RVR & JC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ME304(315) IC ENGINES & GAS TURBINES
HOME ASSIGNMENT - 4 A.Y: 2018-19
UNIT V GAS TURBINES, JET & ROCKET PROPULSION
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

(A) GAS TURBINES

1. What are the limitations of gas turbines?
2. What do you mean by the term gas turbine? How are gas turbines classified?
3. What happen if pressure ratio increased in gas turbine cycle with regeneration?
4. What are possible modifications in gas turbine cycle?
5. How gas turbines are classified?
6. Write two advantages of gas turbines over I.C. Engines.
7. Differentiate between open cycle and closed cycle gas turbine.
8. What is meant by regeneration.
9. List out the methods of improving efficiency of gas turbine.
10. Advantages and limitations of closed cycle gas turbines.
11. Write short note on Brayton cycle?
12. What is the difference between open and closed cycle gas turbine?
13. Draw the T-S diagram of an open cycle gas turbine?
14. Define work ratio?
15. Define turbine efficiency.
16. What is meant by Inter cooling in a gas turbines?
17. What are the limitations of gas turbines?
18. What is the effect of inter cooling?
19. What do you mean by reheating?
20. Write the equation for compressor efficiency of gas turbine?
21. What are the uses of gas turbines?
22. Explain open cycle gas turbine?
23. Isentropic efficiency for turbine?
24. Draw a sketch of Closed Brayton Cycle with reheating only?
25. List out the effect of thermodynamic variables on the performance of simple gas turbine
cycle.
26. Draw the diagram and indicate the main components of the closed cycle gas turbine?
27. What is meant by Augumentation of power in gas turbines?
28. What is isomerization? (OUT OFF SYLLABUS)

MAIN THEORY QUESTIONS FROM GAS TURBINES

1. Explain the working of closed cycle gas turbine with a suitable schematic diagram.
2. What are the assumptions made in analysis of Brayton cycle? Derive efficiency of constant
pressure closed cycle gas turbine
3. Explain open cycle gas turbine with neat sketch.

