the Rule of St Benedict (ch.III: Migne, Pat.Lat. 102, cols.746-48), a
work he composed after the 816 Council of Aachen imposed the Rule on all monasteries in the Empire. It is the oldest known
commentary on the Rule of St Benedict. It is clear that Visigothic Spain, and in particular the north-western Burgos province,
played an important role in the early copying and dissemination of the writings of Smaragdus. Like the present leaf, three of
the earliest manuscripts of the text are in Visigothic script: Rylands Library, Lat. MS 104 (early 10th-century, from San Pedro
de Cardeña: Shailor, 'The Scriptorium of San Pedro de Cardeña', Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library, 61, 1979, p.454);
British Library, Add. MS 30055 (early 10th century, perhaps from Cardeña); and fragments of the 9th and 10th centuries in the
archives of the monastery of Silos (Archivo del Monasterio, frg.1 and 5-16, with other leaves from the latter probably in Madrid,
Archivo Historico Nacional Clero. Carpeta 1030, num.24).
Script:
The script is a beautiful Visigothic script of square upright form with fne vertical strokes, displaying characteristic use of the
letter 'g' in q-form, the i-longa or tall 'i', the 'ti' ligature, and the conjunction 'quum' (cum). Visigothic minuscule was the national
writing of Spain, deriving, like other early National scripts, from the late Roman system of scripts, and infuenced by half-uncial
models and notarial cursive.
Bibliography:
M. Ponesse, 'Smaragdus of Saint-Mihiel and the Carolingian Monastic Reform', Revue Bénédictine 116:2, (2006), pp.367-392.
M. Ponesse, ‘Standing Distant from the Fathers: Smaragdus of Saint-Mihiel and the Reception of Early Medieval Learning‘,
Traditio 67 (2012), pp.71-99.
£35,000-50,000 US$45,000-63,000
€40,000-57,000
quam contentione neq[ue] fr[ate]r
cum fr[atr]e nec monacus cum
abbate debet [h]abere.
θ419
COLLECTION OF HOMILIES, Homiliae Capitulares, in Latin, manuscript on vellum [Italy, Montecassino,
2nd half 11th century]
Exceptionally fne examples of Beneventan script on nearly-complete leaves, perhaps made for use
at Montecassino itself under the famed Abbot Desiderius.
Two bifolia, each leaf c.330×220mm or c.325×200mm, blind-ruled for two columns of 24 lines written
in a very fne Beneventan minuscule script, ruled space c.240×145mm, rubrics in red; the text is not
consecutive and the sequence of the two bifolia should be reversed, it comprises the 1st to 3rd Sundays in
Advent (December) (f.3), the Sundays after Epiphany (6 January) (f.4), the 24th to 26th summer Sundays
(f.1), and the feasts of Sts Philip and James (1 May), James (25 July), the Transfguration (6 August), and
the Assumption (15 August) (f.2), capitals stroked in red and often with green wash, enlarged calligraphic
initials in red with yellow, blue, or green wash (recovered from a bookbinding, with consequent typical
damage, the frst bifolium lacking its (blank) outer corners and with some sewing-holes in the text area, the
frst leaf of the second bifolium more stained than the others, but still mostly very legible). Bound in grey
buckram at the Quaritch bindery.
Provenance:
(1) Each bifolium was used as the wrapper of a book, apparently in the early 17th century: one has the later
spine-title ‘Regolaria 1611’.
(2) Private collection; acquired in February 1962 and October 1963 by:
(3) Bernard Rosenthal: his ‘I/144’ and ‘I/163’ respectively.
(4) Bernard Quaritch, Beneventan Script, cat. 1128 (1990), no 3; acquired with the rest of the catalogue by:
Script:
This is the frst of several Beneventan items in this catalogue (cf. lots 420-22), and is a classic example
of the script. It was used on the front and back covers of a Quaritch catalogue devoted to twenty-fve
specimens of Beneventan script. To modern eyes this is one of the more dificult medieval scripts to read,
because so many of the letter-forms are unfamiliar: ‘e’ looks like a fgure ‘8’ with an open lower bowl, ‘a’ is
shaped similar to a Greek alpha (‘α’), which in turn can be confused with the letter ‘t’ which looks like an ‘oc’
ligature, the ‘ci’ ligature appears like a reversed Greek beta (‘β’), and so on.
‘From a deluxe manuscript produced at Montecassino under the Abbot Desiderius [abbot 1058–87]’. It
contains a series of homilies, probably those that would be read daily in the chapter-house. The third leaf,
as currently bound, would doubtless have been the frst of the parent volume: it has the largest decorated
initial and the text for the beginning of Advent, the start of the Church year.
Bibliography:
Virginia Brown, ‘A Second New List of Beneventan Manuscripts, I’, Mediaeval Studies, 40 (1978), p.272 nos
v (‘Lectionarium. Saec. XI2’) and vii (‘Liturgica. Saec. XI ex.’).
£25,000-35,000 US$32,000-44,000
€29,000-40,000
Die au[tem] illa [et] hora

nemo scit. nisi pa-
t[er] solus. In quib[us]da[m] La-
tinis codicib[us] additu[m] e[st]
θ420
ST AUGUSTINE, Tractatus in Iohannem, in Latin, manuscript on vellum [Dalmatia, late 11th century]
A testament to the eastwards spread of Beneventan minuscule: a fne monastic production from a Dalmatian scriptorium of an important patristic text.
A bifolium, 335 x 231mm and 333 x 176mm, blind-ruled for 2 columns of 33 lines written in brown ink in a fne Bari-type Beneventan minuscule, ruled space
245 x 160mm (outer margin of the second leaf cropped close to the text, creased and stained from use in a binding, some fading to a few lines, a few wormholes,
otherwise in excellent condition). Bound in grey buckram at the Quaritch bindery.
Provenance:
(1) On palaeographical grounds the present fragment comes from a manuscript that was produced in one of the monastic foundations on the Dalmatian coastline
(modern Croatia) in the late 11th century.
(2) Bernard Rosenthal, his 'I/204'.
(3) Quaritch, Bookhands IV, cat.1128 (1990), no 6.
Sister-leaves:
Five sister-leaves from the parent codex survive, three of which are in Dubrovnik, thus providing additional confrmation of the Dalmatian origin of the manuscript.
These are: Dubrovnik, Dominikanski samostan Sv. Dominika, fragments e (Tract. 11:4-5, 1 leaf) and f (Tract. 42:2-5, 43:12-16, 2 leaves, now apparently missing);
Parma, Archivio di Stat, Frammenti di codici 3 (Tract. 50:11-12, 2 leaves).
Text:
The text of the fragment is St Augustine’s Tractatus in Iohannem 19:18 – 20:2 and 21:3-4. St Augustine wrote 124 Tractates on the Gospel of John, a text steeped
in Trinitarian and Christological theology. He defends the orthodox position established at the councils of Nicea (325) and Constantinople (381), and reveals
much about the various ‘heresies’ to which his audience was exposed: Manichaeism, with its dualistic logic; Donatism, a schismatic, puritanical movement; and
Pelagianism, with its doctrines of original sin, grace and free will. The Tractatus in Iohannem was the most popular of Augustine’s works in the areas of southern
Italy and Dalmatia where Beneventan script was practised: the entire text or remains of approximately 15 separate copies in Beneventan survive.
Script:
This example of Beneventan script (recognisable by the typical formation of the ‘a’s [oc] and ‘t’s [oc], the various ligatures and non-standardised abbreviations
etc.) has all the features of the ‘Bari type’: that is to say, among other things, a softer, rounder appearance occasioned by the absence of lozenges constituting the
beginning and end of minims, a short fnal ‘r’, medial ‘r’ with straight shoulder, the rather large form of the ‘e’ with two almost equal curves, and the ligature f with
the stem almost resting on the line. But it lacks the distinctive slanting aspect of the script from Puglia, and may on this basis be attributed to Dalmatia.
Bibliography:
V. Brown, ‘A Second New List of Beneventan Manuscripts, I’, Mediaeval Studies, 40, 1978, p.71, no iii.
E. A. Lowe, The Beneventan Script. A History of the South Italian Minuscule, 2 vols., 1980.
V. Brown, ‘A Second New List of Beneventan Manuscripts, V’, Mediaeval Studies, 70, 2008, pp.275-355.
Rozana Vojvoda, ‘Dalmatian illuminated manuscripts written in Beneventan Script and Benedictine Scriptoria in Zadar, Dubrovnik and Trogir’, PhD dissertation,
Budapest, 2011, pp.105-6.
£10,000-15,000 US$13,000-19,000
€12,000-17,000
[tol]le grabatum tuu[m] [et] uade in domu[m]

tua[m]. Hoc au[tem] fecerat sabbatis
Unde p[er]turbati Iudaei calumnia-
bantur, quasi euersorem [et] p[re]va[ricatorem]
θ421
THE SYMBOL OF ST LUKE, a historiated initial on a leaf from a noted Missal, in Latin, illuminated
manuscript on vellum [Italy, Puglia (Bari?), late 11th century]
‘The manuscript is of a quality and elegance matched in its time and place only by the surviving
leaves of a similar missal [in the Vatican Library]’ (Kelly, p.2).
A single leaf, c.350 x 250 mm, blind-ruled for 2 columns of 29 lines, ruled space c.280 x 200mm, written
in a very fne Bari-type Beneventan minuscule, with rubrics in red, the musical parts in much smaller script
and with staveless neumes, capitals with alternately red or green wash, one very large historiated coloured
initial incorporating the ox, the evangelist symbol of Luke, with two panels of interlace and two biting
animal heads, the verso with two large coloured initials incorporating foliage and bird heads, other initials
with foliate ornament and colour washes (the outer corners repaired with vellum patches, with some
overall wear and staining but still a very handsome leaf). Bound in grey buckram at the Quaritch bindery.
Provenance:
(1) Written and illuminated in the late 11th century in southern Italy, probably Puglia, perhaps Bari: ‘This
Bari missal, incomplete as it is, clearly does not depend on the uses of Benevento or Montecassino;
perhaps it represents aspects of the liturgy of the great city of Bari itself’ (Kelly, p.11).
(2) Only four leaves are known to survive from the volume, doubtless recovered from use in a binding,
including three that are textually consecutive; all four were bought from a ‘continental dealer, ca. 1970’, by:
(3) Bernard Rosenthal (this one was his ‘I/218’), who in 1971 sold one to Philip Hofer (still at Harvard) and
one to Bernard Breslauer, and kept the other two until 1987.
(4) Bernard Quaritch, Bookhands IV, cat. 1128 (1990), part of no 8 (‘from a superb illuminated Beneventan
Missal’).
(5) Schøyen Collection, part of MS 63.
Sister-leaves:
For the four known leaves see: (i) the present leaf; (ii) G. Freuler, The McCarthy Collection, 2018, no 1; (iii)
the Beyond Words exhibition catalogue, Boston, 2016, no 17 (Houghton Library, MS Typ 701); and (iv) W.
Voelkle and R. Wieck, The Bernard H. Breslauer Collection of Manuscript Illuminations, 1992, no 55. Their
textual contents are listed, and the liturgical peculiarities analysed by Kelly, 2009.
Script:
This leaf is written in the rare ‘Bari-type’ sub-style of Beneventan minuscule, practised mainly in Puglia
and Dalmatia. It is characterised especially by the fact that the minims are written more like Caroline
minuscule than the Montecassino type of the script, in which minims have a thick-thin-thick appearance,
like stacked lozenge shapes. Apart from this, most letter-forms are similar, except for the shape of the
letter ‘c’, which looks like a large reversed ‘3’.
E.A. Lowe, The Beneventan Script, 1914, p.150 (revised edn. by V. Brown, 1980), provides the most detailed
discussion of Bari-type Beneventan script, although there is also an unpublished 1961 dissertation,
summarised in E.B. Levy, ‘The Bari Type of Beneventan Script: Manuscripts from Apulia’, Harvard Studies
in Classical Philology 66 (1962), pp.262–65.
Bibliography:
V. Brown, ‘A Second New List of Beneventan Manuscripts (II)’, Mediaeval Studies, 50 (1988), at p.602 no
viii.
T.F. Kelly, ‘Fragments of a Notated Missal in “Bari-Type” Beneventan Script’, in Lingua mea calamus scribæ:
Mélanges offerts à madame Marie-Noël Colette, 2009, pp.207–22.
£12,000-18,000 US$16,000-23,000
€14,000-20,000
422
PSALTER, in Latin, manuscript on vellum [Italy, Veroli, early 12th century] Sister-leaves:
Sister leaves from the same parent codex (all bifolia) are: Palo Alto, Stanford
A substantial portion of an important illuminated Beneventan Psalter University Library M0389, Box 1, Folder 05 (Psalms 36:1-29); Tokyo, Keio
produced in or around Veroli, with charming zoomorphic initials. University Library, 170X9/3 (Psalms 21:5-18; 25:2-26:3); Tokyo, Takamiya
Collection MS 30 (Psalms 35:13-26 and 37:5-17).
21 leaves (10 bifolia and a single leaf), including a nearly complete gathering,
of varying sizes, c.230 x 135mm, blind-ruled for 18 lines to a single complete
column written in brown ink in a handsome and large developed Beneventan Text:
script, ruled space 210 x 100mm, passages of interlinear text in a smaller The text of the leaves is from Psalms 27:1-30:2; 31:8-33:22; portions of Psalms
contemporary hand, opening initials of each verse in red, 14 large interlace 15-18, 21, 24-25, and 33-38.
initials in penwork with red and yellow wash, several with zoomorphic fnials
(most leaves cropped and stained from use in a binding, some small holes and
Script:
tears occasionally afecting text). Loose in grey buckram from the Quaritch
The script is consistent in shape and format with other manuscripts from the
bindery.
Veroli area, in the province of Frosinone in central Italy. Comparables can be
found in Rome, Biblioteca Vallicelliana B32 (datable to c.1052 and attributable
to Veroli on the basis of internal evidence); Farfa, Biblioteca dell’Abbazia AF
Provenance:
338 Musica XI; Subiaco, XX (22); Trento, Lawrence Feininger Collection S.N.
(1) Palaeographic comparison to other manuscripts indicates the manuscript
and, most compellingly, Berlin, Deutsche Staatsbibliothek Fragm. 25. We see
was written and illuminated at the turn of the 12th century in the province of
the same long fnal ‘s’ and ‘r’ and an older style of Montecassino initial used on
Frosinone.
one of the folios (‘I’ of Iudica).
Bibliography:
(3) Quaritch, Bookhands IV, cat.1128 (1990), no 10.
E.A. Lowe, The Beneventan Script. A History of the South Italian Minuscule,
2 vols., 1980.
V. Brown, ‘A Second New List of Beneventan Manuscripts, II’, Mediaeval
Studies, 50, 1988, pp.601-2, no xiv, p.615.
£30,000-50,000 US$39,000-63,000
€34,000-57,000
*423
STATUTES OR RULES OF ASSOCIATION OF A LAY FRATERNITY, ch. 12-16, in Čakavian Croatian,
illuminated manuscript on vellum [Island of Krk, Croatia, early 15th century]
Two leaves from one of the earliest Glagolitic manuscripts of Statutes of a lay fraternity.
2 leaves, 290 x 210mm, blind-ruled for 2 columns of 26 lines written in black ink in a fne square Glagolitic
book script, ruled space 185 x 125mm, headings in red, six large illuminated initials in strapwork and leafy
design in red and black with yellow wash infll (some marginal staining, a few wormholes, smudge to one
initial).
Provenance:
(1) From a manuscript containing the rules of a lay fraternity in the 15th century, mentioning in ch.16 various
places in which members of the fraternity might fall ill, including Senj and Rijeka, coastal towns in northern
Dalmatia; and Cres and Rab, ofshore islands in the Adriatic, on the Dalmatian coast. The text ends with a
reference to an unnamed island, apparently the home of the fraternity, and likely the island of Krk, between
Cres and the mainland.
(2) Predrag Milovanovič, Belgrade, Serbia, 20th century, sold to:
(3) I. Pozarič, Zagreb, Croatia, sold to:
(4) Jeremy Grifiths, Oxford, purchased in 1991.
Text:
Glagolitic script, the frst Slavic alphabet, was created by the 9th-century Slavic-speaking Byzantine
missionary to Moravia, Constantine (St Cyril): the possession of a distinct alphabet gave Slavic the dignity
necessary for use in Biblical translation and liturgy (against the ‘trilingual heresy’ that held there to be only
three sacred languages, Hebrew, Greek and Latin). After the expulsion of the Slavic monks from Moravia,
in Croatia the square form of Glagolitic early replaced the round (and continued to be used for liturgical
books into the 20th century), while in the wider Slavic realms the Greek-derived Cyrillic script soon came
to predominate. Hundreds of Croatian Glagolitic texts, both handwritten and printed, the oldest from the
12th century, are held in national museums in Europe and the USA, but very few ever come to the market.
Among these: three codices and two sets of fragments from the collection of Sir Thomas Phillipps (the
codices, a Missal of c.1400-10, bought in the Guildford sale at Evans, 8 December 1830, lot 460, for the
vast price of £168, and among his proudest possessions, sold Sotheby’s on 29 November 1966, lot 162, and
now Pierpont Morgan Library; a 15th-century priest’s manual, sold at Sotheby’s on 28-29 June 1976, lot
4040; and a copy of patristic texts dated 1602, lot 1240 in the same sale; the fragments: two leaves from
a 15th-century illuminated Missal, sold at Sotheby’s on 16 December 1970, lot 5; two further leaves from
a contemporary copy of the same text, sold at Hartung in 2012, and now in two private UK collections); a
12th/13th-century Psalter sold at Christie’s on 3 June 1998, lot 28 for £53,200; and two small 14th-century
fragments in the binding of a printed Glagolitic Breviary sold at Christie’s on 11 July 2018 for £97,500.
Script:
The script of present fragment is characterized by the general elongation of letters and the marked
development of ascenders and descenders, while the illumination, with its plaited yellow and red
strapwork, is typical of Glagolitic manuscripts.
£10,000-15,000 US$13,000-19,000
€12,000-17,000
The Carolingian Renaissance
No other script was as far-reaching and canonising – in the West at least – as
Caroline minuscule. Emperor Charlemagne’s promotion of scholarship and education
fueled a furry of intellectual activity and an increase in the dissemination of texts:
this, in tandem with more concerted ecclesiastical patronage from the late 8th
century onwards, brought about the establishment of a unifed, cohesive international
script. The clarity and uniformity of Caroline minuscule ofered a disciplined
alternative to the sprawling variety of sub-Roman and National Scripts and it spread
rapidly throughout the Carolingian Empire (except, as we have seen, in areas of
relative independence from Carolingian rule that held onto their own indigenous
scripts, such as Spain and southern Italy, but also in England, where Anglo-Saxon
minuscule continued to be used for vernacular manuscripts well into the 12th
century). Examples of the script, well represented in the Schøyen Collection, can be
found across Europe: in Germany (lots 424-6, 434), in Italy (lots 429, 432, 436), in
France (lots 427, 430), in Spain (lots 431, 437) and elsewhere.
The arrival of the Normans and the Angevins in northern Europe and the
ecclesiastical and administrative changes that they brought saw a redevelopment of
Caroline minuscule into what we now call ‘Protogothic’ script: a transitional phase
that corresponds broadly to the art historical Romanesque period (see lots 433,
438-42). This development foreshadowed the rediscovery of cursive scripts for
documentary, and, eventually, book, use in the Gothic period: we begin to see greater
compression of letters, accompanied by a squarer aspect and increased elaboration
in the treatment of minims (see lots 444-6). In circumstances similar to the gradual
bastardisation of the Roman system of scripts and the subsequent birth of a
wide range of local scripts several centuries earlier, we witness a second phase of
‘contamination’, with an admixture of infuences in the Gothic period bringing about a
number of ‘bastard’ or ‘hybrid’ scripts.
But then we come full-circle. In a deliberate, aesthetic attempt to restore clarity,

legibility and elegance to book production, and in an ideological efort to modernise
and escape the medieval, Gothic period associated with German ascendency, we
witness, in Italy, a number of humanist scholars, authors and scribes – Petrarch
(1304-74), Poggio Bracciolini (1380-1459), Niccolò Nicoli (1364/5-1437) and Collucio
Salutati (1331-1406), among others – spearhead a movement that, inspired by 12th-
century examples of Caroline minuscule, sought to bring back the Golden Classical
Age of writing (see lots 455-8). The spread of Humanistic book production was
not, initially, uniform, but by the late 15th century it had permeated Europe, and its
adoption by the frst typographers ensured its long-lasting infuence.
53
θ424
HOMILIARY OF PAUL THE DEACON, including excerpts from Homilies by Bede, in Latin, manuscript on
vellum [Germany, Rhineland, c.800]
The earliest known fragments of the homiliary of Paul the Deacon, the great text of the Carolingian
renovatio, contemporary with the author and containing excerpts from the Venerable Bede: an
exceptional survival of immense textual and historical signifcance.
Two and a half leaves (one leaf from the end of a gathering, and one and a half leaves, the remains of a
bifolium), the largest fragment 220 x 192mm, the smallest 220 x 96mm, blind-ruled for 18-23 visible lines
written in brown ink in a splendid Caroline minuscule, ruled space c.200 x 140mm, rubrics in red, the frst
leaf of the bifolium with a 3-line-high decorated initial ‘L’ and original gathering signature 'h' on the reverse
of the single leaf, indicating it was the last in the gathering, double bounding lines visible, later annotations,
pentrials and erased inscriptions in the margins of f.1v and f.2 (marginal staining, creasing and fold-lines
from use in a binding). Bound in grey buckram at the Quaritch bindery.
Provenance:
(1) Bernard Rosenthal, his ‘I/248’. A letter from Bernhard Bischof dated 22 July 1982 accompanies the
documentation of this lot.
(2) Bernard Quaritch, Bookhands of the Middle Ages, cat. 1088 (1988), no 1.
Text:
The eighth century was a century of liturgical codifcation, and as new feasts were added to the Ofice,
the demand for homilies became greater. One of the most famous of these homiliaries is that of Paul
Warnefrid, better known as Paul the Deacon (c.720-799), a monk of the Benedictine convent of Monte
Cassino, who compiled it at the command of Charlemagne between the early 780s and 792. Paul
the Deacon was one of the great propagators of the ambitious project of Carolingian renovatio, and
his homiliary is, in efect, an anthology of entire homilies from patristic and contemporary writers.
Charlemagne himself summed it up as follows: ‘And we charged Paul the Deacon our client and a man
close to us, with the completion of this task [É] he has read through the treatises and sermons of the
various Catholic Fathers, culled all the best things and ofered us two volumes of readings, suitable
for each separate festival throughout the whole course of the year and free from errors’ (see P.D. King,
Charlemagne: Translated Sources, 1987, p.208).
Paul the Deacon’s homiliary contains 244 homilies and sermons distributed over the whole liturgical
year: the frst volume begins with the Sunday before Christmas and ends with Holy Saturday; the second
contains readings from Easter to the end of November. These readings cover sequentially not only the
fundamental Christian mysteries but also the seasons of fasting, the feasts of Mary and the other great
saints of the church calendar.
There are homilies from Gregory the Great, St Augustine and other great Fathers of the Church, but by
far the most represented is the Venerable Bede, the only native of Great Britain to achieve the designation
Doctor of the Church, a man considered by many historians to be the single most important scholar
of antiquity of the early Middle Ages. Of Paul’s 244 homilies, 57 are from Bede: all-in-all more than a
quarter of the homiliary. Smetnana put this down to the fact that Paul the Deacon perhaps ‘preferred the
more tightly knit and plain comments of Bede to the brilliant but rambling exposition of Augustine’ (C.L.
Smetnana, ‘Paul the Deacon’s patristic anthology’, 1978, pp.75-97). Regardless of the actual reasons, it
is true that Paul the Deacon’s homiliary represents a fusion of Bedan thought with both the Carolingian
renovatio and Italian intellectual traditions.
The frst one and a half leaves are consecutive, with the text beginning ‘Incipit omelia eiusdem lectionis
dicenda die s[an]c[t]o Theophanie’ from Bede, Homilia in Matthei Evangelium (Hom. I 12 or Paul the Deacon
I.58). The second leaf, beginning ‘[É]inebriati? postmodum cognoscentes’ is from Homilia Dominica II post
Epiphania (Hom. I.14 or Paul the Deacon I.60). For the edition, see Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, vol.122,
p.80, line 1-81, line 85 and p.81, line 46-82, line 94 (for the partial bifolium), and p.102, line 251-103, line 289
(for the single leaf).
Script:
The script is a confdent early Caroline minuscule from a Rhineland scriptorium, which Bischof dates
to the end of the 8th or beginning of the 9th century, practically contemporaneous with the life of Paul
the Deacon. There are multiple forms of ‘e’, ‘a’, ‘g’, ‘n’ and ‘z’, along with a number of ligatures. The ‘et’
is particularly full and conspicuous: a very similar ligature can be seen in another manuscript of Bede,
Commentary on Ezra and Nehemiah (London, British Library Arundel 37), dated frst half of the 9th
century and localisable to southern Germany, perhaps Lorsch.
Bibliography:
D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina, vol.122, 1955
C.L. Smetnana, ‘Paul the Deacon’s patristic anthology’, The Old English Homily and its Backgrounds, 1978,
pp.75-97
R. Grégoire, Les Homéliaires liturgiques médiévaux, Spoleto, 1980, pp. 423-78
C. Heath, ‘Carolingian Correctio: Paul the Deacon and Bede’, unpublished paper delivered at Bede:
Intellectual Landscapes, IV - Early Medieval Europe after Bede, 2013.
£60,000-90,000 US$77,000-110,000
€68,000-100,000
55
θ425
HOMILIARY, in Latin, manuscript on vellum [southern Germany, 1st third 9th century]
A fne example of early southern German Caroline minuscule, once in the library of Lambach Abbey.
2 leaves, each c.195 x 145mm, unruled, one column of 14 lines written in brown ink in an early Caroline minuscule of the southern
German type, one-line uncials in the margins touched lightly in red, antiphons and responses for the Circumcision and for the
Epiphany added in an 11th-century hand in the lower margins (two natural faws in the vellum, a little wormholing, some words
retraced, evidence of damp-staining). Bound in grey buckram at the Quaritch bindery.
Provenance:
(1) Lambach Abbey: a sister-leaf to the present bifolium is at the Beinecke in Yale (see below). That leaf was formerly used in the
binding of a volume from the Lambach Stiftsbibliothek with the shelf number '312'. Although the measurements of the Beinecke
fragment correspond with those of Lambach Ccl 312, the fyleaf of Ccl 312 is from a Hebrew manuscript. The number '312' on MS
481.8 may therefore be an older Lambach number. Lambach Abbey was one of the great cultural centres of the early Middle Ages,
and from the 12th century onwards boasted one of the fnest scriptoria in Europe.
(2) Kurt Merlander, Los Angeles, sold in March 1956 to:
(4) Bernard Quaritch, Bookhands V, cat.1147 (1991), no 73.
Sister-leaves:
The present bifolium contains the text immediately preceding a leaf at Yale, Beinecke Library MS 481.8, which begins 'Saluator
noster fratres carissimi natus de Patre [...]' and continues the sermons on the Circumcision. That too has sufered water-damage,
with the letters retraced perhaps in the 11th century when the antiphons and responses (as in the present bifolium) were added in
the margins. Another early manuscript from Lambach with extensive water damage and retracing is Beinecke MS 481.21.
Text:
The sermons preserved here and in the Beinecke leaf (see above) are from a homiliary that circulated in southern Germany in the
Carolingian period (see J.-P. Bouhot, 'Un sermonnaire carolingien,' Revue d'Histoire des Textes 4 (1974), pp.181-223 and G. Folliet,
'Deux nouveaux témoins du Sermonnaire carolingien récemment reconstitué,' Revue des Etudes Augustiniennes 23 (1977), pp.155-
198). They are found here in the same order as in Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 6310 (Freising, frst half 9th century)
where they are homilies 1-3 (see Bouhot, 209), and in Berlin, Preussische Staatsbibliothek, Hamilton 56 (12th century; see
Bouhot, 215-6 and Folliet, 178-9). In their 1991 catalogue, Quaritch suggested that the small format of the manuscript supported a
hypothesis that this was perhaps produced as a personal handbook, a Carolingian preacher's manual.
The bifolium, whose leaves are not consecutive, contains sermons on the Circumcision based on Luke 2:1-12 and on the Epiphany
based on Matthew 2:16 and 2:13.
Script:
The script has not been localised to a specifc centre, but its clearly spaced upright letters, with minims tending to curve around
towards the left, the shaft of the 'r' dropping below the line and the 'g' in a somewhat clumsy 3-form suggests a southern German
hand. There are numerous ligatures, a semicolon is used for the main pauses, and a punctus in the medial position for lesser
pauses. A very similar hand can be seen in a leaf reused as a pastedown in a Lambach Prophetarium now in the monastic Library
and Archives of Downside Abbey in Stratton-on-the-Fosse, Somerset (see B. Pohl, 'Two Downside manuscripts and the liturgical
culture of Lambach in the twelfth century' The Downside Review, 136(1), 2018, pp.41-79). In a letter of 9 December 1985, Bischof
dated the Beinecke fragment to the frst third of the 9th century.
Bibliography:
R.G. Babcock, Reconstructing a Medieval Library: Fragments from Lambach, New Haven, 1993, pp.40 and 48.
£10,000-15,000 US$13,000-19,000
€12,000-17,000
p[re]cepta legis implere uoluit

