4th QUARTER

GRADE 9 MATHEMATICS

PREPARED BY:

GARY M. NUGAS
 Module
To the Learner

Dear Learner,
As you study this module, you will be able to understand how to use the
concepts on triangle trigonometry in solving different real-life problems involving right
triangles.

Let’s Learn This

This module includes the six trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a given right
triangle, angles of elevation and angles of depression, and the applications of these concepts
to practical problems. Specifically, this aims to:
1. illustrate the trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, cosecant, and
secant;
2. use trigonometric ratios to solve real-life problems involving right triangles; and
3. illustrate angles of elevation and angles of elevation

Let’s Try This

Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. In a right triangle PQR where Q = 90⁰, PQ = 3 cm and QR = 2 cm. what is tan R?
2 3 √10 √3
a. b. c. d.
3 2 3 2

P
2. Find the value of tan P.
13
12 13
a. 13 c. 5
12
5 12 Q R
b. d. 12
12 5

3. Which of the following is the approximate value of cos 39⁰?

a. 0.8746 b. 0.7771 c. 0.6843 d. 0.6864
4. If tan B = 0.2176. Find the measure of angle B to the nearest degree?
a. 26⁰ b. 22⁰ c. 13⁰ d. 12⁰

1
 P
5. If p = 30 and q = 60, what is the measure of ∠R?
q
a. 40⁰ c. 60⁰ r
b. 55⁰ d. 65⁰ Q5 R
p

6. With respect to a given acute angle, what is the ratio of the opposite side to the
adjacent side of a right triangle?
a. sine b. cosine c. tangent d. cosecant

B
7. Solve for angle R.
a. 49⁰ c. 32⁰ 6
b. 41⁰ d. 19⁰ R
7 H

8. Solve for x.
B
a. 5.2 c. 5.7 35
7
b. 4 d. 6.2 x
R
H

9. A 4-m ladder leans against a wall at an angle of 50⁰. How high up the wall does the
ladder reach? tan 50⁰ = 1.192, sin 50⁰ = 0.766, cos 50⁰ = 0.643
a. 3.1 m b. 3. 3 m c. 3.6 m d. 4.1 m
10. From a point 10 m away from a mango tree, the angle of elevation of the top of the
tree is 35⁰. What is the height of the tree?
a. 4m b. 6 m c. 7 m d. 9 m
11. From the top of a barn 12 m high, you see a cat on the ground. The angle of
depression of the cat is 65⁰. How many meters must the cat walk to reach the barn?
a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10

2
Let’s Learn This
Lesson 1
The six trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right triangle

A trigonometric ratio is a ratio of the measures of two sides of a right triangle. As

you can still recall, a right triangle is a triangle that has a 90-degree angle or a right angle..
Look at some examples of right angles and their parts below.
1. Triangle ABC is a right triangle where angle B is a 90-degree angle
or a right angle as indicated by . The side opposite the right
angle (B) is segment AC which is referred to as the hypotenuse.
The other two sides, segments AB and BC are called the legs.

2.
b c The hypotenuse of this triangle is side a while
B
sides c and b are the legs. Always remember, the
a
side opposite the right angle is the hypotenuse.
Using trigonometric ratios, you can find the unknown measures of angles and sides of
right triangles. Given a right triangle ABC as shown below, with right angle at C, the two
legs are a and b, and the hypotenuse is c. Observe how the sides and angles are labeled. Use
lowercase letters for the sides and capital letters for the angles. The side opposite angle A is
a, the side opposite angle B is b, and the side opposite angle C is c.

hypotenuse c a Leg opposite to angle A

A
b C
Leg adjacent to angle A

With respect to angle A, its opposite side is a, and b is its adjacent side. We can now
define the six trigonometric ratios of angle A of triangle ABC.

3
 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎
sine of angle A = sin A = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑐
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏
cosine of angle A = cosA = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑐
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎
tangent of angle A = tanA = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏

The next three trigonometric ratios are just reciprocals of the ratios
above. Observe the sine and cosecant of angle A, the cosine and secant of angle A, and
the tangent and cotangent of angle A.
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑐
cosecant of angle A = cscA = =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑐
secant of angle A = sec A = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏
cotangent of angle A = cot A = =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎

SOH-CAH-TOA is a mnemonic device used to remember the above equations.

where S means sine, C means cosine, T means tangent, O means opposite, H means
hypotenuse, and A means adjacent. So, if you want to find the ratio for cosine of a given
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
angle (A), use CAH which means cos A = , to find the sine of angle A, use
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
SOH which means sin A = , and to find the tangent of angle A, use
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan A = .
𝐴𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

