Sciencedirect: The Role of Sexual Behavior in The Transmission of Hiv and Aids in Adolescent in Coastal Area
Sciencedirect: The Role of Sexual Behavior in The Transmission of Hiv and Aids in Adolescent in Coastal Area
Sciencedirect: The Role of Sexual Behavior in The Transmission of Hiv and Aids in Adolescent in Coastal Area
com
ScienceDirect
Procedia Environmental Sciences 23 (2015) 99 – 104
(ICTCRED 2014)
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the role of sexual behavior in the transmission of HIV/AIDS in adolescents in coastal areas.
This study is quantitative research with observational methods using crossectional approach. The study population was
adolescents in high school aged 15-18 years. The sample of the research was chosen by random sampling at 200 students. Data
collected is analized by quantitative methodes with univariat analysis and narative explanation. Results showed that the
adolescents knowledge related to HIV / AIDS in the coastal areas is high and the attitudes of HIV / AIDS is in the category
adequate, it was not guarantee that they have save behaviour, which 15% of students had sexual intercourse, 6% of them using
condom, only 7% of students had sexual intercourse with a girlfriend/boyfriend, 2% of students had sexual intercourse with
prostitutes, and there are 5% of students had sexual intercourse with more than one person, there are 47% of students had
masturbation, and 5% of students had STIs symptoms.
©2015
© 2014TheTheAuthors.
Authors. Published
Published by Elsevier
by Elsevier B.V. B.V.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
Peer-review under responsibility of scientific committee of the ICTCRED 2014.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of scientific committee of the ICTCRED 2014
Keywords: risky sexual behavior, adolescents, STI and HIV/AIDS, coastal area
1. Introduction
One of the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals 2015, the 6th goal there are several indicators
to be achieved, one of which is the percentage of people aged 15-24 who have comprehensive knowledge of HIV /
AIDS to 95%. At the time of HIV & AIDS is a concern because of the increased number of events that continue to
grow over time, especially in the adolescent age group. The fact that 57.8% of the AIDS cases that occurred in 2006
involving adolescent and young people aged 15-29 years were significantly shows that this group is specifically very
vulnerable to HIV [1]
1878-0296 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of scientific committee of the ICTCRED 2014
doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2015.01.015
100 Dewi Rokhmah and Khoiron / Procedia Environmental Sciences 23 (2015) 99 – 104
Adolescents or young people according to the United Nation are all people aged 10 to 24 years.
Adolescents or young people are always want to know, quickly bored with the routine, enjoy group activities, and
tend to follow their peers. Santrock (2007) revealed that adolescents (adolescene) is defined as a transitional
developmental period between childhood and adulthood that include changes in biological, cognitive, and social-
emotional. This resulted in teenager's easy to fall to promiscuity, drug abuse, fights and even criminal acts. These
conditions can not be denied is closely related to the impact of technology flows among adolescents which is getting
easy to access to pornography accompanied by an increase in unsafe sex behavior (free-sex) and injecting drug use
that getting widespread. [2]
In the spread of HIV / AIDS there is an interesting phenomenon associated with the high cases in the
coastal zone. The coastal zone has the potential to be used as a transit point for shipping, marine products trading,
and other business activities, including commercial sexual transactions. So the mobility in the area is high, including
in the context of transmission and spread of HIV / AIDS. In Indonesia, amount of the society in coastal area as
traditional fisherman is included as low income population.This is the same result with the research which the title
is The Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection in Low-Income Urban Populations in Coastal Peru
showed that In the socially marginalized population, Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) prevalence was 72.3%
in men who have sex only with men (MSOM), 42.5% in women, and 20.7% in men. In the general population,
HSV-2 prevalence was 20.5% in women and 7.1% in men. In all groups except the male general population, HSV-2
prevalence increased with age or number of sexually active years. HSV-2 infection was associated with HIV
infection in MSOM and other socially marginalized men [3]. Puger subdistrict Jember District is a region in the
southern area which is a coastal areas. The same with another place in developing country, the coastal area has
amount of community in low income. Worldwide, societal shifts and behavioural patterns exacerbated by unique
developmental vulnerabilities create a confluence of factors that place today’s adolescents at heightened risks for
poor health outcomes [4]. Unsafe sex is the second most important risk factor for disability and death in the world’s
poorest communities and the ninth most important in developed countries [5].
In Puger subdistrict there is a limestone mountain that supply the main materials for Puger Cement Factory.