octauo die quem hodie caele
bramus in corpore circumcidi
θ426
PSEUDO-JEROME, Breviarium in Psalmos, in Latin, manuscript on vellum [west Germany, 2nd quarter 9th century]
Among the earliest known witnesses to the text of the Breviarium in Psalmos, once attributed to St Jerome: an
interesting textual survival given the many scribal mistakes, errors and omissions.
1 leaf, 197 x 170mm, blind-ruled for one column of 25 visible lines written in brown ink in a rounded west German
Caroline minuscule, early annotations in the margin, one initial touched with green and the cropped remains of
a 3-line initial at the beginning of line 2 on the recto, double bounding lines and prickings visible (some marginal
staining and creasing from use as a pastedown, some text cropped). Bound in grey buckram at the Quaritch bindery.
Provenance:
(1) Solomon Pottesman (1904-1978); sold by order of his executors at Sotheby’s, 11 December 1979, part of lot 12.
(2) Bernard Rosenthal, his 'I/252'. A letter by Bischof dated 15 May 1983 accompanies the documentation of this lot.
(3) Bernard Quaritch, Bookhands V, cat.1147 (1991), no 4.
Text:
The manuscript tradition and the authorship of the Breviarium in Psalmos is somewhat complicated. Once
attributed to Jerome, it is now accepted as an amalgam of Jerome's Commentarioli in psalmos and his Tractatus
sive homiliae in psalmos, as well as drawing on other authors. Arguments have been made for an Irish authorship:
characteristics of the text, such as the repeated designation of certain verses of the Psalms as 'vox Christi, vox
ecclesiae' and its Christocentric exegesis indicate an Irish origin. In the commentary on Psalm 15, the Breviarium
incorporates Jerome's Commentariolus but then goes on, in Irish fashion, to speak of the inscription ('titulus') which
was on the cross in 'the three languages', Hebrew, Greek and Latin. For more on the possible authorship of the
Breviarium see B. Fischer, Bedae de titulis psalmorum liber, 1971, p.93 and M.J. McNamara, The Psalms in the Early
Irish Church, 2000, p.49.
There are several extant manuscripts of the Breviarium in Psalmos. The most comprehensive census of these lists
some 14 manuscripts from the 9th century, and of these only 7 are of comparable date to the present fragment.
These are: Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek Aug. Perg. 26 and Aug. Perg. 99 (both beginning of 9th century);
Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana C.301.Inf. (late 8th or early 9th century); Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm
6276 (beginning of 9th century), Clm 14314 (2nd quarter 9th century), Clm 14369 (2nd quarter 9th century) and Clm
18168 (late 8th or early 9th century).
The text is a commentary on Psalm 83 (Patrologia Latina 26, cols. 1072-1073).
Script:
The script is a competent west German hand dated by Bischof to the 2nd quarter of the 9th century. Ascenders are
thickened at the top with a slight serif veering on a wedge in form. It slopes slightly and the ductus is fairly smooth.
To judge from the 's' and 'a' forms, it was rapidly written, and although the pen is lifted between letters, some of
the m-forms in particular indicate cursive and writing at speed, as do a number of both deliberate and inadvertent
ligatures. The manuscript is notable for its many scribal mistakes, peculiar word divisions, and errors of omission,
suggesting that this was not the original text, but one copied by a scribe unfamiliar and uncomfortable with his
exemplar, itself perhaps written without word divisions in a Frankish uncial or half uncial. There are, for example, 5
lines of text omitted from the bottom of the recto, and a further 25 lines, virtually an entire page, between 'in loquo
[sic for 'loco'] quem [dis]posuit' and 'Ad agonem hoc est ad certamen'; also 'incor desuo posuit' is written instead of
'in corde suo posuit', among other things. As such, it is a fascinating and valuable survival for the light it sheds onto
methods of copying, the quality and skill of the copyist, and the efect this could have on the fnal text.
£7,000-10,000 US$8,900-13,000
€8,000-11,000
[consequen]tiam scripturarum [et]enim benedictiones da-

bit qui legem dedit. Dicat aliquis. In valle la
crimarum in loquo quem \dis/posuit. Ad agonem
θ427
HOMILIARY OF PAUL THE DEACON, with excerpts from Origen and Bede, in Latin, manuscript on
vellum [France, last third of the 9th century]
A handsome and clear example of Caroline minuscule written at an unidentifed scriptorium in France:
a testament to the popularity of Paul the Deacon's homiliary at the height of the Carolingian Empire.
A single leaf, 294 x 236mm, blind-ruled for two columns of 29 lines written in a fne Caroline minuscule in
pale brown ink, ruled space 242 x 190mm, Rustic Capitals at the beginning of new sentences and for the
heading of the Bede sermon, a medial punctus is used for the medial and main pauses, single bounding
lines visible, '66' written in a ?16th-century hand in the middle of the top margin of the verso (a few stains
and some marginal soiling, else in excellent condition). Bound in grey buckram at the Quaritch bindery.
Provenance:
(1) Dr Thomas E. Marston (1905-1984), former curator of Medieval and Renaissance Literature at Yale
University, sold in October 1957 to:
(2) Bernard Rosenthal, his 'I/51'. A letter from Bernard Bischof dated 18 July 1986 accompanies the
documentation of this lot.
(3) Bernard Quaritch, Bookhands of the Middle Ages, V, cat. 1147 (1991), no 76.
(4) Schøyen Collection, MS 621
Text:
The leaf contains two homilies on the Circumcision by the early Christian scholar, ascetic and theologian
Origen of Alexandria (Patrologia Latina 26, Hom. XIV on Luke, col,246-247A, line 15), and Bede (ed. D.
Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina, vol. 122, 1955, pp. 73-4, line 39).
For more on the homiliary of Paul the Deacon, see lot 424. This anthology of patristic and contemporary
Church texts was widely circulated in the Carolingian Empire at the instigation of Charlemagne, and still
forms the basis of the Roman Breviary.
Script:
The text is written in a handsome and clear French Caroline minuscule of the later 9th century, with tall
ascenders and rudimentary loops sometimes appearing at the top. Strokes of the pen are clearly visible,
and the minims are curled at the feet and the downstrokes of the 's', 'f', 'r' and 'q' taper slightly.
Bibliography:
Z.M. Guiliano, ‘The composition, dissemination, and use of the homiliary of Paul the Deacon in Carolingian
Europe from the late eighth to the mid-tenth century’, Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016.
£12,000-18,000 US$16,000-23,000
€14,000-20,000
Ih[esu]s q[uo]d uocatu[m] fuerat ab angelo antequa[m]

c[on]ciperet[ur] in utero.
LEC[TIO] S[AN]C[T]I EU[AN]G[E]L[I]I S[E]C[UN]D[U]M LUCAM
θ428
HOMILIARY, in Latin, manuscript on vellum [west Germany, 2nd quarter 9th century]
A substantial fragment of what would have been an imposing and deluxe Carolingian Homiliary
produced in a west German scriptorium.
6 leaves, each leaf c.305 x 205mm, f.1-3 and 5-6 (as bound) blind-ruled for one column of 29 lines, f.4 in
one column of 30 lines, all six written in brown ink in an attractive, regular Caroline minuscule script with
few abbreviations and clear punctuation, ruled space 270 x 155mm, enlarged initials in the margins, six 3-4
line initials in red, rubrics and chapter headings in Rustic Capitals in red (some darkening in the margins,
occasional creasing and smudging of text, vertical cuts in the margins of f.3 and 6, lower corner of f.5
repaired with a paper strip, not afecting text, generally in exceptional condition). Bound in grey buckram at
Provenance:
(1) Bernard Quaritch: postcard from Marvin Colker to Richard Linenthal dated 16 August 1989
communicating Bischof's opinion on the leaves. A copy of Bischof's letter to Colker dated 4 August 1989
is included in the documentation that comes with the lot. Five leaves (f.1-3 and 5-6, as currently bound)
were sold to Dr Schøyen in December 1989. The remaining leaf, f.4, was purchased by Dr Schøyen from
Bruce Ferrini Rare Books in November 1989. In the cataloguing of that single leaf, Dr Jeremy Grifiths
(catalogue note included among the documentation) notes that Dr Sandra Hindman had suggested the
leaf might be one of the 6 leaves removed in the 19th century from a Homiliary in Montpellier, Bibliothèque
Universitaire Historique de Médecine H.240. The size, number of lines and format are indeed comparable,
although the script of our leaf is closer to that of the Quaritch leaves with which it is currently bound than it
is to the Montpellier manuscript.
Text:
The leaves are not consecutive. Ff.1-2 are both from Leo I, Sermo XCV ('Homilia de gradibus ascensionis
ad beatitudinem'). The text on f.1 begins '[...] auctorem, in magistro suo mani s[an]c[tu]m apparuisse
sp[iritu]m crediderunt' and ends 'Quarta igitur et sexta feria ieiunemus; [...]'; f.2 begins 'Plenissime quidem
uobis dilectissimi' and ends 'quamuis non eadem fuerit mensura'. The third leaf, beginning 'Sed quia cum
lectione [...]' and ending '[...] et mens eor[um] sibimet irata ex [...]' is from Gregory I, Homilia XXX, a lection
on the Gospel of John 14:23-31. The fourth leaf - written on 30 lines - includes a lection for Matins from
Luke 4:38 with the Tractatus on Luke by St Ambrose. It begins 'uirtutum regulas inchoarent' and ends '[...]
et bene s[an]c[ti]s Lucas uirum', with the text on the verso mentioning the Vigil of the Feast of St Peter. The
ffth leaf, beginning 'non timere paradisi exsules' and ending 'Quaecum in unu[m]', also contains text from
St Ambrose's Tractatus on Luke, a lection for the Feast of the Octave of Pentecost, and a sermon of Leo
I for Feria IV mensis IV. The fnal leaf begins 'Ecce uideo caelos apertos' and ends 'non superat, Nam [...]',
with the text including a further lection on the Gospel of John by Gregory I, Homilia XXX (perhaps originally
bound only a leaf away from f.3).
Script:
The script is an exceptional example of Carline minuscule at the height of its clarity and aesthetic impact.
It is written with few abbreviations, clear spacing and punctuation. Bischof dates the fve Quaritch leaves
to the 2nd quarter of the 9th century, and in a note included with the lot, Grifiths indicates that Bischof
had dated the Ferrini leaf to the middle of the 9th.
£60,000-90,000 US$77,000-110,000
€68,000-100,000
de sempiternitate creatoris, Nihil de ordine creaturae in uni-

uersum bonę lex s[an]c[t]a [et] p[ro]phetia diuinitus inspirata docuisset
64 SALE
In TITLE to the hammer price, a Buyer’s Premium (plus VAT) is payable. Other taxes and/or an Artist Resale Royalty
addition
θ429
SACRAMENTARY, in Latin, decorated manuscript on vellum [Italy, c.900]
A textually interesting survival of the transition from a Sacramentary to a Missal.
Two partial bifolia, c.127 x 274mm overall, blind-ruled for one column of 10 and 14-15 lines written in black ink in a
Carolingian minuscule, rubrics in red, initials touched in orange (recovered from a binding, marginal staining and
worming, some creasing). Bound in grey buckram by Bøthuns Bokverksted, Tønsberg, Norway, 2018.
Provenance:
(1) Robert G. Babcock, New Haven.
(2) Bernard Quaritch, 1994.
Text:
The text, beginning ‘[É] hodie circumcisionis’ on the recto, as currently bound, of the frst fragment and ending
‘[É] magnis Eccles[iæ] gaudiis celebretur. Quoniam hu[mana]’ on the verso; the second fragment beginning ‘[con]
secrata sollemniter recensere’ and ending ‘eius apud te patroci[nia]’, presents services for the 3rd Sunday after the
octave of Epiphany (18 January) and for Holy Innocents (28 December), Saints Prisca (18 January), Sebastian (20
January), Agnes (21 January). The normative Sacramentary does not have the scriptural readings from the Gospels
and the Epistles but does regularly have services each consisting of just a Collect (short prayer), Secret of the Mass,
and Postcommunion, along with Prefaces and ‘orationes super populum’. The present text is without the scriptural
lessons and does have the Collect, Secret, and Postcommunion of the Mass; but also included are Ofertory,
Communion, Responses, Versicles, and Alleluia.
£4,000-6,000 US$5,100-7,600
€4,600-6,800
θ430
SIDONIUS APOLLINARIS (c.430/33-c.479), Epistolae, in Latin, manuscript Over 100 manuscripts containing the works of Sidonius survive, to varying
on vellum [?France, late 10th century] degrees of completion. The earliest are Bodleian Library MS. Laud Lat. 104,
together with a fragment from the same manuscript at Erlangen University
Among the earliest witnesses from the Epistolae of the great 5th-century Library, MS 2112/7 (known as ‘L’ in Christian Lütjohann’s critical edition and
Gallo-Roman aristocrat, high oficial, poet and letter writer, Sidonius classified as D37 in Franz Dolveck’s census), and St Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek,
Apollinaris. Cod. Sang. 190 (D105 in Dolveck’s census), both dating from the first half
of the 9th century. The majority of the surviving source manuscripts were
Two fragments, 95 x 149mm and 95 x 142mm, forming part of one column, 11- composed from the 10th to the 13th centuries (in addition to MS. Laud Lat.
12 visible lines written in brown ink in a Caroline minuscule, one four-line title 104, see also Reims, Bibliothèque Carnegie de Reims. Ms. 413 [Lütjohann
supplied in red Rustic Capitals (stained, with part of the title obscured). Bound 'R' and Dolveck D56], 9th century; Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France,
in grey buckram at the Quaritch bindery. Lat. 2781 [Lütjohann 'P' and Dolveck D43], 10th century; Rome, Biblioteca
Apostolica Vaticana, Vat.lat.3421 [Lütjohann 'A' and Dolveck D71], 11th
century; Madrid, Biblioteca National de España Mss. 9448 [Lütjohann 'C'
Provenance: and Dolveck D25], 11th century; Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, S.
(1) Bernard Rosenthal. Marco 554 [Lütjohann 'M' and Dolveck D16], 11th century).

Script:
The script is an unusual, widely spaced and ligatured Caroline minuscule
Text: dating from the late 10th (or early 11th) century. Dolveck suggests that the
Sidonius Apollinaris, bishop of Clermont, was a key figure in the transition elongated forms are an attempt to correspond to the layout of its model. The
from the later Roman Empire to the early Middle Ages and the dawn of Europe present fragments are among the earliest witnesses to the text of the Epistles
as we know it. Nine books of his Letters survive, modelled on the nine books of (earlier still is MS 1950/1, also in the Schøyen Collection, which dates from the
Pliny, and described by the venerable 20th-century translator of Sidonius, W.B. 9th century) and likely the only manuscripts of Sidonius still in private hands.
Anderson, as ‘an invaluable source of information on many aspects of the life of The present fragments are no 92B in Franz Dolveck’s census of Sidonian
his time’ (Sidonius: Poems and Letters, Harvard: Loeb Classical Library, 1965). manuscripts in the forthcoming Prolegomena to Sidonius Apollinaris.
The present fragments, as they are bound, are from the beginning of Book II,
ep. I (to his brother-in-law Ecdicius Avitus, beginning: ‘Duo nunc partier mala
[…]’), in which he pleads with Ecdicius for his return to Auvergne to counter the Bibliography:
pernicious influence of the barbarous Roman Seronatus; and the very end of C. Lütjohann, Gai Solii Apollinaris Sidonii epistulae et carmina […], Berlin, 1887
Book I, ep. XI (to his friend Montius, ending: ‘[…] cui finis gloria fuit. Vale’), in
which Sidonius dwells at length on a literary conspiracy that saw him unjustly Gavin Kelly and Joop van Waarden (eds), The Edinburgh Companion to
accused of composing bad satire. Sidonius Apollinaris, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, forthcoming
January 2020. Franz Dolveck’s manuscript census is part of chapter 16, ‘The
Manuscript Tradition of Sidonius’.
£5,000-8,000 US$6,400-10,000
€5,700-9,000
*431
DEED, in Latin, manuscript on vellum, Spain, Sant Sebastià del Sull, 26 October 965
An exceptionally early document – more than a thousand and ffty years old – by a named scribe, by which Guisclamon, Ponç, and Bergonna, as executors
of the deceased Argeric, donate part of a vineyard to the monastery of Sant Sebastià.
c.70×290mm, unruled, written with 10 lines of Caroline minuscule script, the opening initial with simple foliate ornament, 10 lines high, the dorse with a long
17th(?)-century summary in Catalan and ‘Nr. 9’ (small losses at the upper and lower edges, barely touching one or two words of text, somewhat worn but still
entirely legible).
Provenance:
(1) Written by the priest Godmares, and dated VII kalends of November in the 12th year of the reign of ‘Luthario rege filio Lodovico’ (i.e. Lothar III, son of Louis IV,
thus: 26 October 965), in favour of the Benedictine monastery of Sant Sebastià del Sull, at Saldes, Catalonia, which later became a priory of:
(2) Sant Llorenç del Munt, near Bagà, to which its archive passed, until dissolved in 1608; from there the documents passed through various other repositories
and were eventually dispersed: to the Archive of the Crown of Aragon in Barcelona, in 1845, to the Biblioteca de Catalunya, the Abbey of Montserrat, the British
Library; and elsewhere; many having been owned by:
(3) Joaquim Areny de Plandolit (cf. lot 437), who transcribed the present one c.1900, and wrote ‘S. Sebastian mon. / 965’ on the dorse.
(4) Swann Galleries, New York, 6 November 1986, lot 30.
(5) Bernard Rosenthal, his ‘I/280’; sold in November 1989 to:
Script:
The writing of this document is characterised by its ‘g’ with a open lower bowl, the ‘r’ that descends below the other minims, occasional use of majuscule ‘R’
(‘nove(m)beR’, ‘GodmaRes’, ‘supRa’), ‘d’ sometimes with a cross-stroke through the ascender, and a strange ‘ct’ ligature in which the join occurs at mid-height
instead of at the top. The spelling of ‘scripxi’ doubtless reflects local Catalan pronunciation.
Bibliography:
Mark Mersiowsky, ‘Katalanische Urkunden in privaten Sammlungen: Originale des 10. und 11. Jahrhunderts aus Sant Llorenç del Munt und Sant Llorenç prop
Bagà aus dem Besitz des Joaquim Areny de Plandolit’, Archiv für Diplomatik, Schriftgeschichte, Siegel- und Wappenkunde, 49, 2003, pp.49–80; reprinted in
Catalan translation in Faventia 27, 2005, pp.57–81.
£4,000-6,000 US$5,100-7,600
€4,600-6,800
[sig]nu[m] bergonna qui ista

signum alamirus
rogitus scripxi
θ432
BIBLE, in Latin, manuscript on vellum [northern(?) Italy, late 10th or early 11th century]
Large, handsome leaves with ample margins, epitomising the clarity and legibility of Caroline minuscule script, and the major Carolingian achievement of
pan-European standardised Bible production
2 leaves, each c.330×235mm, blind-ruled for two widely spaced columns of 33 lines written in a regular, well-spaced Caroline minuscule script with few
abbreviations and clear punctuation, ruled space c.270×180mm, each sentence beginning with an enlarged initial (some darkening in the margins, a few stains,
slight cockling, and some worming in the upper margin of one leaf, but generally in very good condition). Bound in grey buckram with gilt title-piece by Bøthuns
Bokverksted, Tønsberg, Norway, 2018.
Provenance:
(1) The leaves show none of the damage usually associated with pastedowns and wrappers, and they are therefore likely to have survived as flyleaves.
(2) Robert Babcock, New Haven.
(3) Bernard Quaritch, 1993.
Text:
The leaves contain IV Kings 22:9–23:14 (‘et dederunt […] ossibus mortuorum’), and I Chronicles 1:39–2:38 (‘Cenez, Thamna, […] genuit Jehu’): the former concerns
the Book of the Law, and Josiah renewing the Covenant; and the latter includes a list of descendants of Abraham.
Script:
This is an elegant and highly legible specimen of Caroline minuscule. Letters are well-spaced and well-formed, so that there is rarely any chance of confusing the
minims in words like ‘cuius’ or ‘beniamin’ (leaf 2, column 2); the ‘st’ ligature is tall and graceful; the ampersand predominates, but (uncrossed) tironian ‘et’ appears
occasionally in the lists of names, as if to provide some variation; diacritic marks are added over many of these names to aid pronunciation and reading aloud. The
list of names in I Chronicles 1–2 provides an exceptional example of the use of uncommon letter-forms including several variants of ‘z’.
£4,000-6,000 US$5,100-7,600
€4,600-6,800
69
θ433
BEDE, De tabernaculo, in Latin, decorated manuscript on vellum [Normandy or Norman England?, late 11th or early
12th century]
An exceptionally fne and large example of Romanesque decoration, and of the script of Norman and English
scribes in the decades after the Norman Conquest of England
A single leaf, c.265×180mm, ruled in very faint plummet for 29 lines, the recto written in a very fne Romanesque
bookhand with rubrics in red, in a mixture of minuscules and Square Capitals, the script on the verso with sharp
angles and serifs, ruled space c.180×110mm, decorated with a very large initial ‘L’ more than the full height of the
text, incorporating a ‘lion mask’ and foliate designs, executed in brown, green, and red inks, inflled with the same
colours plus a pale yellow wash, prickings preserved in all three outer margins (light vertical and horizontal creases,
minor staining and darkening in the margins, but overall in exceptionally fne condition). Bound in grey buckram at
Provenance:
(1) Reported to have been found within a book acquired in York in the 1940s (no later than 1947) by Louis Pearson,
Chaplain of Bede College, Durham.
Text:
This is the frst (and surely the fnest) leaf of the text, containing a capitula list of nine numbered chapters; a rubric
‘Incipit liber primus veneabilis Bede presbiteri in expositione de tabernaculo Moysi’; and the beginning of the text,
from the incipit ‘Locuturi iuvante domino de fgura tabernaculi [É]’ to ‘[É] omnes gentes baptizantes’ (equivalent
to D. Hurst, Bedae opera, pars II, 2A, Corpus Christianorum, vol. 119a, 1969, pp.3–5 line 31). Chapter 1 starts on the
verso with a quotation from Exodus 24:12, introduced by a red initial ‘D’, and marked by diplé in the outer margin,
followed by the text itself, marked by another red ‘D’.
Scripts:
Apart from the stunning decoration, the main interest of this leaf is that the recto and verso seem to have been
written by diferent scribes; the verso written in a much more angular, ‘prickly’ script, comparable to that which
was characteristic of manuscripts made at Canterbury and Rochester cathedrals (on which see N.R. Ker, English
Manuscripts in the Century after the Norman Conquest, Oxford, 1960). Division of work between scribes is common
in 11th- and 12th-century monastic manuscripts, often with the ‘master’ scribe writing the beginning, as if to set an
example for an assistant to follow.
In the accompanying correspondence from 1986, A.C. de la Mare writes that it ‘could well be XI2 and looks very
Norman’, and Marvin Colker writes ‘I think it is early 12th century (the side with the contents and opening of text
even looks as if it might be from the closing years of the 11th century.) I would regard the leaf as English’. Richard
Gameson, The Manuscripts of Early Norman England (c. 1066–1130) (1999), no 619, attributes it to ‘England or the
Continent’. For several decades following the Norman Conquest of 1066, large numbers of monks from Norman
monasteries moved to England (many English bishops and abbots having been replaced by Normans), often making
it dificult to know on which side of the English Channel a manuscript was produced.
A late 11th-century copy of the text from Winchester is now Oxford, Trinity College, MS 28 (255×205mm, 28 lines;
see Gameson, Catalogue, 2018), a c.1100 copy from Christ Church, Canterbury is Bodleian, MS. Bodl. 385; and
an early 12th-century copy from Durham (lacking its frst leaf and, like the present leaf, with 29 lines per page) is
Cambridge, Jesus College, MS 14.
£20,000-30,000 US$26,000-38,000
€23,000-34,000
Moyses in monte[m] d[e]i cu[m] Iosue ascen-