Example 1: Given the right triangle at the right, find the values of the six trigonometric
ratios of angle A.
B
Solutions:
5
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝐶 𝟑 3
1. sin A = = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐵 𝟓 A
4 C
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝐶 𝟒
2. cos A = = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐵 𝟓
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝐶 𝟑
3. tan A = = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴𝐶 𝟒
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐵 𝟓
4. csc A = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = = → reciprocal of sin A
𝐵𝐶 𝟑
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐵 𝟓
5. sec A = = = →reciprocal of cos A
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝐶 𝟒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝐶 𝟒
6. cot A = = 𝐵𝐶 = →reciprocal of tan A
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝟑

4
 B
Example 2: Find sin B, cos B, and sec B.
5
Solution: With respect to B, the opposite side is AC =4, 3
A
and the adjacent side is BC =3. 4 C
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝐶 4
1. Sin B = = 𝐴𝐵 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝐶 3
2. Cos B = = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐵 5
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐵 5
3. Sec B = = = 3 →reciprocal of cos B
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝐶

Example 3: Find the values of sin D, tan E and sec E using the figure at the right.
E
Solution: Solve first the hypotenuse since it is not given using
the Pythagorean theorem:c2 = a2 +b2 where c is the 2

hypotenuse of a right triangle. So,

D N
3

c2 = a2 +b2
(DE)2 = (DN)2 +(NE)2 since c = DE, a = DN, b = NE
(DE)2 = 32 + 22 substituting DN by 3, and NE by 2
(DE)2 = 9 + 4
(DE)2 = 13 Take the square root of each side.

DE = √13
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐸𝑁 2
So, sin D (using SOH) = = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐷𝐸 √13

2 √13
= ∙ multiply both terms by √13 and simplify
√13 √13

2√13
= 13
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐷𝑁 3
tan E (using TOA) = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
= 𝑁𝐸
=2

ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐷𝐸 √13
sec E (reciprocal of cos E) = = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑁𝐸 2

5
Let’s Do It
A. Given the triangle at the right , find: N

1. sin M 7. sin N
2. cos M 8. cos N 12 13
3. tan M 9. tan N
4. csc M 10. csc N P
M
5
5. sec M 11. sec N
6. cot M 12. cot N
P
B. Find the values of each ratio.
1. tan R 13
2. sin P
3. sec R R 8 M

Lesson 2
Solving a Missing Part of a Right Triangle
Before discussing about solving any missing part of a right triangle, you
have to learn first how to use a scientific calculator in finding the values of a trigono-
metric ratio of a given acute angle. Consider the following examples.
Examples: (using a Casio scientific calculator)
1. Find the value of sine 45⁰
Solution: sin 45 = displays 0.70710678

So, sin 45⁰ ≈ 0.707

2. Find the value of sine 33⁰.
Solution: sin 33 = displays 0.544639035

So, sin 33⁰ ≈ 0.545

3. Find the value of cosine 30⁰.
Solution: cos 30 = displays 0.866025

So, cos 30⁰ ≈ 0.866

6
 4. Find the value of cosine 80⁰.
Solution: cos 80 = displays 0.173648

So, cos 80⁰ ≈ 0.174

5. Find the value of tan 20⁰.
Solution: tan 20 = displays 0.36397

So, tan 20⁰ ≈ 0.364

6. Find the value of csc 30⁰. (csc 30 is the reciprocal of sin 30)
Solution: sin 30 = 𝑥 −1 = displays 2
an 33

So, csc 30⁰ ≈ 2

7. Find the value of sec 40⁰. (sec 40 is the reciprocal of cos 40)
Solution: cos 40 = 𝑥 −1 = displays 1.305407

So, sec 40⁰ ≈ 1.305

8. Find the value of cot 78⁰. (Cot 78 is the reciprocal of 78)
Solution: tan 78 = 𝑥 −1 = displays 0.212556

So, cot 78⁰ ≈ 0.213

This time, you can now solve the missing part of a triangle. Study the
following examples.

Example 1. Solve for a given the right triangle below.

Solution : 5 is the hypotenuse, a is the opposite side of angle A which measures 50°.
P
Now, find the trigonometric ratio that involves a and the given
parts only. That is, the sine ratio. 5
a
Using the sine ratio (SOH) 50°
A H
𝑃𝐻 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
sin A = 𝐴𝑃 → ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑎
sin 50° = Replace A = 50°, PH = a, AP = 5
5
𝑎
( 5 ) sin 50° = (5) Multiply each side by 5
5

7
 5 sin 50° = a
Calculator: 5 x sin 50 = 3.830222216
sin
Therefore, the value of a is about 3.83.

