Elder Abuse in India 2018 A Helpage India Report

ELDER ABUSE IN INDIA – 2018
Changing Cultural Ethos & Impact of Technology
A HelpAge India Report - 2018

Executive Summary
India is undergoing a demographic transition! While 8 percent of its population was recorded 60 years
and above in 2011 Census, it is expected to increase its share to 12.5 percent and 20 percent by 2026
and 2050 respectively. With this kind of an ageing scenario, there is pressure on all aspects of care for
the older persons – be it financial, health or shelter. With the onset of the 21st century, the growing
security of older persons in India is very visible. HelpAge India felt the urgency to take up the issue of
Elder Abuse in the country to create awareness and advocate various measures that can be taken up
ensure the safety and security of the older persons; hence, the need for a study to understand the
prevalence and extent of abuse across cities, perception of abuse among elderly, reporting behaviour
and reasons behind it. The study outcome is expected to help the HelpAge in having effective
mechanism in place to address the issue of Elder Abuse.
HelpAge India has been conducting similar surveys for the past several years. This year’s survey (2018)
on Elder Abuse was conducted in 23 cities of India by interviewing elderly above 60 years of age. This
study aims to understand the spread, type and extent of Elder Abuse in India, Impact of Social Media
& Technology, and Awareness of elders on Redressal Measures in Tier-1 & Tier-2 cities across 23
States/ UTs in India. The target group included male and female elder aged 60 years and above
belonging to SEC category B / C and D. The study used mixed method approach for data collection.
The field work was carried out by HelpAge and Ipsos Research Private Limited during May 2018.
The study covered 5014 elders across 23 cities. Of which, more than 70% aged 60-69 years with almost
equal distribution of both gender.
Around 60% elders confirmed that Elder Abuse is prevalent in our society. Of those, who reported
prevalence, 88% of them believed its existence is high. Nearly one-fourth (25%) elders have confirmed
they have been victim of Elder Abuse ever with no gender variation. The most common form of abuse
they experienced was disrespect (56%), verbal abuse (49%) and neglect (33%). The main abusers were
Son (57%) and Daughter-in-law (38%). Only 18% elders have confirmed that they have made an
attempt to report abuse. And, only 35% of the total reporting was successfully resolved. Around 11%
were aware of the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 (MWPSC) Act,
while 5% were aware of HelpAge Elder Helpline number. More than 60% elderly agreed that quality
time spent by their adult children as well grandchildren with them has decreased with increase in
usage of phones/computers. 65% elderly stated that extreme attention given to phones/ computers
is disrespectful.
Thus, action needs to be taken against situations which make life difficult for the elderly. Social
security of elderly should be taken care of, they should be given opportunities for income generation,
programmes to sensitize children and young adults and involvement of society at large against Elder
Abuse should be initiated.
Elder Abuse Study - 2018
Salient Findings
 5014 elders were approached across 23 cities for interview.

 Nearly one-fourth (25%) elders have confirmed they have been a victim of
Elder Abuse. There was almost no distinction between male and female
elders.
 Elder Abuse was reported maximum in Mangalore, Ahmedabad, Bhopal,
Amritsar, Delhi and Kanpur. It was least in Jammu, Mumbai, Vizag, Kochi,
Guwahati.
 The most common form of abuse they experienced was Disrespect (56%),
Verbal Abuse (49%) and Neglect (33%). They had been facing this since the
past 5 years.
 The main abusers were Son (52%) and Daughter-in-law (34%).
 The median age of abuser is 42 years.
 82% of those abused, did not report the matter.
 The key reasons for Not Reporting - were to “maintain confidentiality (52%)
of the family matter” or “did not know how to deal with problem (34%)”.
 At the national level, 41% of the elderly are aware of at least one redressal
mechanism.
 Around 35% of the elders were aware of police helpline, 11% were aware of
MWPSC act while 5% were aware of HelpAge helpline number.
 More than 60% elderly agreed that quality time spent by their adult children
as well grandchildren with them has decreased with increase in usage of
phones/computers.
 65% elderly stated that extreme attention given to phones/ computers is
disrespectful.
 At the national level, 69% of the elderly have a house in their own name, 7%
have a house in the spouse’s name, 3% are living with others and 20% are
living on rent.
 At the national level, 85% of the elderly are living with family, 8% are living
with spouse only, 6% are living alone and 2% are living with relatives.
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Content
Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 2
Salient Findings ............................................................................................................. 3
1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 7
1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................................7
1.2 Need for the Study ......................................................................................................................8
1.3 Objective of study ........................................................................................................................8
1.4 Target group .................................................................................................................................8
1.5 Key areas of inquiries ..................................................................................................................8
1.6 Research design ........................................................................................................................ 10
1.7 Sampling .................................................................................................................................... 11
2 Profile of Elders ...................................................................................................... 13

2.1 Age distribution ........................................................................................................................ 13
2.2 Marital Status ............................................................................................................................ 15
2.3 Educational Status .................................................................................................................... 17
2.4 Occupations of Elderly ............................................................................................................. 19
2.5 Ownership of house.................................................................................................................. 21
2.6 Living arrangement .................................................................................................................. 23
3 Perception about Elder Abuse .............................................................................. 25

3.1 Perception on what amounts to Elder Abuse? ..................................................................... 25
3.2 Prevalence of Elder Abuse in the society .............................................................................. 28
4 Personal Experience on Elder Abuse ................................................................... 33

4.1 Victims of Elder Abuse ............................................................................................................. 33
4.2 Duration of abuse and frequency .......................................................................................... 39
4.3 Abusers and their profile ......................................................................................................... 42
4.4 Reasons of abuse ...................................................................................................................... 45
4.5 Reporting of abuse to any person /agency .......................................................................... 47
4.6 Effective ways of dealing with Elder Abuse in the society ................................................. 52
5 Redressal Mechanisms ........................................................................................... 54

5.1 Awareness of redressal Mechanisms ..................................................................................... 54
5.2 Sources of awareness of redress............................................................................................. 57
5.3 Experience, accessibility and affordability of availing benefits under MWPSC act ....... 58
6 Impact of technology and social media .............................................................. 59

6.1 Internet usage behaviour ........................................................................................................ 59
6.2 Perception of elderly about social media vis a vis Elder Abuse ........................................ 61
4
6.3 Perception of elderly about mobile phone vis a vis Elder Abuse ...................................... 63
List of Figures .............................................................................................................. 65

List of Tables ............................................................................................................... 66
Annex 1: Quantitative Survey Questionnaire .......................................................... 69
Annex 2: Qualitative Guidelines ................................................................................ 83
Annex 3: Analytical Tables ......................................................................................... 84
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Study conducted by Ipsos Research Private Limited
6
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
India is undergoing a demographic transition! While 8 percent of its population was recorded 60 years
and above in 2011 Census, it is expected to increase its share to 12.5 percent and 20 percent by 2026
and 2050 respectively.
India will have around one-fifth
20% of its total population aged 60

years and above by 2050
However, this is not without problems. With this kind of an ageing scenario, there is pressure on all
aspects of care for the older persons – be it financial, health or shelter. With the onset of the twenty
first century, the growing security of older persons in India is very visible. Older people are living
longer, households are getting smaller and congested, causing stress in joint and extended families.
Even where they are co-residing marginalization, isolation and insecurity is felt among older persons
due to the generation gap and change in lifestyles. Increase in lifespan also results in chronic functional
disabilities creating a need for assistance required by the older person to manage chores as simple as
the activities of daily living. With the traditional system of the lady of the house looking after the older
family members at home is slowly changing, as the women at home are also participating in activities
outside home and have their own career ambitions, there is growing realisation among older persons
that they are more often than not being perceived by their children as a burden.
Figure 1. 1 Why Elder Abuse is concerning?

As per Census 2011, the Continuous
As a result, the share of
population of elders, improvement in health
elders in the total
people (aged 60 +) was systems in the couttry
population has been on
around 8% of the total has led to an increased
the rise post 2011
population life expectancy rate
According to estimates, This research is

While abuse against
elders will constitute expetected to provide
elderly remains a
around 1/5th of fresh estimates on the
concern, their growing
population by 2050 and incidence of elder abuse
population will increase
grow even steeper and the perception
its magnitude
thereafter around it
Old Age has never been a problem for India where a value based, joint family system is supposed to
prevail. Indian culture is automatically respectful and supportive of elders. With that background,
Elder Abuse has never been considered as a problem in India and has always been thought of as a
western problem. However, the coping capacities of the younger and older family members are now
7
being challenged and more often than not, there is unwanted behaviour by younger family members,
which is experienced as abnormal by the older family member, but cannot however be labelled.
1.2 Need for the Study
HelpAge India felt the urgency to take up the issue of Elder Abuse in the country for the purpose of
advocacy on safety and security of the older persons; hence, the need for a study to understand the
prevalence and extent of abuse across cities, perception of abuse among elderly, reporting behaviour
and reasons behind. The study outcome is expected to help the HelpAge in having effective
mechanisms in place to address the issue of Elder Abuse.
1.3 Objective of study
To understand the spread, type and extent of Elder Abuse in India, Impact of Social Media &
Technology and Awareness of elders on Redressal Measures in Tier-1 & Tier-2 cities across 23 States/
UTs in India.
HelpAge over the past few years has been conducting research to understand the depth and spread
of heinous crime against elders. The last such report of the Elder Experience of Abuse was conducted
in Year 2014. The purpose of this report is also to bring in fresh data and observe the trends.
1.4 Target group
The target group included male and female elders aged 60 years and above belonging to SEC
category B / C and D.
1.5 Key areas of inquiries
The research inquires included series of indicators such as:
 Identify symptoms of Elder Abuse

 Find out its existence
 Frequency of Abuse
 Reasons of Abuse
 Impact of Social Media vis a vis Abuse (E.g. Neglect, behavioural patterns etc.)
 Impact of Technology vis a vis Abuse
 Actual experience of Elder Abuse
 CompariSon between Tier-1 & Tier-2 cities
 Types of Elder Abuse
 Profile of Abusers
 Reporting of Abuse
 Elder awareness of available Redressal Mechanisms
 Utilization of available Redressal Mechanisms
 Reasons for Utilization/ Non - Utilization of Redressal Mechanisms
 Elder Suggestions on best ways to tackle Elder Abuse
 Perceived utility of social media / technology and its impact on social interaction
8
These indicators were organized systematically in the survey questionnaire and in-depth discussion
guidelines (Refer Annex 1 and Annex 2)
9
1.6 Research design
The study had three key components. It began with Desk Research phase which was required to gain
proper understanding of the concept and issues around Elder Abuse to be able to design survey
protocols and effective sampling process. This followed by Quantitative and Qualitative surveys which
happened simultaneously in all cities. The purpose of a Quantitative survey was to generate numbers
on the range of indicators and the purpose of a Qualitative survey was to substantiate or corroborate
quantitative findings and trends.
Figure 1. 2 Research design – Key components
Dissemination of evaluation Findings
Quantitative
Desk Research survey Qualitative Survey
•As a first step, a thorough desk •The core objective of the •In-depth interviews with
research was planned to quantitative survey was to elders (male and female) were
understand programme generate fresh city-wise conducted in private settings
objectives / goals, nature and estimates on instances of
design of interventions, past elder abuse at societal and •The findings gathered were
reports, secondary literature perSonal level, extent, type of used to support quantitative
available in the public domain abuse, abusers, reaSons, etc findings and present case
or with HelpAge India studies / insights
•Apart from this, the study also
•The understanding gained inquired about elder
helped developing / fine awareness about MWPSC act,
tuning research protocols, the process of redressal
sampling process, etc. mechanism, actual reporting,
challenges faced, enabling
environment, satisfaction with
the redressal mechanism, use
of social media / technology
and how it amounts to abuse
10
1.7 Sampling
Key considerations
To conduct a nation-wide survey across 23 cities to generate fresh data on key indicators around Elder
Abuse and compare results between Tier-1 and Tier-2 cities, male and female, age-categories
(particularly elder above 65 and above), etc.
Tier-1 – These are the cities which consist population 10,00,000 and above
Tier-2 – These are the cities which consist population between 5,00,000 to 9,99,999
The sampling process used has taken all above into consideration.
Geographical coverage
All 23 cities adequately represent different geographical zones of the country as shown in Table 1.1.
Sample size
As study was expected to report indicators at city level, hence, it was decided to cover 218 sample in
each city. Altogether, sample of 5014 was covered across 23 cities.
Sampling process
The following steps were used:
Step 1: In each city, 9 clusters / areas have been identified belonging to SEC B, C and D areas.
Step 2: Team was sent to each cluster / area to accomplish a sample of 25 households. Of which, 50
percent sample was allocated to elder male and 50% sample was allocated to elder female.
Step 3: Upon reaching a particular cluster / area, team first determined a random starting point (first
household) around a pre-dominant landmark within a cluster / area. Thereafter, team followed a right-
hand rule principal to identify the eligible households which was elder aged 60 and above.
Step 4: If a household had elder aged 60 and above, the proper informed consent was administered,
followed by an interview. Wherever, there were both, a random process (last birthday method) was
used to select one of them.
Qualitative survey
Apart from quantitative survey, we also conducted series of in-depth interviews with elder male and
female to qualitatively assess their perceptions / stories around Elder Abuse. As stated above, the
purpose of in-depth interviews was support quantitative data / trend wherever possible and identify
case studies. We conducted 10 in-depth interviews per city.
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Table 1. 1 Summary of Sample Coverage
States / UTs Cities Tier Quantitative In-depth interviews