dens. Aaron [et] Hur ad regim[en] p[opu]li reliq[ui]t
illis. scripta s[un]t aut[em] p[ro]pt[er] nos. Om[n]ia uidelicet n[on] solu[m] fac-
ta v[e]l verba q[uae] sacris litt[er]is continent[ur] veru[m] etia[m] locoru[m]
71
[re]de[m]ptione capiamus. P[er]. IN NA[TA]L[I] VIRGINUM.
D[eu]s q[ui] int[er] c[et]era potencię tuę miracula [et]ia[m] in sexu fra-
gili uictoria[m] martyrii co[n]tulisti, co[n]cede p[ro]picius, ut
θ434
GREGORIAN SACRAMENTARY, in Latin, manuscript on vellum [Germany, (5) Bernard Rosenthal, his ‘I/99’.
second half 11th century]
(6) Bernard Quaritch, Bookhands V, cat. 1147 (1991), no 32.
A fne example of a book used by a priest at Mass in the eleventh century
A single leaf, c.285×200 mm, blind-ruled on the (present) verso for 26 lines
written in brown ink in a somewhat irregular Caroline minuscule, ruled space
c.250×160mm, with rubrics employing uncial forms, rubrics and large initials Text:
stroked in red (now mostly darkened by oxidisation), added old foliation A Sacramentary (cf. lot 441) difers from a Missal in that it contains only the
numbers ‘63’ and ‘64’ (with a vertical crease, the recto [bound as the verso] texts said by the priest oficiating at Mass: for proper Masses these are the
worn and stained but still legible, the margins somewhat cropped with no loss Collect, Secret, Preface, and Postcommunion (a Missal additionally includes
of text). Bound in grey buckram at the Quaritch bindery. the Epistle and Gospel readings, which are read by a sub-deacon and deacon,
and may indicate the parts sung by the choir, found in full in a Gradual). On
the present leaf, the rubrics for the Secrets are ‘oblata’, ‘obl.’ or ‘super obl.’,
Provenance: characteristic of the Gregorian Sacramentary, based on a manuscript sent by
(1) A pen-trial ‘Arma virumque’ (the incipit of the Aeneid) in 15th-century Pope Adrian to Charlemagne in the late 8th century. The text here comprises
Humanistic-infuenced Italian/French script, in the upper margin of the verso part of the Common of Saints, opening in a Mass for Apostles, and including
(present recto), suggests not only that by this date the Sacramentary text was the proper texts for One Martyr, Martyrs, One Confessor, Confessors, and
obsolete, but also that this leaf was already serving as the front pastedown of a Virgins, followed by the beginning of prayers for Advent.
Humanistic copy of a Classical text.
(2) Later pen-trials on the present verso appear to include the date ‘1617’. Script:
Written in dark brown ink in a large, bold, clear hand, suitable for reading aloud
(3) Unidentifed 20th-century French owner: inscribed twice in pencil ‘12e s’. at arm’s length, despite fairly frequent abbreviations and some joined words
(e.g. ‘insexufragili’ for ‘in sexu fragili’). In the Mass for a (singular) Virgin, plural
(4) Louis Bondy, London bookdealer; acquired from him in 1960, perhaps at the forms are added between the lines, e.g. ‘intercedentetibus beatatis .ill. martyrribus’.
London Book Fair, by: The ampersand is used to represent ‘et’ within words e.g. ‘repl&ti’, ‘c&era’,
‘l&tifcas’).
£3,000-5,000 US$3,900-6,300
€3,400-5,700
θ435
SYMEON METAPHRASTES, Menologion: Passio of Sts Gourias and Text:
Samonas, in Greek, manuscript on vellum [eastern Mediterranean, possibly Symeon Metaphrastes (fl. c.960), the most renowned of the Byzantine
Constantinople, 11th century] hagiographers, wrote various devotional works but his reworking of the lives
of the saints was his greatest success. Starting with September and running
An early witness to the work of the great Byzantine hagiographer Symeon the course of the year, they were copied in sets of six or twelve volumes, not
Metaphrastes, with excerpts from the martyrdoms of the Edessan saints all of which survive. Sts Gourias, Samonas (and Abibas) were martyred on 15
Gourias and Samonas. November. The text comprises the Passion of Sts Gourias and Samonas (cf.
Migne, PG, 116, the frst leaf 132C-133C, beginning ‘[É] τέλος. Την Έδεσσαν [É]’
A bifolium, each leaf c.285 x 225mm, blind-ruled for two columns of 30 lines and ending ‘[É]αίματι μέυ [É]’; the second leaf 136B-138A, beginning ‘καὶ τοὺς
written in brown ink in a regular Greek minuscule, ruled space 250 x 160mm, πόδας [É]’ and ending ‘[É] καί νῦν Κύριε τὸν καθ’ ἡμῶν [É]’)
small initials in red, later (perhaps 15th- and 18th-century) annotations in the
margins (some staining and darkening, especially to margins, light fading to
a few letters, top right corner of second leaf clipped but not afecting text). Script:
Bound in grey buckram by Bøthuns Bokverksted, Tønsberg, Norway, 2018. The Greek minuscule is associable with the conservative liturgical script of
the so-called codices vetustissimi and codices vetusti of the 9th, 10th and 11th
centuries: the lettering is well formed and exact. At the same time, there is a
Provenance: tendency in the present manuscript to slope the writing, and the letters are
(1) Sotheby’s, 5 December 1994, part of lot 50. more spaced than in earlier centuries. The introduction of enlarged letters and
uncial forms among the minuscules is a habit that is also evident in a book of
(2) Schøyen Collection, MS 1979/2. Canons of 1042, now Bodleian Library, MS Barocci 196 (see Thompson, An
Introduction to Greek and Latin Paleography, Oxford, 1912, no 65). Similarities
can also be found with another 11th-century leaf from a Metaphrastic
Menologion, written at the monastery of the Studion in Constantinople, and
later in the Library of William Foyle, sold at Christie’s, 11-13 July 2000, lot 1.
£4,000-6,000 US$5,100-7,600
€4,600-6,800
Provenance:
(1) Probably written and decorated at Rome, to judge by the analysis of stylistic
evolution described in the introductory chapter of K. Berg, Studies in Tuscan
Twelfth-Century Illumination, 1968.
(2) Chapter numbers added in the margins perhaps in the 12th century (they
do not correspond to the early 13th-century divisions devised by Stephen
Langton, and adopted in the ‘Paris’ Bible) at Joel 2:1 and 2:28; a running
heading ‘Johel p(ro)ph(et)a’ and folio number ‘cxxii’, both in red in the upper
margin of the recto, perhaps added at the same time.
(3) Dismembered doubtless in the mid-16th century for use as scrap vellum by
a bookbinder, inscribed with a pen-trial ‘Non habui calumum scrib[ É ] melius
isto’ and a series of fve dates from 1550 to 1562.
(4) Probably removed from a printed book in the 19th century and inscribed in
pencil (partly erased) ‘[ É ] Saec. Xo’.
(5) Mark Lansburgh (d.2013), teacher, hand-press printer, and manuscripts

collector; not included in the 1962 Supplement to de Ricci’s Census, and thus
presumably acquired at a later date.
(6) Bruce Ferrini (d.2010), sold in March 1989 to:
Text:
The text comprises the last two lines of a prologue (Stegmüller no 511), and
Joel 1:1–3:7 (i.e. the entire book except for the last 14 verses). Jeremy Grifiths
observed in 1990 that the readings in the preface ‘percipite’ for ‘percipe’, and
‘meum’ for ‘meo’, are recorded together only in one of the manuscripts collated
by Donatien de Bruyne (Préfaces de la Bible latine, 1920, p.137): St Gall, MS 44,
an 8th-century copy of the biblical Prophets with an inscription by Johannes,
Abbot of St Gall from 760 to 781.
(detail)
Script:
The main text is in a fne Caroline minuscule, characterised by the use of tall
‘s’ to the exclusion of the round form, except as a majuscule at the beginning
θ436 of a word, or at the end of a line; minuscule ‘f’, ‘s’, and ‘r’ which descend slightly
BIBLE, a large decorated initial on a leaf from an Atlantic Bible, in Latin, below the other letters; ‘g’ with a closed lower bowl; ‘z’ like a large numeral ‘3’;
illuminated manuscript on vellum [Italy, probably Rome, middle or third quarter and the absence of the ampersand and tironian nota for ‘et’.
11th century]
An imposing leaf from an illuminated Giant Atlantic Bible (or 'Bibbia Illumination:
Atlantica'). Academic consensus has it that the phenomenon of producing large-format
biblical manuscripts originated in Rome, under the papal aegis, as a means of
A single leaf, c.570×400mm, blind-ruled for 2 columns of 51 lines written in promulgating Gregorian church reform in the 11th and 12th centuries (although
a good Caroline minuscule, ruled space c.420×270mm, with one rubric in for an argument as to why this theory is too reductive, see L. Yawn, ‘The Italian
Rustic Capitals, another and the incipit in Square Capitals, illuminated with a Giant Bible, lay patronage and professional workmanship’, Les usages sociaux
very large (16-line) initial ‘V’ flled with panels of interlace ornament, chapter de la Bible, XIe-XVe siècles, CEHTL, 3, Paris, 2010). The 'hollow shaft', 'early
divisions not originally emphasised, chapter numbers added in margins geometrical' style (according to the terminology of Edward B. Garrison) of the
(recovered from use as a book-cover and thus with typical damage including initial in the present leaf and the bright palette of reds and greens, suggests a
folds and creases, a few holes and sewing punctures, the outer corners Roman production of the second half of the 11th century. Stylistic comparisons
cropped, the recto with considerable wear and staining but the verso generally may be drawn with a number of other central Italian Atlantic Bibles in
clean and very legible, conserved by Christopher Clarkson at West Dean institutional collections: Genoa, Biblioteca civica Berio, M.R. Cf 3.7; Rome,
College in 1989). Bound in grey buckram by Bøthuns Bokverksted, Tønsberg, Biblioteca Angelica, lat.1273 and Rome, BAV, Vat. lat.10404, for example.
Norway, 2018.
£15,000-20,000 US$20,000-26,000
€17,000-23,000
*437
DEED, in Latin, manuscript on vellum, Spain, Sant Julià d’Altura, 23 May 1062 (3) Joaquim Areny de Plandolit (cf. lot 431), with his inscription on the dorse.
A fascinating document recording an agreement between Guillelm, his (4) E. Fisher (1920)
bothers Guillelm and Joan, and their sisters Guisla and Fruil—, and Sunyer
Argemir, before a court in Sant Julià d’Altura, concerning vineyards in (5) Swann Galleries, New York, 6 November 1986, lot 33.
Marçans, belonging to Sant Llorenç del Munt, that they inherited from
their mother. (6) Bernard Rosenthal, his ‘I/281’; sold in 1989 to:
A single sheet, c.100×260mm, written with 14 lines in a somewhat cursive (7) Schøyen Collection, MS 590/50.
Caroline minuscule, the frst initial enlarged, the names of the witnesses each
preceded by word ‘Sig+num’ (containing a cross with a point in each quadrant,
that in the lower right larger than the others, and perhaps added by the Text:
witnesses), the fnal line identifying the scribe Benedictus and with his notarial The agreement is made ‘In presencia Domini Audegarij abba. & Remundi
mark in the form of a knotwork design, endorsed by medieval hands ‘Ad mon. Seniofredi de Vesubio. & Amati Uldrici. & Maroni Renardi. & Bernardi Terrocij.
de Llorenz del munt a Terraça’ and ‘Terraca mercans’, and ‘Monte 1062’ by [...]’ and several ‘other good men who were there’, the document is dated
Plandolit (very minor wear, creases, etc.; the lower margin narrower due to the ‘Actum est hoc x. kl. iunij. anno iij. regni Philippi regis’; the fnal line names
vellum coming from the neck of the animal-skin). ‘Benedict, priest and monk, who wrote this, on the day and year as above’. The
document is of a type known as an ‘acta de defnició’, a new documentary type
Provenance: of the 11th century.
(1) The Abbey of Sant Julià d’Altura (close to Terrassa, and about 15 miles north
of Barcelona). Bibliography:
Mark Mersiowsky, ‘Katalanische Urkunden in privaten Sammlungen: Originale
(2) Doubtless kept in the archive of the Abbey of San Lorenç del Munt (about des 10. und 11. Jahrhunderts aus Sant Llorenç del Munt und Sant Llorenç prop
5 miles north of Terrassa), until it was dissolved in 1608; the archive then Bagà aus dem Besitz des Joaquim Areny de Plandolit’, Archiv für Diplomatik,
passed through a number of other institutions in and around Barcelona, a large Schriftgeschichte, Siegel- und Wappenkunde, 49, 2003, pp.49–80; reprinted in
proportion of them ending up at the Archive of the Crown of Aragon in 1845, Catalan translation in Faventia 27, 2005, pp.57–81.
with others going to the Biblioteca de Catalunya, the Abbey of Montserrat, and
the British Library. Pere Puig i Ustrell, El monestir de Sant Llorenç del Munt sobre Terrassa:
Diplomatari dels segles X i XI (3 vols, Barcelona, 1995), III, pp.1189–90 no 410.
£3,000-5,000 US$3,900-6,300
€3,400-5,700
75
θ438
LECTIONARY, a rubricated leaf from the Common of Saints, in Latin, Script:
manuscript on vellum [Germany (perhaps Weingarten Abbey), frst third of the The script is very regular and upright, the ‘r’ descending slightly lower than
12th century] other minims, the letters ‘pp’ not kissing (e.g. ‘app(re)henderet’, recto line 8,
‘p(o)p(u)los’, line 9), but letters ending with an up-stroke (e, c, l, t, x) usually
Exceptionally elegant script from one of the great scriptoria of 12th- touching the next letter. Orthography is Germanic (e.g. ‘karitatem’ with a ‘k’).
century Germany. Dr Regina Hausmann of the Wurtemburgisches Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart,
has suggested that this leaf was written at Weingarten Abbey, based on
A single leaf, c.315×240mm, blind-ruled for a single column of 26 lines written its similarity to the handwriting of the scribe Udalricus Custos, who wrote
in brown ink in a very fne, regular, Romanesque book-hand, ruled space Fulda, Hessische Landesbibliothek, Aa 35 (cf. H. Kollner (ed.), Illuminierten
c.275×180mm, enlarged initials and chapter numbers in red (recovered from handschriften der Hessischen Landesbibliothek Fulda, I, Stuttgart, 1976, no 39.
use in a binding resulting in a dirty verso, the outer margins slightly trimmed
but not afecting the text, two small neat slits in the fore-edge margin, small
holes from the sewing-bands, the recto clean and presentable). Bound in grey Text:
buckram at the Quaritch bindery. The text comprises most of the third to seventh readings for the Birth of a
Martyr in the Common of Saints; the text is printed in Homiliae sive conciones
praestantissimorum Ecclesiae catholicae doctorum, Cologne, 1557, pp.643-44
Provenance: (‘cuius sepulchrum intrare [É] possim diligere. At[tendis]’); lessons IV-VII are
(1) Perhaps written at Weingarten Abbey during the abbacy of Cuno von edited from Caesarius of Arles’s Sermon 223, ‘In natale martyrum’, in Corpus
Waldburg (d.1132), whose obituary mentions ‘his successes in the construction Christianorum, series Latina, 104, 1953, no 837 pp.882–84.
of the monastery library, for which he also copied books himself’. The abbey
was secularised in 1803.
£2,000-3,000 US$2,600-3,800
(2) Bernard Quaritch, 1989. €2,300-3,400
corde. Audi [et] beatum Petrum ammonenete[m]. [Christus]

inquit p[ro] nobis passus e[st]. relinquens uobis exemplu[m]
θ439
BIBLE, a leaf from a Giant Romanesque Bible, in Latin, decorated
manuscript on vellum [France, mid-12th century]
A huge leaf from a monastic Lectern Bible written in elegant script, with
large-scale Romanesque decoration.
A single leaf, c.505×360mm, pricked in the inner margin and ruled in

plummet for 2 columns of 41 lines written above top line in a fne, regular,
formal Romanesque book-hand, ruled space 360×245mm, the text
comprising the end of a prologue to Habakkuk (Stegmüller no. 531) and
Habakkuk 1:1–2:17, no chapter division marked, except by a late-medieval
hand, the words of the explicit and incipit in large display capitals alternately
in red or blue, the main text beginning with a nine-line decorated initial
‘O’ in blue, c.85×65mm, inflled with foliate ornament in red, blue, and
green, running headings in red (some light staining, small holes and minor
rust-stains at each corner from having been pinned to a wall, a crease in
each outer margin and through the text near the gutter edge, not afecting
legibility, the verso darkened, stitching-holes and other typical damage
from having been used as a book-cover, the verso with the dates 1591 and
1592, and 16th-century pen-trials in French). Bound in grey buckram at the
Quaritch bindery.
Provenance:
(1) Probably written at and for a Cistercian monastery in France (see below).
(2) Apparently used as a book-cover in the late 16th century.
(3) Reported by Rosenthal to have been acquired from Sotheby’s in 1967,

but not identifed in their catalogues for that year, unless it was one of ‘a
few loose unnumbered fragments’ in the ‘Fragmenta manuscripta’ album
previously owned by Archbishop Tenison, Sir Thomas Phillipps, and Sir
Sydney Cockerell and sold on 12 December, lot 51 (a volume now at the
University of Missouri).
(4) Bernard Rosenthal, his ‘I/205’.
Script:
One of the features that signals a transition from Romanesque to Gothic
script, the fusing together (or ‘kissing’) of the letters ‘pp’, is present
several times (‘ppha’ for propheta, ‘ppls’ for populus, oppressus, etc.); the
ampersand is used regularly for ‘et’; round ‘s’ is used regularly at the ends
of words, but tall ‘s’ elsewhere except for majuscule initials at the start of a
verse; hyphens appear at the ends of lines; but ‘i’s are not dotted even when
several minims are likely to lead to confusion (e.g. ‘admiramimi’)
The script of the present leaf includes a form of punctuation known as

the ‘punctus fexus’, like a small ‘7’ above a comma, typical of Cistercian
and Carthusian manuscripts (cf. lot 440). The growth and spread of the
Cistercian order in the 12th century is one of the most striking phenomena
of medieval society and religion; the order became so popular that new
monasteries were founded at an almost exponential rate, such that by the
end of the 13th century there were more than 500, spreading out from
the mother house at C”teaux to the furthest reaches of Europe. Each new
monastery needed its own set of books. In addition to liturgical texts the
Bible was of course primary: biblical passages were read aloud to the
community, and thus lectern-sized volumes were needed, both for legibility
and as a tangible symbol of each church’s stability and potency.
£7,000-10,000 US$8,900-13,000
€8,000-11,000
d[eu]m, sic s[an]c[tu]s uir [et] bellator inuictis ad ex-

ercendum se et probandu[m] tribulatione[m]
θ440
ALULPH OF TOURNAI (d.1144), Gregorialis, in Latin, manuscript on vellum (3) Messrs Robinson, of Pall Mall, and by the Robinson Trust in 1977 to:
[southern Netherlands, Villers(?), third quarter of the 12th century]
(4) H.P. Kraus; bought from them in April 1978 by:
A substantial decorated portion of a very rare text, written not long after
the death of the author, with a very distinguished provenance (5) Bernard Rosenthal, his ‘I/276’.
12 leaves (2 leaves, a gathering of 8, and 2 more leaves), c.360×265mm, (6) Bernard Quaritch, cat. 1088 (1988), no 24, the 8-leaf gathering, and cat. 1147
pricked in all four margins and ruled in plummet for two columns of 35 (1991), no 93 (the four other leaves).
lines written above top line in a fne late Romanesque script, ruled space
c.250×170mm, rubrics, running headings, and added marginal chapter (7) Schøyen Collection, MS 95.
numbers in red, decorated with a large six-line puzzle initial in red and green
with penwork in both colours, with a further 20 two-line initials alternately
red or green with penwork of the other colour, the capitula list of Book XI with Text:
one-line red and green initials, the text comprising parts of Books X–XII (see Alulphus was a monk and librarian of St Martin’s, Tournai, and the
below), original parchment faws repaired with medieval sewing (minor stains dissemination of this rare work seems to have been limited to his own house
and darkening, mainly at the edges, and a few creases, but generally in very and a handful of other Cistercian houses in French Flanders and the southern
fne condition). Bound in grey buckram at the Quaritch bindery. Netherlands; it remains unpublished.
The volume in Brussels ends in Book IX, chapter 19; the present leaves
Provenance: contain Book X:8–10 (f.2), X:13–XI:17 (f.3–12, with one leaf missing after
(1) Written at a Cistercian house, to judge by the punctus flexus punctuation f.10), and XII:4–7 (f.1). For a list of 19 leaves, including the present 12, see de
(cf. lot 439), doubtless Villers-en-Brabant (about 20 miles south of Brussels), Hamel, Gilding the Lilly, 2010, no 23. A leaf in the Takamiya Collection at Yale
and doubtless the ‘Quarta pars Gregorialis’ included in their 1309 library belongs immediately before the present f.1; one at Stanford University flls a
catalogue; the abbey was suppressed in 1796, and this was one of a group of gap between f.2 and 3; and a leaf in the collection of Keio University belongs
about 20 manuscripts from the monastery bought in Brussels c.1823 by: immediately after f.12.
(2) Sir Thomas Phillipps (d.1872), his MS 29506, formerly bound at the end of
his MS 322 (‘De tentatione domini, fol[io], v[ellum], S[aec]. xiii’, ‘Ex Abbatia de Script:
Villari, in Flandria’; 70 leaves of the parent volume are now bound as Brussels, The present leaves demonstrate the beginning of the transition from
Bibliothèque royale, ms II.930); part of the residue of his collection sold by his Romanesque to Gothic script, with ‘pp’ fused together, an extra stroke in
heirs in 1945 to: letters such as capital ‘S’, hyphens at the ends of lines, and ‘i’ rarely dotted.
£5,000-5,000 US$6,400-10,000
€5,700-9,000
θ441
SACRAMENTARY, for the use of Reims Cathedral, in Latin, illuminated (3) Louis Le Caron de Troussures (d.1914), of the Château de Troussures, near
manuscript on vellum [France, presumably Reims, third quarter of the 12th Beauvais; his sale in Paris, 9 July 1909, lot 14 (described as having 130 leaves),
century] bought by:
From a book ft for use in the Coronation Church of the French kings, (4) Léon Gruel, Paris, who extracted and rebound the best 73 leaves and sold
perhaps made for the King’s son, Henry of France (d.1175), Archbishop of them before 1914 to Henry Walters (another 46 leaves were acquired in 1950;
Reims see L. Randall, Medieval and Renaissance MSS in the Walters Art Gallery, I,
1989, no 6, fgs 11–13, with considerable further bibliography, including C.
4 leaves, c.235×145mm, ruled very lightly in plummet for one column of 27 Niver, ‘A Twelfth-Century Sacramentary in the Walters Collection’, Speculum,
lines written in brown ink in a somewhat angular late Romanesque script, 10 (1935), pp.333–37).
ruled space c.175×80mm, with one rubric and a few incipits in square capitals,
illuminated with two large initial ‘D’s in gold, with red, green, and blue penwork (5) Sam Fogg Ltd., 1994.
ornament, a few three-line and smaller initials in varying combinations of
colours, two initials including animal heads (with considerable damage to one (6) Schøyen Collection, MS 1934.
or both of the upper corners of each leaf, afecting text and minor decoration to
greater or lesser extents, but the major decoration barely afected). Bound in
grey buckram by Bøthuns Bokverksted, Tønsberg, Norway, 2018. Text:
The main contents of the leaves are prayers for (i) Holy Thursday (Cena Domini,
The Lord’s Supper), with a long rubric detailing the preparation of holy oils,
Provenance: vestments, etc.; (ii) to be said before mass; (iii) for the pallium, and to be said
(1) Produced for use at Reims cathedral, as shown by the Temporale with after entering the church and after entering the choir; (iv) for the blessing of the
texts for the coronation of a king, and for St Remi; the Sanctorale with feasts Paschal Candle on Holy Saturday.
of Rigobert, Remi (who also appears in the Canon of the Mass), Theodoric,
and Nicasius; and, on the present leaves, mentions of an archbishop and of Script:
a pallium (worn only by archbishops and popes); made probably during the The overall aspect is decidedly angular compared to the roundness of Caroline
archiepiscopacy of Henry of France (1162–75), younger son of King Louis VI. minuscule, yet the script is not fully gothic, preserving pre-gothic features such
as the e-caudata to represent the ‘æ’ ligature; the letters ‘r’ and tall ‘s’ which
(2) Beauvais Cathedral Library, sufering from water damage between the descend slightly below the other minims; the dotting of ‘ii’ but not ‘i’; and the
compilation of the 1464 catalogue, when it was described as ‘couvert de cuir use of ampersands but not the tironian ‘et’.
empraint’, and the 1750 catalogue, in which it is described as ‘non relié [É]
n’ayant ni commencement ni fn [É] aient beaucoup soufert de l’humidité’ (see £3,000-5,000 US$3,900-6,300
H. Omont, ‘Recherches sur la bibliothèque de l'église cathédrale de Beauvais’, €3,400-5,700
Mémoires de l'Institut de France, 1916).
79
θ442
SACRAMENTARY, a rubricated bifolium with Prefaces for Major Feasts, in (3) Bernard Rosenthal, his ‘I/71’.
Latin, manuscript on vellum [Italy, mid-12th century]
An exceptionally elegant specimen of 12th-century Italian script.
A bifolium, each leaf c.315×215mm, blind-ruled for 26 lines written above
top line in brown ink in a very fne Romanesque bookhand, ruled space
245×140mm, rubrics in half-uncials in bright red, initials and ‘Vere Dignum’ Text:
monograms also in red, the repeated incipits ‘eterne deus’ and ‘et iustum est’ The text comprises the preface and, as appropriate, the prayer(s) ‘Infra
also in half-uncials, the text is consecutive (thus this was the central bifolium actionem’, which usually beginning ‘Communicantes et diem[/noctem]
of a gathering), yet is bound in reverse order foliated 45 and 46 in a 19th- or sacratissimum[/am] […]’; the leaves contain Masses for the feasts of
early 20th-century hand (slight darkening of the margins, a few later scribbles, Christmas, Epiphany, Lent, Maundy Thursday, Easter (f.2), and the Ascension,
not afecting legibility, the margins slightly trimmed, with the loss of parts of Pentecost, Trinity, Holy Cross, the Assumption, and Apostles (f.1).
added marginalia, a fve-line added medieval inscription in the lower margin
of the frst page has been erased). Bound in grey buckram at the Quaritch
bindery. Script:
The script is regular and exceptionally elegant. Abbreviations are infrequent,
the letter ‘f’ descends slightly below the line, the letters ‘pp’ do not touch (e.g.
Provenance: ‘apparuit’, ‘supplici’), e-caudata (‘ę’) is used regularly for ‘æ’, and ‘et’ is always
(1) Domenico Manni (1690–1788), Florentine antiquary, inscribed ‘di domenico written in full (the one tironian ‘et’ appears to be added).
Maria Manni’ (f.1).
£4,000-6,000 US$5,100-7,600
(2) Alessandro ‘Aldo’ Olschki (d.1963), Florentine bookseller (who in the 1940s €4,600-6,800
and ‘50s owned many leaves from Manni’s collection); sold in 1959 to his
nephew:
gl[ori]ę tuę dextera collocauit. Sed et / IN