Example 2 : Given the triangle at the right, find y.

Solution: With 60° as the acute angle, 9 the opposite side of the given 60°
y
angle, and y the unknown side, use the tangent ratio.
Using the tangent ratio (TOA), 9
9 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
Tangent 60° = →
𝑦 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

(y) tangent 60 = 9 → get the cross products

(y ) tangent 60 9
tangent 60
= tangent 60
Divide each side by tangent 60

y = 5.196152423..
Therefore, y is about 5.20.
For the next examples, you are going to find the measure of an angle
given any two sides of a right triangle. However, you have to learn first how to
use a scientific calculator to find the angle measure. Study the following
examples.
3
Example 3: If cos A = 4, find the measure of angle A.

Solution : Use the 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 function on your calculator. The 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 function
is called the inverse cosine or the arccosine. So, to find the measure of
angle A, you have
3
cos A = 4
3 3
A = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1(4 ) read as A is the inverse cosine of 4
or
3
arccosine of 4.

Calculator: shift 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ¾ ) = displays 41.40962211

Therefore, to the nearest degree, angle A measures 41°.

1
Example 4: If sin B = 5 . find the measure of angle B.

Solution: Use the 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 function on your calculator. The 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 function
is called the inverse sine or the arcsine. So, to find the measure of angle B, you have:

8
 1
sin B = 5
1 1
B = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( 5 ) read as B is the inverse sine of or
5
1
arcsine of .
5
1
Calculator: shift 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1
5
( 1/ ½ ) = displays 30

Therefore, Angle B measures 30°.

Example 5: Find the measure of angle N. Q

Solution: You are given the adjacent side of ∠N and the hypotenuse. 9

So, use the cosine ratio (CAH).

𝑁𝐻 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 N
cos N = 𝑁𝑄 → 8 H
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
8
cos N = Replace NH by 8, NQ by 9.
9
8
N = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
9

Calculator: shift 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 8/9 ) = displays 27.26604445

Therefore, to the nearest degree, angle N measures 27°.

Example 6: Triangle ACB is right-angled at C. If a = 18 cm and b = 13 cm, find c, m∠A,

and m∠B.
Solution: First, draw the appropriate triangle. A
Then solve the unknown parts. c
13
a. Solve for c using the Pythagorean theorem.
c2 = a2 +b2 where c is the hypotenuse
CC 18 B

(AB)2 = (CB)2 +(AC)2 → since c = AB, a = CB, b = AC

(c)2 = (18)2 + (13)2 → Replace: AB = c, CB = 18, AC = 13
(c)2 = 324 + 169
(c)2 = 493 Take the square root of each side.

c = √493
c = 22.20360…..
So, c ≈ 22.20

9
 b. Solving m∠A,
With respect to ∠A, its adjacent side is 13, A

its opposite side is 18. Use the tangent ratio c = 22

13
(TOA).
𝐶𝐵 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan A = 𝐴𝐶 → C
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 18 B
18
tan A = Replace CB by 18, AC by 13.
13
18
A= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
13

Calculator: shift 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 18/13 ) =dis displays 54.162347

Therefore, to the nearest degree, angle A measures 54°.

c. Solving m∠B
Since ∠A and ∠B are complementary, then
m∠A + m∠B = 90
54⁰ + m∠B = 90 replace m∠A by 54
m∠B = 90 - 54
m∠B= 36⁰
Therefore, m∠B = 36⁰.
Let’s Do It
A. Use your scientific calculator to find the value of the following: (correct your answer
to two decimal places).
1. cos 33° 3. sin40.5° 5. cot 3° 7. csc 10°
2. tan 83° 4. tan 89° 6. sec (3/8)°
B. Find the measure of the given angle (to the nearest degree) where the angle is acute.
9
1. sin A = 0.549 3. cos C = 5. sec E =10
11

2. tan B = 0.35 4. tan D = 1.9

C. Solve for x in each figure. (answers in two decimal places)
P P
1. 2.

x 50

H 20°
10 A 58°
R
Q x

10
 3. 70° 4.
x C

19
x

15 10°
B A
D. Triangle ACB is right-angled at C. If a = 8 cm and b = 5 cm, find m∠A.
E. Solve for angle B for each figure.
1. Q 2. B
3
5
2.5

B D
3 H H

Let’s Remember This

1. Given the right triangle at the right, the six trigonometric ratios of angle A are
defined as follows:
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎
sinA = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝑐
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏
cosA = = B
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑐
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎 c
tanA = = a
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑐 A C
cscA =𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = b
𝑎
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑐
secA = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = 𝑏
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏
cotA = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = 𝑎