interviews (Qualitative)
NCT of Delhi Delhi Tier - 1 218 10
Karnataka Bengaluru Tier - 1 218 10
Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad Tier - 1 218 10
Tamil Nadu Chennai Tier - 1 218 10
Maharashtra Mumbai Tier - 1 218 10
West Bengal Kolkata Tier - 1 218 10
Haryana Faridabad Tier - 2 218 10
Uttarakhand Dehradun Tier - 2 218 10
Uttar Pradesh Kanpur Tier - 2 218 10
Rajasthan Jaipur Tier - 2 218 10
Chandigarh Chandigarh Tier - 2 218 10
Punjab Amritsar Tier - 2 218 10
J&K Jammu Tier - 2 218 10
Karnataka Mangalore Tier - 2 218 10
Andhra Pradesh Vishakhapatnam Tier - 2 218 10
Kerala Kochi Tier - 2 218 10
Tamil Nadu Madurai Tier - 2 218 10
Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Tier - 2 218 10
Gujarat Ahmedabad Tier - 2 218 10
Maharashtra Nagpur Tier - 2 218 10
Bihar Patna Tier - 2 218 10
Odisha Bhubaneswar Tier - 2 218 10
Assam Guwahati Tier - 2 218 10
Total 5014 230
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2 Profile of Elders
Altogether 5014 elders were approached across 23 cities for interview. It is of interest to know what
constitute them, in terms of, their socio-economic and demographic profile as it may have potential
bearing on prevalence and conditions around Elder Abuse, presented in subsequent section.
2.1 Age distribution
At the national level, across all 5014 elders who were interviewed, more than 70% aged 60-69 years
(young-old); 21% aged 70-79 year (old-old) and 8% aged 80 years and above (oldest-old). Further,
within each age bracket, there was, more or less equal distribution of both genders.
The mean age of the elderly was 67 years

for men and 66 years for women.
Figure 2. 1 Age distribution of elders – National Level
Total Male Female
7% Young-old
(60-69 years)
8% 8%
21% 20%
23% Old-old (70-79
years)
71% 69% 73%

Oldest-old
(80+ years)
N=5014 N=2495 N=2519
The coverage of elder population aged 60-69 years (young-old) was more in Bangalore and Mangalore
while it was relatively less in Madurai, Nagpur and Chandigarh (refer figure 2.2). Population coverage
for 80 years and above was highest in Bhubaneswar (19%), followed by Chandigarh (16%) and Kanpur
(13%). This distributed largely attribute to the actual distribution of population across 23 cities.
The mean age of the elders varies between 64 and 69 years across all cities.
13
Figure 2. 2 Age distribution of elderly – City Level
N=218 per city
100% 0% 1% 2% 3%
8% 6% 5% 6% 8% 6% 6% 6% 5% 7% 9% 9% 8% 9%
13% 10% 13% 11% 10%
19% 16%
18% 15% 18% 17% 17% 17% 22% 22%
80% 22% 25% 24% 22% 23% 25%
27% 30%
25% 31% 32%
21% 28%
60%
92%
86%
40% 80% 80% 79% 78% 77% 75% 73% 72% 71% 70% 69% 69% 68% 67% 63% 61% 61% 61% 58% 58% 56%
20%
0%
Young-old (60-69 years) Old-old (70-79 years) Oldest-old (80+ years)
14
2.2 Marital Status
Among all elders, 71% were married, 27% were widow or widower and 2% were divorced / separated
/ unmarried. Proportion of widow is four times high, in compariSon to, proportion of widower.
Percentage of currently married elders is higher among males than females, 88% and 53%
respectively. The proportion of widow or widower among oldest-old (80+ years) is double as
compared to the elders in the age group young-old (60-69 years). The ‘other’ population consist elders
who are divorced, single, separated, and did not state their marital status.
Figure 2. 3 Marital status of elderly – National Level
Total Male Female
10%
27% Married
45% Widowed
53%
Others
71%
88%
N=5014 N=2495 N=2519
22%
Married
39% 42%
Widowed
58% 55%
Others
76%
N=3543 N=1092 N=379
The city-wise distribution of the elders, in terms of, marital status has been provided
in Figure 2.4. More than 40% of the elders in Chennai, Kanpur, Nagpur and Dehradun
are widows/widowers, while this is less than 10% in Kochi, Amritsar and Mangalore.
The proportion of those who are currently married is highest in Mangalore (94%) and
lowest in Dehradun (52%).
15
Figure 2. 4 Marital status of elderly – City Level
N=218 per city
100% 2% 1% 2% 3% 1% 2% 3% 3% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1%
4% 5% 5% 4% 7% 5%
7%
21% 18% 11% 8%
28% 28% 24%
34% 30% 29% 29%
80% 34% 33% 33%
44% 42% 38% 34%
45% 40%
60%
92% 94%
40% 81% 85% 85%
75% 78%
67% 69% 70% 72% 71%
65% 64% 61% 64% 62%
54% 56% 56% 59%
52%
20%
0%
Married Widowed Others
16
2.3 Educational Status
Around one-third of the elders were illiterate, 43% have education attainment below high school while
27% were high school and above. Literacy rate was higher among males (82%) in all stages of education
as compared to females (58%). The literacy rate among oldest-old (80+ years) was very low as 49% of
the oldest were illiterate.
Figure 2. 5 Educational status of elderly – National Level
Total Male Female
18% 18%
27% Illiterate
30% 36% 42% Below high school
High school and above
48% 39%
43%
N=5014 N=2495 N=2519
15%
26% 22% Illiterate
30% 35%
49% Below high school
37% High school and above

43%
43%
N=3543 N=1092 N=379
The city-wise distribution of the elders, in terms of, educational status

has been provided in Table 2.6. More than half (50%) of the elders in
Bhopal, Vizag and Dehradun illiterate, while this is less (10%) in
Bangalore and Mangalore. The proportion of those who have education
attainment “high school and above” is highest in Mangalore (77%) and
lowest in Chandigarh and Vizag (6%).
17
Figure 2. 6 Educational status of elderly – City Level
N=218 per city

100%
6% 6%
12% 12% 14% 16% 15%
20% 20% 17%
22% 23% 26% 25%
27% 28%
34% 36% 33%
80%
33% 44% 47%
26%
32%
50%
66%
44% 43%
60% 36% 77%
29% 38% 44% 47% 55% 63%
45%
55%
40% 47% 46% 63%
38% 56%
62% 61% 43%
56%
20% 44% 44% 42% 42% 41% 39% 37% 30%
33%
28% 28%
22% 20% 23%
18% 18% 18%
11% 10% 10%
0% 4%
Illiterate Below high school High school and above
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2.4 Occupations of Elderly
At the national level, 54% of the elderly are not working, 10% are retired while 36% are working as
casual worker (20%), self-employed (10%) and service employee (6%). Casual workers are unskilled
and skilled workers like carpenter, plumber, tailor etc.
The non-working and retried population among elderly is 69% in Tier-1 cities, 65% in Tier-2 cities and
64% overall. The non-working and retried population is 69% among elderly females, 65% among
elderly males, 80% among widowed, 59% among married, 78% among oldest-old, 74% among old-old
and 61% among young-old. The non-working population consist non-earning elders and housewives
while retired consist elders retired from private or government services.
Figure 2. 7 Occupations of elderly – National Level

54% 65%
59% 76%
Not 59% 62%
working 55% 47%
55% 52%
10% 13%
10% 4%
Retired 10% 12%
10% 10% 12%
9%
5%
7% 3% 3%
Employee 7%
6%
6% 6% 7%
6%
11%
Self 7% 4% 5%
employed 7%
7%
10% 10% 12%
11%
21%
Casual 18% 13% 14%
worker 18%
13%
20% 20% 22%
23%
Tier-2
Female Widowed Oldest-old (80+ years)
Tier-1
Male Married Old-old (70-79 years)
National
Young-old (60-69 years)
Around 80% of the city (study locations) have more than 50% non-
working elderly population. This is highest (71%) in Chandigarh, followed
by Dehradun (67%) and Bhopal & Jaipur (65%). Casual workers are
highest in Mangalore (44%), followed by Kochi (40%), Vizag (34%) and
Chennai (33%).
19
Figure 2. 8 Occupations of elderly – City Level

N=218 per city
100%
30%
80% 42% 38%
49% 45%
53% 51% 51% 50%
57% 55% 55% 53%
63% 62% 61% 61% 60%
65% 65% 63% 7%
71% 67%
60% 9%
18%
7%
5% 5% 14%
11%
5% 3% 13% 7%
40% 4%
6% 12% 12% 18% 7%
37%
3% 5% 7% 1% 6% 8%
10% 14% 11%
5% 3% 2% 8%
6% 9% 6% 5%
4% 5% 17% 20% 6% 5% 13%
1% 4% 8% 5% 8% 5%
20% 10% 8% 9% 11% 25% 22% 1% 44% 40%
4% 1% 17% 33% 34%
11% 28%
6% 6% 6% 25% 28% 11%
7% 23% 22% 22% 23% 23%
17% 17%
10% 6% 10% 10% 10% 10%
8% 8% 8%
0% 3%
Casual worker Self employed Employee Retired Not working
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2.5 Ownership of house
At the national level, 69% of the elderly have a house in their own name, 7% have a house in spouse’s
name, 3% are living with others and 20% are living on rent. In compariSon to Tier-2 cities, the self-
owned property among elders is low in Tier-1 cities as 34% elders are living on rent and 11% are living
in spouse owned property. Around 78% of the oldest-old have a house in their own name, followed
by the old-old (72%) and young-old (67%).
Figure 2. 9 Ownership of house – National Level
15% 17%
21% 21%
Rented 34% 17%
20%
20% 19%
22%
3% 3%
4% 6%
Others own 4% 5%
3% 3% 2%
3%
6% 2%
Owned by 11% 7%
spouse 11% 6%
7% 3% 7%
8%
75% 78%
64% 66%
Self-owned 51% 72%
69% 74% 71% 67%
Tier-2
Tier-1
National
Around 60% of the city (study locations) consist 75% elderly

population who have house in their own name or in their spouse’s
name. The ownership is recorded highest in Jammu (95%), followed
by Nagpur (91%) and Amritsar (90%) while it is lowest in Bengaluru
(28%).
21
Figure 2. 10 Ownership of house – City Level

N=218 per city
100% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% 1% 1% 4% 3% 2% 2% 1% 2% 4%
2% 5% 6% 6% 7% 6% 8% 6%
7% 8% 10% 11%
1% 4% 4% 12% 17% 13% 6%
9% 16% 7%
22% 24% 8%
28% 31% 32%
80% 1% 19% 20%
1% 11% 11% 15% 19%
2% 32% 54% 48%
2% 44%
4%
6% 61%
60%
95% 3%
91% 90% 89% 6%
86% 84%
40% 80%
74% 72% 72% 71% 69% 69% 67% 67% 66% 66% 62% 6%
57%
20% 44% 44% 42%
28%
0%
Self-Owned Owned by spouse Rented Others own
22
2.6 Living arrangement
At the national level, 85% of the elderly are living with family, 8% are living with spouse only, 6% are
living alone and 2% are living with relatives. There is no significant difference in the living status when
compared with type of cities (Tier-1 & Tier-2), gender, marital status and the different age groups.
Figure 2. 11 Living arrangement – National Level
2% 3%
3% 4%
With
relative 2% 2%
1% 1%
2% 2%
5% 8%
8% 11%
Alone 7% 7%
4% 2%
6% 5%
7% 7%
With spouse 4% 0%
only 10% 8%
8% 11% 11%
8%
86% 82%
85% 85%
With family 81% 83%
85% 84% 86%
85%
Tier-2
Tier-1
National
Around 80% of the cities (study locations) consists of 75% elderly population
who are living with family. Chandigarh recorded the highest proportion of the
elderly living with family (97%).
23
Figure 2. 12 Living arrangement – City Level