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4. Compare the closed cycle gas turbine and open cycle gas turbine.
5. Distinguish between closed cycle gas turbine with open cycle gas turbine.
6. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of an open cycle gas turbine with closed cycle gas
turbine.
7. What is inter cooling? Explain the gas turbine with intercooling with a neat sketch.
8. Explain the concept of regeneration in open cycle gas turbine.
9. Explain the differences between gas turbine and IC engines.
10. Explain the closed cycle gas turbine and write down the methods to increase the thermal
efficiency of the gas turbine plant.
11. Draw a sketch of gas turbine system with intercooling reheating and regeneration. Explain
various processes using T-S plot.
12. Derive efficiency of gas turbine cycle with inter cooling and regeneration.
13. With neat sketches explain various methods to improve the efficiencies of a open cycle gas
turbine cycle.
14. Explain the effect of thermodynamic variable curves on simple gas turbine plant.
15. Explain what are closed and semi-closed cycles with their relative merits and demerits.
16. Derive the equation for work ratio and thermal efficiency of closed cycle gas turbine.
17. What are the different types of gas turbine fuels?
18. Compare the working processes in reciprocating I.C engine and gas turbine
19. Describe with the neat sketches the working of a simple constant pressure open cycle gas
turbine. How does the actual cycle differ from the theoretical one?
20. Discuss the means of improving the specific output and the thermal efficiency of the simple
open cycle gas turbine plant.
21. What are the different types of gas turbine fuels.
22. Write short notes on fuels used for gas turbines.
23. Explain the types of gas turbines with neat sketches.
24. Discuss briefly the methods employed for improvement of thermal efficiency of open cycle gas
turbine plant.
OUT OFF SCOPE QUESTIONS
16. Explain in detail the effect of friction on gas turbines.
17. What are the main types of gas turbine combustion chamber? Discuss their relative merits and
demerits.
18. Distinguish between constant pressure combustion chamber and constant volume combustion
chamber.
19. What is cogeneration? Explain one type of combined cycle gas turbine.
PROBLEMS FROM GAS TURBINES
1. Air is drawn in a gas turbine at 150C and 1.01 bar and pressure ratio is 7:1. The compressor is
driven by the H.P. turbine and L.P. turbine drives a separate power shaft. The isentropic
efficiencies of compressor and the H.P. and L.P. turbines are 0.82, 0.85 and 0.85
respectively. If the max cycle temp is 6100C, calculate
(A)The pressure and temperature of the gases entering the power turbine
(B) The net power developed by the unit per kg/s mass flow
(C) The thermal efficiency of the unit
Neglect the mass of fuel and assume the following
For compression process Cpa = 1.005 kJ/kg K and r = 1.4.
For combustion and comparison process average g = 1.15 kJ/kg and r = 1.333. (Apri’ 05)
2. The pressure ratio of an open cycle gas turbine power plant is 5.6. Air is taken at 30 C and 1
bar. The compression is carried out in two stages with perfect inter cooling in between. The
maximum temperature of the cycle is limited to 700 C. Assuming the isentropic efficiency of
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 each compressor stage as 85 % and that of turbine as 90 %. Determine the power
developed and efficiency of the power plant, if the air flow is 1.2 kg/s, the mass of the fuel
may be neglected and it may be assumed that Cp = 1.02 kJ/kgK and k = 1.41 (Oct’ 06 NR)
3. The simple gas turbine plant operates on Joule cycle and has the pressure ratio 6 and the
maximum and minimum temperatures of the cycle are 1000 K and 288 K respectively.
Assume an ideal cycle, calculate the efficiency and specific work output of the plant
(April’ 07 OR)
4. A simple open type gas turbine plant consists of compressor, combustion chamber and
turbine. The pressure and temperature at the inlet of compressor are 1 bar and 15 0 C and
the inlet of the turbine are 5 bar and 6500C. Compressor isentropic efficiency is 82%.
Turbine’s isentropic efficiency is 86% mechanical and combustion efficiencies are 90% and
98%. Assuming Cpa = 1 kJ/kg-0K, Cpg = 1.2 kJ/kg0K and r= 1.4 for air and 1.334 for gases. Find
(1) The thermal efficiency and
(2) Work ratio of the cycle. If a regenerator of 65% effectiveness is introduced in the
cycle, with a pressure loss 0.2 bar to air side or well as gas side, find the percentage
increase in the thermal efficiency of the cycle. (Apr/May 2007 NR)
0
5. Air is drawn in a gas turbine at 15 C and 1 bar and pressure ratio is 6:1. The compressor is
driven by H.P. turbine and L.P. turbine drives to produce power. The maximum cycle
temperature is 6100C, calculate
(1) The pressure and temperature of the gases entering the power turbine.
(2) The net power developed by the unit per kg/s mass flow.
(3) The thermal efficiency of the unit. Assume the data if necessary. (Oct/Nov 2007 OR)
6. In a gas turbine plant, the compressor takes the air at 1 bar and 300 k and compressed to 4
bar. Heat is added in combustion chamber to raise the temperature to 833 k. The calorific
value of the fuel oil is 42000 kJ/kg. The air flow rate is 1.25 kg/sec. The isentropic efficiencies
of compressor and turbine are 85% and 83% respectively. Assume index for compression as
1.4 and Cp = 1.0 kJ/kg k and index for expansion as 1.32 and Cp = 1.05 kJ/kg k. Calculate the
thermal efficiency. (Oct/Nov 2007 NR)
7. In a gas turbine, hot combustion products with specific heats Cp = 0.98 kJ/kgK and Cv = 0.7538
kJ/kgK enter the turbine at 20 bar, 1500 K and exit at 1 bar. Isentropic efficiency of turbine is
94%. What is the work developed by the turbine/kg of gas flow? (Mar/Apr ‘08 NR)
0
8. (a). A gas turbine draws in atmospheric air at 1.013 bar and 15 C. There are two pressure
stages with intercooler and the total pressure ratio is 8:1. The maximum temperature of the
cycle is 5930C and there is 1 turbine for expansion. A generator is used and recovers 60% of
the available heat. Determine the efficiency and the ratio of the useful work to turbine
work. The machine isentropic efficiency may be taken as 0.86 and 0.83 for the turbine and
the compressor respectively.
(b). An open cycle gas turbine plant works between the pressure range of 1.01 bar and 6 bar
and temperature range of 300 K and 1023 K. The calorific value of the fuel is 41,800 kJ/kg.
Find (1) Air fuel ratio (2) Thermal efficiency of the plant (3)Power developed if flow rate of
air is 10 kg/s. Isentropic efficiency of compression and expansion is 80% and there is
pressure loss of 0.15 bar in the combustion chamber. (Oct/Nov 2008 OR)
9. In a constant pressure open cycle gas turbine, air enters at 1 bar and 200C and leaves the
compressor at 5 bar. Using the following data: temperature of gases entering the turbine =
6800C, pressure loss in the combustion chamber = 0.1 bar, η compressor = 85%, ηturbine = 80%,
η combustion = 85%, γ = 1.4 and Cp = 1.024 KJ/KgK for air and gas. Find
(1) The quantity of air circulation if the plant develops 1065 kW
(2) Heat supplied per kg of air circulation and
(3) The thermal efficiency of the cycle. Mass of the fuel may be neglected. (Nov’ 08 NR)
0
10. In gas turbine plant working on Brayton cycle the air at the inlet is at 27 C and 0.1 MPa. The

