Leukemia PDF
Leukemia PDF
Leukemia PDF
It is a group of malignant
disorder, affecting the blood and
blood –forming tissue of the bone
marrow lymph system and spleen.
The word Leukemia comes from
the Greek leukos which means
"white" and aima which means
"blood".
The stem cells are committed to
produce specific types of blood
cells. Lymphoid stem cells produce
either T or B lymphocytes.
Myeloid stem cells differentiate
into three broad cell types:
RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
Function of the bone marrow
The bone marrow is found in the inside of
bones. The marrow in the large bones of
adults produces blood cells. Approximately
4% of our total bodyweight consists of bone
marrow.
Pathophysiology
It arising from a single lymphoid stem cell, with
impaired maturation and accumulation of the
malignant cells in the bone marrow.
Acute lymphatic leukaemia Cont.
Signs and symptoms
Anaemia, bleeding, lymphadenopathy, infection
Clinical manifestation Clinical manifestation
Fever Weakness
Pallor Bone, joint and
Bleeding abdominal pain
Increase intracranial
Anorexia
press.
Fatigue
Generalized lymphadenopathy
Infection of respiratory tract
Anaemia and bleeding of mucus
membrane
Weight lossa
Mouth sore
Acute lymphatic leukaemia Cont.
Diagnosis
Low RBCs count, Hb, Hct, low platelet count , low
normal or high WBC count.
Blood smear show immature lymph blasts.
Treatment
Chemotherapeutic agent, it involve three phases
1. Induction: Using vincristine and prednisone.
2. Consolidation: Using modified course of
intensive therapy to eradicate any remaining.
3. Maintenance
Acute lymphatic leukaemia Cont.
Treatment Cont.
Prophylactic treatment of the CNS
, intrathecal administration and /or
craniospinal radiation with eradicate
leukemic cells.
Management
I. Persons are treated only when symptoms, particular
anaemia , thrombocytopenia , enlarged lymph
nodes and spleen appear.
watchful waiting,
chemotherapy,
targeted therapy,
radiation therapy, and
stem cell transplant.
The choice of treatment depends
mainly on the following:
Psychosocial
Social
Spiritual
Delayed effects
Support groups
CONCLUSION