N=218 per city
1% 1% 4% 1% 1% 6%
2% 3% 2% 1% 2% 1% 3% 2% 6% 9% 2%
100% 1% 2% 4%
4% 2% 5% 4% 5% 3% 6% 4% 3%
6% 4% 7% 6%
3% 6% 6% 7% 11% 10%
5% 7% 5% 7%
2% 10% 12% 10%
4% 8% 19%
5% 7% 12% 13%
80% 16%
12%
15%
25%
60%
98% 96% 96% 95% 95% 92% 92% 90% 89% 89% 89% 89% 85% 85% 84% 83% 82%
40% 81% 79%
72% 72%
63%
54%
20%
0%
With family With spouse only Alone With others
24
3 Perception about Elder Abuse

One of the important areas of inquiry in this research was to ascertain the extent to which elders
understand what amounts to Elder Abuse, its different forms, which type of abuse is more prevalent
at the society level at large, etc.
In order to engage and seek greater participation of elders, direct questioning on abuse was avoided
at the beginning of the interview. Instead, questions were addressed at societal level so that elders
feel comfortable and openly share their experiences, thereby, increasing reliability of responses.
3.1 Perception on what amounts to Elder Abuse?
Figure 3.1 show most elders (at the national level) believe disrespect (51%), verbal abuse (42%), being
neglect (32%), amount most to the abuse.
Every second elder opined
51% disrespect amounts most to the

Elder Abuse
Though, one-fourth affirmed economic exploitation inter alia. The extreme form of abuse such
beating/slapping (20%) and unwelcome or forcible sexual contact (6%), were also existent in the
society as opined by elders. The opinion was similar when compared across different categories like
tier, gender, age group, marital status etc. (refer table 3.2).
Figure 3. 1 Perception on what amounts to Elder Abuse – National Level
60% N=5014
51% 51% 51%
50%
42% 43%
40%
40%
31% 32% 31%
30% 24%
26%
23%
20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
20%
10% 6% 7% 6%
0%
Disrespect Beating/ Verbally Economic Unwelcome Neglect Don’t Know
Slapping Abusing Exploitation or forcible
Sexual
National level Male Female Contact
Qualitative interactions revealed that elders’ perception about abuse was based on their
experiences gathered through general observation in their community and discussion
among peer / colleague / friend / neighbour, newspaper reading, media, etc.
25
Sarna (name changed) aged 60 years of Bangalore “believes that the metropolitan
lifestyle of the young generation has led to the erosion of the bond between the
generations of family, unlike earlier, where the older people were traditionally cared for
by their offspring”.
Table 3. 1 Perception on what amounts to Elder Abuse by different categories
Exploitation
Unwelcome
Don’t Know
Disrespect
or forcible
Economic
Beating/
Slapping
Verbally
Abusing
Contact
Neglect
Sexual
Total
N=
Categories
National level 51% 20% 42% 24% 6% 31% 20% 5014

Tier
Tier-1 56% 22% 40% 24% 6% 37% 19% 1308
Tier-2 49% 20% 42% 25% 7% 29% 21% 3706
Gender
Male 51% 20% 43% 26% 7% 32% 20% 2495
Female 51% 20% 40% 23% 6% 31% 20% 2519
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 52% 21% 42% 25% 7% 32% 18% 3543
Old-old (70-79 years) 50% 19% 44% 25% 6% 32% 21% 1092
Oldest-old (80+ years) 41% 12% 30% 18% 6% 28% 36% 379
Marital Status
Married 50% 20% 41% 24% 7% 31% 20% 3528
Widowed 52% 21% 44% 27% 5% 34% 21% 1369
Others 58% 13% 33% 20% 6% 32% 21% 117
Living arrangement
Alone 51% 17% 43% 26% 4% 35% 21% 287
With spouse only 53% 17% 42% 29% 5% 42% 16% 379
With family 51% 21% 41% 24% 7% 30% 20% 4244
With others 56% 22% 48% 35% 7% 39% 19% 104
Own property
Self-Owned 48% 20% 42% 24% 7% 31% 21% 3460
Owned by spouse 70% 23% 46% 23% 9% 30% 13% 366
Others own 68% 23% 39% 40% 10% 33% 17% 175
Rented 51% 19% 38% 23% 3% 35% 22% 1013
While the city-wise trend largely rhymes with national trend, but few cities exhibit slightly different
patterns as given below:
 High reporting of abuse: Delhi, Faridabad, Kanpur, Amritsar, Chennai, Madurai, Ahmedabad,
Nagpur, Guwahati
 Low reporting of abuse: Dehradun, Jaipur, Chandigarh, Jammu, Vizag and Patna.
 In Dehradun, Jaipur, Chandigarh, Vizag and Mumbai, more than one-fourth elders could not
articulate and say what amounts to abuse. This phenomenon was more among elders aged
80 years and above.
 Delhi, Faridabad, Kanpur, Ahmedabad, Nagpur reported relatively high frequency of beating
/slapping.
 Amritsar, Kanpur, Delhi reported more frequency of unwelcome or forcible sexual contact
26
Table 3. 2 Perception on what amounts to Elder Abuse – City Level
City Name Disrespect Beating/ Verbally Economic Unwelcome or forcible Neglect Don’t Total
Slapping Abusing Exploitation Sexual Contact Know N=
Delhi 65% 43% 79% 42% 21% 43% 4% 218
Faridabad 55% 33% 63% 28% 15% 42% 13% 218
Dehradun 32% 8% 22% 27% 2% 28% 42% 218
Kanpur 56% 28% 62% 45% 21% 40% 7% 218
Jaipur 39% 23% 33% 10% 3% 6% 35% 218
Chandigarh 17% 6% 32% 6% 2% 12% 45% 218
Amritsar 52% 20% 83% 19% 26% 26% 7% 218
Jammu 24% 10% 21% 8% 2% 4% 30% 218
Bengaluru 61% 10% 13% 26% 3% 46% 16% 218
Mangalore 76% 22% 4% 22% 0% 51% 14% 218
Hyderabad 50% 17% 43% 8% 3% 48% 15% 218
Vizag 17% 8% 28% 12% 0% 16% 34% 218
Kochi 54% 20% 19% 23% 13% 28% 31% 218
Chennai 59% 20% 56% 28% 5% 40% 26% 218
Madurai 70% 6% 60% 33% 2% 67% 16% 218
Bhopal 76% 18% 58% 13% 0% 17% 10% 218
Ahmedabad 71% 25% 41% 61% 7% 32% 0% 218
Nagpur 56% 21% 60% 44% 4% 52% 11% 218
Mumbai 40% 10% 33% 12% 5% 18% 40% 218
Kolkata 58% 32% 18% 28% 0% 28% 12% 218
Patna 17% 19% 32% 5% 4% 23% 23% 218
Bhubaneswar 53% 33% 33% 27% 0% 17% 19% 218
Guwahati 77% 34% 67% 34% 8% 40% 10% 218
National level 51% 20% 42% 24% 6% 31% 20% 5014
27
When elders were asked to rank the type of abuse, most elders across all cities ranked “disrespect”
on top (Mean score 1.2), followed by “verbal abuse” (Mean score 1.9), neglect/ beating and slapping
(Mean score 2.3). Economic exploitation (Mean score 2.5) and unwelcome or forcible sexual contact
(3.5) ranked least (refer Figure 3.2).
Figure 3. 2 Perception ranking on type of Elder Abuse – City Level

N=4006
Delhi
National
Total 0.0 Faridabad
Guwahati Dehradun
1.0
Bhubaneswar Kanpur
2.0
Patna 3.0 Jaipur
4.0
Kolkata Chandigarh
5.0
Mumbai 6.0 Amritsar
Nagpur Jammu
Ahmedabad Bengaluru
Bhopal Mangalore
Madurai Hyderabad
Chennai Vizag
Kochi
Disrespect Beating/ Slapping

Verbally Abusing Economic Exploitation
Unwelcome or forcible Sexual Contact Neglect
3.2 Prevalence of Elder Abuse in the society
Further, elders were asked about their opinion on whether Elder Abuse is prevalent in our society in
any form, at the aggregate level, 60% elders have confirmed in support. The opinion was similar when
compared across different categories like tier, gender, age group etc (refer table 3.3).
28
Table 3. 3 Perception about prevalence of Elder Abuse in society by different categories
Does Elder Abuse in any form

Categories Prevalence of Elder Abuse
Total
N=
prevalent in your society?
Yes High Somewhat High Low
National level 60% 43% 44% 12% 3021
Tier
Tier-1 65% 49% 41% 9% 856
Tier-2 58% 41% 45% 13% 2165
Gender
Male 60% 43% 44% 13% 1501
Female 60% 44% 44% 12% 1520
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 62% 43% 44% 12% 2187
Old-old (70-79 years) 60% 43% 45% 12% 653
Oldest-old (80+ years) 48% 48% 42% 10% 181
Marital Status
Married 60% 42% 45% 13% 2119
Widowed 61% 48% 41% 11% 837
Others 56% 49% 45% 6% 65
Living arrangement
Alone 62% 52% 38% 10% 178
With spouse only 60% 50% 38% 12% 226
With family 60% 42% 45% 13% 2553
With others 62% 59% 41% 0% 64
Own property
Self-Owned 59% 41% 45% 14% 2054
Owned by spouse 62% 30% 58% 12% 226
Others own 64% 50% 41% 9% 112
Rented 62% 53% 38% 8% 629
At the national level, among those who confirmed that Elder Abuse is prevalent in society, more than
60% of the elders perceive that verbal abuse and disrespect are prevalent in society majorly, followed
by neglect (43%), economic exploitation (39%) and beating/slapping (32%). Unwelcome or forcible
sexual contact were perceived by least (8%). The compariSon of forms across different categories like
tier, gender, age group etc. have been presented in table 3.4. Perception is similar among elderly
males and females.
Figure 3. 3 Perceived forms of Elder Abuse present in society – National Level

70% 65% N=3021
60%
60%
Disrespect
50%
43% Beating/ Slapping
39%
40%
32% Verbally Abusing
30%
Economic Exploitation
20%
Unwelcome or forcible Sexual Contact
8%
10%
Neglect
0%
29
Qualitative interactions revealed that elders’ perception about abuse was based on their
experiences gathered through general observation in their community and discussion
among peer / colleague / friend / neighbour, newspaper reading, media, etc.
Table 3. 4 Perceived forms of Elder Abuse present in society by different categories
Exploitation
Unwelcome
Disrespect
or forcible
Economic
Beating/
(Specify)
Slapping
Verbally
Abusing
Contact
Neglect
Others
Sexual
Total
N=
Categories
National level 65% 32% 60% 39% 8% 43% 1% 3021

Tier
Tier-1 67% 36% 51% 38% 9% 47% 1% 856
Tier-2 63% 30% 64% 39% 8% 41% 1% 2165
Gender
Male 64% 30% 61% 40% 9% 44% 1% 1501
Female 65% 33% 60% 38% 7% 42% 2% 1520
Age group
Young-old (60-69 65% 32% 59% 39% 9% 42% 1% 2187
years)
Old-old (70-79 years) 64% 32% 66% 39% 7% 43% 2% 653
Oldest-old (80+ years) 61% 27% 55% 38% 6% 44% 2% 181
Marital Status
Married 63% 31% 58% 37% 8% 41% 1% 2119
Widowed 68% 35% 66% 45% 7% 47% 2% 837
Others 71% 23% 55% 35% 14% 48% 3% 65
Living arrangement
Alone 69% 31% 61% 49% 7% 49% 2% 178
With spouse only 69% 27% 64% 45% 4% 52% 1% 226
With family 63% 32% 60% 37% 9% 41% 1% 2553
With others 81% 44% 72% 50% 13% 53% 5% 64
Own property
Self-Owned 62% 32% 62% 39% 9% 41% 1% 2054
Owned by spouse 77% 36% 71% 43% 8% 37% 1% 226
Others own 79% 29% 58% 45% 13% 52% 1% 112
Rented 67% 31% 51% 37% 6% 48% 1% 629
It was above national average in 14 cities (out of total 23 cities) namely Delhi, Bhuvneshwar,
Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Amritsar and Guwahati, etc. (refer Figure 3.3). The trend exhibits similar pattern
when looked at between Tier-1 and Tier-2 cities and gender-wise.
Those who confirmed that Elder Abuse is prevalent in our society in any form, were asked subsequent
question on extent of prevalence. As shown in Figure 3.4, majority of elders (88%) believed that Elder
Abuse prevalence is high in our society. Relatively low proportion of elder in Chandigarh do not opined
so as only half of them think similar.
Since a large proportion has affirmed the prevalence of Elder Abuse, their opinion on the forms in
which Elder Abuse is prevalent in our society and its ranking is symmetric to analysis presented above
(refer Figure 3.2 and 3.3).
30
Figure 3. 4 Prevalence of Elder Abuse in the society – City Level
100.0
N=218 per city
90.0 87 87 86 86
83
80.0 76
69 69 68
70.0 65
63 62 62 62 60
60.0
54 52 50
50.0
44
40.0 36
33 33
30
30.0 28
20.0
10.0
0.0
31
Figure 3. 5 Extent of prevalence of Elder Abuse in the society– City Level
N=3021 for all cities