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 pressure ratio is 6.25, and the maximum temperature is 800 oC, the turbine and compressor
efficiencies are each 80%. Find
(i) the compressor work done per kg of air,
(ii) the turbine work done per kg of air,
(iii) heat supplied per kg of air,
(iv) the cycle efficiency, and
(v) the turbine exhaust temperature. (Mar/Apr 2009NR)
11. In a gas turbine plant, the air is compressed in a single stage compressor from 1 bar to 9 bar
and from an initial temperature of 300 K The same air is then heated to a temperature of
800 K and then expanded in the second turbine. Find the maximum power that can be
obtained from the installation, if the mass of air circulated per second is 2 kg. Take Cp =
1.006 kJ/kg C for air. (Oct/Nov 2009 OR)
12. A gas turbine unit has a pressure has a pressure ratio of 6:1 and maximum cycle
temperature of 610 C. The isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine are 0.8
and 0.82 respectively. Calculate the power output in kW of an electric generator geared to
the turbine, when the air enters the compressor at 15 C at the rate of 16 kg/s. Take C p=
1.005 kJ/kgK and k = 1.4 for the compression process and take Cp = 1.11 kJ/kgK and k =
1.333 for the expansion process. (April’ 11 OR), (Nov’ 13 CR, Nov’ 14 R-12, Nov’ 15 CR)
13. In a gas turbine, air at 15 C in compressed from 1.01 bar through a pressure ratio of 6:1,
after which it is heated to a temperature of 750 C. It is then expanded in a turbine to 1.01
bar. Assume the following :
Isentropic efficiency of compressor = 0.8
Isentropic efficiency of turbine= 0.85
Cp for air and combustion products = 1.005 kJ/Kg K
Ratio of specific heats = 1.4
Calculate the cycle efficiency and the work ratio. ` (Mar/Apr 2011 NR)
14. A gas turbine takes in air at 27°C and bar. The pressure ratio is 4 and the maximum
temperature in the cycle is 560° C. The compressor and the turbine efficiencies are 0.83 and
0.85 respectively. Determine the overall efficiency if the regenerator effectiveness is 0.75.
(Mar/Apr 2011 RR )
15. The air enters the compressor of an open cycle constant pressure gas turbine at a pressure
of 1 bar and temperature of 20°C. The pressure of the air after the compression is 4 bar.
The isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine are 80% and 85% respectively. The air
fuel ratio used is 90:1. If flow rate of air is 3 kg/s, find
(i) Power developed
(ii) Thermal efficiency of the cycle.
Assume Cp = 1 kJ/kg K and r = 1.4 of air and gas. Calorific value of fuel = 41800 kJ/kg.
(Oct 2011 RR)
16. (a). In a gas turbine plant, air is compressed from 1 bar and 15°C through a pressure ratio
of 4:1. It is then heated to 650°C in a combustion chamber and expanded back to
atmospheric pressure of 1 bar in a turbine. Calculate the cycle efficiency and work ratio if a
perfect heat exchanger is used. The isentropic efficiencies of the turbine and compressor
are 85% and 80% respectively.
(b). A gas turbine takes in air at 27°C and 1 bar. The pressure ratio is 4 and the
maximum temperature in the cycle is 500°C then expanded to 1 bar. The compressor
and turbine efficiencies are 0.83 and 0.85 respectively. Determine the overall efficiency
of the cycle. (Mar/Apr 2012 RR)
17. The air enters the compressor of an open cycle constant pressure gas turbine at a pressure
of 1 bar and temperature of 20 C . The pressure of air after compressor is 4 bar. The
isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine is 80 % and 85%. The A/F ratio is 90:1.