Beside that Puger has marine potential in form of fish and tourism. For fish potential, Puger is the only subdistricts
in Jember that become the center of marine fisheries. While there are 2 beach tourism potential that is managed by
the district government and the PT. Perkebunan Nusantara X region. As the center of economic activity and tourism,
Puger region has become a destination for migrants from outside the region and from abroad. The workers in Puger
Cement many originating from Korea and Thailand. On the other hand, the flow of information technologies
through media such as television, mobile phones and the Internet also have an impact on people's behavior patterns
in Puger, including adolescents. Permissive lifestyle that allows promiscuity can lead to increase the risk behaviors
that lead to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV and AIDS. Meanwhile "taboo" cultural to
discuss issues of sexuality and reproductive health in the family and society is still very attached. This is reinforced
by the presence of the biggest ex-localization in Jember was in the Puger subdistrict. Although the Jember
government has closed the Puger localization since 2007, but the practice of illegal prostitution still mostly found in
the ex localization and some found in dimly lit stalls adjacent to residential areas.
The southern region of Jember District is the red zone of the spread of HIV / AIDS. This means that in the
south there is a 5 subdistricts as the largest contributor to the discovery of cases of HIV and AIDS, which includes:
the Puger, Gumukmas, Kencong Wuluhan and Ambulu subdistrict. Recent data reported by KPAD Jember Month
December 2013 states that the number of HIV and AIDS in Jember reach 1115, where Puger subdistrict ranked first
with HIV and AIDS cases reached 161, with the highest risk factor of heterosexual. By age group, that is included in
the adolescent category at the age of 14-24 people reached 213 cases [6].
According to the conditions mentioned above, the researcher is interested in conducting research on how
the sexual behavior of adolescents in the coastal areas of Puger subdistrict that have risk of HIV and AIDS infection.
2. Method
This study is quantitative research with observational methods using crossectional approach. This research
aimed to analyze how risky sexual behavior in transmission of HIV/AIDS in adolescents in coastal areas in the
Dewi Rokhmah and Khoiron / Procedia Environmental Sciences 23 (2015) 99 – 104 101
Puger subdistrict Jember district. Independent variable of the research are individual charactaristic, and dependent
variable is behaviour in the transmission of HIV/AIDS in adolescent in coastal area in Puger subdistrict in Jember
district. The place of the research is in the coastal area in Jember district at September-Desember 2013. The study
population was adolescents in high school in the region of Puger subdistrict aged 15-18 years. The sample of the
research was chosen by random sampling at 200 students. Based on the gender of the respondents there are 137 male
students (68.5%), and 63 female students (31.5%). The data collected is analized by quantitative methodes with
univariat analysis and narative explanation.
The results showed that adolescents knowledge related to HIV / AIDS in the coastal areas is high at an
average of 85%. While knowledge of the symptoms of HIV / AIDS is in the category adequate with an average of
65%. At the research which the title is A Controlled-Study of Preventive Effects of Peer Education and Single-
Session Lectures on HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes among University Students in Turkey showed that
Statistical analyses reveal significant differences in knowledge and attitudes, personal behavior, and awareness of
HIV/AIDS [7]. Knowledge is an important part in the formation of behavior. Behavior that is based on knowledge
will be more lasting than the behavior that is not based on knowledge [8]. Knowledge is the antecedent of the
behavior that provides the primary reason or motivation for the behavior [9]. Knowledge about HIV / AIDS of the
respondents is quite high because they get information from electronic media such as the Internet. Because most of
the students already have a mobile phone. Parents who have children in adolescents age are considered adults and
were given mobile phones as a means of communication.
High level of knowledge about HIV and AIDS is very important for the respondent to have a positive
attitude to prevent risky behaviors that can transmit HIV & AIDS. The attitude is the willingness or readiness to
behave [8]. In terms of attitude, average of adolescents has a positive attitude towards prevention and testing for
HIV / AIDS from an early age by 60%. With the high adolescents knowledge about HIV / AIDS and how to prevent
it, will improve behavior of adolescents to avoid behaviors that lead to HIV infection and AIDS. Knowledge and
attitudes of adolescents towards HIV & AIDS and its prevention is an important part in the lives of adolescents in
taking the decision to behave safely (no risk of being infected with HIV and AIDS). It is like Widyastari research
which states that media exposure is not influential, but an adolescents attitude that encourages a more permissive
102 Dewi Rokhmah and Khoiron / Procedia Environmental Sciences 23 (2015) 99 – 104
aspects aloner, (2) there is still a notion that sexuality is a taboo to be given at school, (3) the sexuality education has
not looked at the importance of aspects of gender relations and rights of adolescents in adolescent reproductive and
sexual health [24]. Research indicates that current programs often do not match the needs and health-seeking
behaviours of young people. Behavioral theories and expert opinion agree that adolescents must be taught generic
and health-specific skill necessary for adopting healthy behaviors. Constraints on financial and human resources,
coupled with the great size of the youth population, highlight the need to find less costly ways to reach young people
[25].
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