100% 4 1 3
7 6 5 9 5 6
13 11 9 10 12
14 14 14 16
90% 21 22 23
26 27
80%
48
70%
60%
50% 96 99 97
93 94 95 91 95 94
88 89 91 90 88
86 86 86 84
40% 79 78 77
74 73
30%
52
20%
10%
0%
High Low
32
4 Personal Experience on Elder Abuse

Previous chapter inquired about the prevalence of Elder Abuse at the societal level, however, this
chapter presents when it comes at confirming it at personal level, how many of them talk and provide
their candid opinion.
4.1 Victims of Elder Abuse
At the national level, 25% elders have confirmed they have been victim of Elder Abuse ever. There
was almost no distinction between male and female elders and city tier-wise trend.
25% Every fourth elder (irrespective

of gender) has faced abuse ever
Elder Abuse was reported maximum in Mangalore, Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Amritsar, Delhi and Kanpur.
It was least a concern in Jammu, Mumbai, Vizag, Kochi, Guwahati.
When compared age-group wise, data analysis shows the reporting of abuse was more (27%) among
60-69-year-old elders than elders aged 70-79 years (22%) and elders aged 80 years and above (18%).
Similarly, there is hardly any different in trend when personal abuse data was disaggregated by living
arrangement. Those living with family or relative was facing same issue as those living alone or with
some other person.
Table 4. 1 Experience of Elder Abuse by different categories
Categories Have you ever been a victim of Elder Abuse? Total

No Yes N=
National level 75% 25% 5014
Tier
Tier-1 76% 24% 1308
Tier-2 74% 26% 3706
Gender
Male 73% 27% 2495
Female 76% 24% 2519
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 73% 27% 3543
Old-old (70-79 years) 78% 22% 1092
Oldest-old (80+ years) 82% 18% 379
Living arrangement
Alone 74% 26% 287
With spouse only 75% 25% 379
With family 75% 25% 4244
With others 69% 31% 104
Own property
Self-Owned 75% 25% 3460
Owned by spouse 70% 30% 366
Others own 71% 29% 175
Rented 74% 26% 1013
33
One of the elderly aged 63 years in Mangalore quoted “elders face abuse ranging from
verbal to financial abuse due to the fact that their children are alcohol addicts and are
unable to meet the expenses of their parents. Children forcibly become the decision-
making authority of the household which further depicts older people as frail, weak and
dependents”.
The elderly believe that the household environment dominated by young generation very
often dispossess older people of their due respect and gives a feeling of “left alone”.
Sunita (name changed) aged 67 years of Jaipur stated “my neighbour had a fight with
his Son last week and as a consequence, faced Elder Abuse by his Son for which the other
neighbours had to intervene for the settlement of the matter”. It is believed that the
major confinement of the young generation to the external world outside home has led
to the dysfunctional family life and therefore, the exploitation and increasing
vulnerability of the elderly.
Dinesh (name changed) aged 73 years of Bhopal said that “the resultant eviction of the
older parents from the house forces the elderly to beg and live their remaining life on
the streets and hence, deteriorates their health due to lack of respect and dignity”.
BROKEN VOICES – Victims of Elder Abuse give voice to their wounds

(Names have been changed to protect the identity of the abused)
“My Sons want sell the house to start their own business, they often ask me when will you die.”
63-year-old, Inderjeet Singh (Amritsar)
“I sold my old property and purchased a flat as I did not have house to live in, as a result my Son just
left me to fend for myself, as he wanted all the money for his own business”
64-year-old, Siddesh (Dehradun)
“I am a widower and not earning, my Son told me why don’t you go back to your village as he finds
me a burden.”
65-year-old, Pinaki Chakraborty (Kolkata)
“My Son asks me to do household chores and look after his children, as if I am their servant.”
65-year-old, Savita Khan (Kanpur)
“As my age is increasing I get tired easily, my Son often sends me out for civil work and says what
are you doing at home”
67-year-old, Rakesh Chauhan (Delhi)
“I am suffering from a disease and do most things on bed, my Daughter-in-law often fights with my
Son due to sanitation/hygiene problems caused by me”
75-year-old, Amit Srivastava (Nagpur)
34
“My Daughter-in-law does not like my Son spending money on me due to my ill-health. She thinks
her recreational opportunities are being curtailed”
69-year-old, Radha Raman (Lucknow)
“My Son shouted at me when I purchased a costly watch from my pension money, he said you are
wasting money”
64-year-old, Prem Lata (Lucknow)
“My Daughter-in-law wanted our property to be transferred in her name, to pressurize, she put a
dowry charge on me”
65 years old, Suman Sharma (Delhi)
“My Daughter-in-law kicked me hard when nobody was at home and registered false police
complaint against me”
62 years old, Vineeta (Kanpur)
“My Son and Daughter in-law do not allow my grandchildren to meet me, they don’t even care about
my health problems”
72 years old, Hariprakash (Patna)
“I went to the police station to register a complaint against my Son, but the officer arrested me
instead and threatened to put me in a lock-up forever”
63 years old, Jaspreet (Amritsar)
“Behaviour of my Son has been changed after registering the property in his name, he now harasses
me frequently.”
75 years old, Abdul (Bhopal)
“I need to obey instructions of my Son & Daughter-in-law even to eat food.”

66 years old, Sanjeevbhai (Ahmedabad)
“No one comes to see me whenever I have sanitation related problem.”

76 years old, Geeta Devi (Delhi)
“It’s been a long time and I have not heard from my Son, is he alive?”
76 years old, Dineshbhai (Ahmedabad)
35
Figure 4. 1 Experience of Elder Abuse – City Level

50.0 47
46 N=218 per city and 5014 for all cities
45.0
40.0 39
35
35.0 33
30
30.0 28 27 27 26 25
24 23
25.0 23 22 22 22 21 21
20.0 17
15
15.0 13 13 12
10.0
5.0
0.0
36
Those who reported abuse were asked to mention which form of abuse they experienced. The most
common form of abuse prevalent was Disrespect (56%), Verbal Abuse (49%) and Neglect (34%).
This clearly show that the softer form of abuse is more widespread than extreme form of abuse. The
trend is quite similar to elders’ perception on different forms of abuse as discussed in previous
chapter.
Disrespect and Verbal Abuse
~50% emerged as major form of

Elder Abuse
The forms of abuse experience by the elders among different categories have been presented in
below table. There seems insignificant difference among forms of abuse experienced by elderly
males as compared to elderly females.
Table 4. 2 Forms of Elder Abuse experienced by elders across different categories

Exploitatio
Unwelcom
Disrespect
Economic
Beating/
(Specify)
Slapping
Verbally
Abusing
Contact
forcible
Neglect
Others
Sexual
Total
Categories e or
n
National level 56% 12% 49% 22% 1% 34% 3% 1278

Tier
Tier-1 62% 10% 44% 19% 1% 41% 1% 316
Tier-2 54% 12% 51% 23% 1% 31% 4% 962
Gender
Male 55% 10% 47% 21% 1% 33% 3% 662
Female 58% 14% 52% 22% 1% 35% 3% 616
Age group
Young-old (60-69
55% 12% 49% 21% 1% 33% 3% 973
years)
Old-old (70-79 years) 58% 11% 53% 21% 2% 35% 3% 238
Oldest-old (80+ years) 63% 13% 51% 33% 1% 33% 0% 67
Marital Status
Married 53% 12% 45% 19% 1% 33% 3% 918
Widowed 65% 12% 61% 30% 1% 37% 2% 337
Others 61% 4% 43% 17% 0% 30% 4% 23
Living arrangement
Alone 74% 16% 67% 33% 1% 41% 1% 76
With spouse only 52% 10% 56% 27% 3% 37% 2% 94
With family 55% 12% 47% 20% 1% 33% 3% 1076
With others 75% 9% 63% 44% 3% 44% 0% 32
Own property
Self-Owned 54% 12% 49% 22% 1% 33% 3% 855
Owned by spouse 61% 12% 52% 13% 0% 17% 4% 109
Others own 63% 10% 53% 25% 0% 29% 2% 51
Rented 59% 10% 48% 24% 3% 43% 2% 263
The city-wise reporting of different form of abuses show largely an inter-play between disrespect,
verbal abuse and neglect.
37
Table 4. 3 Forms of Elder Abuse experienced by elders – City Level
City Name Disrespect Beating/ Verbally Economic Unwelcome or Neglect Total

Slapping Abusing Exploitation forcible Sexual N=
Contact
Delhi 48% 10% 58% 11% 4% 34% 71
Faridabad 49% 10% 59% 17% 5% 31% 59
Dehradun 80% 15% 57% 59% 0% 50% 46
Kanpur 39% 8% 71% 21% 3% 27% 66
Jaipur 41% 15% 62% 7% 2% 18% 61
Chandigarh 36% 13% 49% 20% 0% 22% 45
Amritsar 38% 8% 73% 14% 1% 19% 77
Jammu 48% 22% 59% 15% 4% 19% 27
Bengaluru 73% 2% 5% 7% 0% 52% 56
Mangalore 42% 6% 3% 5% 0% 39% 103
Hyderabad 72% 11% 64% 19% 2% 55% 53
Vizag 52% 10% 45% 28% 0% 7% 29
Kochi 64% 12% 24% 18% 0% 24% 33
Chennai 55% 7% 45% 31% 0% 40% 58
Madurai 83% 9% 89% 43% 2% 81% 47
Bhopal 79% 20% 70% 15% 0% 14% 84
Ahmedabad 71% 6% 39% 36% 0% 32% 100
Nagpur 54% 19% 67% 44% 0% 54% 48
Mumbai 54% 11% 75% 14% 0% 39% 28
Kolkata 70% 20% 26% 30% 0% 24% 50
Patna 17% 21% 48% 8% 8% 38% 48
Bhubaneswar 82% 22% 29% 31% 0% 29% 51
Guwahati 47% 11% 53% 29% 0% 32% 38
National level 56% 12% 49% 22% 1% 34% 1278
38
And, this was evident when elders were asked to rank the form of abuse they faced, where,
“disrespect” emerged on top with Mean score 1.2 and “verbal abuse” and “neglect” was ranked
second with mean score 1.7 (refer Figure 4.3).
Figure 4. 2 Ranking of abuse – National Level
Delhi N=1278
Total 1.0 Faridabad
Guwahati 1.2 Dehradun
1.4
Bhubaneswar Kanpur
1.6
1.8
Patna 2.0 Jaipur
2.2
Kolkata 2.4 Chandigarh
2.6
2.8
Mumbai 3.0 Amritsar
Nagpur Jammu
Ahmedabad Bengaluru
Bhopal Mangalore
Madurai Hyderabad
Chennai Vizag
Kochi
(Disrespect) (Beating/ Slapping)

