"Introduction To Titration": Experiment 3 in Chemistry For Engineers
"Introduction To Titration": Experiment 3 in Chemistry For Engineers
"Introduction To Titration": Experiment 3 in Chemistry For Engineers
College of Engineering
Bicol University
Legazpi City
“Introduction to Titration”
A Laboratory Report
II. Materials.
Materials / Apparatus Quantity
Burette setup 1
5mL Volumetric Pipet 2
250mL Erlenmeyer Flask 4
1L Volumetric Flask 1
25mL Volumetric Flask 1
50mL Beaker 2
Analytical Balance 1
50mL Graduated Cylinder 1
Funnel 1
Dropper 1
Chemical Reagents Amount MSDS
4% Concentrated Can cause eyes, skin and
20mL gastrointestinal irritation
Vinegar (D.S. brand)
Can cause eye and skin
burns. Causes digestive
Sodium hydroxide 4g and respiratory tract
burns. Hygroscopic.
Not classified for physical
Distilled water 500mL or health hazard.
Can cause serious eye
irritation. May cause
genetic defects. May
cause cancer. May
damage fertility or the
unborn child. May cause
Phenolphthalein respiratory irritation. May
0.5g cause drowsiness or
Powder
dizziness. Causes
damage to organs
through prolonged or
repeated exposure.
Highly flammable liquid
and vapor.
Can cause severe eye
irritation. Flammable
liquid and vapor. Causes
respiratory tract irritation.
This substance has
95% Ethanol caused adverse
25mL reproductive and fetal
Solution effects in humans. May
cause central nervous
system depression. May
cause liver, kidney and
heart damage. Causes
moderate skin irritation.
III. Procedure
A. Preparation of reagents.
1. 1L of 0.1M Sodium hydroxide
a. The amount of Sodium hydroxide in grams was calculated as shown in the equation
below.
0.1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 39.997𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
( ) (1𝐿) ≈ 4𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
1𝐿 1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
b. 4g of Sodium hydroxide was weighed using the analytical balance.
c. The weighted sodium hydroxide was transferred to a beaker and then dissolved to a
small but significant amount of distilled water.
d. Through a funnel, the solution was then transferred to a 1L volumetric flask and diluted
to a 1L solution.
e. The diluted solution was distributed to each group in beakers.
2. Phenolphthalein indicator
a. 0.125g of phenolphthalein powder was weighed out.
b. 12.5mL of 95% ethanol was measured.
c. The prepared amount of phenolphthalein was thoroughly dissolved to the 12.5mL
ethanol in a beaker.
d. The solution was then transferred to a 25mL volumetric flask and was diluted with
distilled water to a 25mL solution.
e. The prepared indicator was distributed to each group.
C. Performing titration
1. The members present had one attempt in performing the titration in our corresponding
samples. Katherine was first, followed by Kimuel, Rez, and lastly Lance. We first made
a table consisting of our names, the initial and final volumes of the titrant, the total change
in volume for each titration done, and the final coloration of each sample. The data table
prepared is shown below.
A. Performance Results
3. How does the indicator help/interfere with the reaction of Acetic acid and Sodium
hydroxide?
As aforementioned in the answer to the previous question, when phenolphthalein
is imparted to a base, it becomes pink. Ergo, the neutralization of Acetic acid and
Sodium hydroxide may easily be distinguished when a light pinkish color begins
manifesting in the Acetic acid due to an increasing presence of base which is the Sodium
hydroxide.
4. From the experiment, what is the molarity of Acetic acid? Show all necessary calculations.
Shown below is the balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction between
the Acetic acid and the Sodium Hydroxide.
HC2H3O2(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l)
The mole ratio of both the Acetic acid and Sodium Hydroxide is one-to-one.
therefore, to find the molarity of Acetic acid, use the formula: (derived from
M1V1=M2V2)
𝑀𝐵 𝑉𝐵
𝑀𝐴 = where: MA = Molarity of Acid (Acetic acid)
𝑉𝐴 MB = Molarity of Base (Sodium hydroxide)
MB = 0.1M
VA = Volume of Acid (Acetic acid)
VA = 25mL
VB = Volume of Base (Sodium hydroxide)
7. What are the other indicators available for titration? Give an example to which titration
you can use each of your listed indicators.
Aside from phenolphthalein, there are two other well-known indicators for acid-
base titration such as litmus and methyl orange.
Litmus is a weak acid which is blue in an alkaline solution and red in an acidic
solution. It used to be commonly utilized in titrations with Sulfuric acid, Hydrochloric acid,
and Nitric acid as acid titrants; and Potassium carbonate and Sodium carbonate as basic
titrants
Methyl orange is a weak acid as well which is yellow in alkaline solutions and red
in acidic solutions used in strong acid-strong base and strong acid-weak base titrations.
Shown in the table below are other indicators and their color change intervals in
pH as well as their colors in acidic and basic conditions.
Hypothetically, it should require less amount of the titrant due to the analyte having
significantly lesser concentration. However, in accordance with the calculations below,
only the same amount of the Sodium hydroxide titrant was necessary. Since the
vinegar was supposedly diluted, only the molarity changed but the number of moles
remained as is. Considering the fact that the number of moles of the solute do not change
in the solution despite the amount it was diluted to, the number of moles of the titrant
required to neutralize it would remain constant as well.
Volume of NaOH required as observed from the experiment:
For the first set-up
(0.060𝑀)(25𝑚𝐿)
𝑉𝐵 = = 𝟏𝟓𝒎𝑳
(0.1𝑀)
For the second set-up
(0.062𝑀)(25𝑚𝐿)
𝑉𝐵 = = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟓𝒎𝑳
(0.1𝑀)
For the third set-up
(0.062𝑀)(25𝑚𝐿)
𝑉𝐵 = = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟓𝒎𝑳
(0.1𝑀)
For the fourth set-up
(0.044𝑀)(25𝑚𝐿)
𝑉𝐵 = = 𝟏𝟏𝒎𝑳
(0.1𝑀)
Belford, R. (2019, June 5). 17.3: Acid-Base Titrations. Retrieved October 27, 2019, from
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock/Chem_1403:_General
_Chemistry_2/Text/17:_Aqueous_Equilibria/17-3:_Acid-Base_Titrations.
Clark, J. (2013, November). Acid-base Indicators. Retrieved October 27, 2019, from
https://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/acidbaseeqia/indicators.html.
Emon, S. H. (2017, December 15). Why do we standardize NaOH? Retrieved October 27, 2019, from
https://www.quora.com/Why-do-we-standardize-NaOH.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2017, October 6). Titration. Retrieved October 27, 2019, from
https://www.britannica.com/science/titration#ref55408.
Titrant Standardization. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2019, from
https://www.chromacademy.com/lms/sco735/03-Titrant-
Standardization.html?fChannel=22&fCourse=97&fSco=735&fPath=sco735/03-Titrant-
Standardization.html.
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