[Vere Dignum] P[er] [Christu]m d[omi]n[u]m n[ost]r[u]m, qui / PENTEC[OSTEN] PREF[ATIO]
*443
TITUS FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS (37-100), The Jewish War, in the Latin translation The works of Josephus, The Jewish War chief among them, provide crucial
attributed to Rufnus, decorated manuscript on vellum [France, late 12th information about the First Jewish-Roman War and revolt against Roman
century] occupation, and also represent important literary source material for
understanding the context of the Dead Sea Scrolls and late Temple Judaism.
Very elegantly laid out with exceptionally generous margins, a substantial For many years, Josephus was largely known in Europe only in an imperfect
portion of a fne copy of a major historical text. Latin translation from the original Greek. Only in 1544 did a version of the
standard Greek text become available in French, edited by the Dutch humanist
12 leaves, each c.390×220mm, some leaves foliated in 20th-century pencil, Arnoldus Arlenius. The frst English translation, by Thomas Lodge, appeared
ruled in plummet for 2 columns of 52 lines written above top line in black ink in 1602, with subsequent editions appearing throughout the 17th century. The
in a somewhat irregular early Gothic bookhand, ruled space c.230×140mm, 1544 Greek edition formed the basis of the 1732 English translation by William
rubrics and running headings in red, decorated with two- to fve-line initials Whiston, which achieved enormous popularity in the English-speaking world.
in red with ornamental embellishments, simple line-fllers in red, some leaves It was often the book— after the Bible — that Christians most frequently
with a modern pencil inscription in French (e.g. ‘Extrait de l’évangile selon St owned. The text here comprises Books III 1:1–7:22 (5 leaves) and III 7:29–8:35
Luc du XIII siècle’), one leaf with the gathering number ‘III’ and catchwords (the (1 leaf), IV 11:5–V 1:5 (2 leaves), V 13:1–VI 1:1 (1 leaf), VI 1:5–2:7 (2 leaves), 5:3–7:3
upper outer corner of some leaves fre-damaged, the burnt area usually cut (1 leaf)
of, usually with loss of a little text, the lower margins of a few leaves excised).
Preserved loose in a custom-made grey buckram box. The text is very rare on the market: according to the Schoenberg Database, no
copy has been ofered at auction since 1956.
Provenance:
(1) Marcel Mirgodin (d. c.1988), of Paris, couturier and bibliophile; two leaves
were sold at Sotheby’s, 17 December 1991, lot 10; nine leaves were sold by Les Script:
Enluminures in December 1991 and one more in August 1992 to: The simple decoration and wide margins (suitable for making notes) of the
present leaves suggest that this was very much a text for study, rather than a
(2) Schøyen Collection, MS 1561. bibliophile’s book for ‘show’. This impression is supported by the script: words
are more heavily abbreviated than in earlier lots, the (crossed) tironian ‘et’ is
used instead of the ampersand, double ‘ii’ is dotted but single ‘i’ is only dotted
Text: if adjacent minims might cause confusion, hyphens are used at line-ends,
Titus Flavius Josephus, born Yosef ben Matityahu, was a frst-century often formed as part of the fnal letter, tall ‘s’ is still used at the end, middle, and
Romano-Jewish historian born in Jerusalem (then part of Roman Judea) to a beginnings of words, but round ‘s’ occurs occasionally.
father of priestly descent and a mother who claimed royal ancestry.
£4,000-6,000 US$5,100-7,600
€4,600-6,800
θ444
PETER LOMBARD (d.1160), Commentary on the Pauline Epistles, in Latin, (8) H.P. Kraus; sold in April 1978 to:
manuscript on vellum [France (Paris?) or England (Canterbury?), c.1160–80]
From the library of Canterbury Cathedral, and perhaps owned by St
Thomas Becket. (10) Bernard Quaritch, cat. 1147 (1991), part of no 94.
A bifolium, each leaf c.325×240mm, ruled in rather thick plummet for 2 (11) Schøyen Collection, MS 639.
columns of 43 lines written above top line in an early Gothic bookhand, ruled
space c.255×165mm, with lemmata underlined in red and authorities in the
margins in red (‘Hai[mo]’, ‘Au[gustine]’, ‘A[m]b[rose]’), sometimes specifying De Hamel observes that the present bifolium ‘was certainly at Christ Church’
the text (e.g. ‘Au.d.c.di.’: ‘Augustini de civitate dei’), prickings survive in all based on its characteristic Christ Church marginal markings, and ‘its page
three outer margins, the margins with added symbols in the form of four dots layout is of the most archaic form, written continuously without lemmata, a
in a lozenge pattern (characteristic of books from the library at Canterbury format generally abandoned by the late 1160s. If it was indeed at Christ Church
Cathedral) and a theta-like shape in the form of an ‘O’ with a cross-stroke since the twelfth century, it would not be inconsistent in date with Eastry no
(natural flaws in the vellum at the lower fore-edges, the second leaf with a 803 […] given by Thomas Becket’. The text was disseminated from Paris where
small tear at the fore-edge, but otherwise in excellent condition). Bound in grey Peter Lombard, Bishop of Paris, died in 1160; Becket perhaps acquired his copy
buckram at the Quaritch bindery. while in Paris when he was there in 1169–70, shortly before his fateful return
from exile.
Provenance:
(1) Perhaps written in Paris for St Thomas Becket (d.1170), Archbishop of Text:
Canterbury (see below), passing after his death into: The text is continuous (so this was the central bifolium of a gathering), it
starts in a gloss on I Thessalonians 4, continues with Romans 2, and ends in I
(2) Canterbury Cathedral Library, and from there to: Corinthians 15 (‘antichristi erunt residui […] id est peccatores vel’)
(3) Canterbury College, Oxford (see C. de Hamel, ‘The Dispersal of the Library
of Christ Church, Canterbury, from the Fourteenth to the Sixteenth Century’, Script:
Books and Collectors 1200–1700, 1997, at pp.268–69 and n.34). This is a relatively swiftly written (medium grade) bookhand, representing the
transition from Romanesque to Gothic. There are numerous abbreviations,
(4) Probably among the manuscript fragments collected by the antiquary Philip ascenders and descenders are rather squat, double ‘pp’ is fused (e.g. ‘p(ro)pter’,
Bliss (d.1837) from books rebound in Oxford in the 1820s. ‘p(ro)ponentibus’) but not other letters, double ‘ii’ is dotted, but still not single
‘i’, tall ‘s’ still predominates but round ‘s’ is found at the beginning or end of
(5) Sir Thomas Phillipps (d.1872), presumably his MS 18133 (‘A vol. of vellum some words, and the ampersand is used almost to the exclusion of (uncrossed)
fragments from bindings’, ‘ex Bibl. Revdi. Philippi Bliss D.C.L’), by descent to tironian ‘et’. A characteristic of this scribe is the up-tick at the bottom of the
his grandson: descender of the letter ‘p’.
(6) Thomas Fitzroy Fenwick (d.1938). £6,000-9,000 US$7,700-11,000

€6,800-10,000
(7) Acquired as part of the final residue of the Phillipps collection by the
Robinson Brothers in 1945; sold by the Robinson Trust in 1977 to:
Lazar[us] in sepulc[hro]. Q[uo]d eg[re]gi[us] u[er]sificator, breuit[er]

co[m]p[re]hendit sic dicens, Mens mala mors int[us]
θ445
PETER LOMBARD (d.1160), Sentences, in Latin, manuscript on vellum Script:
[England, Oxford?, mid 13th century] Although previously dated to the late 13th century, the writing above top
line and the prickings in the inner margin would both be unusual for books
A fne representative of one of the fundamental medieval university made after about the middle of the century. The script was written carefully
textbooks. but fairly swiftly, with numerous abbreviations, and with cursive tendencies:
note especially the long sideways ascenders on the letter ‘d’ when it occurs
A single leaf, c.300×200mm, ruled in light plummet for 2 columns of 48 lines at the beginning of a line, and the very unusual tironian ‘et’, which descends
written in black ink above top line in a somewhat cursive gothic script, ruled below the line and then loops up towards the next letter like a modern letter
space c.210×130mm, the text comprising the last two items in the list of ‘y’, sometimes joined to the next letter without a pen-lift (e.g. column 2, line 1:
contents, and the beginning of the main text (Book 1, Distinctio 1, Capitulum ‘pat(er) (et) filius’).
1–1.2.10), decorated with a large parted initial ‘U’ in blue and red, with foliate
infill and extensions with washes of brown and green, and smaller flourished If made in Oxford and still there in the 16th century, the parent volume was
initials, prickings in all four margins (recovered from use as a pastedown, with probably broken-up for use as waste by an Oxford bookbinder, and other
consequent wear and damage especially to the verso, but still attractive and leaves may survive in Oxford bindings. N.R. Ker, Pastedowns in Oxford Bindings
completely legible). Bound in grey buckram by the Quaritch bindery. (revised edition, 2004), records more than twenty copies of Lombard’s
Sentences, including two 13th-century copies written, like the present leaf, in 2
columns of 48 lines (nos 303 and 1354–56).
Provenance:
£2,000-3,000 US$2,600-3,800
(1) The overall appearance and level of marginal annotation suggest that this
€2,300-3,400
was a university book – and the text was a standard university text for the
study of theology – thus the manuscript is likely to have been made at Oxford.
Continenciam diligenti
(2) Still in active use in the 14th century, when marginalia were added, indagine [etiam] atq[ue] eciam
including ‘D.ia.’ (i.e. Distinctio prima) in the upper left corner. consid[er]antib[us] nob[is] p[re]via
446
LACOCK ABBEY, Letters Patent, by which Simon of Ghent (d.1315), Bishop of Salisbury, appropriates Lacock
parish church to the nuns of Lacock Abbey, sealed and dated by the bishop at at Ramsbury, 9 March, and by the
abbess and convent at Lacock, 10 March 1312 [n.s.]
An exceptional document: fnely written and textually interesting, with three large pendant seals, of a bishop,
an abbess, and a nunnery.
A single sheet, c.220×380mm, the lower 30mm folded-up, 24 lines written in a fne documentary script, the frst
initial enlarged and ornamented, with a contemporary endorsment by ‘R. de Toppechyve’(?), notary public, stating
that he witnessed the bishop place his seal, and a 19th-century summary, below which is the Phillipps number,
and in pencil ‘Wilts / 87’ (with two horizontal and two vertical folds, not afecting legibility), each of the three seals
is identifed between the holes through which their cords are threaded, set within a green suede-lined box with
leather spine and gilt title-piece.
Provenance:
(1) It has not previously been noticed that the document was sealed by the bishop on 9 March but not sealed by the
Abbess and convent of Lacock until following day, about 25 miles to the west: it ends ‘Datum apud Remmesby per
nos episcopum antedictum vij Id. Marcii. Et per nos Abbatissam et conventum in capitulo nostro de Lacok vj Id.
Marcii Anno domini millesimo trecentesimo undecimo’. It is doubtless for this reason that the dorse has an unusual
inscription by a notary public to the efect that he witnessed the bishop applying his seal.
(2) Sir Thomas Phillipps (d.1872), his MS 32677; Phillipps sale at Sotheby’s, 13 April 1981, lot 105(g).
(3) Bernard Quaritch.
Text:
The text is calendared by K.H. Rogers, Lacock Abbey Charters, Wiltshire Record Society, 34, 1979, p.20 no 33,
which may be summarised as follows: Letters patent of Simon bishop of Salisbury, appropriating to the nuns
of Lacock the parish church of Lacock, to which they and Sir John Bluet had the alternate right to present the
advowson. The nuns are to fund a priest to celebrate mass daily for ever for the souls of Sir John, his late wife
Margery, and their ancestors, in the Lady-chapel adjoining the abbey church, which is to be built at the cost of the
nuns and Sir John. The nuns are also to cause one of the priests of the monastery to celebrate a mass of the Blessed
Virgin with notes daily in the same chapel, during which masses four wax candles, each of two pounds weight,
shall burn at the four corners of Sir John’s tomb, and when they are consumed to a length of two cubits they shall be
renewed at the cost of the nuns. On the anniversary of Sir John’s death the nuns are to give ½d. each to 1,000 poor
people. The nuns are also to admit a woman into the monastery as a nun on Sir John’s nomination during his life, or
on that of his heirs after his death, and when she dies another one to succeed her, and so in succession.
The text begins ‘Universis sancte matris ecclesie fliis ad quorum pervenerit hec scriptura Simon permissione divina
Sar(isburiensis) Episcopus salutem in domino sempiternam. [É] Iohannes Bluet miles necessitates et adversitates
pauperum monialium monasterii de Lacock nostre diocesis [É] parochialem etiam ecclesiam de Lacock [É] eisdem
religiosis canonice appropriavimus [É]’.
Script:
Written in an elegant example of English documentary script, in which the most characteristic feature is the
lengthening and thickening of ascenders and descenders, the ascenders often ending with a hook-like downward
curve, except ‘d’ which rises towards the left with a thin stroke and descends towards the right with a thick one, ‘l’ is
typically forked at the top.
Bibliography:
W.G. Clark-Maxwell, ‘On the Appropriation of the Rectory at Lacock’, Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History
Magazine, 33 no.102 (1904) pp.358–75, the text printed from the cartulary at pp.368–9.
£20,000-30,000 US$26,000-38,000
€23,000-34,000
Universis sancte matris eccl[es]ie

[ra]cio suadet q[uo]d miserabilem
flius d[omi]n[u]s Ioh[ann]es Bluet miles
θ447
THE DORMITION AND ASSUMPTION OF THE VIRGIN, historiated initial Script:
on a leaf from a Missal, in Latin, illuminated manuscript on vellum [Paris, This is a very fne example of large, elegant, and regular gothic script,
c.1330–40] appropriate to high-status liturgical books for use in the Church’s most holy
liturgy, the Mass. Rather than the more formal ‘textura’ or ‘blackletter’ script, in
Splendid script and expressive illumination in almost pristine condition. which minims look very alike, the more rounded letter-forms are much easier
to read, so that, for example, in the frst word on the leaf, ‘iniquitatibus’, the
A single leaf, c.350×255mm, ruled in pale ink for 2 columns of 13 lines written ‘i’, ‘n’, and ‘u’ can easily be distinguished, even without dotting of the ‘i’. Many
in very fne gothic script, ruled space c.225×165mm, the text comprising the pairs of letters ‘kiss’, and several pairs of round letter are fused (e.g. ‘de’ in
end of a mass for St Eusebius (14 August) and the beginning of a mass for eundem, ‘bo’ in cibo, ‘do’ in domine, and of course ‘pp’ in supplices).
the Assumption of the Virgin (15 August), illuminated with a large historiated
initial ‘U’ depicting the Dormition and Assumption of the Virgin, from which
springs a full four-sided and inter-columnar border, two smaller illuminated Illumination:
foliate initials (very slight cockling and darkening at the edges of the leaf but Previously attributed to Picardy on the basis of a comparison with the Beauvais
otherwise in very fne condition). Bound in grey buckram by the Quaritch Missal and a Missal in The Hague, the decoration is, in fact, typical of Paris.
bindery. The illumination is lively and expressive: the drawing of outlines in a red-brown
ink, the treatment of hair, and the sharply angular profle noses are similar to
Provenance: the series of four-scene miniatures of which one was in our sale of the The
(1) From a volume of exceptional luxury, of which no other leaves have yet been Arcana Collection, Part III, 6 July 2011, lot 4 (see, for these latter leaves, C. de
recognised. Sotheby’s noted that the script and format (but not decoration) Hamel, Gilding the Lilly, 2010, no 43).
very closely resemble that of a Missal commissioned in 1323 for the
£10,000-15,000 US$13,000-19,000
Premonstratensian monastery of St John at Amiens (The Hague, KB, 78 D 40;
€12,000-17,000
but at 250×200mm, and written in columns of 14 lines, it is not especially close
to the present leaf).
(2) Sotheby’s, 29 November 1990, lot 17, bought by Ferrini; sold in March 1991
to:
θ448
KING DAVID IN THE WATERS BLESSED BY GOD, in a historiated initial on (3) Philip Duschnes for £1,500 (broken by him, with leaves ofered in his
one of two leaves from ‘the St Albans Bible’, in Latin, illuminated manuscript catalogues from 1965 onwards).
on vellum [Paris, c.1320–40]
(4) Bernard Quaritch, Bookhands V, cat. 1147 (1991), no 22 (the Exodus leaf).
Two very fne leaves from an important period of Parisian illumination,
from a Bible almost certainly owned by St Albans Abbey: reputed to have (5) Schøyen Collection, MS 649.
been commissioned by Richard de Bury (Bishop of Durham and author of
the Philobiblon) and owned by Michael de Mentmore, Abbot of St Albans.
Script:
Two leaves, each c.295×195mm, ruled in pale brown ink for 2 columns of 46 This is a very regular, high-grade, gothic bookhand, with occasional
lines written in a very fne, compressed, bookhand, ruled space c.190×125mm, calligraphic cadels on the top lines. There are relatively few (time- and space-
the text of the frst leaf comprising Psalms 64:6–68:14, each psalm with a saving) abbreviations, and individual letters are well-spaced enough that it was
titulus in red, illuminated with a large historiated initial depicting God blessing not seen as necessary to dot the letter ‘i’ except when fanked by other minims;
and King David in the waters, the text of the second leaf comprising Exodus crossed tironian ‘et’ is used to the exclusion of the ampersand, pairs of round
15:27–18:10, illuminated with the 2-line initials and borders at the chapter letters (‘os’, ‘ds’, ‘og’, etc.) are usually fused and many other letters ‘kiss’.
divisions (minor darkening at the edges, slight cockling, but generally in very
good condition). Bound in grey buckram at the Quaritch bindery. Text leaves appear on the market frequently, but fewer than a dozen with
historiated initials have been identifed (all but about 30 had already been
excised by the early 20th century); a detailed discussion of the manuscript is in
Provenance: the forthcoming catalogue of the McCarthy Collection.
(1) ‘From an important Bible illuminated possibly for Richard de Bury [d.1345]
author of the Philobiblon, and almost certainly given to St. Albans Abbey Illumination:
by Michael de Mentmore [Abbot of St Albans] who died of the Black Death The style of illumination is that of the workshop of Jean Pucelle (c.1300-1355),
in April 1349’ (Sotheby’s, 25 April 1983, lot 87; for further detail see C. de one of the most infuential, prolifc, and innovative artists of the frst half of the
Hamel in Fine Books and Book Collecting [É], 1981, pp.10–12); until 1964 the 14th century, responsible for such monuments of French illumination as the
volume was in a binding that incorporated fragments of a Register of John Belleville Breviary, the Hours of Jeanne d’Evreux and the Billyng Bible.
Whethamstede (d.1465), Abbot of St Albans.
£7,000-10,000 US$8,900-13,000
€8,000-11,000
(2) Sold as ‘The Property of a Lady’ at Sotheby’s, 6 July 1964, lot 239; bought
by:
87
(detail)
*449
A RECORD OF SEVERAL MIRACLES, and Indulgences Available, manuscript for performing Mass for the nuns), was founded c.1300 by the Bishop of
on vellum, dated at Wasserleben (Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany), 25 January 1332 Halberstadt, to commemorate a series of miracles that led to its becoming a
pilgrimage site. The document records that in 1221 there was at Wasserleben
An extremely rare class of document, providing a fascinating insight into a man named Conrad de Arnesten whose wife, Ermegarde, kept the Eucharist
the origins and growth of a local pilgrimage site. in her mouth on Easter day and took it home; three days later Conrad found it
and took it to Herbord, the parish priest, who called the parishioners together
A single sheet, c.510×360mm, ruled in plummet and written with 67 lines the next day and used the Eucharist to celebrate Mass at the church of St
in an angular bastarda script, the frst initial 4 lines high and with penwork James; having prayed that the Lord might reveal himself, he broke bread and it
ornament, the indulgence paragraph introduced by a 3-line initial in red, revealed Holy Blood. From then onwards, further miracles occurred: a 12-year-
capitals stroked in red, accounts of individual miracles introduced by a single old boy drowned and stayed in the water all day until found by a fsherman, but
word in red, blank on the reverse (except for Rosenthal’s pencil price-code) when his corpse was carried to the altar of the Holy Blood he was immediately
with no evidence that this was ever treated as an ‘archival’ document (with revived; another boy drowned in the area of Brunswick, but he too revived
single unobtrusive vertical and horizontal folds and other minor creases, when his body was carried to Wasserleben; and several other miracles are
with some minor staining and darkening at the edges, but generally in fne recounted.
condition).
A succession of 13th-century bishops of Halberstadt (including Frederick,
Wulradus, Hermann, and Albert) granted indulgences to anyone who
Provenance: would give alms to the church and visit on specifed feast days, including
(1) The main text is dated ‘at Waterlere, A.D. 1332, on the day of the Conversion the Dedication of the church (it is listed between the feasts of St James
of St Paul’ (i.e. Saturday, 25 January). and St Laurence: i.e. between 25 July and 10 August). This extremely rare
document was presumably drawn-up as an oficial record of the miracles and
(2) Hans Koch (trading as Jacques Rosenthal’s Antiquariaat), Munich; sold in indulgences, and was perhaps displayed publicly in the church.
1965 to:
(3) Bernard Rosenthal, his ‘I/182’. Script:

The fnal fve lines of the document, introduced by a red initial ‘I’, refer to ‘this
(4) Bernard Quaritch. monastery’ and ‘our convent’: it thus seems probable that the document was
written at the convent, perhaps by one of the nuns. The script is of a type
(5) Schøyen Collection, MS 590/48. known as ‘bastarda’: fundamentally a gothic bookhand, but with an ‘f’ and tall
‘s’ which descend below the line; the letters ‘b’, ‘h’, ‘l’ with a looping head, and
especially the 8-shaped ‘d’; the letter ‘i’ is dotted, and ‘r’ is written with a fne
Text: extra vertical stroke.
The Cistercian nunnery of the Holy Blood at Waterlere (now known as
£4,000-6,000 US$5,100-7,600
Wasserleben, about 15 miles west of Halberstadt and 2 miles west of a
€4,600-6,800
house of Teutonic Knights (at Langeln) who were doubtless responsible
*450
CONTRACT FOR THE SALE OF A TARTAR SLAVE, aged about 30, named The present manuscript appears to be unpublished. W.D. Phillips, Slavery
Magdalena, in Latin, manuscript on vellum, dated at Barcelona, 7 June 1401 in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia, 2013, provides a recent introduction to
the subject in English (citing extensive literature, much of it in Portuguese,
A very rare witness to the medieval trade in domestic slaves. Catalan, and Spanish). He writes, ‘Throughout Iberia, as elsewhere in the
Mediterranean world, the sale of a slave was an intricate dance between the
Single leaf, c.310 x 430mm, written with 31 lines of text in gothic notarial buyer and the seller, who had to pledge that the slave was a product “of good
script, endorsements of the 15th and 19th(?) centuries war, not of peace, and that he or she was not a fugitive, nor consumptive, not
(two vertical and three horizontal folds, with some minor losses along one possessed by the devil, nor a drunk, not a thief, nor blind in one eye or both,
vertical fold, minor stains, but overall easily legible and in good condition). nor a bed wetter, nor sufering from epilepsy or buboes, nor from any other
infrmities with all his or her good or bad qualities, seen or unseen”’.
Provenance:
(1) Dolphin, Oxford, sold in 1960 to:
Related bibliography:
(2) Bernard Rosenthal, his ‘I/103’, sold in 1989 to: M. Bosch, '"Servam et captivam meam." Femmes esclaves aux Baléares,
époque moderne,' in Captius i esclaus a l'antiguitat i al món modern, 1996.
(3) Bernard Quaritch.
Josep Hernando Delgado, Els esclaus islàmics a Barcelona: blancs, negres, llors
(4) Schøyen Collection, MS 590/57. i turcs. De l'esclavitud a la llibertat (s. XIV), 2003.
Vera-Cruz Miranda Menacho, ‘Algunos aspectos de la economía del

Text: monasterio de Pedralbes a través del manual (1414-1419) y del "capbreu"
By this document, Agnes, wife of Berenguer Luppetus [i.e. Berenguer Llobet, (1414-1418) de Gabriel de Forest’, Anuario de estudios medievales 33 (2003),
scriptor in the royal curia] of Barcelona, sells to Isabel, wife of Pietro de Campo, pp.171-190.
apothecary of Barcelona, ‘quandam servam sclavam et captivam meam,
neophitam sive babtizatam, que fuit de gente Tartarorum, vocatam nomine William D. Phillips, Slavery in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia, 2013.
Magdalenam, etatis triginta annorum vel circa’, for 46 Barcelona livres, dated
7 June 1401, signed by the said Agnes, and witnessed by Dominicus Mola, the
£6,000-9,000 US$7,700-11,000
notary Gabriel de Forest, and Bernardus Vendrelli, broker, written and sealed
€6,800-10,000
by Ramon de Forest (father of Gabriel), notary public, all citizens of Barcelona.
89
θ451
MAURICE THE PREACHER, Preaching notes on the Gospel readings for (3) Owned in the 17th(?) century by the Carthusian monastery of St
Summer Sundays, in Latin, manuscript on paper [Germany or Bohemia] 7 Salvatorberg (Mons Sancti Salvatoris) near Erfurt (secularised in 1803):
November 1436 inscribed ‘Cartusie erfordiensis’ on the upper margin of f.1.
A Dominican preacher’s own preaching notes, with his dated colophon, (4) Owned by a 19th- or early 20th-century German-speaking owner, with their
and a later monastic ownership inscription. pencil note on the front of the wrapper, next to an accession(?) code ending
‘1929’.
Two non-consecutive bifolia, each leaf c.215×150mm, frame-ruled in ink for
two columns of c.41 lines written in a rather cursive gothic hand, ruled space (5) Erik von Scherling (1907–56), bookseller of Leiden; ofered in an
c.175×120mm, decorated with a large initial in red with dense penwork in unidentifed catalogue as no 879, and again in his Rotulus, II, nos 3–4 (1932), no
brown and red, extending down the inner margin (some marginal staining). 1461, with clippings loosely inserted.
Bound in grey buckram by the Quaritch bindery.
(6) ‘The Property of a Lady’, sold at Sotheby’s, 7 December 1982, lot 56.
Provenance: (7) Bernard Quaritch, Bookhands V, cat. 1147 (1991), no 99.