(Verbally Abusing) (Economic Exploitation)
(Unwelcome or forcible Sexual Contact) (Neglect)
4.2 Duration of abuse and frequency
Those elders who ever faced abuse, were asked since when they have been a victim of the abuse.
Majority reported around 5 years (Mean score 4.8), at national level. The cities where it was more
than 5 years were Dehradun, Madurai, Nagpur, Kolkata. The duration of abuse was apparently low in
Mangalore, Chandigarh, Kochi.
39
Figure 4. 3 Duration of abuse (in years) – National Level
N=1278
Total
National 5
Guwahati 6
Bhubaneswar 6
Patna 6
Kolkata 7
Mumbai 5
Nagpur 7
Ahmedabad 5
Bhopal 4
Madurai 6
Chennai 5
Kochi 3
Vizag 5
Hyderabad 4
Mangalore 1
Bengaluru 4
Jammu 5
Amritsar 5
Chandigarh 3
Jaipur 5
Kanpur 6
Dehradun 6
Faridabad 4
Delhi 6
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
As far as frequency of abuse is concerned, elders were asked to report instances of any form of abuse
in last one year. The below table presents mean score of frequency of abuse. The score varies from 1
to 5, where 1 depicts low frequency and 5 depicts high frequency. In other words, the concentration
of frequencies was “once in a month” and “once in a few months”.
40
Table 4. 4 Frequency of abuse – City Level
City name (Disrespect) (Beating/ Slapping) (Verbally (Economic (Unwelcome or forcible (Neglect)
Abusing) Exploitation) Sexual Contact)
Delhi 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8
Haryana 1.7 2.7 1.9 1.5 2 2.3
Uttarakhand 1.3 2.7 1.8 1.2 5 1.1
Uttar Pradesh 2.1 2.8 2 2.6 4 1.7
Rajasthan 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1 1.5
Chandigarh 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 5 1.8
Punjab 1.5 2.2 2.2 1.4 2 2
J&K 1.7 3.2 2.2 1.5 3 1.2
Karnataka 1.9 2.1 1.3 2.4 5 1.8
Andhra Pradesh 1.8 2 1.9 1.7 4 2.2
Kerala 2.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 5 2
Tamil Nadu 1.4 2.1 1.5 1.9 2 1.6
Madhya Pradesh 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.1 5 1.4
Gujarat 1.5 2.3 1.6 1 5 1.4
Maharashtra 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.4 5 1.2
West Bengal 1.6 2 1.3 1.4 5 1.8
Bihar 1.2 1.9 2.2 3 2 2.1
Odisha 1.3 2.1 1.5 1.2 5 1.7
Assam 1.3 1.2 1.7 2 5 1.7
National level 1.6 2 1.7 1.6 2.3 1.7
*The score varies from 1 to 5, where 1 depicts high frequency and 5 depicts low frequency.
41
4.3 Abusers and their profile
 At the national level, the main abusers were Son (52%) and Daughter-in-law (34%).
 The median age of abuser is 42 years.
 The percentage of elders reported Son and Daughter-in-law as main abuser were relatively
low in Tier-2 cities as compared to Tier-1 cities
 Among elderly males and female, there seems insignificant difference for Son while Daughter-
in-law has been reported high by elderly females.
 There seems an increase in abuse by Daughter-in-law as the age of elderly increases.
 The widowed elderly faces relatively higher abuse from Daughter-in-law as compared to
currently married elderly.
 The other categories had a similar trend as above and it is almost consistent across cities.
Table 4. 5 Person responsible for Elder Abuse by different categories
Abusers
of the abuser
Daughter-in-
Spouse/part
Median age
Grand child
Caregiver /
Son-in-law
Daughter
servant
Parent
Total
Son
law
ner
N=
Categories
National level 42 52% 34% 14% 6% 1% 3% 6% 1% 1278

Tier
Tier-1 42 54% 38% 10% 9% 1% 2% 6% 2% 316
Tier-2 42 51% 33% 15% 5% 1% 3% 5% 1% 962
Gender
Male 43 53% 29% 17% 6% 1% 3% 4% 1% 662
Female 41 50% 40% 11% 7% 1% 3% 7% 2% 616
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 40 52% 33% 14% 6% 1% 3% 4% 2% 973
Old-old (70-79 years) 49 53% 38% 12% 6% 0% 2% 9% 0% 238
Oldest-old (80+ years) 58 45% 43% 18% 10% 0% 6% 10% 1% 67
Marital Status
Married 42 53% 31% 17% 5% 1% 2% 5% 1% 918
Widowed 43 51% 45% 7% 9% 1% 3% 7% 2% 337
Others 41 35% 26% 4% 4% 4% 4% 0% 4% 23
Living arrangement
Alone 44 51% 43% 7% 11% 0% 3% 7% 4% 76
With spouse only 42 53% 36% 18% 7% 3% 1% 3% 0% 94
With family 42 52% 34% 14% 6% 1% 3% 5% 1% 1076
With others 46 25% 28% 6% 13% 0% 9% 13% 13% 32
Own property
Self-Owned 43 52% 33% 15% 6% 1% 3% 5% 1% 855
Owned by spouse 41 53% 44% 9% 1% 0% 2% 6% 1% 109
Others own 46 43% 25% 14% 12% 4% 4% 8% 4% 51
Rented 42 51% 38% 13% 8% 1% 3% 6% 2% 263
42
 Most abusers (70%) were educated upto 12th standard. Though 50% of them were educated
between 5th Standard to 12th Standards.
Figure 4. 4 Educational attainment of abuser – National Level
3.4% N=1278
4.8% 4.5% 8.5%
3.2% Illiterate
5.3%
Literate without formal schooling
6.9% School-Up to 4 years
9.3% School-5 to 9 years
Secondary / Matric passed (Class-X)
Hr./Sr. Secondary passed (Class-XII)
5.2%
19.8% Some College (including Diploma) but not graduate
Graduate (general degree)
12.1% Post graduate (general degree)
Graduate (professional degree)
17.1% Post graduate (professional degree)
Don’t Know / Can’t Say
 Most abusers (40%) were skilled workers, self-employed own account workers, working in the
private sector. Nearly 28% abusers were housewives.
Figure 4. 5 Occupation of abuser – National Level
N=1278
Unskilled worker
Skilled worker (carpenter/ plumber/ tailor)

5.3% 8.1%
Self-employed: own account worker (small shops
owner/petty traders)
Self-employed: Professionals (doctor/ lawyer/ CA etc.)
15.6%
27.9% Self-employed: employer (factory owner / showroom owner
etc.)
Private service
12.2% Government service
3.7% Housewife
5.4%
5.1% Retired from Private company
12.8%
Retired from State Govt. Service
Retired Central Govt. Servant (PSU/ Nationalized Bank /

University/ Hospital etc.)
Not able to work due to disability
Do not do any work
43
Table 4. 6 Person responsible for abuse – City Level
City Name Son Daughter-in- Spouse/partner Daughter Grand Parent Caregiver / Son-in-law Total
law child servant N=
Delhi 62% 44% 11% 4% 7% 0% 3% 1% 71
Faridabad 42% 47% 32% 7% 7% 3% 3% 5% 59
Dehradun 61% 28% 13% 4% 0% 0% 0% 2% 46
Kanpur 47% 55% 9% 3% 11% 0% 0% 5% 66
Jaipur 57% 23% 10% 2% 18% 3% 0% 2% 61
Chandigarh 53% 47% 7% 0% 7% 0% 0% 2% 45
Amritsar 56% 27% 29% 8% 8% 0% 0% 5% 77
Jammu 59% 30% 15% 7% 7% 4% 4% 4% 27
Bengaluru 57% 30% 5% 16% 9% 0% 0% 4% 56
Mangalore 47% 14% 10% 3% 1% 2% 0% 2% 103
Hyderabad 64% 36% 9% 13% 4% 2% 6% 2% 53
Vizag 55% 17% 21% 17% 3% 3% 0% 7% 29
Kochi 30% 27% 15% 0% 3% 0% 12% 6% 33
Chennai 48% 33% 7% 14% 5% 3% 3% 3% 58
Madurai 51% 49% 15% 26% 6% 0% 0% 2% 47
Bhopal 51% 51% 13% 0% 5% 0% 0% 1% 84
Ahmedabad 47% 26% 15% 0% 3% 0% 1% 0% 100
Nagpur 40% 25% 17% 4% 6% 0% 0% 0% 48
Mumbai 32% 54% 18% 4% 7% 0% 0% 0% 28
Kolkata 50% 36% 12% 4% 4% 0% 0% 0% 50
Patna 54% 38% 8% 8% 4% 0% 2% 2% 48
Bhubaneswar 61% 39% 24% 10% 2% 0% 2% 4% 51
Guwahati 61% 24% 5% 5% 0% 5% 0% 5% 38
National level 52% 34% 14% 6% 6% 1% 1% 3% 1278
44
4.4 Reasons of abuse
Why do abusers, abuse elders? This issue was explored during the survey. And, a host of reasons have
been reported which, many times, occur in complexities to each other (Table 4.7). Elders perceive that
they are mainly abused as their children wants to live independently, do not like their way of living,
treat them as burden and lack resources to meet their needs. Also, due to issue of property. The trend
is consistent across cities and among different categories
Table 4. 7 Reasons of abuse
meet my financial needs
Think me as burden due

Fixed Deposit linked in
My family want to live
to my old-age related
Family do not like my

entitled to my name
Lack of resources to
My interference in
Pension amount is
Issue of Property
family matters
independently
way of living
my name
issues
Total
N=
Categories
National level 22% 7% 11% 26% 22% 25% 23% 10% 1278
Tier
Tier-1 23% 7% 13% 30% 24% 23% 25% 11% 316
Tier-2 22% 7% 10% 25% 21% 25% 22% 9% 962
Gender
Male 22% 8% 10% 25% 22% 23% 21% 11% 662
Female 22% 6% 11% 28% 22% 26% 26% 8% 616
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 22% 7% 10% 26% 22% 23% 23% 10% 973
Old-old (70-79 years) 20% 5% 12% 26% 24% 31% 25% 10% 238
Oldest-old (80+ years) 27% 6% 19% 30% 21% 33% 25% 6% 67
Marital Status
Married 22% 8% 9% 25% 22% 22% 22% 9% 918
Widowed 22% 4% 14% 31% 21% 31% 28% 10% 337
Others 30% 4% 17% 9% 22% 17% 13% 9% 23
Living arrangement
Alone 25% 7% 13% 37% 22% 30% 32% 11% 76
With spouse only 20% 3% 7% 31% 20% 33% 26% 12% 94
With family 22% 7% 11% 25% 22% 23% 22% 9% 1076
With others 19% 6% 16% 31% 28% 38% 34% 6% 32
Own property
Self-Owned 23% 6% 10% 25% 21% 23% 22% 9% 855
Owned by spouse 20% 8% 18% 33% 22% 27% 15% 8% 109
Others own 25% 2% 6% 22% 16% 27% 22% 18% 51
Rented 20% 10% 10% 29% 25% 27% 31% 11% 263
Old age has been regarded as that time of the life when people because of physical
decline, can no longer carry out their household or work roles and calls for Elder Abuse
at the hands of their children and grandchildren.
Mahesh Kumar (name changed) aged 70 years of Kanpur narrated “high family size has
been the reason for the mistreatment received by us in our household since the siblings
45
fight amongst each other for the property owned by us, and leaves us in a dilemma of
about the source of anticipated support during the hardships of old age.
Most of the elders in the eastern cities Kolkata, Bhubaneshwar, Guwahati stated that
Daughter-in-laws want to stay alone with their husband and kids. Adult children after
taking control of property throw elders out from the house. Further, age is the biggest
factor which hinders them from work and they are forced to beg for an earning. Female
elders above a 75 years of age cannot contribute to the household work and thus are
mistreated by their daughters-in-law many times frequently in a day. If elders don’t obey
instructions of their Sons/Daughter-in-law, they do not allow grandchildren to meet with
the grandparents and neglect them. No money and property in the elders’ name leads
towards bad economic condition of elders and their spouse.
Many of the Elder Abuse victims in Amritsar quoted that their children want them to die
so that they can distribute wealth among brothers/sisters for their interest. Elders
opined number of reasons but one of the important reasons was Punjab being the place
where Sons prefer to do business.
Most of the urban audience of Delhi and Mumbai where both husband and wife were
working and wanted a nuclear family as they have least time to take care of their
parents.
Elders in Delhi, Bangalore and Mumbai stated that “elders spent most time in home and
are expected to help in managing household activities/ repair/construction work/bank
work, etc. They feel bad when at times they are not willing and children question them
“what are you doing sitting at home” and treat them badly.
One elder 79 years of age in Nagpur said, “As one grows older, one has personal health
issues, it becomes all the more challenging for Daughter-in-law to manage”.
Some elders of the Kanpur had disease and they were bed ridden and required sanitation
help, which was clearly refused by the daughter-in law (those as housewives).
Elders In metropolitan cities stated that “many elders who are financially independent
(also own a house) and their children are living with them, often advice their children,
which is treated as “interference”.
Elders In metropolitan cities think that “they are being used for household activities and
managing their children.”
Most of the elders above age 75 years stated that “their personal habits like sanitation
related, coughing, smoking etc. are not liked by daughter-in-law and Son”.
Majority of cities, where disrespect and verbal abuse was quoted. Elders opined “it is a
story of every second house”.
46
4.5 Reporting of abuse to any person /agency
Both formal and non-formal mechanisms adopted by elders were probed in case they made an
attempt to report their case. At the national level, only 18% elders have confirmed that they have
made an attempt to report abuse. The trend varies across cities (refer Figure 4.6). The reporting is low
by elderly females (16%) as compared to elderly males (20%). There seems a decrement trend in the
reporting behaviour as the age of the elderly increases, rest other categories have no significant
difference in reporting behaviour.
Table 4. 8 Reporting of abuse across different categories
Have you made any attempt to report these

