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    Bharata Teaching

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    The document discusses the four main goals or pursuits of life in Hinduism known as puruṣārthas - dharma, artha, kāma, and mokṣa. It explains that these goals correspond to the four stages of life and the four main castes in Hindu society. The Bhagavad Gita outlines three main paths or yogas to attain mokṣa - karma yoga through selfless action, bhakti yoga through loving devotion to God, and jnana yoga through knowledge and discrimination. The Hindu trinity of gods - Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer - represent the three fundamental

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    Bharata Teaching

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    49 views21 pages
    The document discusses the four main goals or pursuits of life in Hinduism known as puruṣārthas - dharma, artha, kāma, and mokṣa. It explains that these goals correspond to the four stages of life and the four main castes in Hindu society. The Bhagavad Gita outlines three main paths or yogas to attain mokṣa - karma yoga through selfless action, bhakti yoga through loving devotion to God, and jnana yoga through knowledge and discrimination. The Hindu trinity of gods - Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer - represent the three fundamental

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    The document discusses the four main goals or pursuits of life in Hinduism known as puruṣārthas - dharma, artha, kāma, and mokṣa. It explains that these goals correspond to the four stages of life and the four main castes in Hindu society. The Bhagavad Gita outlines three main paths or yogas to attain mokṣa - karma yoga through selfless action, bhakti yoga through loving devotion to God, and jnana yoga through knowledge and discrimination. The Hindu trinity of gods - Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer - represent the three fundamental

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views21 pages

    Bharata Teaching

    Uploaded by

    Hello Mister
    The document discusses the four main goals or pursuits of life in Hinduism known as puruṣārthas - dharma, artha, kāma, and mokṣa. It explains that these goals correspond to the four stages of life and the four main castes in Hindu society. The Bhagavad Gita outlines three main paths or yogas to attain mokṣa - karma yoga through selfless action, bhakti yoga through loving devotion to God, and jnana yoga through knowledge and discrimination. The Hindu trinity of gods - Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer - represent the three fundamental

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    of 21

    3

    Early texts treating the goals of human life


    commonly refer to kāma, artha and dharma as
    the "trivarga" or "three categories" of
    possible human pursuits.

    Prasad (2008) argues that the division between the


    trivarga and mokṣa is intended to highlight the
    distinction between values in the social (trivarga)
    and personal (mokṣa) spheres.
    mokṣa was certainly integral
    to the matured conception of the
    puruṣārthas, eventually
    becoming known as the
    caturvarga,
    the "four-fold set".
    puruṣārtha
    (Sanskrit परु
    ु षार्थ: "that which is sought by
    man; human purpose, aim, or end") refers
    to a goal, end or aim of human existence.
    The four legitimate goals of life for
    high-caste Hindus
    Dharma
    Artha
    Kama
    Moksa
    Dharma
    “(religious, social and/or moral)
    righteousness, both spiritual and ritual”

    Embraces appropriate beliefs and behaviors


    Artha
    “(material and/or wealth) prosperity as
    well as pursuit of meaning”
    Kāma
    " (dharmic) pleasure "(wikipedia
    meaning)enjoyment of the senses
    in control
    Moksa
    "(spiritual ) liberation, at last let
    your ATMA (soul) merge
    with your DIVINE CREATOR the
    ALMIGHTY GOD (PARATMA)“

    The Ultimate Aim to Salvation


    4
    Krishna conscious movement there is a popular
    correspondence between the four puruṣārthas, the
    four stages of life

    (Skt. Āśrama)
    Brahmacharya [student life]
    Grihastha [household life]
    Vanaprastha [retired life]
    Sannyasa [renunciation]
    4
    four primary castes or strata of society

    (Skt.: varna)
    Brahmana[priest/teacher]
    Kshatriya [warrior/politician]
    Vaishya [landowner/entrepreneur]
    Shudra [servant/manual labourer])
    Gita
    According to Catherine
    Cornille, Associate
    Professor of Theology
    at Boston College, "The
    text [of the Gita] offers
    a survey of the
    different possible
    disciplines for
    attaining liberation
    through
    knowledge (jnana),
    action (karma) and
    loving devotion to
    God (bhakti),
    focusing on the latter
    as both the easiest and
    the highest path to
    salvation.”
    Gita

    3 yogas
    First 6 Chapters: Karma yoga
    Middle 6 Chapters :Bhakti yoga
    Last 6 Chapters :Jnana yoga
    Karma Yoga
    is essentially
    Acting, or doing one's duties in life as
    per his/her dharma, or duty, without
    attachment to results –
    a sort of constant sacrifice of action to the
    Supreme. It is action done without thought
    of gain.
    "Work done as a sacrifice for Vishnu has to be
    performed, otherwise work causes bondage in this
    material world. Therefore, O son of Kuntī, perform your
    prescribed duties for His satisfaction, and in that way
    you will always remain free from bondage.
    Bhakti Yoga
    is summed up as a mode of worship which
    consists of unceasing and loving
    remembrance of God.
    As scholar M. R. Sampatkumaran explains in his
    overview of Ramanuja's commentary on the Gita,
    "The point is that mere knowledge of
    the scriptures cannot lead to final
    release. Devotion, meditation and
    worship are essential
    "And of all yogins, he who full of faith worships Me, with his
    inner self abiding in Me, him, I hold to be the most attuned (to
    me in Yoga)."(6.47)

    "After attaining Me, the great souls do not incur rebirth in this
    miserable transitory world, because they have attained the
    highest perfection.(8.15)"
    Jnana Yoga
    is a process of learning to discriminate
    between what is real and what is not,
    what is eternal and what is not.

    "Those who see with eyes of knowledge the difference


    between the body and the knower of the body, and can
    also understand the process of liberation from bondage in
    material nature, attain to the supreme goal." (13.35)
    3
    Gods
    HINDU TRINITY
    LORD BRAHMA
    Lord Brahma is the first member of the
    Brahmanical triad, Vishnu being the second and
    Shiva, the third. Brahma is the god of creation and
    he is traditionally accepted as the Creator of the
    entire universe.
    LORD VISHNU (KRISHNA)
    Lord Vishnu, major god of Hinduism and Indian
    mythology, popularly regarded as the preserver of
    the universe.
    LORD SHIVA
    Shiva is one of the gods of the Trinity. He is said to be
    the god of destruction. The other two gods are Brahma,
    the god of creation and Vishnu, the god of maintenance. The
    three gods represent the three fundamental powers of nature
    which are manifest in the world viz. creation, destruction and
    maintenance. These powers exist perpetually. Creation is
    going on all the time. So is destruction and maintenance.

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