Let’s Test Ourselves

Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. In a right triangle PQR where Q = 90⁰, PQ = 2 cm and QR = 3 cm. what is tan R?
2 3 √10 √3
a. b. c. d.
3 2 3 2

2. Find the value of sin P. P

12 13 13
a. 13 c. 12 5
5 13
b.13 d. Q R
5
12
11
3. Find the value of cot R.
P
12 12
a. c. 13
13 5
5
5 13
b. d. Q
12 5 R
12

4. Which is the approximate value of cos 29⁰?

a. 0.8746 b. 0.4848 c. 0.5543 d. 0.6864
5. If sin B = 0.2176. Find the measure of angle B to the nearest degree?
a. 42⁰ b. 22⁰ c. 13⁰ d. 4⁰
6. If p = 30 and q = 60, what is the measure of ∠R? P

a. 40⁰ c. 60⁰ q
r
b. 55⁰ d. 65⁰ 5
Q R
p

7. With respect to a given acute angle, what is the ratio of the hypotenuse to the adjacent
side?
a. sine b. cosine c. tangent d. cosecant
8. In a right triangle PQR where Q = 90⁰, PQ = 2 cm and QR = 3 cm. what is cos R?
2 3 3√10 √10
a. b. c. d.
3 2 10 3

9. In the triangle PQR, what is the length of PQ?

P
a. 1 cm c. 9 cm 13 cm
b. 5 cm d. 12 cm

Q 12 cm R

10. Solve for angle B. B

a. 47⁰ c. 40⁰
18
b. 43⁰ d. 19⁰
R
19 H

Answer Key

Let’s try this

1. b 3. b 5. c 7. b 9. a 11. b
2. d 4. d 6. c 8. c 10. C

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Let’s do it (lesson 1)
12 13 5 13 15
A. 1.13 4. 12 7. 10. B. 1.
13 5 8
5 13 12 13 13√233
2. 13 5. 8. 11. 2.
5 13 12 233
12 5 5 12 √233
3. 6. 9. 12. 3.
5 12 12 5 8

Lesson 2
A. 1. 0.84 3.0.65 5. 19.08 7. 5.76
2. 8.14 4. 57.29 6. 1

B. 1. A= 33⁰ 1. 2. B = 19⁰ 3.. C = 35⁰ 4. D = 62⁰ 5. E = 84⁰

C. 1. 3.64 2. 15.97 3. 26.5 4. 3.30

D. 58⁰ E. 1. 37⁰ 2. 34⁰

Let’s test ourselves

1. A 3. C 5. C 7. D 9. D

2. C 4. A 6. C 8. C 10. A

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 Lesson 3
Angles of Elevation and Depression

One of the practical applications of trigonometry involving right triangles is in solving

problems involving distances and heights which are usually difficult and sometimes
impossible to measure directly. In many problems, the angle of elevation and the angle of
depression are often used.
Definitions
The angle of elevation is the angle between the imaginary line of sight and a horizontal line,
where the object is above the observer.
Ǫ
Line of sight above the observer

Angle of elevation
Observer’sEYE horizontal line of sight
The angle of depression is the angle between the imaginary line of sight and a horizontal
line, where the object is below the observer.

observer’sEYE horizontal line of sight

Angle of depression

Line of sight below the observer

Example 1:
A tower is 20 m high. At a certain distance away from the tower, an observer
determines that the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 50⁰. How far is the observer
from the base of the tower?
Solution: Visualize first the problem and draw the figure, then, draw the corresponding
triangle diagram.

20 m
20
50⁰
observer’s eye x
Figure Triangle diagram

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 Let x be the distance from the base of the tower and the observer. With respect to the
given angle (50⁰), its opposite side is 20, and the adjacent side (the unknown side) is x. Use
the tangent ratio (TOA), to solve for x.
20 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan 50⁰ = →
𝑥 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

x •tan 50⁰ = 20 Equate the cross products

x •tan 50⁰ 20
= tan 50⁰ Divide each side by tan 50⁰
tan 50⁰
20
x =tan 50⁰

x≈ 16.78 m
Example 2:
Find the height of a hot air balloon which is directly above a nipa hut if the angle of
depression of a horse, 100 m away from the nipa hut, is 20⁰.
Solution: Figure Triangle diagram

B A B
20⁰

20⁰

C 100 m D
C 100 m D

Let x be the height of a hot air balloon.

∠ABD and ∠BDC are congruent because they are alternate interior angles.
Solving x, use the tangent ratio (TOA) since its ratio contains the opposite side ( unknown
side) and adjacent side (100).