Categories
Total
N=
incidents to any person / agency?
No Yes
Tier
Tier-1 81% 19% 316
Tier-2 82% 18% 962
Gender
Male 80% 20% 662
Female 84% 16% 616
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 81% 19% 973
Old-old (70-79 years) 84% 16% 238
Marital Status
Married 82% 18% 918
Widowed 81% 19% 337
Others 87% 13% 23
Living arrangement
Alone 80% 20% 76
With others 84% 16% 32
Own property
Self-Owned 81% 19% 855
Rented 87% 13% 263
Why elders However, those who did not report abuse, nearly 52% of them opined
it will not be good for their “family honour”, 34% felt “they did not know
do not how to go about it” (lack of awareness). This trend was consistent
across all cities and categories (refer table 4.9).
report?
47
Figure 4. 6 Reporting of abuse to any person/ agency – City Level
40% N=1278 for all cities
36%
35%
30% 31%
30%
25% 24% 24%

23% 22%
21%
20% 20% 20%
20% 19% 18%
17% 17%
14% 15% 15%
15%
12%
11% 11%
10% 9%
7%
5%
5%
0%
48
Table 4. 9 Reasons for not reporting about Elder Abuse to person/agency

Apparent
Lacked Confidence in ability To maintain
Did not know how to deal Ineffectiveness Fear of Total
of any person/ agency to confidentiality of
with problem available channels of Retaliation N=
solve problem family matter
reporting and redress
Delhi 15% 45% 45% 11% 16% 55
Faridabad 7% 36% 61% 11% 7% 56
Dehradun 16% 44% 56% 31% 6% 32
Kanpur 7% 25% 67% 7% 13% 60
Jaipur 5% 35% 60% 7% 5% 57
Chandigarh 36% 22% 44% 6% 6% 36
Amritsar 11% 17% 73% 6% 11% 66
Jammu 5% 27% 64% 23% 14% 22
Bengaluru 27% 56% 42% 22% 9% 45
Mangalore 20% 52% 28% 1% 1% 92
Hyderabad 2% 43% 45% 19% 11% 47
Vizag 0% 65% 35% 0% 5% 20
Kochi 24% 45% 38% 7% 14% 29
Chennai 21% 10% 56% 13% 27% 48
Madurai 3% 13% 93% 0% 13% 40
Bhopal 20% 37% 57% 22% 4% 54
Ahmedabad 11% 28% 53% 18% 11% 80
Nagpur 2% 34% 61% 5% 12% 41
Mumbai 9% 41% 55% 0% 9% 22
Kolkata 21% 21% 54% 10% 23% 39
Patna 23% 38% 30% 5% 15% 40
Bhubaneswar 33% 10% 44% 0% 21% 39
Guwahati 14% 41% 41% 7% 14% 29
National level 14% 34% 52% 10% 11% 1049
49
It is clear from Figure 4.7 that still many elders think / find contacting relative / friend is easier or
probably first level of reporting. It shows their tendency to resolve issues within the family level, as
neither reaching out to police will be good for their family’s social image nor they would want to take
a strong action against their own children.
Figure 4. 7 Whom did elders approached for reporting – National Level

N=229
40.0%
36%
35.0% 31%
30.0% 27%
25.0%
19%
20.0%
15.0% 12%
10%
10.0%
5% 4%
5.0% 3% 3%
0.0%
This was evident also when elders were asked why did they choose to contact a relative / friend and
other family members, around 50% reported they wanted to maintain confidentially. Though more
than one-third expressed they had confidence that the person will be effective on whom they
approached. Nearly, equal proportion were confused and clueless as to whom to approach but their
fall back choice was relative/friend.
The older people in Kolkata resort to informing Communist Party of India (Marxist) as a
redressal mechanism of overcoming the issue of Elder Abuse, however, no permanent
solutions have been witnessed. The already existing laws need to be more functional in
nature so as to bring out the reforms in the poor condition of the elderly. The social
structure defining particularly children have been held responsible by all the IDI
respondents for the Elder Abuse. Elderly are exploited financially, verbally, physically by
the hands of their children.
Table 4.10 depicts city-wise distribution which show large variations. It is worth specifying here that
while reading the below data the corresponding base should be referred. If the base is too low, it may
mislead the interpretation.
50
Table 4. 10 Why did you choose a person / agency for reporting – City Level
Confidence in the ability of Did not know any other way To maintain Apparent Ineffectiveness Total
the person/ agency to solve to deal with the problem confidentiality of the of other ways and means N=
the problem family matter
Delhi 44% 31% 44% 13% 16
Faridabad 67% 67% 33% 0% 3
Dehradun 21% 36% 43% 14% 14
Kanpur 33% 0% 67% 17% 6
Jaipur 75% 25% 100% 0% 4
Chandigarh 78% 33% 22% 0% 9
Amritsar 27% 55% 55% 9% 11
Jammu 20% 60% 60% 0% 5
Bengaluru 91% 45% 9% 9% 11
Mangalore 55% 45% 9% 0% 11
Hyderabad 0% 17% 100% 0% 6
Vizag 33% 33% 33% 11% 9
Kochi 50% 25% 50% 25% 4
Chennai 10% 10% 70% 10% 10
Madurai 71% 71% 43% 14% 7
Bhopal 20% 23% 67% 10% 30
Ahmedabad 5% 20% 90% 10% 20
Nagpur 43% 43% 43% 0% 7
Mumbai 33% 0% 50% 0% 6
Kolkata 64% 36% 0% 0% 11
Patna 25% 38% 25% 13% 8
Bhubaneswar 75% 17% 33% 0% 12
Guwahati 33% 11% 56% 11% 9
National level 38% 31% 48% 8% 229
51
Among those Nevertheless, it was disappointing that only 35% of the total reporting was
successfully resolved. It is important to note here overall there were 229
reported, only
reporting, of which, only Bhopal and Ahmedabad had more than 20
35% elders’
reporting. Rest all cities had reporting ranging from 5 to 15. Thus, city-wise
issue was distribution of resolution may not be appropriate. What can be inferred is
resolved finally every third reporting gets final resolution.
4.6 Effective ways of dealing with Elder Abuse in the society
Elders were also asked to tell how we can deal with the situation effectively, and suggestions are
many. Sensitization of children and strengthen inter-generational bonding, sensitization of young
adults through series of mass media activities, social media is required. Also, increasing economic
independence of the abused is important to protect them from any vulnerabilities. The views of
elderly males and elderly females are similar to each other.
Figure 4. 8 Effective ways of dealing with Elder Abuse in the society – National Level
N=5014
During an In-Depth-Interview, one of the elderly aged 74 years from Chennai expressed
that the “information regarding the old age homes need to be disseminated at the
societal level, following a target approach concomitant, by the need to start the pension
system so as to take care of post retirement age and reduce dependency on children,
realizing it to be the most effective way to deal with Elder Abuse. This is also required to
bring about financial stability in the life of the elderly”.
52
During one of the IDI in Chandigarh, an elderly aged 60 years showed her awareness
about the “Vridh Ashram” operating at the societal level and showed her willingness to
fight against the odds of Elder Abuse.
Deepak (name changed) aged 65 years of Patna believes that “the evicted elderly should
be put in the old age homes with the help of the government and should be provided
with financial assistance, the accused should be punished according to the law”. The
local councillor and the local party should closely monitor the cases of abused older
people and should give written complaints against the accused so that they can be taken
in the police custody.
53
5 Redressal Mechanisms
This section deals with the awareness about different reporting and redressal mechanisms, sources of
awareness, experience of availing benefits under Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior
Citizens (MWPSC) Act, affordability and accessibility of benefits under MWPSC Act and perception
about MWPSC Act.
5.1 Awareness of redressal Mechanisms
At the national level, 41% of the elderly are aware of at least one redressal mechanism. Around 35%
of the elders were aware of police helpline, 11% were aware of MWPSC Act while 5% were aware of
HelpAge helpline number. Elders have least awareness about tribunal under MWPSC Act. A negligible
(less than 1% of the elders or 33 out of 5014) have availed benefits under MWPSC Act.
Figure 5. 1 Awareness of redress – National Level N=5014
11% 02%
Aware of any
redressal
mechanism? 40 50 60 40 50 60
30 70 30 70
20 80 20 80
Yes – 41% 10
0
90
100
10
0
90
100
Aware of MWPSC Act Aware of Tribunal under the

MWPSC Act
35% 05%
40 50 60
Availed benefits
40 50 60
30 70 30 70 under MWPSC
20 80 20 80
10 90
act?
10 90
0 100 0 100
Yes: 0.7%
Aware of Police Help Line Aware of HelpAge India’s
Elder Helpline
 Awareness of MWPSC Act is high in Tier-2 cities as compared to Tier-1 cities.

 Elderly females have relatively low awareness as compared to elderly males among all
redressal mechanisms except police helpline.
 There seems a decline in trend as the awareness is low with the increases in age.
 Widowed elderly has low awareness as compared to currently married elders.
54
Table 5. 1 Awareness of redress across different categories
under the MWPSC
Aware of HelpAge
mechanism? - YES
Aware of Tribunal
Aware of MWPSC
Aware of Police
Aware of any
India’s Elder
Help Line
redressal
Helpline
Total
Act
Act
N=
Categories
National level 41% 11% 2% 35% 5% 5014

Tier
Tier-1 35% 9% 2% 29% 6% 1308
Tier-2 43% 12% 2% 37% 5% 3706
Gender
Male 45% 14% 3% 38% 6% 2495
Female 38% 9% 1% 32% 4% 2519
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 44% 12% 2% 37% 5% 3543
Old-old (70-79 years) 36% 10% 2% 30% 5% 1092
Oldest-old (80+ years) 34% 11% 2% 26% 5% 379
Marital Status
Married 44% 12% 2% 38% 6% 3528
Widowed 34% 9% 1% 27% 4% 1369
Others 42% 15% 1% 30% 6% 117
Living arrangement
Alone 32% 10% 2% 25% 4% 287
With spouse only 43% 13% 2% 37% 6% 379
With family 42% 11% 2% 35% 5% 4244
With others 38% 15% 4% 30% 5% 104
Own property
Self-Owned 43% 12% 2% 36% 5% 3460
Owned by spouse 51% 10% 2% 45% 7% 366
Others own 46% 14% 2% 41% 5% 175
Rented 32% 10% 1% 24% 4% 1013
Among all study cities, awareness about any redressal mechanism found highest in Kochi (67%), Delhi
(63%) and Jammu (62%) while it is least in Hyderabad (8%). Awareness of MWPSC act is recorded
highest in Guwahati (20%), followed by Dehradun (19%) and Vizag (18%) while found least in Patna
(7%), Kolkata (6%) and Hyderabad (3%).
Awareness about police help line as a redressal mechanism for Elder Abuse is recorded highest in Delhi
(60%), Kochi (58%) and Jammu (58%) while recorded least in Chandigarh (18%), Chennai (17%) and
Hyderabad (6%).
HelpAge Elder Helpline awareness recorded highest in Amritsar (11%), followed by Guwahati (10%)
and Bengaluru (9%). Mangalore and Hyderabad recorded awareness less than 1 percent.
55
Delhi Guwahati Kochi
67%
Kochi Dehradun Delhi
Jammu Vizag Jammu
20% 19% 18%
60% 58% 58%

63% 62%
Amritsar Kochi Bhopal
17%
57%
Bhopal Nagpur Amritsar
50%
59% 58%
Ahmedabad Bhopal Ahmedabad

Mumbai Bhubaneswar Mumbai
48% 48%
53% 52%
Guwahati Chennai Guwahati
15% 14% 14% 14%
42%
50%
Madurai Ahmedabad Dehradun

Faridabad Delhi Madurai
37% 35%
Kanpur Jaipur Faridabad
12% 11% 11%

43% 43% 41%
Jaipur Bengaluru Jaipur

40%
Dehradun Faridabad Bhubaneswar
32% 32% 32%

Bhubaneswar Mumbai Kanpur
38% 37%
Vizag Amritsar Mangalore
29% 28%
Mangalore Jammu Vizag
Kolkata Madurai Bengaluru
24% 23%
33% 33% 32%
Figure 5. 3 Awareness of MWPSC act - City Level
Nagpur Mangalore Chennai
Figure 5. 4 Awareness of police helpline - City Level

Bengaluru Kanpur Nagpur
31% 30%
Figure 5. 2 Awareness of any redressal mechanism - City Level
10% 10% 10% 9% 9% 9% 9% 8% 8%
Patna Chandigarh Patna
22% 21% 21%

Chandigarh Patna Kolkata
28% 27%
7% 6%
Chennai Kolkata Chandigarh
18% 17%
25%
N=218 elders in each city
3%