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 The flow rate of air is 3 kg/s. Find (i) Power developed (ii) Thermal efficiency of the cycle;
Assume Cp = 1 kJ/kg K , Υ = 1.4 for air and gases. Calorific value of fuel is 41800 kJ/kg.
(Oct’ 12 RR)
18. A gas turbine unit receives air at 100 kPa and 340 K and compresses it adiabatically to 650
kPa with efficiency of the compressor 88%. The fuel has a heating value of 45000 kJ/kg
and the fuel/air ratio is 0.018. The turbine internal efficiency is 92 %. Calculate the
compressor work, turbine work and thermal efficiency. (Mar’ 13 RR)
19. In a gas turbine plant, working on a Brayton cycle with a regenerator of 75 %
effectiveness, the air at inlet to the compressor is at 1 bar and 30 C. Pressure ratio is 6 ,
maximum cycle temperature is 900 C. If the turbine and compressor have each an
efficiency of 80 %, find the percentage increase in cycle efficiency due to regeneration.
( NOV’ 13 CR)
20. In an open cycle constant pressure gas turbine air enters the compressor at 1.02 bar and 27
C. The pressure of air after the compression is 4.08 bar. The isentropic efficiencies of
compressor and turbine are 80 % and 85 % respectively. The A/F ratio used is 80:1. Find
the I.P and thermal efficiency of the cycle for a flow rate of air as 2.5 kg/s. Take C p= 1
kJ/kg and k=1.4 for air and gases. C.V of fuel used = 41720 kJ/kg. (April’ 14 RR, Oct’ 14 CR,
RR)
21. A gas turbine takes in air at 27°C and 1 bar. The pressure ratio is 4 and the
maximum temperature in the cycle is 560°C. The compressor and turbine efficiencies are
0.83 and 0.85 respectively. Determine the overall efficiency if the regenerator
effectiveness is 0.75 (Nov’ 14 R-12)
22. In a gas turbine unit comprising L.P and H.P. compressors, air is taken at 1.01 bar and 270C.
Compression in L.P. stage is up to 3.03 bar followed by intercooling to 30 0C. The pressure
of air after H.P. Compressor is 5.87 bar. Loss in pressure during intercooliing is 0.13 bar. Air
from H.P. Compressor is transferred to heat exchanger of effectiveness 0.6 where it is
heated by gases from L.P. turbine. The temperature of gases supplied to H.P. Turbine is
7500C. The gases expand in H.P. Turbine to 3.25 bar and are then reheated to 7000C
before expanding in L.P. Turbine. The loss of pressure in reheater is 0.1 bar. If the
isentropic efficiency of the compressor and turbine are 0.8 and 0.85, calculate (i) Overall
efficiency (ii) mass flow rate when gas power generated is 6500 kW. Neglect the mass of
fuel. Take Cp and γ of air as 1.005 kJ/kgK and 1.4 and that of gases as 1.15 kJ/kgK and 1.3.
(Oct’ 15 R-12), (April’ 16 R-12)
23. In a gas turbine power plant working on Brayton cycle, the air properties at inlet to the
compressor are 0.1 MPa and 300C. The pressure ratio is 6 and the maximum temperature of
the cycle is 9000C. If the turbine and compressor efficiencies are 85 % and 80% respectively,
determine the cycle efficiency. (April’ 16 RR)
24. In a gas turbine the compressor is driven by the high pressure turbine. The exhaust from
the high pressure turbine goes to a free low pressure turbine which runs the load. The air
flow rate is 20 kg/s and the minimum and maximum temperatures are respectively 300 K
and 1000 K. The compressor pressure ratio is 4. Calculate the pressure ratio of the low
pressure turbine and the temperature of exhaust gases from the unit. The compressor and
turbine are isentropic. Cp of air and exhaust gases = 1 kJ/kgK and γ = 1.4 Nov’ 16 R-12, Nov’
17 R-12, Feb’18 R-12
25. Find the required air-fuel ratio in a gas turbine whose turbine and compressor efficiencies
are 85% and 80% respectively. Maximum cycle temperature is 875 C. The working fluid can
be taken as air(Cp and γ of air as 1.005 kJ/kgK and 1.4) which enters the compressor at 1 bar
and 27C. The pressure ratio is 4. The fuel used has C.V of 42000 kJ/kg Feb’ 17 R-12

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 (B) JET & ROCKET PROPULSION

1. State the fundamental difference between the jet propulsion and rocket propulstion.
2. What is Rocket propulsion?
3. How rockets are classified?
4. Write the basic principle of jet propulsion.
5. What is the principle of ram jet engine.
6. Define specific thrust and propulsive efficiency?
7. Define propulsive efficiency?
8. Write the expression for thrust power?
9. What is thermal efficiency of jet engine?
10. Overall efficiency of jet engine?