(1) One (and perhaps both) of the bifolia written by Maurice, preacher, on
the feast-day of St Willebrord (7 November) 1436, with his colophon: ‘Per (8) Schøyen Collection, MS 723.
dominum Mauricium predicatorem superioris ecclesie in montibus thnt(?)/
chnt(?) Anno domini Mo. cccco xxxvi in die sancti Willibrordi confessoris’; the
place-name immediately before the date is uncertain, and a 16th(?)-century Text:
reader has apparently attempted to clarify it by adding ‘Thuringie’ in the ‘Cum transisset sabbatum Maria Magdalena et Maria Iacobi et Salomee
adjacent margin, over an erasure, but web searches for the phrase ‘superioris emerunt aromata [É] [Mark 16:1] [É] flium hominis ad cuius claram
ecclesie in montibus’ suggest that the next word could be Chutnis/Cuthnis, i.e. cognitionem . / Expliciunt collecta super ewangelia dominicalia partis
Kutná Hora, to the east of Prague. estivalis’ (followed by the colophon).
(2) Contemporary inscription below the colophon: ‘Forte Erfordie / in £1,000-1,500 US$1,300-1,900
montibus beate Marie virginis vel divi Severi’ (the 14th-century church of St €1,200-1,700
Severus in Erfurt still exists).
Ex isto ewa[ngelio] possu[mus] t[ri]a notare ¶

P[ri]mu[m] est istud q[uod] iste t[re]s m[u]li[er]es
(detail)
θ452
THE PROPHET JEREMIAH, in a historiated initial on a leaf from a Bible, in (3) Apparently owned by Bernard Rosenthal.
Latin, illuminated manuscript on vellum [Bohemia (or perhaps Germany/
Austria), mid 15th century] (4) Bernard Quaritch, Bookhands V, cat. 1147 (1991), no 23.
A large, fne, illuminated leaf from a grand Lectern Bible, of about the same (5) Schøyen Collection, MS 683.
date and representing the same aesthetic as the Gutenberg Bible.
A single leaf, c.440×310mm, ruled in pale brown ink for 2 columns of 46 lines Sister leaves:
written in a regular, angular, gothic bookhand, ruled space 305×190mm, The parent volume was described in 1936 and 1937 as having 163 leaves (with
running headers, enlarged calligraphic capitals at the beginnings of sentences, 18 historiated initials, most of which doubtless represent the Major and Minor
prickings survive in all four margins, the text comprising the end of Isaiah Prophets), of which a few have been identifed in the Art Museum of the Rhode
(66:11–24), two prologues and an ‘argument’ to Jeremiah (Stegmüller nos. Island School of Design (Joel initial, f.14); Oberlin College, Ohio (Haggai initial,
487, 490, and 486 respectively) and the start of Jeremiah (1:1–14), illuminated f.156); Berea College, Kentucky; and Randolph College, Lynchburg, Virginia
with a large historiated initial ‘V’ depicting a half-length fgure of the prophet, (text leaf with part of Ezekiel 16–18).
the recto with 15th/16th-century ink foliation ‘60’ (slight staining along the
lower edge, somewhat cockled, but generally in very good condition especially
the illumination). Bound with the recto as the verso in grey buckram at the Script:
Quaritch bindery. The script of this leaf is comparable to that of lot 453, but it is much more
laterally compressed, with the individual minims that make up letters ‘n’, ‘m’,
‘u’, etc., less distinct, such that a word like ‘cuius’ (column 1, line 4) looks like
Provenance: ‘c–s’ separated by fve minims; it is also more vertically compressed, so that
(1) From a volume containing the books of Proverbs to Malachi (doubtless the ascenders and descenders of ‘b’, ‘h’, ‘t’, etc. are less pronounced, and thus less
second of a three-volume Bible: the frst volume would contain Genesis to easy to distinguish from other letters. Capitals are not given a colour stroke
Psalms, and the third Maccabees and the New Testament). The intact volume or wash, as we might expect in such a sumptuous volume, but they are are
owned by William B. Gourley (d.1935), of Paterson, NJ: his sale in New York, 4 suficiently visually emphasised by the much greater horizontal space they
November 1936, lot 73; bought by: occupy.
(2) Otto Ege (d.1952), of Cleveland (S. de Ricci, Census, II, 1937, p.1946 no 62,
and S. Gwara, Otto Ege’s Manuscripts, 2013, Handlist no 150). Ege seems to Illumination:
have extracted leaves by 1943. The illumination is strongly reminiscent of the output of the workshop of the
Prague Hexameron, artists who fed Prague for Wroclaw in the wake of the
Hussite Wars. Alongside a traditional Bohemian palette of chalky greens and
pinks, the style is identifable by the sharp-featured fgure, clad in strongly-
Quod factum est verbum domini contoured drapery. The illuminators that fed Prague alongside members
a deum in dieb[us] Yosie flii Amon re- of the St Vitus Chapter, for Zittau and then Wroclaw, developed their own
gis Iuda. In t[er]ciodecimo anno regni sub-style within the Hexameron group, defned by bulkier fgures and further
exaggeration of drapery folds.
£4,000-6,000 US$5,100-7,600
€4,600-6,800
91
θ453
JOB ON THE DUNG-HEAP, in a historiated initial on a leaf from a Bible, in Script:
Latin, illuminated manuscript on vellum [Bohemia (or Austria?), mid 15th This is fairly heavily abbreviated and compressed medium-grade late medieval
century] gothic bookhand. Single ‘i’ is usually dotted, round ‘s’ appears only at the end
of words, letters frequently ‘kiss’ and pairs of round letters are fused (e.g. ‘do’
Unusual illumination in excellent condition on a fne leaf. in domo; ‘de’ in deum; ‘pe’ in pessimo; ‘bo’ in turbo), 2-shaped ‘r’ follows ‘o’, the
abbreviation-mark at the end of a word for ‘us’, ‘ue’, ‘et’ (e.g. vestibus, cumque,
A single leaf, c.355×250mm, ruled in dark brown ink for two columns of 38 accidisset) is shaped like a colon on top of a comma.
lines written in angular gothic script, ruled space c.240×165mm, running
headers (cf. lot 452), the text comprising the last few lines of a prologue to Job
(Stegmüller no 357) and Job 1:1–3:14, leaf signatures in ink in arabic and roman Illumination:
numerals ‘2’, ‘ij’, illuminated with a seven-line historiated initial on a tooled, The style of the historiated initial, with its soft palette of pinks and greens,
burnished gold ground, depicting Job, naked except for his hat, holding a scroll has a strong Bohemian flavour, and is reminiscent of that of a cutting from a
inscribed ‘nudus egressus sum de ventre matris mee’, prickings survive in Missal in the Rosenwald Collection in Washington, ascribed to lower Austria
three margins, the verso with two large flourished initials (very slight darkening or southern Bohemia, c.1430 (C. Nordenfalk, Medieval and Renaissance
at the edges, some slight flaking of ink in the text, the decoration in very fine Miniatures from the National Gallery of Art, 1975, pp.168-70, no 45), and to the
condition). Bound in grey buckram by the Quaritch bindery. Psalter of Hanuš of Kolovrat, probably Prague, dated 1438 (K. Stejskal and P.
Voit, Iluminované rukopisy doby husitské, 1991, pp. 60-61, no 45, esp. pl. 73).
£2,000-3,000 US$2,600-3,800
Provenance:
€2,300-3,400
(1) Bernard Rosenthal.

illa q[ue] h[abe]ri uideba[n]tur [et] ita corrup
(3) Schøyen Collection, MS 1375. ta era[n]t, u[t] sensum lege[n]tib[us] tolle[rent]
(detail)
θ454
KING CYRUS DIRECTING THE BUILDING OF THE TEMPLE OF (3) Bruce Ferrini (d.2010), inscribed in pencil with his stock number ‘VM 4190’,
JERUSALEM, on a leaf from a Bible, in Latin, illuminated manuscript on vellum Catalogue 1, Important Western Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts […], 1987, no
[?Austria, 1507 or slightly earlier] 34.
Very distinctive script on a leaf from a high quality, closely-datable Bible, (4) Schøyen Collection, MS 227.
with famboyant illumination depicting an unusual subject.
A single leaf, c.420×280mm, vertical rulings in pale pink-brown ink, Script:

horizontals ruled for tops as well as bottoms of minims in plummet, for 2 The Bible from which this leaf comes was clearly a high status item, perhaps
columns of 34 lines, written in a very high quality gothic bookhand, ruled space usually displayed open on a lectern. It seem to have been intended for public
c.310×205mm, the text comprising Ezra 1:1–2:62, chapter 2 preceded by a reading. The script is very regular, partly helped by the ruling which guides
four-line rubric from Bede’s commentary on Nehemiah and Ezra (Migne, PL, both the tops and the bottoms of the minims with very angular feet to the
XCI, 1850, col.817), the start of Ezra illuminated with a large historiated initial minims. Several features would have made reading aloud much easier: the
depicting King Cyrus instructing counsellors (the upper fore-edge corner letter ‘u’ has a small superscript ‘u’-shape to distinguish it from ‘ii’; there are
stained and the upper gutter corner water-damaged and repaired, slightly very few abbreviations other than the standard abbreviation-mark for an
afecting the initial and border decoration). Bound in grey buckram by Bøthuns omitted ‘m’ or ‘n’, and sometimes for omitted letters after ‘q’ e.g. in the number
Bokverksted, Tønsberg, Norway, 2018. ‘qui(n)quagi(n)ta q(ua)tuor’; and while dozens of numbers appear on the verso
of the leaf, they are all written out in full as words, not numerals.
Provenance: Illumination:
(1) Written and illuminated in Bohemia, Austria, or Germany probably for A charming, colourful and distinctive representation of an unusual subject.
a Cistercian or Carthusian house, to judge by the use of punctus flexus The 1987 Ferrini catalogue attributed the illumination to Augsburg, c.1500,
punctuation, doubtless part of a complete Bible bound in four or fve volumes, and compared it to the work of the illuminator Leonhard Beck and the writing-
probably written in or shortly before 1507. The frst volume of the set, master Leonhard Wagner. The style with its bright palette of pinks, greens and
containing Genesis–Ruth (Baltimore, Walters Art Museum, MS W.805), has blues, and its stocky, animated fgures, is certainly very Germanic.
always been dated 1507 on the basis of a scribal date at the very end, but it has
not previously been noted that the fnal leaves (comprising a capitula list) are £4,000-6,000 US$5,100-7,600
written by a diferent, presumably somewhat later, scribe. €4,600-6,800
(2) Otto Ege (d.1951): text leaves were included in Ege’s famous ‘Fifty Original
Leaves’ portfolios as no 44; another leaf with a historiated initial was sold
among the Ege residue at Sotheby’s, 26 November 1985, lot 86 (see S. Gwara,
Otto Ege’s Manuscripts, 2013, Handlist no 44).
93
θ455
CICERO, De fnibus bonorum et malorum, in Latin, manuscript on vellum [Italy (7) Otto Ege (d.1951) (see S. Gwara, Otto Ege’s Manuscripts, 2013, Handlist
(Florence or the Veneto?), c.1460s/70s] no 143): pencil inscriptions in the lower margin of some leaves; the present
group were among the 19 leaves sold as part of the residue of his collection
A substantial fragment from a fne Italian Renaissance manuscript of a at Sotheby’s, 26 November 1985, lot 79 (‘dated by Otto Ege 1463’), bought by
Classical author par excellence. Maggs.
13 leaves, each c.250×175mm, with modern pencil foliation 6, 19, 61, 66, (8) Schøyen Collection, MS 701.
68, 72–73, 75, 84, 91, 98, 101, and 103, a catchword on f.19v suggests that
the parent volume was in gatherings of 10 leaves, ruled in plummet for 28
lines written below top line in a fine Humanistic bookhand, ruled space Texts:
c.155×100mm (a few minor blemishes, but generally in very fine condition). Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 - 43 B.C.) was without a doubt one of the most
Bound in grey buckram by Lisa Bøthun, Tønsberg, Norway, 2018. influential orators, politicians and philosophers of the Roman world. A prolific
writer, De Finibus is his most extensive philosophical work, dealing with
the philosophical views of Epicureanism, Stoicism, and the Platonism of
Provenance: Antiochus of Ascalon. The present leaves contain parts of De fnibus Book I
(1) Owned c.1500 by Angelo Niccolini: inscribed ‘Angeli Nicholini Dec. Do. chapters 9–10, II 5–6, IV 2–3, 9–11, 12–13, 17–19 (2 leaves), 21–23, V 5–7, 14–15,
Laurentii et Amicorum’; in a ‘contemporary Venetian binding’ according to 23–34, 26–28, 29–30.
the 1900 Sotheby’s description; and with a stamp of the Niccolini Library,
Florence (according to de Ricci; on this library, see D. Rhodes in Book Collector,
24 (1975), pp.125–9 (citing the present manuscript at p.125) and 603–06; Script:
reprinted in his Studies in Early European Printing and Book Collecting, 1983). This is a good example of the classic type of Humanistic bookhand, its
debt to Carolingian minuscule clearly shown by the rounded letter-forms
(2) Payne & Foss, London: in their catalogue for February 1830, no 1111 (nos. and the ample spacing of letters, words, and lines, and the use of very few
1109 and 1112 were also from the Niccolini Library); bought by: abbreviations, to achieve a script of remarkable legibility.
(3) Sir Thomas Phillipps (d.1872), his MS 4548; Phillipps sale at Sotheby’s, 17 Otto Ege and Elizabeth his widow sometimes dated his manuscripts precisely
May 1897, lot 198, bought by Edwards. if there was a colophon, but sometimes also invented precise dates, as in
the present case: two are inscribed by her in pencil with the date ‘1456’ and
(4) Sotheby’s, 25 July 1900, lot 1132, bought by Leighton for 5s. another ‘1466’.
£1,000-1,500 US$1,300-1,900
(5) Preston A. Perry: his sale in New York, 21 April 1908, lot 269, bought by:
€1,200-1,700
(6) Coella Lindsay Ricketts (d.1941), of Chicago (de Ricci, Census, I, p.651
no.220, with 111 leaves).
θ456
TERENCE, Andria, in Humanistic script written by Giuliano di Antonio of Prato,
in Latin, manuscript on vellum [Italy, Florence, c.1450-60]
Fine Humanistic script by a documented Florentine scribe, on a leaf from a (7) Bernard Quaritch, cat. 1088 (1988), no 90.
classical text by the great Roman playwright Publius Terentius Afer.
A single leaf, c.250×175mm, blind-ruled for 30 lines written below top line,
in verse, in a fne Humanistic minuscule, ruled space c.170×115mm, rubrics in Seven leaves remaining in the Ege estate were sold at Sotheby's, 26 November
Square Capitals, decorated with three three-line initials in blue (with a vertical 1985, lot 78, bought by Quaritch, the source of some or all of the leaves sold by
pleat and some dark staining at the fore-edge, overall in fair condition). Bound them in their catalogues 1088 (no 90), 1147 (no 117), 1270 (no 124), and 1422 (no
in grey buckram by Bøthuns Bokverksted, Tønsberg, Norway, 2018. 92). J. Bofey and A.S.G. Edwards, Medieval Manuscripts […] at the University
of Colorado at Boulder, 2002, pp.60–61, describe fve leaves at Boulder (Hayes
9) and list a dozen others, including single leaves at Vassar, Rutgers, and
Provenance: Columbia Universities, and Sweet Briar College.
(1) Written in Florence, c.1450–60; the script was frst attributed by A.C. de la
Mare to the Florentine scribe ‘Messer Marco’, but she later revised this opinion Text:
and attributed it to the accomplished scribe Giuliano di Antonio of Prato (see Terence (c.190-159 B.C.) was one of the great early Roman comic playwrights.
L.L. Brownrigg and M.M. Smith, eds., Interpreting and Collecting Fragments of Only six of his comedies survive, and they establish him as a thoughtful writer
Medieval Books, 2000, at p.57). focused on careful characterisation and subtle comedy, less topical and
slapstick than his contemporary rival Plautus. Adapted from a Greek play by
(2) A leaf now at Rutgers University is inscribed with the 15th/16th-century Menander, Andria was Terence's frst play to be presented publicly and is rife
name ‘Petrus Colom’(?). with the kind of plot twists, mistaken identities, and dei ex machina that would
so infuence later playwrights like Molière. It became the frst of Terence's
(3) The incomplete parent volume of 103 leaves was sold at Sotheby’s, 28 May plays to be performed post-antiquity, in Florence in 1476, a little more than a
1934, lot 100, bought by Marks (of 84 Charing Cross Road fame), presumably decade after the present manuscript was produced. The text here comprises
on behalf of: Andria, I.3.16–I.5.43 (‘civem Atticam esse hanc [É] inhumanum aut ferum’)
(4) Dawson’s, Los Angeles bookdealers, from whom it was bought in 1935 by:
Script:
(5) Otto Ege (d.1951), of Cleveland (see de Ricci, Census, II, 1937, p.1947 no This is an extremely regular script, similar to ‘Roman’ printing type, and
65; S. Gwara, Otto Ege’s Manuscripts, 2013, Handlist no.78), broken-up (and thus easily legible to modern readers. The letter ‘i’ is always dotted to avoid
apparently shared with Phillip Duschnes) by September 1936. The present confusion with adjacent minims, letters are kept separate and do not fuse
leaf: (even ‘pp’: see ‘opprimat’, line 7), letters with ascenders or descenders are
considerably taller than others, and the only ligature is the elegantly ‘ct’.
(6) Bruce Ferrini (d.2010), with his pencil annotation ‘VM5474’.
£600-900 US$770-1,100
€680-1,000
PAMPHILVS MISIS
Qvis hic loquitur? misis salue Mi[sis] o [salue]
Rogas? laborat e dolore atq[ue] ex h[oc]
95
θ457
SENECA, Epistolae morales, in Latin, illuminated manuscript on vellum [Italy, Script:
perhaps Rome, c.1470] In the early 15th century Italian Humanists looked back to 12th-century
(Carolingian minuscule) manuscripts as models for a reform of handwriting.
Very unusual and elegant Humanistic script and decoration on a pristine In addition to the overall aspect of the lettering (using well-spaced round
leaf of a Classical text by Seneca the Younger, Stoic philosopher, forms instead of tightly-packed angular shapes), the present leaf displays
statesman, dramatist and satirist of the Silver Age of Roman literature. several other features copied from their models such as the writing above top
line, the absence of the tironian ‘et’, the use of the ampersand in place of ‘et’
A single leaf, c.290×205mm, ruled in plummet for 28 lines written above within words (e.g. ‘deb&’, ‘opport&’), and the e-caudata (‘ę’) to represent the
top line in a very fne Humanistic bookhand with calligraphic features such ‘æ’ ligature. The main distinctive features of this particular – and peculiar, see
as the long tail of the letter ‘Q’, ruled space c.210×125mm, the number ‘113’ below – script are the sharp sloping serifs at the tops of ascenders (‘b’, ‘d’, ‘l’,
in the margin, and illuminated with an elegant three-line illuminated initial etc.) and bottoms of descenders (‘p’, ‘q’), the way the top of the tall ‘s’ reaches
on a feld of white-vine ornament with pale yellow wash on panels of red and over to the right, and the elegant majuscule letters, especially the epigraphic
green backgrounds with marginal extensions, the fore-edge of the recto with ‘Q’ with a long tail. The vertical catchword is, however, a distinctively
the ofset of the initial to Epistola 112 in a diferent style (cf. the illustration humanistic feature.
in Quaritch cat. 1088 [1988], no 89). Bound in grey buckram by Bøthuns
Bokverksted, Tønsberg, Norway, 2018. Two leaves from the collection of Neil F. Phillips were sold at Sotheby’s, 2
December 1997, lot 67, where the present leaf is cited, and it was suggested
that they might be from southern Germany or even England, because the
Provenance: vellum appears to be northern, not Italian, and ‘the very careful slowly-
(1) Bernard Quaritch, Bookhands V, cat. 1147 (1991), no 116 (‘in perfect written rather consciously classical script looks like those written by the
condition’), citing another leaf from the same manuscript: Catalogue 1088 early humanists in England and elsewhere far from Italy’. We might add that
(1988), no 89; a third was in their Catalogue 1270 (2000), no 122. the ruling is in plummet, rather than the blind-ruling that we would expect
of a humanistic book made in Italy; the shape of the gold ‘D’ does not have
(2) Schøyen Collection, MS 647. the proportions we would expect of an Italian manuscript; and the two types
of initial are not typical of mainstream Italian illumination. We thank David
Rundle for the suggestion that it may have been written by one of the many
Text: Germanic scribes active in Italy, particularly Rome.
Seneca (c.4 B.C. - 65 A.D.), wrote his 'Moral Epistles' as a series of 124 letters
addressed to the otherwise undocumented Lucilius, the then procurator of £700-1,000 US$890-1,300
Sicily. The present leaf is from Epistolae morales ad Lucilium, 112.3–113.9 (‘Non €800-1,100
dico illum […] multa quia ex’), ending with vertical catchwords ‘Quia ex uno’,
and the start of Epistola 113 with a rubric (its last word in Rustic Capitals), in
which he deals with reforming hardened sinners and the vitality of the soul and
its attributes.
quęstione iactata ap[u]d n[ost]ros. An iusticia, an