8%
6%
Hyderabad Hyderabad Hyderabad
56
5.2 Sources of awareness of redress
Of those who reported awareness about the redressal mechanisms, at the national level, the key
sources of awareness reported by the elders are television (59%), Newspaper (39%), Family (25%),
friend & neighbours (44%). The other sources like radio, IEC material, HelpAge NGO, other NGO etc.
are reported by less than 10% of the elders.
Table 5. 2 Sources of awareness for redressal mechanism – City Level
HelpAge NGO
IEC material
Newspaper
Neighbour
Television
Any other
Friends /
Family
Radio
NGO
City Name
N
Delhi 86% 68% 36% 33% 3% 1% 2% 0% 137
Faridabad 54% 21% 33% 19% 4% 4% 0% 0% 90
Dehradun 51% 73% 31% 72% 15% 3% 3% 0% 94
Kanpur 77% 36% 35% 9% 5% 4% 0% 0% 81
Jaipur 41% 47% 39% 49% 15% 9% 3% 1% 88
Chandigarh 35% 46% 15% 26% 6% 4% 4% 0% 54
Amritsar 37% 65% 44% 22% 0% 2% 2% 1% 127
Jammu 64% 20% 22% 14% 7% 0% 1% 0% 135
Bengaluru 71% 49% 43% 23% 21% 3% 3% 0% 70
Mangalore 68% 5% 47% 4% 1% 3% 0% 0% 73
Hyderabad 61% 44% 44% 44% 0% 6% 6% 0% 18
Vizag 58% 28% 10% 18% 3% 0% 1% 0% 72
Kochi 88% 19% 66% 12% 41% 6% 2% 1% 145
Chennai 66% 40% 32% 13% 4% 0% 1% 0% 68
Madurai 32% 65% 33% 12% 0% 0% 1% 0% 93
Bhopal 68% 46% 69% 41% 34% 37% 1% 1% 128
Ahmedabad 41% 64% 31% 63% 4% 2% 2% 0% 115
Nagpur 49% 66% 48% 37% 5% 2% 2% 0% 65
Mumbai 68% 33% 33% 14% 6% 2% 1% 1% 113
Kolkata 43% 40% 29% 17% 0% 0% 0% 0% 58
Patna 50% 38% 42% 12% 13% 2% 0% 0% 60
Bhubaneswar 38% 48% 30% 9% 2% 2% 2% 1% 82
Guwahati 75% 48% 48% 17% 3% 5% 5% 0% 109
National level 59% 44% 39% 25% 10% 5% 2% 0% 2075
At city level, more than 75% of the elders in Kochi, Delhi and Kanpur who were aware of redressal
mechanisms reported Television as the main source. Awareness from television recorded least in
Amritsar (37%), Chandigarh (35%) and Madurai (32%). Friends/neighbour emerged as the key source
in Dehradun (73%), followed by Delhi (68%) and Nagpur (66%). It is reported least in Jammu (20%),
Kochi (19%) and Mangalore (5%). Awareness through Newspaper were recorded highest in Bhopal
(69%), Kochi (66%) while recorded least in Chandigarh (15%) and Vizag (10%).
57
5.3 Experience, accessibility and affordability of availing benefits under MWPSC act
At the national level, the prevalence of availing benefit is very low. A negligible (less than 1% of the
elders or 33 out of 5014) have availed benefits under MWPSC act. Out of these 33 elders, 14 faced
challenges while availing benefits. The key challenges reported are:
 Behavioural issues and disrespect with elders – 7 elders

 Threat from family member – 5 elders
 Long waiting time for redressal of issue – 4 elders
 Lack of resources to fight case in court – 4 elders
Out of these 33 people who availed benefits under MWPSC Act, only 5 were satisfied with the
resolution provided while 16 were dissatisfied, 2 people did not get resolution and 10 people did not
report anything. The key reason for dissatisfaction reported by the elders were “had financial losses
in the process” and “it was a compromise between elder and the family”.
The elders (11% out of total elders, N=538) who were aware of MWPSC Act, were asked series of
question on affordability and accessibility of benefits under MWPSC Act. Around 90% of the elders
who are aware of MWPSC Act confirmed that they do not know the procedure to avail benefits under
MWPSC Act and around more than 55% said that it will be difficult for them to avail benefits if
required. More than 65% of such elders said that it is not affordable for them to avail benefits of
MWPSC Act.
Among those who are aware of MWPSC act (11% out of total elders, n=538), more than 60% elders
confirmed that the MWPSC act have benefitted them directly (37%) and indirectly (26%). Around 40%
elders said that this act provides social protection to elder people and meant for their welfare.
58
6 Impact of Technology and Social Media

This section deals with internet usage behaviour of elders and their perception about impact of
Technology and Social Media with respect to Elder Abuse.
6.1 Internet usage behaviour
At the national level, the internet users are very low (4%) among elderly population. There is no
difference in the proportion of internet users in Tier-1 and Tier-2 cities. Internet users among male
elderly are high (5%) as compared to internet users among female elderly (3%). The internet users are
3% in the oldest-old age group. Interestingly, elders living with ‘spouse only’ have high internet users
(7%) as compared to elders living alone (3%) and with family (4%).
Table 6. 1 Internet users – National Level
Internet Users User’s count User’s percentage Total Population

National level 191 4% 5014
Tier-1 55 4% 1308
Tier-2 136 4% 3706
Male 128 5% 2495
Female 63 3% 2519
Young-old (60-69 years) 153 4% 3543
Old-old (70-79 years) 26 2% 1092
Oldest-old (80+ years) 12 3% 379
Living alone 10 3% 287
Living with spouse only 26 7% 379
Living with family 154 4% 4244
The internet users among elderly are ranging from 1% to 6% at city level. The highest internet users
are in Amritsar (6%), Kochi (6%), Delhi (6%), Chandigarh (6%), Kolkata (6%) while the lowest internet
users are in Jammu (1%).
8% Figure 6. 1 Internet users – City Level
N=218 per city

6% 6% 6%
6% 6% 6%
5%
4% 5% 5% 5%
4% 4%
4%
3% 3% 3%
2% 3%
2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
1%
0%
Amritsar
Madurai
Jaipur
Nagpur
Jammu
Kochi
Mumbai
Mangalore
Bengaluru
Bhubaneswar
Kanpur
Chennai
Patna
Vizag
Faridabad
Ahmedabad
Delhi
Kolkata
Chandigarh
Hyderabad
Dehradun
Guwahati
Bhopal
59
On an average, elder internet users are using the internet from past 3 years and majorly 86% access
internet through mobile phones, followed by desktop/laptop (7%). More than one third, 38% of the
elderly internet users access internet frequently in a day, followed by 27% users who access internet
only once in a day.
Figure 6. 3 Access of internet Figure 6. 2 Frequency of accessing internet
7% 5% Frequently in a day
Through desktop / 14%
laptop
Once in a day
39%
Through mobile At least once in a week
phone 15%
Once in a month
Through tablet
86% 27% Rarely
N=191 N=191
Among the elderly internet users, more than 90% of the elders uses social media platform. The top
three social media platforms used by elders are Facebook (61%), WhatsApp (56%) and YouTube (40%).
More than one third of the users spend most time on social media like Facebook, twitter, snapchat,
Instagram etc., for entertainment purpose and chatting using messengers like WhatsApp, Viber, BBM
etc. The main purpose of using social media is to connect with family and friends.
Table 6. 2 Platform used by internet users and purpose of using social media – National Level
Platforms N % Purpose of using social media N %

Facebook 117 61% To connect with family 92 48%
WhatsApp 107 56% To connect with friends 90 47%
YouTube 77 40% To learn new things 64 34%
Google Plus 63 33% As family members are too busy to 59 31%
socially connect myself with others
Twitter 16 8% To meet new people 51 27%
Instagram 16 8% For leisure purpose 24 13%
Linked In 2 1% To join groups which suits my interest 6 3%
Table 6. 3 Internet user spend most time on? – National Level
Internet users spend most time on? (N=191) Count Percentage

Social media (like Facebook, Twitter etc.) 81 42%
For entertainment purpose 73 38%
Chatting (like WhatsApp, Viber, BBM etc.) 68 36%
To read news online 62 32%
Work related 47 25%
Educational related 34 18%
To access websites 16 8%
To check emails 13 7%
For online shopping 11 6%
Internet banking 10 5%
For job/work search 6 3%
60
6.2 Perception of elderly about social media vis a vis Elder Abuse
Among the elderly social media users, more than 70% users agreed that elderly who use social media
are aware of pros and cons associated with social media, social media has improved their knowledge
on health issues and they can share their problems with others using platforms like WhatsApp,
Facebook etc. Also, 74% confirmed that social media has benefitted their social learning skills.
Figure 6. 4 Perception about social media (1) – National Level

N=178
100% 7%
11% 11% 10% 9%
80% 17% 19% 15% 15% 17%
60%
40% 74% 75% 75% 74%

71%
20%
0%
People in my age Social media has Social media I do not hesitate to Social media has
group are aware of improved my provided me a share my problems benefitted my social
pros and cons knowledge on health platform to share my with other on social learning skills
associated with using issues problems with others media
social media
Agree Neutral Disagree
More than 65% among elderly who are social media users, confirmed that social media has made their
communication easier, their relationship with extended family members or relatives have increased,
they now understand the younger generation better and social media has helped in reducing
harassment against elders. Around 70% of users confirmed that overall social media has benefitted
them or the people in their age group.
N=178
100%
13% 13% 11% 16% 11%
80% 18% 15% 22% 19%
19%
60%
40% 72%
69% 67% 65% 70%
20%
0%
Social media have Social media have Social media made Social media have Overall social media
increased my made my me understand the helped in reducing benefitted me and
relationships with communication younger generation harassment against people in my age
extended family easier better elders group
members / relatives
61
On the other hand, more than 60% of the social media users accepted that social media have reduced
their sleeping time, increased economic loss through blackmailing / ransom calls/ spam calls to the
people in their age group and sharing pictures/ tagging geo locations, places check-in information on
social media has increased security threats to them. More than 75% of the social media users
confirmed that social media has decreased their personal time spent with family and family’s personal
time spent with elders.

N=178
100%
13% 18% 15% 17%
22%
80% 8% 6%
8% 25% 12%
60%
40% 77% 78%

70% 70%
62%
20%
0%
Social media has Social media has Sharing pictures/ Social media has Social media has
reduced my sleeping increased economic tagging geo location decreased my personal decreased my family’s
time loss through and places check-in on time spent with family personal time spent
blackmailing / ransom social media has with me
calls/ spam calls to the increased security
people in my age threats to the people
group in my age group
An elderly aged 62 years from Mumbai said, “Social Media with its advancement in the
lives of the youth has not spread its wings to the aged population and has to some extent
disconnected the youth from the elderly due to the increased dependency of the young
population on social media which has eventually widened the generation gap already
existing in the Indian society”.
Some of the elderly believe that “social media has worked towards changing attitudes
of the young generation towards the older people, resulting in Elder Abuse”. Children,
believed to be the old age support system, have been primarily responsible for the
exploitations that the elderly face since this age calls for togetherness and compassion
from the young.
The awareness about the old age homes through social media, approaching police
stations for lodging FIR and reaching courts are some of the redressal and coping
mechanisms that the elderly people are aware of, though the majority do not find it
critical to fight against the abuse independently.
62
6.3 Perception of elderly about mobile phone vis a vis Elder Abuse
Among the elderly, more than two-third elderly agreed that their adult children as well as
grandchildren remain too busy on the phone even when at home with them. More than 60% elderly
agreed that quality time spent by their adult children as well grandchildren with them has decreased
with increase in usage of phones/computers. About 65% elderly raised concern over mobile usage
behaviour and stated that extreme attention given to phones/ computers is disrespectful.
Figure 6. 7 Perception about mobile phone– National Level