11. State the application of jet engine?
12. What is ram jet?
13. What is Pulse jet?
14. What is meant by thrust augmentation for turbo jet engine?
15. Why gas turbines cannot be used for rocket propulsion?
16. What is the Principle of rocket propulsion?
17. What are Limitations of rocket propulsion?
18. What are different Types of rocket propulsion?
19. What are the requirements of an ideal rocket propellant?
20. Name any three types of rocket propellants?
21. What are different Types of fuels used in rockets?
22. Define Lift and drag on aero foils?
23. Requirements and application of rockets.

MAIN THEORY QUESTIONS FROM JET & ROCKET PROPULSION

1. Briefly explain the principle of jet propulsion? Classify propulsion systems.
2. Explain with sketch turbojet engine, and also explain its working.
3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a turbo jet engine.
4. What are the main components of a gas turbine engine used for turbojet aircrafts? Show the
various processes occurring in the engine on a T-s diagram.
5. What is after burning in turbojet engines, explain briefly with an aid of a diagram.
6. Explain the turbo propeller engine.
7. Explain with a neat sketch the function of Ramjet
8. Explain with a neat sketch construction and working of a pulse jet engine. What are its merits
and demerits over other jet systems?
9. Explain the working differences between turbo prop, turbo jet and turbo fan.
10. Explain the following terms (i) specific thrust (ii) propulsive efficiency (iii) over all efficiency of a
jet engine.
11. Derive the equation for overall efficiency of a jet engine.
12. State the fundamental differences between jet propulsion and rocket propulsion.
13. Discuss the concept of rocket propulsion system? What are the propellants used in rocket
propulsion.
14. Explain the types of rocket propulsion systems
15. With a neat diagram describe ideal liquid propellant rocket.
16. Explain briefly (i) Monopropellants (ii) Hypergolic propellants (iii) Bipropellants.
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17. Explain the following: (a) Specific thrust of jet propulsion (ii) Rocket propulsion on space
applications.
18. Write notes on rocket propulsion, propellant in rockets, classification of rockets.
19. How a forward motion of an aircraft achieved in an aircraft and how does the aircraft lifts off
from the ground?
20. Explain the Rocket propulsion with neat sketches?
21. With a neat sketch classify and explain about chemical rockets ( OUT OFF SYLLABUS)
22. With neat sketches explain about nuclear propulsion ( OUT OFF SYLLABUS)
23. (a). What are different types of jet engines and write short note on pulse jet and ram jet
engine.
(b). Derive thrust equations for a jet engine and rocket engine.
24. (a). What is meant by mono propellant and bi-propellant fuels for rockets. Give examples of
each type. What is the main difference in the application of a monopropellant and a bi
propellant rocket engines.
25. With the help of T-S diagram describe the working of turbojet engine.
26. Explain the classification of rocket engines.
27. How does a turbo prop engine differ from turbo fan engine?
28. Explain single stage liquid propellant rocket engine.
29. What is a ram jet? Explain the working of a ram jet with neat sketch?
30. Explain the construction and working of (i) solid propellant rocket (ii) liquid propellant rocket.
31. What are cryogenic propellants, state advantages and disadvantages of cryogenic propellants?
(OUT OFF SYLLABUS)
32. What is meant by mono propellant and bi propellant fuels for rockets? Give examples of each
type. What is the main difference in the application of a mono propellant and bi propellant
rocket engines?
33. Derive the equations for thrust power and thermal efficiency of a turbojet engine.
34. Explain the parameters affecting the flight performance.
35. Explain the working of solid propellant rocket with a neat sketch.
36. With a neat sketch describe the working principle of a jet engine.
37. Explain the working of liquid propellant rocket with a neat sketch.
38. Explain the working of a pulse jet with a neat sketch and give the advantages.
39. What are the requirements and applications of an ideal rocket propellant?
40. Explain with a simple sketch construction and working of rocket propulsion system.
41. Derive an expression for propulsive and overall thermal efficiency of a jet engine.