fortitudo, prude[n]tia cęteręq[ue] uirtutes a[n]i[m]alia
*458
DECREE OF FRANCESCO GONZAGA, 4TH MARQUIS OF MANTUA, to Provenance:
Cristoforo Poggio of Bologna, in Latin, illuminated manuscript on vellum, (1) Cristoforo Poggio (or Poggi) of Bologna, secretary to Giovanni Bentivoglio,
Mantua, 25 October 1490. lord of Bologna. Both Poggi and Sigismondo Golfo were humanists: Golfo
instructed and provided books for Francesco Gonzaga’s wife, the great
A fne, noble decree of Francesco Gonzaga — ruler of the city of Mantua, Renaissance patron and collector, Isabella d’Este. Poggi’s background may
husband to Isabelle d'Este, described in his time as 'short, pop-eyed, snub- account for the unusual richness in the decoration of the decree, which was
nosed and exceptionally brave [...], the fnest knight in Italy' — written by probably painted by one of the illuminators who decorated books for Isabella
Sigismondo Golfo, his secretary. d’Este and Francesco Gonzaga.
A single sheet, 370 x 560mm, ruled in ink for 24 lines written in brown ink in a (2) Rizzo, Milan (until 1989).
fne upright humanistic minuscule probably by Sigismondo Golfo, secretary of
the Marquis of Mantua, and subscribed by him, ruled space 200 x 430mm, the (3) Sam Fogg Ltd., London.
frst line with a large illuminated initial ‘F’ with white vine interlace and large
capitals in burnished gold. two roundels: one with the Gonzaga device of a (4) Schøyen Collection, MS 567.
muzzle with a scroll and the inscription ‘Cautius’ (most cautiously); the second
with a scroll and the inscription ‘Bider Kraft’ (righteous strength). Signed by
the chancellor Antimachus (upper right corner missing and restored with old Text:
vellum, some splitting along fold, some rubbing and ofsetting, lacking seal). The decree grants Cristoforo Poggio concessions and exemptions in respect
of his villa, Corte Villagrossa in Roncaferraro. The chancery copy of the decree
is likely to be still in the Mantuan archives, most probably in the ‘Copialettere in
busta 2903, F II 9/133, 134 or 135’.
£3,000-5,000 US$3,900-6,300
€3,400-5,700
97
θ459
THE PALAEOGRAPHICAL ALBUM OF PIERRE-CAMILLE LE MOINE, a compilation of fragments from medieval codices on vellum and paper, some decorated
and illuminated, in French and Latin [France, Lorraine, 10th to 18th centuries]
A veritable treasure-trove of manuscript fragments from Toul Cathedral, ranging in date from the 10th to the 16th century and in subject matter from
grammar, poetry, natural philosophy and rhetoric to arithmetic, astronomy, geography, music, theology, law and medicine: all carefully compiled and
described by the well-meaning 18th-century archivist at Toul, Pierre-Camille Le Moine, in the hope of promoting the arts and sciences of his own region of
Lorraine.
246 x 197mm. ii + 49 + ii paper leaves, the frst part paginated 1-38 (followed here); the second, unpaginated and unfoliated, containing fragments of leaves
from medieval and renaissance codices from the 10th to the 16th centuries, including 6 fragments from printed books, numbered 1-55 by Le Moine (numbering
followed here, but sometimes the number is applied to more than one fragment), accompanied by his transcripts and notes (marginal repairs to the title page,
occasional gutters repaired, occasional staining, ofsetting and show-through, no 36 loose, nos 56-67 are missing, all from the section on painting and sculpture).
Green morocco (faded and yellowed).
Provenance:
(1) Pierre-Camille Le Moine (1723-1800): his autograph essay ‘Essai sur l’état des sciences et des arts en Lorraine depuis le premier duc héréditaire jusqu’au
règne de Charles III, prouvé par les monuments’ (pp.1-38), followed by an appendix with cuttings from medieval and renaissance manuscripts accompanied by
Le Moine’s transcripts and commentaries of these texts, signed ‘Le Moine / archiviste de L’Eglise / de Toul’ on p.38 and dated ‘Septembre 1761’ on the title-page.
Le Moine was archivist for the Cathedral of Toul from 1756/7 until 1764 and subsequently archivist for the cathedral at Lyon and for the church of Saint Martin at
Tours. He was the author of the frst printed French monograph entirely devoted to archives and archival management and description, the Diplomatique-pratique
ou Traité de l’arrangement des archives et trésors des chartes (1765), an infuential palaeographical and archival handbook which advocated the classifcation of
documents by topics rather than in chronological order.
(2) M. Marchant, ‘avocat à Saint-Mihiel’. According to François-Jean Baptiste Noël (see below), the album was ofered to him in the 1830s by Marchant.
Presumably he declined to buy it on that occasion, since it passed into the collection of:
(3) Louis-Philippe-Joseph Girod de Vienney, baron de Trémont (1779-1852), high government oficial under Napoleon, philanthropist and collector of autograph
manuscripts: no 1253 in his Catalogue de la belle collection de lettres autographes de feu m. le baron de Trémont, Chez Laverdet, 1852.
(4) François-Jean Baptiste Noël (1727-1793), delegate of the French department Vosges at the ‘Convention nationale’, decapitated by guillotine on 8 December
1793 in Paris: no 6205 in his Catalogue raisonné des Collections Lorraines de M. No‘l, Nancy, 1855. Noël was unable to believe that a man of Le Moine’s reputation
could possibly have been responsible for what he regarded as pure vandalism (‘un vol manifeste’): in his catalogue entry, while extolling the quality of the
fragments contained within the album, he refuses to accept Le Moine’s responsibility: ‘Nous protestons contre cette attribution calomnieuse’. The culprit is ‘un
quidam’, a ‘vandale’, a ‘scélérat’, who certainly had access to the archives at Toul cathedral, but could not have been Le Moine himself, an accusation which was
‘tout-à-fait indigne de la reputation bien acquise de ce savant’.
(5) Bruce Ferrini, sold in 1989 to:
Texts:
‘Essai sur l’état des sciences et des arts en Lorraine depuis le premier duc héréditaire jusqu’au règne de Charles III, prouvé par les monuments’, pp.1-38.
‘Chapitres des preuves de la Dissertation’, with fragments arranged by subject: grammar, poetry, natural philosophy, rhetoric, arithmetic, astronomy, geography,
topography, planimetry, music, theology, canon and civil law, medicine. For a more complete description of each fragment please contact the department.
The present lot is a veritable treasure-trove of material for the palaeographer and a valuable survival for the history of palaeography: it is at once a reference tool,
a teaching aid, a catalogue of the myriad types of text that were circulating around Europe from the early Middle Ages to the late Renaissance, and an unfortunate
example of 18th-century book-breaking (however well-meaning: Le Moine insisted he only used manuscripts that were already fragmentary).
The earliest fragments included date from the 10th century: these are two cuttings from choirbooks (nos 39a and 39b). But each section has its delights and
highlights: in poetry we see a 13th-century extract from Le Roman de Troie (no 10) and Les Chétifs, a poem about the First Crusade (no 11, also 13th century). 12th-
century excerpts from Bede abound in the chapter on natural philosophy. Among the astronomical fragments we fnd a table for fnding the dates of Easter (no
23), alongside a series of seven inscribed roundels concerning respectively the lengths of spring, summer, the winter solstice, the equinox, the summer solstice,
autumn and winter (no 24), both fragments dating from the early 11th century. Within the sections on planimetry and topography we see two exceptional coloured
maps representing the same view of the Moselle River, but produced one hundred years apart (nos 38a and 38b). Among the musical fragments we see a c.1400
exemplar of the hymn to St John the Baptist (no 43c), made famous in the 11th century when Guido of Arezzo named the notes of the musical scale after the
opening syllables of each line: ‘Ut [queant laxis] – Re[sonare fbris] – Mi[ra gestorum] – Fa[muli tuorum] – Sol[ue polluti] – La[bii reatum] – S[ancte Iohannes]. In
the legal sections we fnd a 12th-century text on spiritual fornication as the basis of dismissing a spouse, but also more pedestrian texts concerning what to do if
one’s neighbour’s trees overhang one’s house (no 50, from the 14th century).
Bibliography:
M.L. Colker, 'A palaeographical album of Pierre-Camille Le Moine', Scriptorium 47-1, (1993), pp.56-60.
M. Friedrich, ‘Being an Archivist in Provincial Enlightened France: The Case of Pierre Camille Le Moine (1723–1800)’, European History Quarterly, 46, 2016,
pp.568-589.
£70,000-100,000 US$89,000-130,000
€80,000-110,000
Medieval Seal Matrices in the Schøyen Collection
In the Middle Ages, the word ‘seal’ or ‘sigillum’ could be applied both to the instrument
that makes the wax impression and to the wax impression itself. It is usually clear from the
context which is meant. The same is true today, but the instrument itself is often referred to
as the die or the matrix, and the wax impression is more properly called a sealing.
The majority of the seal matrices in the collection of Dr Schøyen are from Britain, non-heraldic
and personal. They are in contrast to the grand official seals of kings, bishops and nobles often
reproduced in books on medieval art and social history, and they have become a matter of
serious investigation in the last twenty years.
In general terms seals must have been extremely rare in medieval Britain before the Norman
Conquest (the seal of Wulfric, lot 460, is one of only five survivals from Anglo-Saxon England);
they are unusual until the second half of the 12th century; and they are common in the 13th
and 14th centuries before being at least partly replaced in the 15th century by signet rings.
This coincides with the proliferation of written documents: in the 11th century and before,
most transactions were probably conducted without written records, but a few centuries later
property and other commercial transactions usually required documentary confirmation at
all levels of society, and personal letters were used for regular correspondence. A wax seal
was both practical and symbolic, and as more and more documents were ‘signed, sealed and
delivered’ (a legal phrase also familiar in the Middle Ages) seals became increasingly common.
In more specific terms, personal seals tended to name their owners and were clearly custom-
made until the end of the 13th century. Thereafter, especially in the first half of the 14th
century, alongside personalised seals, standard off-the-shelf types emerged which were
usually engraved with a variety of ornamental devices and lettered with banal mottoes and no
mention of the owner’s name. Broadly speaking, many of the seals of the late 12th and 13th
century were engraved on flat lead blanks with devices of human figures, lions, birds, fleurs-
de-lis, and so forth. Later in the century copper alloy or bronze became the standard material
for a matrix, a new trumpet-like shape was introduced, and a variety of pictorial devices
became associated with standard impersonal mottoes.
Most seals combine a legend with a pictorial device. They are usually in Latin throughout the
Middle Ages, but vernacular legends, either in French or Middle English, are not uncommon
after about 1300. Although the study of handwriting is a refined discipline, the palaeography
of seal matrices is less exact. The engraved lettering is divided traditionally into three types:
Roman capitals, Lombardic capitals, and black-letter.
Excerpt from R. Linenthal and W. Noel, ‘Medieval Seal Matrices in the Schøyen Collection’,
Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection IV, Oslo, 2004
The Schøyen Collection of medieval seal matrices is almost certainly the most important
private collection of this material in the world. According to W. Noel, there are more
private seal matrices in this collection than in the British Museum. The matrices represent
many levels of medieval society, are made from a variety of materials (ivory, silver, lead,
copper alloy), and vary greatly in shape, size, design, intricacy and quality. From the 403
seals offered in this catalogue we gain a comprehensive insight into the production and
application of medieval seals, and therefore also into the lives of the people to whom
they belonged.
102
103
~460
THE SEAL OF WULFRIC, an Anglo-Saxon walrus ivory seal matrix [England, frst half 11th century]
One of only fve surviving seal matrices from Anglo-Saxon England, and one of only three 11th-
century ivory matrices. A splendid testimony to the increasing use of the written word in Anglo-
Saxon government.
Walrus ivory. Face: 39mm, with tab: 55mm. A three-quarter length fgure of a seated man, his face in
profle looking left, his right hand holding a sword, on a circular face, the legend reading 'Sigillum Wulfrici',
with an elaborate pierced tab in the form of a three-dimensional bird-headed dragon (rather worn,
especially on the left side). Fitted perspex box.
Provenance:
(1) The legend on the seal, in capitals, reads 'Sigillum Wulfrici' and the seal portrays a seated man holding
a sword - indicating that Wulfric was a secular fgure. The other surviving 11th-century seals from
Anglo-Saxon England are the Godwin and Godgytha seal (British Museum) and the so-called Hubert
seal, discovered in Lincoln in 1985 (Lincoln, City and County Musuem). The date of the Wulfric seal can
be estimated by comparison with the Godwin seal, which cannot have been made much before 1040,
because of its close resemblance to the arm and sceptre coinage of King Harthacnut, struck at London
by the moneyer Lefstan in 1040-42. The reverse of the Godwin seal was engraved after the obverse and
depicts the three-quarter length fgure of Godgytha, a nun. It has been suggested that this three-quarter
length is a transitional stage to a full-length fgure, such as the seal of Thor Longus, and that it may depend
on the introduction c.1050 of the image of the enthroned king on the royal seal of Edward the Confessor.
(2) Apparently discovered in a box in a garden shed at Sittingbourne, Kent, 1976.
(2) Christie's, 16 March 1977, lot 179.
(3) Sotheby's, 'European Sculpture and Works of Art from the collection formed by the British Rail Pension
Fund', 4 July 1996, lot 1.
(4) Schøyen Collection, MS 2223/14
Literature:
E.A. Hastings, 'An Anglo-Saxon Seal Matrix', Burlington Magazine, 119, 1977, pp.308-9
T. A. Heslop, 'English Seals from the mid-ninth Century to 1100', Journal of the British Archaeological
Association, 133, 1980, pp.6-7.
English Romanesque Art 1066-1200, Hayward Gallery Exhibition, 1984, p.317, no 369.
J. Cherry, 7000 years of Seals, British Museum, 1997, p.133.
£70,000-100,000 US$89,000-130,000
€80,000-110,000
326
16
12
11
397
13
67
80
~461
THE SCHØYEN COLLECTION OF MEDIEVAL SEAL MATRICES
One of the largest collections of medieval seal matrices — and almost certainly the largest collection
of private seal matrices — in the world : 402 individual matrices ranging in date from the 12th to the
end of the 16th century; in material from lead to silver, bronze and classical gemstones; and in subject
of their devices from fgures of identifed owners to lions, stags, squirrels, dragons and grotesques.
402 medieval seal matrices, ranging in size from 8mm to 70mm in diameter, and made from a variety of
materials: the majority of lead and copper alloy, 11 silver, 1 made from a bronze Roman sestertius, 1 ivory,
and several incorporating classical gemstones. The earliest seals are fat and usually have a tab at the top
which is often pierced for attachment. Modern wooden display box.
Provenance:
(1) Most of the seals in the collection were produced in England and have been discovered in the 1980s
and 1990s with the aid of metal detectors. Some, from the evidence of the names of the owners and
styles of the matrices, were clearly made on the Continent although discovered in the UK, while others
may have belonged to Englishmen who carried them abroad (see, for example, a number of the Crusader
seals). In some cases, the locations of the fnds are logical: the seal of a priest, William of Stamford, was
found at Stamford in Lincolnshire; the seal of the Archdeacon of Rochester came from East Kent, and the
heraldic seal of William of Stoneham was found in the village of Stoneham in Hampshire (MS 2223/1, 6
and 362). Others are more puzzling: it is not clear, for example, why the important large matrix of a Norman
Benedictine Abbey should have been found in Cambridgeshire (MS 2223/67), nor why the seal of Finn
Gautsson should have been discovered near Norwich, unless perhaps the owner was returning to Norway
from King's Lynn after signing the Treaty of Perth.
(2) Bought en bloc from Quaritch in 1997 (with the exception of MS 2223/16, purchased from Glendining,
2 October 1996, lot 490).
(3) The Schøyen Collection, MS 2223.
The catalogue of Medieval Seal Matrices in the Schøyen Collection (R. Linenthal and W. Noel, Oslo, 2014), a
copy of which accompanies the collection, categorises each individual seal according to the subject of its
device. To give a sense of the scope, variety and diversity of the collection, we have followed the same logic
below, since this is surely how they would have been recognised when they were made, though it is beyond
the scope of this catalogue to provide a comprehensive listing. For a full description and image, along with
specifc provenance information of each seal matrix in the collection please contact the department.
Human fgures, fgures and busts with religious sentiment, fgures and busts with a secular sentiment
There are 46 matrices within this category, ranging from the 13th to the late 16th century, of which 24
belonged to identifed religious or secular owners: these are the named ones belonging to William of
Stamford, the Archdeacon of Rochester, Prior Ottwi from the convent of Augustinian Hermits, James
Monteau (canon and priest of Oudenaarde in Eastern Flanders), William Tourlour of Paris and Agnes of
Hillun, among others. Highlights are the exceptional 15th-century seal of the Bishop of Man (MS 2223/11),
identifed as Thomas Burton (or Barton), fnely engraved and in excellent condition; the late 16th-century
oficial seal of Anthony Blincow, Chancellor of Chichester and Commissary of the Archdeaconry of Lewes
(MS 2223/12); the seal matrix for the Court of Pleas of Durham from the bishopric of Thomas Matthew
(Bishop of Durham from 1595-1606), composed of two parts which ft together (MS 2223/13); and the
exceptional mid-13th-century matrix of Finn Gautsson, depicting a knight on horseback and bearing a
clear legend in excellent lombardic: 'S' FINNONIS BARONIS REGIS NORWAGIE' (MS 2223/16). The
latter is a magnifcent newly discovered representative of Anglo-Norwegian art in the middle of the 13th
century. Finn Gautsson certainly visited England once: he was a signatory to the Treaty of Perth, in which
278
332
79
302
303
351 368
149
358
357
289
the Hebrides and the Isle of Man were ceded to Scotland for 4,000 marks following the defeat of the
Norwegian feet at Largs in 1263.
Religious fgures and symbols

78 matrices fall within this category, ranging in date from the c.1200 to the 15th century, including a French
13th-century matrix depicting a full-length tonsured male saint or abbot from the Benedictine Abbey of
Ste. Marie de S. Pierre sur Dive, in the diocese of Lisieux (MS 2223/67); the oficial 15th-century seal of the
Hospital of St Giles, depicting the Saint under a gothic architectural canopy (MS 2223/79); and a woman's
lead seal from c.1200 depicting the Lamb of God (MS 2223/80).
Animals
165 matrices fall within this varied and diverting category, which boasts lions, stags, hares, squirrels,
eagles, owls and a whole panoply of other animals. Particularly striking is the 14th-century oficial seal of
the Alnager of Kent: the person in charge of ensuring quality and uniformity of cloth, which depicts a lion's
head (MS 2223/149). MS 2223/245, depicting a bird with the lombardic legend 'SIGILLUM ROLANDI
OISUN' is a fascinating and extremely rare survival because the face of the seal was engraved in c.1200
on the reverse of a Roman bronze sestertius of Antoninus Pius (Emperor from 138-161, see lot 413). MS
2223/278 is another early matrix from the turn of the 13th century, depicting a winged grifin.
Miscellaneous (grotesques, abstract designs, heraldic motifs, initials, gems)