𝑥 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan 20⁰ = 100 → 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑥
100 •tan 20⁰ = • 100 multiply each side by 100
100

100 •tan 20⁰ = x

x≈ 36.4 m

Let’s Do It

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 Solve the following problems.
1. From a point 45 meters from the base of a bamboo tree, the angle of elevation to the
top of the tree is 15⁰. What is the height of the bamboo tree?
2. What is the angle of elevation of the sun if a telecommunications tower 520 m high
casts a shadow 90 m long?
3. The top of a flagpole is sighted at an angle of elevation of 60⁰. If the flagpole is 5.5 m
tall, how far from the base of the flagpole is the point of sighting?
4. The angle of depression of a ship from the top of a lighthouse is 20⁰. If the lighthouse
is 15 meters high, how far from the bottom of the lighthouse is the ship?
5. A boat is 450 m away from a lighthouse. If the angle of depression of the boat from
the top of the lighthouse is 75⁰, find the height of the lighthouse.
6. Find the angle of elevation of the sun when a tower 100 m high casts a shadow of 150
m long.
7. The angle of elevation of a tree from a point on the ground 12 m from its base is 35⁰.
Find the height of the tree.
8. A ladder 10 m long leans against the wall of a building. If the foot of the ladder makes
an angle of 70⁰ with the ground, how far is the base of the ladder from the wall?
9. An airplane took off from an airport and traveled at a constant rate and angle of
elevation. When the airplane reached an altitude of 600 m, its horizontal distance
from the airport was found to be 335 m. what was the angle when the airplane rose
from the ground?
Let’s Remember this
1. The angle of elevation is the angle between the imaginary line of sight and a
horizontal line, where the object is above the observer.
Ǫ
Line of sight above the observer

Angle of elevation

Observer’sEYE horizontal line of sight

2. The angle of depression is the angle between the imaginary line of sight and a
horizontal line, where the object is below the observer.

observer’s EYE horizontal line of sight

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 Angle of depression

Line of sight below the observer

3. In solving problems involving right triangles, it is a good practice to follow these

steps:
a. Draw the figure and the corresponding triangle diagram.
b. Label the given parts, and assign a variable to the unknown part and put this
variable to the appropriate part of the triangle based on the conditions of the
problem.
c. Determine the trigonometric ratio that contains the given parts and the
unknown part of the triangle, then, solve.

Let’s Test Ourselves

Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.
1. What is the value of x in the figure below?
C
a. 6.56 c. 9.85
10
b. 7.68 d. 8.45
10°
B A
x

2. Solve for y. P
a. 36.24 c. 40. 96
50
b. 38.82 d. 49.37 y
55° R
Q
3. What is the value of m ?
60°
a. 15. 4 c. 5
m
b. 13.9 d. 5.77

10

4. Solve for angle C.

Q
a. 50⁰ c. 75⁰
55
b. 55⁰ d. 78⁰
5. Triangle ABC is right-angled at B. If a = 4 cm and b = C7 cm, find m∠A.H
35

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 a. 25⁰ b. 31⁰ c. 35⁰ d. 40⁰
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6. If cos B = 13, find the measure of angle B.

a. 65⁰ b. 52⁰ c. 44⁰ d. 32⁰

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7. If tan A = , find the measure of angle A.
17

a. 36⁰ b. 32⁰ c. 28⁰ d. 24⁰

8. A 5-m ladder leans against a wall at an angle of 40⁰. How high up the wall does the
ladder reach? tan 40⁰ = 0.839, sin 40⁰ = 0.643, cos 40⁰ = 0.766
b. 3.2 m b. 3. 6 m c. 3.9 m d. 4.4 m
9. From a point 20 m away from a mango tree, the angle of elevation of the top of the
tree is 50⁰. What is the height of the tree? Sin 50⁰ = 0.766, cos 50⁰ = 0.642, tan 50⁰ =
1.191
b. 23. 8 m b. 16.8 m c. 15.3 m d. 12.9 m
10. From the top of a barn 8 m high, you see a cat on the ground. The angle of depression
of the cat is 35⁰. How many meters must the cat walk to reach the barn?
a. 11.43 b. 12. 35 c. 12. 48 d. 12.68

ANSWER KEY
Let’s Do It
1. 12.06 m 4. 41.21 m 7. 8.40 m
2. 80⁰ 5. 209.54 m 8. 3.42 m
3. 3.18 m 6. 34⁰ 9. 61⁰
Let’s Test Ourselves
1. c 3. d 5. c 7. c 9. a
2. c 4. a 6. d 8. a 10. a

reerrr

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Gary nugas

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