PROBLEMS FROM JET ENGINES & ROCKET PROPULSION

1. The compressor of a turbojet engine operates at a pressure ratio of 4.5 and handles 30 kg of air
per sec. The inlet temperature is 0 c. and compressor efficiency is 80 %. The air/fuel ratio is 60%.
(a) find the power required to drive the compressor. (b) If the efficiency of the turbine is 85 % and
the burner outlet temperature is 850 C find the pressure and temperature on the discharge side of
the Turbine. (c) If the gases expand through a nozzle to 1 atm what is jet velocity. (d) what is the
thrust if air speed is 200 m/s. (e) what is propulsive efficiency. (July’ 92)
2. The data pertaining to a stationary jet propulsion unit is as follows:
Ambient conditions are 15 C and 1 kgf/cm2 pressure ratio = 4.5:1, Maximum cycle
temperature = 1000 K. 𝜂𝑐 = 75 % 𝜂𝑡 =80 % and mechanical transmission efficiency = 0.98. For a
mass flow of 25 kg/s, calculate the specific thrust and thrust horse power. April’ 03 ME313
3. A jet propulsion unit uses 35 kg of air per second when flying at a speed of 800 km/hr. The air is
compressed from 15 C and 1 atm to 4 atm. The temperature of air entering and leaving the turbine
are 815 C and 650 C and then it enters the nozzle. Assuming compression and expansion follows
isentropic processes and nozzle efficiency is 90 %. Neglecting the running action and fuel mass,
7
determine (i) Power required to run compressor (ii) Thrust produced and propulsive efficiency.
(Oct’ 04 )
4. In a jet propulsion unit air is drawn into the rotary compressor at 15 C and 1.01 bar and
delivered at 4.04 bar. The isentropic efficiency of compression is 82 % and the compression is un-
cooled. After delivery the air is heated at constant pressure unti the temperature reaches 750 C.
The air then passes through a turbine unit which drives the compressor only and has an isentropic
efficiency of 78% before passing through the nozzle and expanding to atmospheric pressure of 1.01
bar with an efficiency of 88%. Neglecting any mass increase due to the weight of the fuel and
assuming that R and γ are unchanged by combustion, determine
(i) The power required to drive the compressor (ii) The air fuel ratio if the fuel has a calorific value
of 42000 kJ/kg (iii) The pressure of the gases leaving the turbine (iv) The thrust per kg of air per
second Neglect any effect of the velocity of approach. Assume for air R=0.287 kJ/kgK γ=1.4
(April’ 05 )
5. A turbo jet engine flying at a speed of 960 km/hr consumes air at the rate of 54.5 kg/sec.
Calculate (i) Exit velocity of jet when the enthalpy change for nozzle is 200 kJ/kg and the velocity
coefficient is 0.97 (ii) fuel flow rate in kg/sec when the air fuel ratio is 75:1 (iii) Thrust specific fuel
consumption (iv) Propulsive power (v) Propulsive efficiency. (April’ 07 OR), ( Oct’ 06 NR)
6. In a jet propulsion cycle air enters the compressor at 1 bar and 15 C, the pressure leaving the
compressor is 5 bar and the maximum temperature is 900 C. The air expands in the turbine to such
a pressure that the turbine work in just equal to the compressor work. On leaving the turbine the
air expands in a reversible adiabatic process in a nozzle to 1 bar. Calculate the velocity of the air
leaving the nozzle. Take Cp= 1.0035 kJ/kg K and γ= 1.4 for compression and expansion processes.
(Oct’ 07 NR)
7 The effective jet exit velocity from a rocket is 2500m/s. The forward flight velocity is 1250 m/s
and the propellant consumption is 60 kg/s. Calculate (i) Thrust (ii) thrust horsepower and (iii)
propulsive efficiency. (Oct’ 09 OR)
8. A turbo jet engine consumes air at the rate of 80 kg/s when flying at a speed of 1500 km/hr.
Calculate (i) Fuel flow rate in kg/s, when air fuel ratio is 60:1 (ii) Propulsive power (iii) Propulsive
efficiency. Assume enthalpy change for nozzle as 500 kJ/kg and Cv = 0.97 (Mar’13RR)
9. A turbo jet engine consumes air at the rate of 60.2 kg/s when flying at a speed of 1000 km/hr.
Calculate (i) exit velocity of the jet when enthalpy change for the nozzle is 230 kJ/kg and velocity
coefficient is 0.96. (ii) Fuel flow rate in kg/s, when air fuel ratio is 70:1 and (iii) thrust specific fuel
consumption. (April’15 CR)
R.V.R. & J.C.COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, GUNTUR – 19(Autonomous)
III/IV B.TECH. (MECH) 2004-2005 ME313 THERMODYNAMICS – III
PROBLEMS ON GAS TURBINES & JET PROPULSION
( OLD HOME ASSIGNMENT )
01. In a gas turbine plant, air enters the compressor at 1.0 kgf/cm 2 and 288oK. The pressure ratio is
5.0. The temperature at the turbine inlet is 1073 oK, the mass flow rate of air is 10 kg/sec.
Determine (i) compressor and turbine works, (ii) thermal efficiency of the plant and (iii) the net
power developed by the plant. (June89)
2 o
02. In a gas turbine cycle, the intake pressure is 1 kgf/cm and temperature is 27 C. Pressure ratio
is 4:1. The maximum temperature of cycle is 827oC. Assuming adiabatic efficiency of