Among the remaining 113 matrices we fnd an exquisite and very rare tiny 14th-century silver seal matrix
in the form of a sculpted Virgin and Child, with the device at its base stylised foliage above a heart (MS
2223/326); a late 12th-century rare polished ivory matrix, one of only two in the collection with a positively
inscribed legend (MS 2223/328); an exceptionally fne English mid-13th century counterseal, comparable
in quality and importance to that of Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, c.1239 (MS 2223/350); the
elaborate heraldic seal of Thomas de Ros, Lord Ros (1427-1464), who served under Henry VI and Edward
IV in the War of the Roses, and executed in Newcastle on 17 May 1464 (MS 2223/368); and a series of 13th
and 14th century English matrices with intaglio gems dating from Ancient Rome (MSS 2223/398-401).
£100,000-150,000 US$130,000-190,000
€120,000-170,000
401 328 400
109
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These Conditions of Sale and the Important Notices and Explanation complex mechanisms, a general service, change of battery or further 1 WHO CAN ENTER THE AUCTION
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3 CONDITION deposit as a condition of allowing you to bid. For help, please contact decision in exercise of this discretion is final. This paragraph does not
(a) The condition of lots sold in our auctions can vary widely due to our Credit Department on +44 (0)20 7839 9060. in any way prejudice Christie’s ability to cancel the sale of a lot under
factors such as age, previous damage, restoration, repair and wear and any other applicable provision of these Conditions of Sale, including
tear. Their nature means that they will rarely be in perfect condition. 2 RETURNING BIDDERS the rights of cancellation set forth in section B(3), E(2)(i), F(4) and J(1).
Lots are sold ‘as is’, in the condition they are in at the time of the sale, We may at our option ask you for current identification as described
without any representation or warranty or assumption of liability of any in paragraph B1(a) above, a financial reference or a deposit as a 4 BIDDING
kind as to condition by Christie’s or by the seller. condition of allowing you to bid. If you have not bought anything The auctioneer accepts bids from:
(b) Any reference to condition in a catalogue entry or in a condition from any of our salerooms in the last two years or if you want to
(a) bidders in the saleroom;
report will not amount to a full description of condition, and images may spend more than on previous occasions, please contact our Credit
not show a lot clearly. Colours and shades may look different in print Department on +44 (0)20 7839 9060. (b) telephone bidders, and internet bidders through ‘Christie’s LIVE™
or on screen to how they look on physical inspection. Condition reports (as shown above in Section B6); and
may be available to help you evaluate the condition of a lot. Condition (c) written bids (also known as absentee bids or commission bids)
3 IF YOU FAIL TO PROVIDE THE RIGHT DOCUMENTS
reports are provided free of charge as a convenience to our buyers and left with us by a bidder before the auction.
If in our opinion you do not satisfy our bidder identification and
are for guidance only. They offer our opinion but they may not refer to registration procedures including, but not limited to completing any
all faults, inherent defects, restoration, alteration or adaptation because anti-money laundering and/or anti-terrorism financing checks we 5 BIDDING ON BEHALF OF THE SELLER
our staff are not professional restorers or conservators. For that reason may require to our satisfaction, we may refuse to register you to bid, The auctioneer may, at his or her sole option, bid on behalf of the
they are not an alternative to examining a lot in person or taking your and if you make a successful bid, we may cancel the contract for sale seller up to but not including the amount of the reserve either by
own professional advice. It is your responsibility to ensure that you have between you and the seller. making consecutive bids or by making bids in response to other
requested, received and considered any condition report. bidders. The auctioneer will not identify these as bids made on
behalf of the seller and will not make any bid on behalf of the seller
4 BIDDING ON BEHALF OF ANOTHER PERSON
4 VIEWING LOTS PRE-AUCTION at or above the reserve. If lots are offered without reserve, the
(a) As authorised bidder. If you are bidding on behalf of another auctioneer will generally decide to open the bidding at 50% of the
(a) If you are planning to bid on a lot, you should inspect it personally or person, that person will need to complete the registration
through a knowledgeable representative before you make a bid to make low estimate for the lot. If no bid is made at that level, the auctioneer
requirements above before you can bid, and supply a signed letter may decide to go backwards at his or her sole option until a bid is
sure that you accept the description and its condition. We recommend authorising you to bid for him/her.
you get your own advice from a restorer or other professional adviser. made, and then continue up from that amount. In the event that
(b) As agent for an undisclosed principal: If you are bidding as there are no bids on a lot, the auctioneer may deem such lot unsold.
(b) Pre-auction viewings are open to the public free of charge. Our an agent for an undisclosed principal (the ultimate buyer(s)), you
specialists may be available to answer questions at pre-auction accept personal liability to pay the purchase price and all other
viewings or by appointment. 6 BID INCREMENTS
sums due, unless it has been agreed in writing with Christie’s before
commencement of the auction that the bidder is acting as an agent Bidding generally starts below the low estimate and increases in
5 ESTIMATES on behalf of a named third party acceptable to Christie’s and that steps (bid increments). The auctioneer will decide at his or her sole
Estimates are based on the condition, rarity, quality and provenance Christie’s will only seek payment from the named third party. option where the bidding should start and the bid increments. The
of the lots and on prices recently paid at auction for similar property. usual bid increments are shown for guidance only on the Written Bid
Estimates can change. Neither you, nor anyone else, may rely on any Form at the back of this catalogue.
5 BIDDING IN PERSON
estimates as a prediction or guarantee of the actual selling price of If you wish to bid in the saleroom you must register for a numbered
a lot or its value for any other purpose. Estimates do not include the 7 CURRENCY CONVERTER
bidding paddle at least 30 minutes before the auction. You may
buyer’s premium or any applicable taxes. register online at www.christies.com or in person. For help, please The saleroom video screens (and Christies LIVETM) may show bids
contact the Credit Department on +44 (0)20 7839 9060. in some other major currencies as well as sterling. Any conversion is
6 WITHDRAWAL for guidance only and we cannot be bound by any rate of exchange
Christie’s may, at its option, withdraw any lot at any time prior to used. Christie’s is not responsible for any error (human or otherwise),
6 BIDDING SERVICES omission or breakdown in providing these services.
or during the sale of the lot. Christie’s has no liability to you for any The bidding services described below are a free service offered as a
decision to withdraw. convenience to our clients and Christie’s is not responsible for any
8 SUCCESSFUL BIDS
error (human or otherwise), omission or breakdown in providing
7 JEWELLERY these services. Unless the auctioneer decides to use his or her discretion as set out in
(a) Coloured gemstones (such as rubies, sapphires and emeralds) paragraph C3 above, when the auctioneer’s hammer strikes, we have
may have been treated to improve their look, through methods such accepted the last bid. This means a contract for sale has been formed
(a) Phone Bids between the seller and the successful bidder. We will issue an invoice
as heating and oiling. These methods are accepted by the inter- Your request for this service must be made no later than 24 hours
national jewellery trade but may make the gemstone less strong only to the registered bidder who made the successful bid. While we send
prior to the auction. We will accept bids by telephone for lots only out invoices by post and/or email after the auction, we do not accept
and/or require special care over time. if our staff are available to take the bids. If you need to bid in a responsibility for telling you whether or not your bid was successful. If you
(b) All types of gemstones may have been improved by some method. language other than in English, you must arrange this well before the have bid by written bid, you should contact us by telephone or in person as
You may request a gemmological report for any item which does not auction. We may record telephone bids. By bidding on the telephone, soon as possible after the auction to get details of the outcome of your bid
have a report if the request is made to us at least three weeks before you are agreeing to us recording your conversations. You also agree to avoid having to pay unnecessary storage charges.
the date of the auction and you pay the fee for the report. that your telephone bids are governed by these Conditions of Sale.
(c) We do not obtain a gemmological report for every gemstone
sold in our auctions. Where we do get gemmological reports from 9 LOCAL BIDDING LAWS
(b) Internet Bids on Christie’s Live™ You agree that when bidding in any of our sales that you will strictly
internationally accepted gemmological laboratories, such reports will
For certain auctions we will accept bids over the Internet. For comply with all local laws and regulations in force at the time of the
be described in the catalogue. Reports from American gemmological
more information, please visit https://www.christies.com/buying- sale for the relevant sale site.
laboratories will describe any improvement or treatment to the
services/buying-guide/register-and-bid/ As well as these
gemstone. Reports from European gemmological laboratories will
Conditions of Sale, internet bids are governed by the Christie’s
describe any improvement or treatment only if we request that D THE BUYER’S PREMIUM, TAXES AND ARTIST’S
LIVE™ Terms of Use which are available on is https://www.
they do so, but will confirm when no improvement or treatment has RESALE ROYALTY
christies.com/LiveBidding/OnlineTermsOfUse.
been made. Because of differences in approach and technology, 1 THE BUYER’S PREMIUM
laboratories may not agree whether a particular gemstone has been In addition to the hammer price, the successful bidder agrees to
treated, the amount of treatment or whether treatment is permanent. (c) Written Bids
pay us a buyer’s premium on the hammer price of each lot sold.
The gemmological laboratories will only report on the improvements You can find a Written Bid Form at the back of our catalogues, at any
On all lots we charge 25% of the hammer price up to and including
or treatments known to the laboratories at the date of the report. Christie’s office or by choosing the sale and viewing the lots online
£225,000, 20% on that part of the hammer price over £225,000
(d) For jewellery sales, estimates are based on the information in at www.christies.com. We must receive your completed Written
and up to and including £3,000,000, and 13.5% of that part of
any gemmological report or, if no report is available, assume that the Bid Form at least 24 hours before the auction. Bids must be placed
the hammer price above £3,000,000. VAT will be added to the
gemstones may have been treated or enhanced. in the currency of the saleroom. The auctioneer will take reasonable
buyer’s premium and is payable by you. The VAT may not be shown
steps to carry out written bids at the lowest possible price, taking
separately on our invoice because of tax laws. You may be eligible
into account the reserve. If you make a written bid on a lot which
8 WATCHES & CLOCKS to have a VAT refund in certain circumstances if the lot is exported.
does not have a reserve and there is no higher bid than yours, we will
(a) Almost all clocks and watches are repaired in their lifetime Please see the “VAT refunds: what can I reclaim?” section of ‘VAT
bid on your behalf at around 50% of the low estimate or, if lower, the
and may include parts which are not original. We do not give a Symbols and Explanation’ for further information.
amount of your bid. If we receive written bids on a lot for identical
warranty that any individual component part of any watch or clock amounts, and at the auction these are the highest bids on the lot,
is authentic. Watchbands described as ‘associated’ are not part of we will sell the lot to the bidder whose written bid we received first.
the original watch and may not be authentic. Clocks may be sold
without pendulums, weights or keys.
110
2 TAXES (g) The benefit of the authenticity warranty is only available to the (ii) Credit Card.
The successful bidder is responsible for all applicable tax including original buyer shown on the invoice for the lot issued at the time of We accept most major credit cards subject to certain conditions. You
any VAT, sales or compensating use tax or equivalent tax wherever the sale and only if, on the date of the notice of claim, the original may make payment via credit card in person. You may also make a
such taxes may arise on the hammer price and the buyer’s premium. buyer is the full owner of the lot and the lot is free from any claim, ‘cardholder not present’ (CNP) payment by calling Christie’s Post-Sale
VAT charges and refunds depend on the particular circumstances of interest or restriction by anyone else. The benefit of this authenticity Services Department on +44 (0)20 7752 3200 or for some sales, by
the buyer. It is the buyer’s responsibility to ascertain and pay all taxes warranty may not be transferred to anyone else. logging into your MyChristie’s account by going to: www.christies.
due. VAT is payable on the buyer’s premium and, for some lots, VAT (h) In order to claim under the authenticity warranty, you must: com/mychristies. Details of the conditions and restrictions applicable
is payable on the hammer price. EU and UK VAT rules will apply on (i) give us written notice of your claim within five years of the date to credit card payments are available from our Post-Sale Services
the date of the sale. of the auction. We may require full details and supporting evidence Department, whose details are set out in paragraph (e) below.
Brexit: If the UK withdraws from the EU without an agreed transition of any such claim; If you pay for your purchase using a credit card issued outside the
deal relating to the import or export of property, then UK VAT rules (ii) at Christie’s option, we may require you to provide the written region of the sale, depending on the type of credit card and account
only will apply. If your purchased lot has not been shipped before opinions of two recognised experts in the field of the lot mutually you hold, the payment may incur a cross-border transaction fee. If you
the UK withdraws from the EU, your invoiced VAT position may agreed by you and us in advance confirming that the lot is not think this may apply to, you, please check with your credit card issuer
retrospectively change and additional import tariffs may be due on authentic. If we have any doubts, we reserve the right to obtain before making the payment.
your purchase if imported into the EU. Further information can be additional opinions at our expense; and Please note that for sales that permit online payment, certain
found in the ‘VAT Symbols and Explanation’ section of our catalogue. (iii) return the lot at your expense to the saleroom from which you transactions will be ineligible for credit card payment.
For lots Christie’s ships to the United States, sales or use tax may bought it in the condition it was in at the time of sale. (iii) Cash
be due on the hammer price, buyer’s premium and/or any other (i) Your only right under this authenticity warranty is to cancel the We accept cash subject to a maximum of £5,000 per buyer per year
charges related to the lot, regardless of the nationality or citizenship sale and receive a refund of the purchase price paid by you to us. at our Cashier’s Department Department only (subject to conditions).
of the purchaser. Christie’s will collect sales tax where legally required. We will not, in any circumstances, be required to pay you more than (iv) Banker’s draft
The applicable sales tax rate will be determined based upon the state, the purchase price nor will we be liable for any loss of profits or You must make these payable to Christie’s and there may be
county, or locale to which the lot will be shipped. Successful bidders business, loss of opportunity or value, expected savings or interest, conditions.
claiming an exemption from sales tax must provide appropriate costs, damages, other damages or expenses.
documentation to Christie’s prior to the release of the lot. For (v) Cheque
(j) Books. Where the lot is a book, we give an additional warranty You must make cheques payable to Christie’s. Cheques must be
shipments to those states for which Christie’s is not required to collect for 14 days from the date of the sale that if on collation any lot is
sales tax, a successful bidder may be required to remit use tax to that from accounts in pounds sterling from a United Kingdom bank.
defective in text or illustration, we will refund your purchase price,
state’s taxing authorities. Christie’s recommends you obtain your own (d) You must quote the sale number, lot number(s), your invoice
subject to the following terms:
independent tax advice with further questions. number and Christie’s client account number when making a
(a) This additional warranty does not apply to: payment. All payments sent by post must be sent to: Christie’s,
(i) the absence of blanks, half titles, tissue guards or advertisements, Cashiers Department, 8 King Street, St James’s, London, SW1Y 6QT.
3 ARTIST’S RESALE ROYALTY damage in respect of bindings, stains, spotting, marginal tears or other
In certain countries, local laws entitle the artist or the artist’s estate (e) For more information please contact our Post-Sale Service
defects not affecting completeness of the text or illustration; Department by phone on +44 (0)20 7752 3200 or fax on +44 (0)20
to a royalty known as ‘artist’s resale right’ when any lot created by (ii) drawings, autographs, letters or manuscripts, signed photographs,
the artist is sold. We identify these lots with the symbol λ next to 752 3300.
music, atlases, maps or periodicals;
the lot number. If these laws apply to a lot, you must pay us an
(iii) books not identified by title; 2. TRANSFERRING OWNERSHIP TO YOU
extra amount equal to the royalty. We will pay the royalty to the
appropriate authority on the seller’s behalf. (iv) lots sold without a printed estimate; You will not own the lot and ownership of the lot will not pass to you
The artist’s resale royalty applies if the hammer price of the lot is (v) books which are described in the catalogue as sold not subject until we have received full and clear payment of the purchase price,
1,000 euro or more. The total royalty for any lot cannot be more than to return; or even in circumstances where we have released the lot to the buyer.
12,500 euro. We work out the amount owed as follows: (vi) defects stated in any condition report or announced at the
Royalty for the portion of the hammer price time of sale. 3 TRANSFERRING RISK TO YOU
(in euros) (b) To make a claim under this paragraph you must give written The risk in and responsibility for the lot will transfer to you from
4% up to 50,000 details of the defect and return the lot to the sale room at which you whichever is the earlier of the following:
bought it in the same condition as at the time of sale, within 14 days (a) When you collect the lot; or
3% between 50,000.01 and 200,000
of the date of the sale.
1% between 200,000.01 and 350,000 (b) At the end of the 30th day following the date of the auction or, if
(k) South East Asian Modern and Contemporary Art and Chinese earlier, the date the lot is taken into care by a third party warehouse
0.50% between 350,000.01 and 500,000 Calligraphy and Painting.
over 500,000, the lower of 0.25% and 12,500 euro. as set out on the page headed ‘Storage and Collection’, unless we
In these categories, the authenticity warranty does not apply have agreed otherwise with you in writing.
We will work out the artist’s resale royalty using the euro to sterling rate because current scholarship does not permit the making of definitive
of exchange of the European Central Bank on the day of the auction. statements. Christie’s does, however, agree to cancel a sale in either
4 WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU DO NOT PAY
of these two categories of art where it has been proven the lot is a
E WARRANTIES forgery. Christie’s will refund to the original buyer the purchase price (a) If you fail to pay us the purchase price in full by the due date, we
in accordance with the terms of Christie’s authenticity warranty, will be entitled to do one or more of the following (as well as enforce
1 SELLER’S WARRANTIES our rights under paragraph F5 and any other rights or remedies we
For each lot, the seller gives a warranty that the seller: provided that the original buyer notifies us with full supporting
evidence documenting the forgery claim within twelve (12) months have by law):
(a) is the owner of the lot or a joint owner of the lot acting with the (i) to charge interest from the due date at a rate of 5% a year above the
of the date of the auction. Such evidence must be satisfactory to us
permission of the other co-owners or, if the seller is not the owner or UK Lloyds Bank base rate from time to time on the unpaid amount due;
that the lot is a forgery in accordance with paragraph E2(h)(ii) above
a joint owner of the lot, has the permission of the owner to sell the (ii) we can cancel the sale of the lot. If we do this, we may sell
and the lot must be returned to us in accordance with E2h(iii) above.
lot, or the right to do so in law; and the lot again, publicly or privately on such terms we shall think
Paragraphs E2(b), (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g) and (i) also apply to a claim
(b) has the right to transfer ownership of the lot to the buyer without under these categories. necessary or appropriate, in which case you must pay us any
any restrictions or claims by anyone else. shortfall between the purchase price and the proceeds from the
If either of the above warranties are incorrect, the seller shall not resale. You must also pay all costs, expenses, losses, damages and
3 YOUR WARRANTIES
have to pay more than the purchase price (as defined in paragraph legal fees we have to pay or may suffer and any shortfall in the
F1(a) below) paid by you to us. The seller will not be responsible to (a) You warrant that the funds used for settlement are not connected
seller’s commission on the resale;
you for any reason for loss of profits or business, expected savings, with any criminal activity, including tax evasion, and you are neither
under investigation, nor have you been charged with or convicted of (iii) we can pay the seller an amount up to the net proceeds payable
loss of opportunity or interest, costs, damages, other damages or in respect of the amount bid by your default in which case you
expenses. The seller gives no warranty in relation to any lot other money laundering, terrorist activities or other crimes.
acknowledge and understand that Christie’s will have all of the
than as set out above and, as far as the seller is allowed by law, all (b) where you are bidding on behalf of another person, you warrant
rights of the seller to pursue you for such amounts;
warranties from the seller to you, and all other obligations upon the that:
(iv) we can hold you legally responsible for the purchase price and
seller which may be added to this agreement by law, are excluded. (i) you have conducted appropriate customer due diligence on the
may begin legal proceedings to recover it together with other losses,
ultimate buyer(s) of the lot(s) in accordance with all applicable
interest, legal fees and costs as far as we are allowed by law;
2 OUR AUTHENTICITY WARRANTY anti-money laundering and sanctions laws, consent to us relying
on this due diligence, and you will retain for a period of not less (v) we can take what you owe us from any amounts which we or
We warrant, subject to the terms below, that the lots in our sales any company in the Christie’s Group may owe you (including any
than 5 years the documentation evidencing the due diligence. You
are authentic (our ‘authenticity warranty’). If, within five years of deposit or other part-payment which you have paid to us);
will make such documentation promptly available for immediate
the date of the auction, you give notice to us that your lot is not (vi) we can, at our option, reveal your identity and contact details to
inspection by an independent third-party auditor upon our written
authentic, subject to the terms below, we will refund the purchase the seller;
request to do so;
price paid by you. The meaning of authentic can be found in the (vii) we can reject at any future auction any bids made by or on
glossary at the end of these Conditions of Sale. The terms of the (ii) the arrangements between you and the ultimate buyer(s) in
relation to the lot or otherwise do not, in whole or in part, facilitate behalf of the buyer or to obtain a deposit from the buyer before
authenticity warranty are as follows: accepting any bids;
tax crimes;
(a) It will be honoured for claims notified within a period of five years (viii) to exercise all the rights and remedies of a person holding
from the date of the auction. After such time, we will not be obligated (iii) you do not know, and have no reason to suspect, that the funds
used for settlement are connected with, the proceeds of any criminal security over any property in our possession owned by you,
to honour the authenticity warranty. whether by way of pledge, security interest or in any other way
activity, including tax evasion, or that the ultimate buyer(s) are under
(b) It is given only for information shown in UPPERCASE type in the as permitted by the law of the place where such property is
investigation, or have been charged with or convicted of money
first line of the catalogue description (the ‘Heading’). It does not located. You will be deemed to have granted such security to us
laundering, terrorist activities or other crimes.
apply to any information other than in the Heading even if shown and we may retain such property as collateral security for your
in UPPERCASE type. obligations to us; and
(c) The authenticity warranty does not apply to any Heading or part of F PAYMENT
(ix) we can take any other action we see necessary or appropriate.
a Heading which is qualified. Qualified means limited by a clarification 1 HOW TO PAY
(b) If you owe money to us or to another Christie’s Group company,
in a lot’s catalogue description or by the use in a Heading of one of the (a) Immediately following the auction, you must pay the purchase we can use any amount you do pay, including any deposit or other
terms listed in the section titled Qualified Headings on the page of the price being: part-payment you have made to us, or which we owe you, to pay off
catalogue headed ‘Important Notices and Explanation of Cataloguing (i) the hammer price; and any amount you owe to us or another Christie’s Group company for
Practice’. For example, use of the term ‘ATTRIBUTED TO…’ in a (ii) the buyer’s premium; and any transaction.
Heading means that the lot is in Christie’s opinion probably a work by (iii) any amounts due under section D3 above; and (c) If you make payment in full after the due date, and we choose
the named artist but no warranty is provided that the lot is the work of
(iv) any duties, goods, sales, use, compensating or service tax or VAT. to accept such payment we may charge you storage and transport
the named artist. Please read the full list of Qualified Headings and a
Payment is due no later than by the end of the seventh calendar day costs from the date that is 30 calendar days following the auction
lot’s full catalogue description before bidding.
following the date of the auction (the ‘due date’). in accordance with paragraphs Gd(i) and (ii). In such circumstances
(d) The authenticity warranty applies to the Heading as amended paragraph Gd(iv) shall apply.
by any Saleroom Notice. (b) We will only accept payment from the registered bidder. Once
issued, we cannot change the buyer’s name on an invoice or re-issue
(e) The authenticity warranty does not apply where scholarship
the invoice in a different name. You must pay immediately even if 5 KEEPING YOUR PROPERTY
has developed since the auction leading to a change in generally
you want to export the lot and you need an export licence. If you owe money to us or to another Christie’s Group company,
accepted opinion. Further, it does not apply if the Heading either
matched the generally accepted opinion of experts at the date of the (c) You must pay for lots bought at Christie’s in the United Kingdom as well as the rights set out in F4 above, we can use or deal
sale or drew attention to any conflict of opinion. in the currency stated on the invoice in one of the following ways: with any of your property we hold or which is held by another
(i) Wire transfer Christie’s Group company in any way we are allowed to by law.
(f) The authenticity warranty does not apply if the lot can only be
You must make payments to: We will only release your property to you after you pay us or the
shown not to be authentic by a scientific process which, on the date
Lloyds Bank Plc, City Office, PO Box 217, 72 Lombard Street, London relevant Christie’s Group company in full for what you owe.
we published the catalogue, was not available or generally accepted
EC3P 3BT. Account number: 00172710, sort code: 30-00-02 Swift However, if we choose, we can also sell your property in any
for use, or which was unreasonably expensive or impractical, or
code: LOYDGB2LCTY. IBAN (international bank account number): way we think appropriate. We will use the proceeds of the sale
which was likely to have damaged the lot.
GB81 LOYD 3000 0200 1727 10.
111
against any amounts you owe us and we will pay any amount left (d) Lots of Iranian origin 5 TRANSFERRING YOUR RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
from that sale to you. If there is a shortfall, you must pay us any Some countries prohibit or restrict the purchase and/or import of You may not grant a security over or transfer your rights or
difference between the amount we have received from the sale Iranian-origin ‘works of conventional craftsmanship’ (works that are responsibilities under these terms on the contract of sale with the
and the amount you owe us. not by a recognised artist and/or that have a function, for example: buyer unless we have given our written permission. This agreement
carpets, bowls, ewers, tiles, ornamental boxes). For example, the USA will be binding on your successors or estate and anyone who takes
G COLLECTION AND STORAGE prohibits the import of this type of property and its purchase by US over your rights and responsibilities.
(a) You must collect purchased lots within thirty days from the persons (wherever located). Other countries only permit the import of
auction (but note that lots will not be released to you until you this property in certain circumstances. As a convenience to buyers, 6 TRANSLATIONS
have made full and clear payment of all amounts due to us). Christie’s indicates under the title of a lot if the lot originates from If we have provided a translation of this agreement, we will use this
Iran (Persia). It is your responsibility to ensure you do not bid on or original version in deciding any issues or disputes which arise under
(b) Information on collecting lots is set out on the Storage and import a lot in contravention of the sanctions or trade embargoes
Collection page and on an information sheet which you can get this agreement.
that apply to you.
from the bidder registration staff or Christie’s Post-Sale Services
Department on +44 (0)20 7752 3200. (e) Gold
7 PERSONAL INFORMATION
(c) If you do not collect any lot within thirty days following the auction Gold of less than 18ct does not qualify in all countries as ‘gold’ and
may be refused import into those countries as ‘gold’. We will hold and process your personal information and may pass
we can, at our option: it to another Christie’s Group company for use as described in, and
(i) charge you storage costs at the rates set out at www.christies. (f) Jewellery over 50 years old in line with, our privacy notice at www.christies.com/about-us/
com/storage. Under current laws, jewellery over 50 years old which is worth contact/privacy.
(ii) move the lot to another Christie’s location or an affiliate or third £39,219 or more will require an export licence which we can apply
party warehouse and charge you transport costs and administration for on your behalf. It may take up to eight weeks to obtain the export
jewellery licence. 8 WAIVER
fees for doing so and you will be subject to the third party storage No failure or delay to exercise any right or remedy provided under
warehouse’s standard terms and to pay for their standard fees (g) Watches
these Conditions of Sale shall constitute a waiver of that or any other
and costs. Many of the watches offered for sale in this catalogue are pictured right or remedy, nor shall it prevent or restrict the further exercise of
(iii) sell the lot in any commercially reasonable way we think appropriate. with straps made of endangered or protected animal materials such that or any other right or remedy. No single or partial exercise of such
(d) The Storage Conditions which can be found at www.christies. as alligator or crocodile. These lots are marked with the symbol ψ in right or remedy shall prevent or restrict the further exercise of that or
com/storage will apply. the catalogue. These endangered species straps are shown for display any other right or remedy.
purposes only and are not for sale. Christie’s will remove and retain the
strap prior to shipment from the sale site. At some sale sites, Christie’s
H TRANSPORT AND SHIPPING may, at its discretion, make the displayed endangered species strap 9 LAW AND DISPUTES
1 TRANSPORT AND SHIPPING available to the buyer of the lot free of charge if collected in person from This agreement, and any non-contractual obligations arising out of
We will enclose a transport and shipping form with each invoice sent the sale site within one year of the date of the sale. Please check with or in connection with this agreement, or any other rights you may
to you. You must make all transport and shipping arrangements. the department for details on a particular lot. have relating to the purchase of a lot will be governed by the laws
However, we can arrange to pack, transport and ship your property For all symbols and other markings referred to in paragraph H2, of England and Wales. Before we or you start any court proceedings
if you ask us to and pay the costs of doing so. We recommend that please note that lots are marked as a convenience to you, but we do (except in the limited circumstances where the dispute, controversy
you ask us for an estimate, especially for any large items or items not accept liability for errors or for failing to mark lots. or claim is related to proceedings brought by someone else and this
of high value that need professional packing before you bid. We dispute could be joined to those proceedings), we agree we will each
may also suggest other handlers, packers, transporters or experts if try to settle the dispute by mediation following the Centre for Effective
I OUR LIABILITY TO YOU Dispute Resolution (CEDR) Model Mediation Procedure. We will use a
you ask us to do so. For more information, please contact Christie’s
Art Transport on +44 (0)20 7839 9060. See the information set (a) We give no warranty in relation to any statement made, or mediator affiliated with CEDR who we and you agree to. If the dispute
out at www.christies.com/shipping or contact us at arttransport_ information given, by us or our representatives or employees, about is not settled by mediation, you agree for our benefit that the dispute
[email protected]. We will take reasonable care when we are any lot other than as set out in the authenticity warranty and, as will be referred to and dealt with exclusively in the courts of England
handling, packing, transporting and shipping a lot. However, if we far as we are allowed by law, all warranties and other terms which and Wales. However, we will have the right to bring proceedings
recommend another company for any of these purposes, we are not may be added to this agreement by law are excluded. The seller’s against you in any other court.
responsible for their acts, failure to act or neglect. warranties contained in paragraph E1 are their own and we do not
have any liability to you in relation to those warranties. 10 REPORTING ON WWW.CHRISTIES.COM
2 EXPORT AND IMPORT (b) (i) We are not responsible to you for any reason (whether for Details of all lots sold by us, including catalogue descriptions
breaking this agreement or any other matter relating to your and prices, may be reported on www.christies.com. Sales totals
Any lot sold at auction may be affected by laws on exports from purchase of, or bid for, any lot) other than in the event of fraud or
the country in which it is sold and the import restrictions of other are hammer price plus buyer’s premium and do not reflect costs,
fraudulent misrepresentation by us or other than as expressly set out financing fees, or application of buyer’s or seller’s credits. We regret
countries. Many countries require a declaration of export for property in these Conditions of Sale; or
leaving the country and/or an import declaration on entry of property that we cannot agree to requests to remove these details from www.
into the country. Local laws may prevent you from importing a lot or (ii) We do not give any representation, warranty or guarantee or christies.com.
may prevent you selling a lot in the country you import it into. We assume any liability of any kind in respect of any lot with regard
will not be obliged to cancel your purchase and refund the purchase to merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, description,
size, quality, condition, attribution, authenticity, rarity, importance, K GLOSSARY
price if your lot may not be exported, imported or it is seized for auctioneer: the individual auctioneer and/or Christie’s.
any reason by a government authority. It is your responsibility to medium, provenance, exhibition history, literature, or historical
relevance. Except as required by local law, any warranty of any kind authentic: a genuine example, rather than a copy or forgery of:
determine and satisfy the requirements of any applicable laws or
regulations relating to the export or import of any lot you purchase. is excluded by this paragraph. (i) the work of a particular artist, author or manufacturer, if the
(c) In particular, please be aware that our written and telephone lot is described in the Heading as the work of that artist, author or
(a) You alone are responsible for getting advice about and meeting
bidding services, Christie’s LIVE™, condition reports, currency manufacturer;
the requirements of any laws or regulations which apply to
exporting or importing any lot prior to bidding. If you are refused converter and saleroom video screens are free services and we are (ii) a work created within a particular period or culture, if the lot is
a licence or there is a delay in getting one, you must still pay not responsible to you for any error (human or otherwise), omission described in the Heading as a work created during that period or
us in full for the lot. We may be able to help you apply for the or breakdown in these services. culture;
appropriate licences if you ask us to and pay our fee for doing so. (d) We have no responsibility to any person other than a buyer in (iii) a work for a particular origin source if the lot is described in the
However, we cannot guarantee that you will get one. connection with the purchase of any lot. Heading as being of that origin or source; or
For more information, please contact Christie’s Art Transport (e) If, in spite of the terms in paragraphs (a) to (d) or E2(i) above, we (iv) in the case of gems, a work which is made of a particular
Department on +44 (0)20 7839 9060. See the information set out are found to be liable to you for any reason, we shall not have to material, if the lot is described in the Heading as being made of
at www.christies.com/shipping or contact us at arttransport_ pay more than the purchase price paid by you to us. We will not be that material.
[email protected]. responsible to you for any reason for loss of profits or business, loss authenticity warranty: the guarantee we give in this agreement that
(b) Lots made of protected species of opportunity or value, expected savings or interest, costs, damages, a lot is authentic as set out in section E2 of this agreement.
or expenses. buyer’s premium: the charge the buyer pays us along with the
Lots made of or including (regardless of the percentage) endangered
and other protected species of wildlife are marked with the symbol hammer price.
~ in the catalogue. This material includes, among other things, ivory, J OTHER TERMS catalogue description: the description of a lot in the catalogue for
tortoiseshell, crocodile skin, rhinoceros horn, whalebone, certain 1 OUR ABILITY TO CANCEL the auction, as amended by any saleroom notice.
species of coral, and Brazilian rosewood. You should check the In addition to the other rights of cancellation contained in this Christie’s Group: Christie’s International Plc, its subsidiaries and
relevant customs laws and regulations before bidding on any lot agreement, we can cancel a sale of a lot if: (i) any of your warranties other companies within its corporate group.
containing wildlife material if you plan to import the lot into another in paragraph E3 are not correct; (ii) we reasonably believe that condition: the physical condition of a lot.
country. Several countries refuse to allow you to import property completing the transaction is or may be unlawful; or (iii) we due date: has the meaning given to it in paragraph F1(a).
containing these materials, and some other countries require a reasonably believe that the sale places us or the seller under any estimate: the price range included in the catalogue or any saleroom
licence from the relevant regulatory agencies in the countries of liability to anyone else or may damage our reputation. notice within which we believe a lot may sell. Low estimate means
exportation as well as importation. In some cases, the lot can only the lower figure in the range and high estimate means the higher
be shipped with an independent scientific confirmation of species 2 RECORDINGS figure. The mid estimate is the midpoint between the two.
and/or age and you will need to obtain these at your own cost. If a We may videotape and record proceedings at any auction. We will hammer price: the amount of the highest bid the auctioneer
lot contains elephant ivory, or any other wildlife material that could keep any personal information confidential, except to the extent accepts for the sale of a lot.
be confused with elephant ivory (for example, mammoth ivory, disclosure is required by law. However, we may, through this process,
walrus ivory, helmeted hornbill ivory), please see further important Heading: has the meaning given to it in paragraph E2.
use or share these recordings with another Christie’s Group company lot: an item to be offered at auction (or two or more items to be
information in paragraph (c) if you are proposing to import the lot and marketing partners to analyse our customers and to help us to
into the USA. We will not be obliged to cancel your purchase and offered at auction as a group).
tailor our services for buyers. If you do not want to be videotaped, you
refund the purchase price if your lot may not be exported, imported other damages: any special, consequential, incidental or indirect
may make arrangements to make a telephone or written bid or bid on
or it is seized for any reason by a government authority. It is your damages of any kind or any damages which fall within the meaning
Christie’s LIVE™ instead. Unless we agree otherwise in writing, you
responsibility to determine and satisfy the requirements of any of ‘special’, ‘incidental’ or ‘consequential’ under local law.
may not videotape or record proceedings at any auction.
applicable laws or regulations relating to the export or import of purchase price: has the meaning given to it in paragraph F1(a).
property containing such protected or regulated material. provenance: the ownership history of a lot.
(c) US import ban on African elephant ivory 3 COPYRIGHT
qualified: has the meaning given to it in paragraph E2 and Qualified
The USA prohibits the import of ivory from the African elephant. We own the copyright in all images, illustrations and written material
Headings means the section headed Qualified Headings on the
Any lot containing elephant ivory or other wildlife material produced by or for us relating to a lot (including the contents of our
page of the catalogue headed ‘Important Notices and Explanation
that could be easily confused with elephant ivory (for example, catalogues unless otherwise noted in the catalogue). You cannot
of Cataloguing Practice’.
mammoth ivory, walrus ivory, helmeted hornbill ivory) can only use them without our prior written permission. We do not offer any
guarantee that you will gain any copyright or other reproduction reserve: the confidential amount below which we will not sell a lot.
be imported into the US with results of a rigorous scientific test saleroom notice: a written notice posted next to the lot in the
acceptable to Fish & Wildlife, which confirms that the material is rights to the lot.
saleroom and on www.christies.com, which is also read to prospective
not African elephant ivory. Where we have conducted such rigorous telephone bidders and notified to clients who have left commission
scientific testing on a lot prior to sale, we will make this clear in the 4 ENFORCING THIS AGREEMENT
bids, or an announcement made by the auctioneer either at the
lot description. In all other cases, we cannot confirm whether a lot If a court finds that any part of this agreement is not valid or is illegal beginning of the sale, or before a particular lot is auctioned.
contains African elephant ivory, and you will buy that lot at your or impossible to enforce, that part of the agreement will be treated
UPPER CASE type: means having all capital letters.
own risk and be responsible for any scientific test or other reports as being deleted and the rest of this agreement will not be affected.
warranty: a statement or representation in which the person making
required for import into the USA at your own cost. If such scientific
it guarantees that the facts set out in it are correct.
test is inconclusive or confirms the material is from the African
elephant, we will not be obliged to cancel your purchase and refund
the purchase price.
112 17/04/19
VAT SYMBOLS AND EXPLANATION
IMPORTANT NOTICE:
The VAT liability in force on the date of the sale will be the rules under which we invoice you.
BREXIT: If the UK withdraws from the EU without an agreed transition deal relating to the import and export of property, your invoiced VAT position may retrospectively change and additional
import tariffs may be due if you import your purchase into the EU. Christie's is unable to provide tax or financial advice to you and recommends you obtain your own independent tax advice.
You can find a glossary explaining the meanings of words coloured in bold on this page at the end of the section of the catalogue headed ‘Conditions of Sale’ VAT payable
Symbol
No We will use the VAT Margin Scheme. No VAT will be charged on the hammer price.
Symbol VAT at 20% will be added to the buyer’s premium but will not be shown separately on our invoice.
† We will invoice under standard VAT rules and VAT will be charged at 20% on both the hammer price and buyer’s premium and shown separately on our invoice.
θ For qualifying books only, no VAT is payable on the hammer price or the buyer’s premium.
These lots have been imported from outside the EU or, if the UK has withdrawn from the EU without an agreed transition deal, from outside of the UK for sale and placed
* under the Temporary Admission regime.
Import VAT is payable at 5% on the hammer price. VAT at 20% will be added to the buyer’s premium but will not be shown separately on our invoice.
These lots have been imported from outside the EU or, if the UK has withdrawn from the EU without an agreed transition deal, from outside of the UK for sale and placed
under the Temporary Admission regime.
Ω Customs Duty as applicable will be added to the hammer price and Import VAT at 20% will be charged on the Duty Inclusive hammer price.
VAT at 20% will be added to the buyer’s premium but will not be shown separately on our invoice.
The VAT treatment will depend on whether you have registered to bid with an EU address or, if the UK has withdrawn from the EU without an agreed transition deal, a
UK address or non-EU address:
α • If you register to bid with an address within the EU or UK (as applicable above) you will be invoiced under the VAT Margin Scheme (see No Symbol above).
• If you register to bid with an address outside of the EU or UK (as applicable above) you will be invoiced under standard VAT rules (see † symbol above)
For wine offered ‘in bond’ only. If you choose to buy the wine in bond no Excise Duty or Clearance VAT will be charged on the hammer.
‡ If you choose to buy the wine out of bond Excise Duty as applicable will be added to the hammer price and Clearance VAT at 20% will be charged on the
Duty inclusive hammer price. Whether you buy the wine in bond or out of bond, 20% VAT will be added to the buyer’s premium and shown on the invoice.
VAT refunds: what can I reclaim? If you are:
Non-VAT registered
UK buyer or Non-VAT
registered EU buyer (please
refer to the below category
if you are a Non-VAT No VAT refund is possible
registered EU buyer and
the UK has withdrawn from
the EU without an agreed
transition deal)
The VAT amount in the buyer’s premium cannot be refunded.

