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    MATLAB

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    Aziz Abdul Basit
    The document describes simulations of digital modulation techniques over HF ionospheric channels. It simulates BPSK and QPSK modulation over two ITU channel models - low latitudes moderate conditions and high latitudes disturbed conditions. For each modulation and channel, it generates random input data, applies the channel model, adds Gaussian noise at varying SNR levels, and calculates the resulting bit error rate to analyze performance. Plots of BER vs SNR are produced to compare the results.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    MATLAB

    Uploaded by

    Aziz Abdul Basit
    78 views6 pages
    The document describes simulations of digital modulation techniques over HF ionospheric channels. It simulates BPSK and QPSK modulation over two ITU channel models - low latitudes moderate conditions and high latitudes disturbed conditions. For each modulation and channel, it generates random input data, applies the channel model, adds Gaussian noise at varying SNR levels, and calculates the resulting bit error rate to analyze performance. Plots of BER vs SNR are produced to compare the results.

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    The document describes simulations of digital modulation techniques over HF ionospheric channels. It simulates BPSK and QPSK modulation over two ITU channel models - low latitudes moderate conditions and high latitudes disturbed conditions. For each modulation and channel, it generates random input data, applies the channel model, adds Gaussian noise at varying SNR levels, and calculates the resulting bit error rate to analyze performance. Plots of BER vs SNR are produced to compare the results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    78 views6 pages

    MATLAB

    Uploaded by

    Aziz Abdul Basit
    The document describes simulations of digital modulation techniques over HF ionospheric channels. It simulates BPSK and QPSK modulation over two ITU channel models - low latitudes moderate conditions and high latitudes disturbed conditions. For each modulation and channel, it generates random input data, applies the channel model, adds Gaussian noise at varying SNR levels, and calculates the resulting bit error rate to analyze performance. Plots of BER vs SNR are produced to compare the results.

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    Simulasi Modulasi Digital BPSK pada Kanal Ionosfer HF

    %% Initialization of Simulation-Specific Parameters


    % The simulation sampling rate is specified, and kept the same for the
    % remainder of the demo. The input to the channel simulator is
    oversampled
    % by a factor of four.

    M = 2; % DBPSK modulation order


    hMod = comm.DBPSKModulator; % Create a DPSK modulator
    hDemod = comm.DBPSKDemodulator; % Create a DPSK demodulator

    Rsym = 1200; % Input symbol rate


    Rbit = Rsym * log2(M); % Input bit rate
    Nos = 4; % Oversampling factor
    ts = (1/Rbit) / Nos; % Input sample period
    fd = 1;

    %% ITU-R F.1487 Low Latitudes, Moderate Conditions


    hdchan = stdchan(ts, fd, 'iturHFLM')
    % As before, we obtain the path gains by processing random data through
    the
    % channel. These path gains are stored in |y| for post-processing.

    hdchan.StorePathGains = 1;
    hdchan.ResetBeforeFiltering = 0;
    hdchan.NormalizePathGains = 1;

    % Generate data and apply fading channel.


    tx = randi([0 M-1],100000,1); % Generate a random bit stream
    dpskSig = step(hMod, tx); % DPSK modulate the signal
    fadedSig = filter(hdchan,dpskSig); % Apply the channel effects

    % Compute error rate for different values of SNR.


    SNR = 0:2:20; % Range of SNR values, in dB.
    numSNR = length(SNR);
    berVec = zeros(3, numSNR);

    % Create an AWGNChannel and ErrorRate calculator System object


    hChan = comm.AWGNChannel('NoiseMethod', 'Signal to noise ratio (SNR)');

    % Compute bit error rate, taking delay into account.


    delay = hdchan.ChannelFilterDelay;
    hErrorCalc = comm.ErrorRate('ReceiveDelay', delay);

    for n = 1:numSNR
    hChan.SNR = SNR(n);
    rxSig = step(hChan,fadedSig); % Add Gaussian noise
    rx = step(hDemod, rxSig); % Demodulate
    reset(hErrorCalc)
    % Compute error rate.
    berVec(:,n) = step(hErrorCalc,tx,rx);
    end
    BER_LM = berVec(1,:);

    %% ITU-R F.1487 High Latitudes, Disturbed Conditions


    % As before, we obtain the path gains by processing random data through
    the
    % channel. These path gains are stored in |y| for post-processing.

    hdchan = stdchan(ts, fd, 'iturHFHD')


    hdchan.StorePathGains = 1;
    hdchan.ResetBeforeFiltering = 0;
    hdchan.NormalizePathGains = 1;

    % Generate data and apply fading channel.


    tx = randi([0 M-1],100000,1); % Generate a random bit stream
    dpskSig = step(hMod, tx); % DPSK modulate the signal
    fadedSig = filter(hdchan,dpskSig); % Apply the channel effects

    % Compute error rate for different values of SNR.