compressor to be 0.82 and that of turbine 0.88 find the efficiency of cycle (I) without
regeneration and (ii) with a regenerator having 75% effectiveness. Take Cp for air = 0.238, Cp for
gases = 0.26, r for air = 1.4 and ‘r’ for gases = 1.32. (Dec,89)
03. The pressure ratio across the compressor of an air standard Brayton cycle is 4. Inlet conditions
are 1 bar and 27oC. The maximum temperature is limited to 800oC. If the air flow rate is 10 kg/s
determine the compression work, turbine work and thermal efficiency of the cycle. What will
be the change in thermal efficiency if an ideal regenerator is incorporated in the cycle.(Nov.90).
8
04. A Brayton cycle operates with air entering the compressor at a pressure of 1 bar and a
temperature of 27oC. Pressure ratio = 5 and the maximum permissible temperature in the cycle
is 800oC. Determine the thermal efficiency. What would be the percentage improvement in
thermal efficiency if a regenerator of 75% effectiveness is adopted. (July91)
o
05. A gas turbine cycle takes in air at 27 C and 1 bar and has a pressure ratio of 4. Maximum
permissible temperature at the blades is = 580oC. If the compressor and turbine efficiencies are
83% and 85 respectively and if a regenerator with 50% efficiency is used, determine the
thermal efficiency of the unit. (Feb.92)
o
06. A gas turbine cycle takes in air at 27 C and 1 atm and compresses to 4.2 atm. If the maximum
temperature of the cycle is 650oC and the compressor and turbine efficiencies are 85% and
87% respectively, determine the thermal efficiency of the plant. The regenerator efficiency
may be taken as 60%. (Jan.93)
07. A closed cycle gas turbine unit, using air as the working fluid, has a 2 stage compressor with
perfect inter cooling and 2 stage turbine with reheat. The pressure and temperature of inlet to
the first stage compressor are 1.5 bar and 20oC. The maximum cycle pressure and temperature
are 6 bar and 750oC, the gases are reheated to 750oC. Taking the compressor and turbine
efficiencies as 82% find (a) the cycle thermal efficiency, (b) fluid circulated for an output of 400
kW. (Mar.94)
08. A gas turbine plant works between the fixed absolute temperature limits 300 K and 900 K, the
absolute pressure limits being 1 bar and 4 bar. The isentropic efficiency of compressor is 0.8
and that of turbine is 0.85. Estimate the actual thermal efficiency of the plant and power
available for driving external load if the fuel consumption is 1 kg/s and calorific value of the fuel
is 4200 kJ/kg. (Sep94)
09. A gas turbine power generating set has two turbines, one turbine drives the compressor and
the other the generator. Air intake is at 27oC and 1 bar and the pressure ratio is 6.0. The
maximum temperature in the cycle is 1050oK. The pressure ratio for both the turbines is 6. Part
of the hot gases from the combustion chamber passes through the turbine driving the
compressor. Calculate (I) the power output of the turbine driving the generator, (ii) the amount
of gas passing through the compressor turbine and (iii) the thermal efficiency of the plant. The
compressor and the turbines have an isentropic efficiency of 0.82 and the total gas flow is 150
kg/s. Sketch the process on the T-s diagram. (Mar.95)
10. A gas turbine power plant operates over a pressure ratio of 4:1. Air enters the compressor at 1
bar and 20oC. The maximum temperature in the cycle is 925oC. The isentropic efficiency of
compressor and turbine are respectively 80% and 85%. Calorific value of the fuel used – 41,840
kJ/kg. Calculate (I) work ratio, (ii) S.F.C. and (iii) thermal efficiency (Oct.95)
11. The following data apply to a gas turbine set employing a heat exchanger. Isentropic efficiency
of compressor -7.5% isentropic efficiency of turbine=85%, heat exchanger effectiveness = 75%,
mass flow=22.7 kg/sec, max.cycle temperature=1000 K, the ambient air temperature and
pressure are 15oC and 1.01 bar respectively. C.V. of fuel =43125 kJ/kg. Calculate (i) net power
output and (ii) thermal efficiency of the cycle. (Mar.96)
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12. A gas turbine draws in air at 1 bar and temperature 15 C and compresses to 5 bar. Air enters
the turbine at 815oC and expands to atmospheric pressure 1 bar. The adiabatic efficiency of
compressor is 83%. The adiabatic efficiency of turbine is 92%. Effectiveness of regenerator is
65%. Determine (I) the ratio of turbine work to compressor work and (ii) overall efficiency of
the unit. (Jul’ 96)
13. A gas turbine installation consists of a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine. Air is
taken in at 1 bar and 22oC and is compressed to 4.2 bars with an isentropic efficiency of 85%.
Heat is added by the fuel combustion in the combustion chamber to raise the temperature to
570oC. The efficiency of turbine is 82%. The calorific value of fuel used is 41, 840 kJ/kg.
Calculate for an air flow of 82 kg/m. (I) the air fuel ratio of the turbine gases, (ii) final