UK VAT registered No symbol
However, on request we can re-invoice you outside of the VAT Margin Scheme under normal UK VAT rules (as if the lot had
buyer and α
been sold with a † symbol). Subject to HMRC’s rules, you can then reclaim the VAT charged through your own VAT return.
Subject to HMRC’s rules, you can reclaim the Import VAT charged on the hammer price through your own VAT return when you are
in receipt of a C79 form issued by HMRC. The VAT amount in the buyer’s premium is invoiced under Margin Scheme rules so cannot
and Ω
* normally be claimed back. However, if you request to be re-invoiced outside of the Margin Scheme under standard VAT rules (as if the
lot had been sold with a † symbol) then, subject to HMRC’s rules, you can reclaim the VAT charged through your own VAT return.
EU VAT registered buyer

(please refer to the below The VAT amount in the buyer’s premium cannot be refunded. However, on request we can re-invoice you outside of the VAT Margin
category if the UK has No Symbol
Scheme under normal UK VAT rules (as if the lot had been sold with a † symbol).
withdrawn from the and α
EU without an agreed See below for the rules that would then apply.
transition deal)
If you provide us with your EU VAT number we will not charge VAT on the buyer’s premium. We will also refund the VAT on the
† hammer price if you ship the lot from the UK and provide us with proof of shipping, within three months of collection.
The VAT amount on the hammer price and in the buyer’s premium cannot be refunded.
However, on request we can re-invoice you outside of the VAT Margin Scheme under normal UK VAT rules
* and Ω (as if the lot had been sold with a † symbol).
See above for the rules that would then apply.
Non-EU buyer
or Non-VAT registered
EU buyer (if the UK has
withdrawn from the
EU without an agreed
transition deal) If you meet ALL of the conditions in notes 1 to 3 below we will refund the following tax charges:
or EU VAT registered
buyer (if the UK has
withdrawn from the
EU without an agreed
transition deal)
No Symbol We will refund the VAT amount in the buyer’s premium.
We will refund the VAT charged on the hammer price. VAT on the buyer’s premium can only be refunded if you are an overseas business.
† and α The VAT amount in the buyer’s premium cannot be refunded to non-trade clients.
No Excise Duty or Clearance VAT will be charged on the hammer price providing you export the wine while ‘in bond’ directly outside
the EU or, if the UK has withdrawn from the EU without an agreed transition deal, outside of the UK using an Excise authorised shipper.
‡ (wine only) VAT on the buyer’s premium can only be refunded if you are an overseas business.
The VAT amount in the buyer’s premium cannot be refunded to non-trade clients.
* and Ω
We will refund the Import VAT charged on the hammer price and the VAT amount in the buyer’s premium.
1. We CANNOT offer refunds buyer (as applicable) must: a ‘controlled export’ for * and you appoint Christie’s Shipping revised invoice charging you all from the date of sale. You
of VAT amounts or Import VAT (a) have registered to bid with Ω lots. All other lots must be Department to arrange your applicable taxes/charges. should take professional advice
to buyers who do not meet all an address outside of the EU exported within three months export/shipping. if you are unsure how this may
6. If you ask us to re-invoice
applicable conditions in full. If (prior to the UK withdrawing of collection. 5. If you appoint Christie’s affect you.
you under normal UK VAT
you are unsure whether you will from the EU without an agreed 4. Details of the documents Art Transport or one of our 7. All reinvoicing requests
rules (as if the lot had been
be entitled to a refund, please transition deal) or UK (after the which you must provide to us authorised shippers to arrange must be received within four
sold with a † symbol) instead
contact Client Services at the UK has withdrawn from the EU to show satisfactory proof of your export/shipping we will years from the date of sale.
of under the Margin Scheme
address below before you bid. without an agreed transition export/shipping are available issue you with an export invoice
the lot may become ineligible If you have any questions about
2. No VAT amounts or Import deal); and from our VAT team at the with the applicable VAT or
to be resold using the Margin VAT refunds please contact
VAT will be refunded where the address below. duties cancelled as outlined
(b) provide immediate proof Schemes. Prior to the UK Christie’s Client Services on
total refund is under £100. We charge a processing fee above. If you later cancel or
of correct export out of the EU withdrawing from the EU [email protected]
of £35.00 per invoice to check change the shipment in a
3. To receive a refund of or UK (as applicable pursuant without an agreed transition Tel: +44 (0)20 7389 2886.
shipping/export documents. We manner that infringes the rules
VAT amounts/Import VAT (as to (a) above within the required deal,. movement within the Fax: +44 (0)20 7839 1611.
will waive this processing fee if outlined above we will issue a
applicable) a non-EU or EU time frames of: 30 days via EU must be within 3 months
SYMBOLS USED IN THIS CATALOGUE
The meaning of words coloured in bold in this section can be found at the end of the section of the catalogue headed ‘Conditions of Sale’.
º ¤ ψ
Christie’s has a direct financial interest Bidding by interested parties. Lot incorporates material from
in the lot. See Important Notices and endangered species which is shown for
Explanation of Cataloguing Practice. λ display purposes only and is not for sale.
See Section H2(g) of the Conditions of Sale.
Δ Artist’s Resale Right. See Section D3 of
the Conditions of Sale.
Owned by Christie’s or another Christie’s †, *, Ω, α, ‡
Group company in whole or part. See • See VAT Symbols and Explanation.
Important Notices and Explanation of Lot offered without reserve which will be
Cataloguing Practice. sold to the highest bidder regardless of the ■
♦ pre-sale estimate in the catalogue. See Storage and Collection Page.
Christie’s has a direct financial interest in ∼
the lot and has funded all or part of our Lot incorporates material from
interest with the help of someone else. endangered species which could result
See Important Notices and Explanation of in export restrictions. See Section H2(b) of
Cataloguing Practice. the Conditions of Sale.
Please note that lots are marked as a convenience to you and we shall not be liable for any errors in, or failure to, mark a lot.
IMPORTANT NOTICES
CHRISTIE’S INTEREST IN PROPERTY ¤ Bidding by parties with an interest

CONSIGNED FOR AUCTION When a party with a direct or indirect interest in the lot
Δ Property Owned in part or in full by Christie’s who may have knowledge of the lot’s reserve or other
From time to time, Christie’s may offer a lot which it material information may be bidding on the lot, we will
owns in whole or in part. Such property is identified in the mark the lot with this symbol ¤. This interest can include
catalogue with the symbol Δ next to its lot number. Where beneficiaries of an estate that consigned the lot or a joint
Christie's has an ownership or financial interest in every owner of a lot. Any interested party that successfully
lot in the catalogue, Christie's will not designate each lot bids on a lot must comply with Christie’s Conditions of
with a symbol, but will state its interest in the front of the Sale, including paying the lot’s full Buyer’s Premium plus
catalogue. applicable taxes.
º Minimum Price Guarantees Post-catalogue notifications

On occasion, Christie’s has a direct financial interest in In certain instances, after the catalogue has been
the outcome of the sale of certain lots consigned for sale. published, Christie’s may enter into an arrangement or
This will usually be where it has guaranteed to the Seller become aware of bidding that would have required a
that whatever the outcome of the auction, the Seller will catalogue symbol. In those instances, a pre-sale or pre-lot
receive a minimum sale price for the work. This is known announcement will be made.
as a minimum price guarantee. Where Christie’s holds Other Arrangements
such financial interest we identify such lots with the Christie’s may enter into other arrangements not involving
symbol º next to the lot number. bids. These include arrangements where Christie’s has
º♦ Third Party Guarantees/Irrevocable bids given the Seller an Advance on the proceeds of sale of the
Where Christie’s has provided a Minimum Price Guarantee lot or where Christie’s has shared the risk of a guarantee
it is at risk of making a loss, which can be significant, if the with a partner without the partner being required to place
lot fails to sell. Christie’s therefore sometimes chooses to an irrevocable written bid or otherwise participating in
share that risk with a third party who agrees prior to the the bidding on the lot. Because such arrangements are
auction to place an irrevocable written bid on the lot. If unrelated to the bidding process they are not marked with
there are no other higher bids, the third party commits to a symbol in the catalogue.
buy the lot at the level of their irrevocable written bid. In
doing so, the third party takes on all or part of the risk of the Please see http://www.christies.com/ financial-interest/ for
lot not being sold. Lots which are subject to a third party a more detailed explanation of minimum price guarantees
guarantee arrangement are identified in the catalogue with and third party financing arrangements.
the symbol º♦.
BOOKS
In most cases, Christie’s compensates the third party in
exchange for accepting this risk. Where the third party is If, on collation, any named item in this catalogue proves
the successful bidder, the third party’s remuneration is defective in text or illustration, the lot may be returned
based on a fixed financing fee. If the third party is not the within 14 days of the sale with the defect stated in
successful bidder, the remuneration may either be based writing. This proviso shall not apply to defects stated
on a fixed fee or an amount calculated against the final in the catalogue or announced at the time of sale; nor
hammer price. The third party may also bid for the lot to the absence of blanks, half titles, tissue guards or
above the irrevocable written bid. Where the third party is advertisements, damage in respect of bindings, stains,
the successful bidder, Christie’s will report the purchase spotting, marginal tears, or other defects not affecting
price net of the fixed financing fee. completeness of text or illustration; nor to drawings,
autographs, letters or manuscripts, signed photographs,
Third party guarantors are required by us to disclose to music, atlases, maps or periodicals; nor to books not
anyone they are advising their financial interest in any identified by title; nor to lots sold without printed
lots they are guaranteeing. However, for the avoidance estimates or described in the catalogue as sold not
of any doubt, if you are advised by or bidding through an subject to return.
agent on a lot identified as being subject to a third party Buyers are advised to clear their lots within ten days of
guarantee you should always ask your agent to confirm the sale or storage charges will be incurred.
whether or not he or she has a financial interest in relation
to the lot. Please note the Conditions of Sale printed at the end of
this catalogue. 23/04/19
114
STORAGE AND COLLECTION
COLLECTION LOCATION AND TERMS COLLECTION AND CONTACT DETAILS

Specifed lots (sold and unsold) marked with a flled Lots will only be released on payment of all charges
square ( ■ ) not collected from Christie’s, 8 King due and on production of a Collection Form from
Street, London SW1Y 6QT by 5.00 pm on the day of Christie’s. Charges may be paid in advance or at the
the sale will, at our option, be removed to Christie’s time of collection. We may charge fees for storage if
Park Royal (details below). Christie’s will inform you your lot is not collected within thirty days from the
if the lot has been sent ofsite. sale. Please see paragraph G of the Conditions of
Sale for further detail.
If the lot is transferred to Christie’s Park Royal, it
will be available for collection from 12.00 pm on the Tel: +44 (0)20 7839 9060
second business day following the sale. Email: [email protected]
Please call Christie’s Client Service 24 hours in

advance to book a collection time at Christie’s Park SHIPPING AND DELIVERY
Royal. All collections from Christie’s Park Royal will Christie’s Post-Sale Service can organise local
be by pre-booked appointment only. deliveries or international freight. Please contact
them on +44 (0)20 7752 3200 or PostSaleUK@
Tel: +44 (0)20 7839 9060 christies.com.
Email: [email protected].
If the lot remains at Christie’s, 8 King Street, it will

be available for collection on any working day (not
weekends) from 9.00 am to 5.00 pm.
CHRISTIE’S PARK ROYAL

Unit 7, Central Park
Acton Lane
London NW10 7FY
Vehicle access via Central Park only.
COLLECTION FROM
CHRISTIE’S PARK ROYAL
Please note that the opening hours for
Christie’s Park Royal are Monday to Friday
9.00am to 5.00pm and lots transferred are
not available for collection at weekends.
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15/08/18 115
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DEGREE PROGRAMMES | CONTINUING EDUCATION | ONLINE COURSES
WRITTEN BIDS FORM
CHRISTIE’S LONDON
THE HISTORY OF WESTERN SCRIPT: WRITTEN BIDS MUST BE RECEIVED AT LEAST 24 HOURS BEFORE THE AUCTION BEGINS.
THE SCHOYEN COLLECTION CHRISTIE’S WILL CONFIRM ALL BIDS RECEIVED BY FAX BY RETURN FAX. IF YOU HAVE NOT
RECEIVED CONFIRMATION WITHIN ONE BUSINESS DAY, PLEASE CONTACT THE BID DEPARTMENT:
TUESDAY 10 JULY AT 10.30 AM TEL: +44 (0)20 7389 2658 • FAX: +44 (0)20 7930 8870 • ON-LINE WWW.CHRISTIES.COM
8 King Street, St. James’s, London SW1Y 6QT

CODE NAME: SCHOYEN
18152
Client Number (if applicable) Sale Number
SALE NUMBER: 18152
(Dealers billing name and address must agree with tax exemption
certificate. Once issued, we cannot change the buyer’s name on an Billing Name (please print)
invoice or re-issue the invoice in a different name.)
BID ONLINE FOR THIS SALE AT CHRISTIES.COM Address
BIDDING INCREMENTS Postcode

Bidding generally starts below the low estimate and
increases in steps (bid increments) of up to 10 per cent.
The auctioneer will decide where the bidding should start Daytime Telephone Evening Telephone
and the bid increments. Written bids that do not conform
to the increments set below may be lowered to the next
Fax (Important) E-mail
bidding interval.
Please tick if you prefer not to receive information about our upcoming sales by e-mail
UK£100 to UK£2,000 by UK£100s
I have read and understood this written bid form and the Conditions of Sale - Buyer’s Agreement
UK£2,000 to UK£3,000 by UK£200s
UK£3,000 to UK£5,000 by UK£200, 500, 800
(eg UK£4,200, 4,500, 4,800) Signature
UK£5,000 to UK£10,000 by UK£500s

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UK£50,000 to UK£100,000 by UK£5,000s
If you are registering to bid on behalf of someone who has not previously bid or consigned with
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you are bidding, together with a signed letter of authorisation from that party. New clients, clients
Above UK£200,000 at auctioneer’s discretion
who have not made a purchase from any Christie’s office within the last two years, and those
wishing to spend more than on previous occasions will be asked to supply a bank reference. We
The auctioneer may vary the increments during the also request that you complete the section below with your bank details:
course of the auction at his or her own discretion.
1. I request Christie’s to bid on the stated lots up to the
maximum bid I have indicated for each lot.
Name of Bank(s)
2. I understand that if my bid is successful, the amount
payable will be the sum of the hammer price and the
buyer’s premium (together with any taxes chargeable Address of Bank(s)
on the hammer price and buyer’s premium and any
applicable Artist’s Resale Royalty in accordance with the
Conditions of Sale - Buyer’s Agreement). The buyer’s Account Number(s)
premium rate shall be an amount equal to 25% of the
hammer price of each lot up to and including £225,000,
20% on any amount over £225,000 up to and including Name of Account Officer(s)
£3,000,000 and 13.5% of the amount above £3,000,000.
For wine and cigars there is a flat rate of 22.5% of the
Bank Telephone Number
hammer price of each lot sold.
3. I agree to be bound by the Conditions of Sale printed
in the catalogue. PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY
4. I understand that if Christie’s receive written bids on a Lot number Maximum Bid £ Lot number Maximum Bid £
lot for identical amounts and at the auction these are the (in numerical order) (excluding buyer’s premium) (in numerical order) (excluding buyer’s premium)
highest bids on the lot, Christie’s will sell the lot to the
bidder whose written bid it received and accepted first.
5. Written bids submitted on ‘no reserve’ lots will, in the
absence of a higher bid, be executed at approximately 50%
of the low estimate or at the amount of the bid if it is less
than 50% of the low estimate.
I understand that Christie’s written bid service is a free
service provided for clients and that, while Christie’s will
be as careful as it reasonably can be, Christie’s will not
be liable for any problems with this service or loss or
damage arising from circumstances beyond Christie’s
reasonable control.
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Please quote number below:
18/01/19
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Pedro Girao, Chairman,
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24/05/19
8 KING STREET ST. JAMES’S LONDON SW1Y 6QT

The History of Western Script Important Antiquities and Manuscripts From The Schøyen Collection

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The History of Western Script Important Antiquities and Manuscripts From The Schøyen Collection

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THE HISTORY OF WESTERN SCRIPT

IMPORTANT ANTIQUITIES AND MANUSCRIPTS

8 King Street, St. James’s

AUCTION CODE AND NUMBER CONDITIONS OF SALE

These auctions feature

Margaret Ford Karl Hermanns

Thomas Venning Christina Geiger Adrien Legendre James Hyslop

INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENTS & SALES CALENDAR

12 JUNE 2019 9 JULY 2019 10 JULY 2019 18 JULY 2019

Eugenio Donadoni ABSENTEE AND

LOTS OF IRANIAN/PERSIAN ORIGIN

49 x 76 mm. The obverse with 21 cases of text, the reverse uninscribed.

(2) Schøyen Collection, MS 234.

57 x 41 mm. With 21 lines of text on obverse and reverse.

(2) Schøyen Collection, MS 1686.

The obverse translates as: The reverse translates as:

(2) Antiquities; Christie's, London, 7 July 1993, lot 38.

(3) Schøyen Collection, MS 1700.

(2) H.P. Kraus, 1989, sold to:

(3) Schøyen Collection, MS 244/1.

A rare, fragmentary, survival of an early vellum biblical codex written in

(2) Schøyen Collection, MS 44.

(3) Private collection, Berlin (1929).

(4) D. MacLaren, sold at:

(5) Sotheby’s 12 April 1954, lot 302, purchased by:

(6) Dr Otto Fisher, Detroit.

(7) H.P. Kraus, ‘Monumenta Codicum Manuscriptorum’ (1974), no 2.

(8) H.P. Kraus cat. 165 (1983), no 28.

(9) Schøyen Collection, MS 36.

Text and script:

(4) Sam Fogg Rare Books Ltd.

(5) Schøyen Collection, MS 2007.

(3) Schøyen Collection, MS 1858/1.

(4) Bernard Rosenthal, February 1989, sold to:

(5) Schøyen Collection, MS 206.

(3) Schøyen Collection, MS 267.

Text and script:

(2) Schøyen Collection, MS 705.

(2) Bernard Quaritch, London, September 1994.

(3) Schøyen Collection, MS 1921.

THE TARLTON HOARD

(4) Schoyen Collection, MS 1720/1-8. (2) Schøyen Collection, MS 1720/1-8.

[et] educam uos de

(7) Winsor T. Savery, Houston, Texas.

(8) Schøyen Collection, MS 46.

E. Dekkers, Clavis Patrum Latinorum, 1961, no 1965.

R. Gryson, Altlateinische Handschriften, I, Freiburg, 1999, pp.267-269.

A fne, confdent example of Alemannic minuscule.

(2) Heinrich Rosenthal, Lucerne. Sold in October 1959 to:

(4) Quaritch, Bookhands V, cat.1147 (1991), no 3 (as ‘Commentary on Joel’).

(5) Schøyen Collection, MS 618.

carni. Unde nunc praesens lec-

Two leaves written in asomatavruli, the oldest Georgian script

(2) Sam Fogg Rare Ltd., London.

(3) Schøyen Collection, MS 1600.

(2) Quaritch, Bookhands III, cat.1088 (1988), no 12.

(3) Schøyen Collection, MS 73.

(3) Bernard Rosenthal: his ‘I/144’ and ‘I/163’ respectively.

(5) Schøyen Collection, MS 54.