    SNR = 0:2:20; % Range of SNR values, in dB.
    numSNR = length(SNR);
    berVec = zeros(3, numSNR);

    % Create an AWGNChannel and ErrorRate calculator System object


    hChan = comm.AWGNChannel('NoiseMethod', 'Signal to noise ratio (SNR)');
    %hErrorCalc = comm.ErrorRate;

    % Compute bit error rate, taking delay into account.


    delay = hdchan.ChannelFilterDelay;
    hErrorCalc = comm.ErrorRate('ReceiveDelay', delay);

    for n = 1:numSNR
    hChan.SNR = SNR(n);
    rxSig = step(hChan,fadedSig); % Add Gaussian noise
    rx = step(hDemod, rxSig); % Demodulate
    reset(hErrorCalc)
    % Compute error rate.
    berVec(:,n) = step(hErrorCalc,tx,rx);
    end
    BER_HD = berVec(1,:);

    % Plot BER results.


    semilogy(SNR,BER_LM,'b-*',SNR,BER_HD,'-r*');
    legend('Low Latitudes, Moderate Conditions','High Latitudes, Disturbed
    Conditions');
    xlabel('SNR (dB)'); ylabel('BER');
    title('Binary DPSK over HF Ionosphere Channel ITU-R F.1487 ');
    grid on
    Simulasi Modulasi Digital QPSK pada Kanal Ionosfer HF

    %% Initialization of Simulation-Specific Parameters


    % The simulation sampling rate is specified, and kept the same for the
    % remainder of the demo. The input to the channel simulator is
    oversampled
    % by a factor of four.

    M = 4; % DQPSK modulation order


    hMod = comm.DQPSKModulator; % Create a DPSK modulator
    hDemod = comm.DQPSKDemodulator; % Create a DPSK demodulator

    Rsym = 1200; % Input symbol rate


    Rbit = Rsym * log2(M); % Input bit rate
    Nos = 4; % Oversampling factor
    ts = (1/Rbit) / Nos; % Input sample period
    fd = 1;

    %% ITU-R F.1487 Low Latitudes, Moderate Conditions


    hdchan = stdchan(ts, fd, 'iturHFLM')
    % As before, we obtain the path gains by processing random data through
    the
    % channel. These path gains are stored in |y| for post-processing.

    hdchan.StorePathGains = 1;
    hdchan.ResetBeforeFiltering = 0;
    hdchan.NormalizePathGains = 1;

    % Generate data and apply fading channel.


    tx = randi([0 M-1],100000,1); % Generate a random bit stream
    dpskSig = step(hMod, tx); % DPSK modulate the signal
    fadedSig = filter(hdchan,dpskSig); % Apply the channel effects

    % Compute error rate for different values of SNR.


    SNR = 0:2:20; % Range of SNR values, in dB.
    numSNR = length(SNR);
    berVec = zeros(3, numSNR);

    % Create an AWGNChannel and ErrorRate calculator System object


    hChan = comm.AWGNChannel('NoiseMethod', 'Signal to noise ratio (SNR)');

    % Compute bit error rate, taking delay into account.


    delay = hdchan.ChannelFilterDelay;
    hErrorCalc = comm.ErrorRate('ReceiveDelay', delay);

    for n = 1:numSNR
    hChan.SNR = SNR(n);
    rxSig = step(hChan,fadedSig); % Add Gaussian noise
    rx = step(hDemod, rxSig); % Demodulate
    reset(hErrorCalc)
    % Compute error rate.
    berVec(:,n) = step(hErrorCalc,tx,rx);
    end
    BER_LM = berVec(1,:);

    %% ITU-R F.1487 High Latitudes, Disturbed Conditions

    % As before, we obtain the path gains by processing random data through


    the
    % channel. These path gains are stored in |y| for post-processing.

    hdchan = stdchan(ts, fd, 'iturHFHD')


    hdchan.StorePathGains = 1;
    hdchan.ResetBeforeFiltering = 0;
    hdchan.NormalizePathGains = 1;

    % Generate data and apply fading channel.


    tx = randi([0 M-1],100000,1); % Generate a random bit stream
    dpskSig = step(hMod, tx); % DPSK modulate the signal
    fadedSig = filter(hdchan,dpskSig); % Apply the channel effects

    % Compute error rate for different values of SNR.


    SNR = 0:2:20; % Range of SNR values, in dB.
    numSNR = length(SNR);
    berVec = zeros(3, numSNR);

    % Create an AWGNChannel and ErrorRate calculator System object


    hChan = comm.AWGNChannel('NoiseMethod', 'Signal to noise ratio (SNR)');
    %hErrorCalc = comm.ErrorRate;

    % Compute bit error rate, taking delay into account.


    delay = hdchan.ChannelFilterDelay;
    hErrorCalc = comm.ErrorRate('ReceiveDelay', delay);

    for n = 1:numSNR
    hChan.SNR = SNR(n);
    rxSig = step(hChan,fadedSig); % Add Gaussian noise
    rx = step(hDemod, rxSig); % Demodulate
    reset(hErrorCalc)
    % Compute error rate.
    berVec(:,n) = step(hErrorCalc,tx,rx);
    end
    BER_HD = berVec(1,:);

    % Plot BER results.


    semilogy(SNR,BER_LM,'b-*',SNR,BER_HD,'-r*');
    legend('Low Latitudes, Moderate Conditions','High Latitudes, Disturbed
    Conditions');
    xlabel('SNR (dB)'); ylabel('BER');
    title('Quartenary DPSK over HF Ionosphere Channel ITU-R F.1487 ');
    grid on

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