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 temperature of exhaust gases, (iii) the net power of installation (iv) overall thermal efficiency of
installations. Take Cp for air= 1.005 kJ/kgoK and Cp for gases = 1.06 kJ/kg oK and the ratio of
specific heats for air as 1.4 and for gases 1.32. (Nov.96)
14. In a constant pressure open cycle gas turbine air enters at 1 bar and 20 oC and leaves the
compressor at 5 bar. Using the following data: Temperature of gases entering the turbine is
680oC. Pressure loss in the combustion chamber=0.1 bar, compressor efficiency = 85%, Turbine
efficiency = 80%, combustion efficiency = 85%, r=1.4, and Cp = 1.024 kJ/kgoK for air and gas.
Find (I) the quantity of air circulation if the plant develops 1065 kW. (ii) Heat supplied per kg of
air circulation, (iii) the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Mass of fuel may be neglected. (Apr.97)
15. In a gas turbine plant working on Brayton cycle the air at inlet is 27oC and 1 bar. The pressure
ratio is 6 and maximum temperature of cycle is 800oC. Isentropic efficiency of the compressor
and turbine are 0.8 and 0.85 respectively. Find (I) compressor work, (ii) turbine work, (iii) work
ratio, (iv) thermal efficiency. (Apr.97)
16. A gas turbine power plant uses 2 kg of air/sec and operates at a pressure ratio of 4:1, the air
enters the compressor at 15oC and turbine at 1000oK. Assuming isentropic efficiency for
compressor and turbine as 0.85 and 0.86 ; mechanical efficiency as 0.98 and combustion
efficiency as 0.97. Determine the net shaft horse power of the plant and over all efficiency.
(Dec.97)
17. A gas turbine plant works in temperature limits of 300oK and 900oK and the pressure limits are
1 bar and 4 bar. The internal efficiency of the compressor is 0.8 and that of the turbine is 0.85.
Estimate the thermal the thermal efficiency of the plant and the power available in kilowatts if
the air consumption is 1. Kg/s. The heating value of the fuel is42,000 kJ/kg. (Mar98)(Dec’ 02)
18. Determine the efficiency of a gas turbine plant fitted with a heat exchanger of 75%
effectiveness. The pressure ratio is 4:1 and the compression is carried out in two stages of
equal pressure ratio with inter cooling back to initial pressure of 290 oK. The maximum
temperature is 925oK. The turbine isentropic efficiency is 88% and each compressor isentropic
efficiency 85%. air = 1.4 Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg. (Sep98) (Sep’ 2000)
19. In a gas turbine plant working on Brayton cycle the air at inlet is 28 oC and 1.5 bar. The pressure
ratio is 6 and maximum temperature of the cycle is 900oC. Isentropic efficiency of the
compressor and turbine are 75% and 82% respectively. Find (I) the compressor work, (ii)
turbine work, (iii) work ratio, (iv) thermal efficiency. (Sep98)
20. In a closed cycle gas turbine there is a two stage compressor and a two stage turbine. The
pressure and temperature at the inlet of the first stage compressor are 1.5 bar and 20 oC. The
maximum cycle temperature and pressure are 750oC and 6 bar. A perfect inter cooler is used
between the two stage compressor and a heater is used between the two turbines. Gases are
heated in the re-heater to 750oC before entering into the LP turbine. Assume compressor and
turbine efficiencies as 0.82. Calculate (a) the efficiency of the cycle with a regenerator whose
effectiveness is 0.70. (b) The mass of the fluid circulated if the power developed by the plant is
350 kW. For air r=1.4, Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K. (Mar’99)
21. A gas turbine unit has a pressure ratio of 6:1 and maximum cycle temperature of 610oC. The
isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine are 0.8 and 0.82 respectively. Calculate
the power output in kW of an electric generator geared to the turbine when the air enters the
compressor at 15oC at the rate of 16kg/S.Take Cp=1.005 kJ/kg K and r=1.4 for the compression
process and take Cp=1.11 kJ/kgoK and r=1.33 for the expansion process. (Sep 99)
22. o
A gas turbine compressor draws air at 1 bar and 30 C and compresses to 4 bar. The turbine
inlet temperature is 1000 K. The isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine are 85%
and90% respectively. Determine the efficiency of the gas turbine plant & work-ratio. (Mar’ 00)
23. A gas turbine plant works between fixed absolute temperature limits 300oK and 900oK, the
absolute pressures being 1.05 bar and 4.20 bars. The isentropic efficiency of the compressor is
0.80 and that of the turbine is 0.85.
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 Estimate the actual thermal efficiency of the plant and the power available for driving an
external load if the fuel consumption is 0.45 kg per sec. take the following values as constants :
 for air and combustion products = 1.4 ; Cp for air and products = 1.005 kJ/kgoK. calorific value
of the fuel =40 MJ/kg. (Mar.01)
24. In an open circuit gas turbine plant air is compressed from a temperature of 15 oC in an axial
flow compressor, the pressure ratio being 4:1 and the isentropic efficiency of compression is
0.84. The air is then split into two streams which flow to separate combustion chambers in
which the temperature of air is raised to 650oC. The products of one combustion chamber
expand in a turbine whose power is just sufficient to drive the compressor and the isentropic
efficiency of this turbine is 0.88. the products of other combustion chamber expands in a
power turbine of isentropic efficiency 0.85 which drives an alternator of efficiency 0.95.
Estimate (a) ratio of air which passes through the power turbine to the total air compressed (b)
the rate at which the air is compressed ; (c) thermal efficiency of the plant when the output of
the alternator is 4000 kW. Neglect the mass of fuel and mechanical losses. Assume C p of air is
equal to Cp of combustion products in combustion chamber and turbine. (June.01)
25. In a gas turbine plant working on Brayton cycle, the temperature and pressure conditions of
inlet air are 28oC and 1.5 bar respectively. The pressure ratio is 6 and the maximum
temperature of the cycle is 900oC. Isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine are
75% and 82% respectively. Calculate (i) the compressor work, (ii) turbine work ; (iii) work ratio
and (iv) thermal efficiency. (Sep.01)
26. A simple constant pressure gas turbine operates at a pressure ratio of 5:1 and the turbine inlet
temperature is 580oC. The air inlet temperature is 15oC and the pressure atmospheric and the
compressor has insentropic efficiency 0.80. What must be the isentropic efficiency of the
turbine in order that the overall cycle efficiency may be 18%? Assume C p for air to be 1.00 and
Cp for combustion gases 1.096. Take R to be 0.287 kJ/kg K for both air and combustion gases.
(Sep.02)
27. An gas turbine plant receives ir at 1 kgf/cm and 290 C K and compresses it to 5 kgf/cm2. If the
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temperature of air after compression is 1000 K, find the thermal efficiency of the turbine. Take
 for air as 1.4. (Mar/Apr.03)
28. A constant pressure open cycle gas turbine plant works between temperature range of 15oC
and 700oC and pressure ratio of 6. Find he mass of air circulating in the installation, if it
develops 15000 h.p. Also find the heat supplied by the heating chamber. (Apr/May.03)
29. A gas turbine plant delivers 1500 kW when operating under falling conditions compressor inlet
temperature and pressure = 1 bar and 18oC, c=0.85. Conditions at turbine inlet = 4 bar and
600oC,  of plant = 20%. Estimate the isentropic efficiency of turbine and mass flow rate of air.
(Oct/Nov.03)
30. An open cycle gas turbine plant works between the pressure range of 1 ata and 6 ata and
temperature range of 300oK and 1023oK. The c.v. of fuel used is 42000 kJ/kg.Find the following:
(i) A : F ratio (ii) thermal efficiency of the plant and (iii) kW generating capacity of the plant if
the flow of air is 10 kg/sec. (Apr.04)
31. In an air standard gas turbine engine, air at a temperature of 15 oC and pressure of 1.01 bar
enter the compressor, where it is compressed through a pressure ratio of 5. Air enters the
turbine at a temperature of 815oC and expands to original pressure of 1.01 bar. Determine the
ratio of turbine work to compressor work and the thermal efficiency when operates on ideal
Joule’s cycle. (Apr/May.04)

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