N=5014
100%
18% 19% 21% 22% 19%
80% 9%
16% 15% 16% 16%
60%
40% 73% 65% 64% 62% 65%

20%
0%
Your adult children Your grand-children Quality time spent by Quality time spent by Extreme attention
are too busy on the are too busy on the your adult children your grandchildren given to Phones/
phone even when at phone even when at with you has with you has Computers is
home with you home with you decreased with the decreased with the disrespectful
increase in usage of increase in usage of
Phone/ Computers Phone/ Computers
The concern “extreme attention given to phones/ computers is disrespectful” is more expressed by
elders living Tier-1 cities (71%) as compared to elder living in Tier-2 cities (63%). The tops five cities
where most of the elders (more than 75%) expressed this issue are Mangalore, Bengaluru,
Bhubaneshwar, Hyderabad and Amritsar. The issue is reported least (27%) in Vizag.
Figure 6. 8 Extreme attention to phones is disrespectful reported by elderly – City Level
100% N=5014
99% 96%
80% 86%
81% 78%
74% 73% 72% 71%
60% 68% 67% 67%
64% 61%
58% 57% 56% 55%
54%
40% 50%
42% 39%
20% 27%
0%
Madurai
Amritsar
Nagpur
Jaipur
Kochi
Jammu
Mangalore
Bengaluru
Kanpur
Patna
Chennai
Mumbai
Ahmedabad
Faridabad
Vizag
Bhubaneswar
Hyderabad
Dehradun
Delhi
Kolkata
Guwahati
Chandigarh
Bhopal
63
An elderly aged 70 years from Hyderabad said “The invention of social media has not
favorably impacted the older people, since social media entices people to spend more
time online and less time talking to a person face to face. Discussion within the family
members, women welfare helpline numbers, Vridha Ashrams and different NGOs are the
most effective way to deal with Elder Abuse”
Few the elderly from Ahmedabad said that “Social Media and mobile phones have
designed a boundary line between the two groups (old and young generation) that has
created a communication barrier between the two. The most effective way to deal with
the Elder Abuse has believed to be maintaining the long-standing patterns of
interdependence between the generations of a family which makes them united and
strong”.
The advent of the mobile phone has connected the elderly with the exposure of the outer
world in terms of their relatives and children living within and outside India, helps in
exchanging emotions, whereas the prolonged hours of the young generation spent on
mobile phones leaves the elder in isolation.
64
List of Figures
Figure 1. 1 Why Elder Abuse is concerning? ........................................................................................... 7
Figure 1. 2 Research design – Key components.................................................................................... 10
Figure 2. 1 Age distribution of elders – National Level ......................................................................... 13
Figure 2. 2 Age distribution of elderly – City Level ............................................................................... 14
Figure 2. 3 Marital status of elderly – National Level ........................................................................... 15
Figure 2. 4 Marital status of elderly – City Level ................................................................................... 16
Figure 2. 5 Educational status of elderly – National Level .................................................................... 17
Figure 2. 6 Educational status of elderly – City Level ........................................................................... 18
Figure 2. 7 Occupations of elderly – National Level ............................................................................. 19
Figure 2. 8 Occupations of elderly – City Level ..................................................................................... 20
Figure 2. 9 Ownership of house – National Level ................................................................................. 21
Figure 2. 10 Ownership of house – City Level ....................................................................................... 22
Figure 2. 11 Living arrangement – National Level ................................................................................ 23
Figure 2. 12 Living arrangement – City Level ........................................................................................ 24
Figure 3. 1 Perception on what amounts to Elder Abuse – National Level .......................................... 25
Figure 3. 2 Perception ranking on type of Elder Abuse – City Level ..................................................... 28
Figure 3. 3 Perceived forms of Elder Abuse present in society – National Level.................................. 29
Figure 3. 4 Prevalence of Elder Abuse in the society – City Level ......................................................... 31
Figure 3. 5 Extent of prevalence of Elder Abuse in the society– City Level .......................................... 32
Figure 4. 1 Experience of Elder Abuse – City Level ............................................................................... 36
Figure 4. 2 Ranking of abuse – National Level ...................................................................................... 39
Figure 4. 3 Duration of abuse (in years) – National Level ..................................................................... 40
Figure 4. 4 Educational attainment of abuser – National Level............................................................ 43
Figure 4. 5 Occupation of abuser – National Level ............................................................................... 43
Figure 4. 6 Reporting of abuse to any person/ agency – City Level ...................................................... 48
Figure 4. 7 Whom did elders approached for reporting – National Level ............................................ 50
Figure 4. 8 Effective ways of dealing with Elder Abuse in the society – National Level ....................... 52
Figure 5. 1 Awareness of redress – National Level ............................................................................... 54
Figure 5. 2 Awareness of any redressal mechanism - City Level .......................................................... 56
Figure 5. 3 Awareness of MWPSC act - City Level................................................................................. 56
Figure 5. 4 Awareness of police helpline - City Level ............................................................................ 56
Figure 6. 1 Internet users – City Level................................................................................................... 59
Figure 6. 2 Frequency of accessing internet ......................................................................................... 60
Figure 6. 3 Access of internet................................................................................................................ 60
Figure 6. 4 Perception about social media (1) – National Level ........................................................... 61
Figure 6. 7 Perception about mobile phone– National Level ............................................................... 63
Figure 6. 8 Extreme attention to phones is disrespectful reported by elderly – City Level.................. 63
65
List of Tables
Table 1. 1 Summary of Sample Coverage ............................................................................................. 12
Table 3. 1 Perception on what amounts to Elder Abuse by different categories ................................. 26
Table 3. 2 Perception on what amounts to Elder Abuse – City Level ................................................... 27
Table 3. 3 Perception about prevalence of Elder Abuse in society by different categories ................. 29
Table 3. 4 Perceived forms of Elder Abuse present in society by different categories ........................ 30
Table 4. 1 Experience of Elder Abuse by different categories .............................................................. 33
Table 4. 2 Forms of Elder Abuse experienced by elders across different categories ........................... 37
Table 4. 3 Forms of Elder Abuse experienced by elders – City Level .................................................... 38
Table 4. 4 Frequency of abuse – City Level ........................................................................................... 41
Table 4. 5 Person responsible for Elder Abuse by different categories ................................................ 42
Table 4. 6 Person responsible for abuse – City Level ............................................................................ 44
Table 4. 7 Reasons of abuse .................................................................................................................. 45
Table 4. 8 Reporting of abuse across different categories ................................................................... 47
Table 4. 9 Reasons for not reporting about Elder Abuse to person/agency ........................................ 49
Table 4. 10 Why did you choose a person / agency for reporting – City Level..................................... 51
Table 5. 1 Awareness of redress across different categories ............................................................... 55
Table 5. 2 Sources of awareness for redressal mechanism – City Level ............................................... 57
Table 6. 1 Internet users – National Level ............................................................................................ 59
Table 6. 2 Platform used by internet users and purpose of using social media – National Level ........ 60
Table 6. 3 Internet user spend most time on? – National Level ........................................................... 60
Analytical tables in annexure

Table 1 Distribution of elder by different categories............................................................................ 85
Table 2 Distribution of elderly male and female by education and marital status .............................. 86
Table 3 Distribution of elderly by occupation by different categories ................................................. 87
Table 4 Distribution of elderly by house ownership by different categories ....................................... 88
Table 5 Distribution of elderly by living arrangement by different categories..................................... 89
Table 6 Average monthly income of elderly and household income by different categories (INR) ..... 90
Table 7 Perception on what amounts to Elder Abuse by different categories ..................................... 91
Table 8 Perception about prevalence of Elder Abuse in society by different categories ..................... 92
Table 9 Perception about forms of Elder Abuse prevalent in society by different categories ............. 93
Table 10 Experience of Elder Abuse by different categories ................................................................ 94
Table 11 Forms of Elder Abuse experienced by elders by different categories ................................... 95
Table 12 Frequency of Elder Abuse faced by elders by different categories ....................................... 96
Table 13 Person responsible for Elder Abuse by different categories ................................................. 97
Table 14 Frequency of Elder Abuse faced by elders by different categories ....................................... 98
Table 15 Education of person responsible for Elder Abuse by different categories ............................ 99
Table 16 Occupation of person responsible for Elder Abuse by different categories ....................... 100
Table 17 Elders opinion on why they were abused by different categories ...................................... 101
66
Table 18 Attempt made by elders to report Elder Abuse by different categories ............................. 102
Table 19 Elderly approached to person/agency to report Elder Abuse ............................................. 103
Table 20 Reason to approach to person/agency to report Elder Abuse ............................................ 104
Table 21 How person/agency helped elderly by different categories................................................ 105
Table 22 Person/agency resolved the issue........................................................................................ 106
Table 23 Reasons for not reporting about Elder Abuse to person/agency ....................................... 107
Table 24 Elder opinion to deal effectively with Elder Abuse .............................................................. 108
Table 25 Awareness about redressal mechanisms ............................................................................. 109
Table 26 Sources of awareness about redressal mechanisms............................................................ 110
Table 27 Availed benefits under MWPSC act ..................................................................................... 111
Table 28 Faced challenges while availing benefits ............................................................................. 112
Table 29 Challenges faced while availing benefits under MWPSC act ............................................... 113
Table 30 Satisfaction with the resolution provided under MWPSC act ............................................. 114
Table 31 Reasons for dissatisfaction ................................................................................................... 115
Table 32 Elder knows about someone who have availed benefits under MWPSC act ...................... 116
Table 33 Other person faced challenged while availing benefits under MWPSC act ......................... 117
Table 34 Challenges faced by other person while availing benefits under MWPSC act..................... 118
Table 35 Satisfaction with the resolution provided under MWPSC act ............................................. 119
Table 36 Reasons for dissatisfaction ................................................................................................... 120
Table 37 Knowledge about availing benefits under MWPSC act ........................................................ 121
Table 38 Accessibility to avail benefits under MWPSC act ................................................................ 122
Table 39 Affordability to avail benefits under MWPSC act................................................................. 123
Table 40 MWPSC act benefitted elder ................................................................................................ 124
Table 41 MWPSC act provides social protection and meant for welfare? ......................................... 125
Table 42 Used internet services in past .............................................................................................. 126
Table 43 Ways of accessing internet................................................................................................... 127
Table 44 Frequency of accessing internet .......................................................................................... 128
Table 45 Purpose of accessing internet ............................................................................................. 129
Table 46 Platform used to access social media.................................................................................. 130
Table 47 Purpose to access social media ............................................................................................ 131
Table 48 Elders agreed with the statement on social media .............................................................. 132
Table 49 Elders agreed with the statements on mobile ..................................................................... 134
67
Annexure
68
Annex 1: Quantitative Survey Questionnaire
Elder Abuse Study 2018

SECTION 1: IDENTIFICATION DETAILS
Q No Question Responses Code Skip
Q101 Language of interview List of languages
Q102 State Name List of State
Q103 City Name List of City
Q104 Area Name / Locality --------------------------
Q105 Interviewer Name --------------------------
Q106 Supervisor’s Name --------------------------
Q107 Head of Household Name --------------------------
Q108 Address (Complete Address) --------------------------
Interviewer Instruction:
Please check the availability of eligible household member (person of age greater than equal to 60 years).
 If no eligible person in the household, visit next household;
 If more than one eligible person in household, select one using “Last Birthday method”
 If selected eligible respondent is not at home, please revisit the household at different time.
Please contact the SELECTED RESPONDENT for interview;

Q108 Respondent Name
Q109 Gender Male 1
Female 2
INFORMED CONSENT
Interviewer to read:
Hello, my name is _______________, I am from the IPSOS Research Pvt. Ltd. We are conducting a study for HELP
AGE INDIA on ELDER ABUSE. By speaking with you today, we are hoping to learn more about the ELDER ABUSE.
I want to emphasize that the information provided by you would be kept completely confidential and will only
be used for programme purpose. The information will be securely stored and nobody outside the project team
will have access to this information. The interview would take about 20 minutes. Before we begin, I would like
to point out that there is no right or wrong answer. We are interested in your views, so please feel comfortable
to say what you honestly feel like. Finally, I’d like to remind you that I am just an interviewer and not an expert
on anything we discuss today, rather your views and opinions are most important to us.
Participation in this survey is voluntary and you may withdraw your participation any time. However, we hope
that you will take part since your participation is important. During the interview process if you are not able to
understand any question please feel free to ask me to repeat.
For quality control purposes on the survey, we would like to audio record some of the questions during the
survey. This will be done automatically by the device. We appreciate your consent in advance. Do you agree?
Interviewer instruction: Code Yes unless the respondent says No. If signed on paper in your country then do not
ask the question and code Yes.
69

Q110 Do you have any questions now? No 1
Interviewer to respond to inquiries. Yes 2
Q111 Do you give consent to audio record No 1 End
your voice?
Yes 2
Q112 After completion of this interview, if No 1

required, may we contact you again
to verify any of the responses that
Yes 2
you have given (for quality-
checking)?
Q113 Please tell me your mobile number? Mobile No
This information will be separated from Alternative contact No
the rest of the data and will only be used Refused to share
for official purpose only.
Contact Not available
SECTION2: HOUSEHOLD ATTRIBUTES

Q201 What is your age in completed

years?
Q202 What is your marital status? Married 1
Single 2
Widowed 3
Divorced 4
Separated 5
Not stated 6
Q203 What is your highest level of Illiterate 01
schooling completed? Literate without formal schooling 02
School-Up to 4 years 03
School-5 to 9 years 04
Secondary / Matric passed (Class-X) 05
Hr./Sr. Secondary passed (Class-XII) 06
Some College (including Diploma) but
07
not graduate
Graduate (general degree) 08
Post graduate (general degree) 09
Graduate (professional degree) 10
Post graduate (professional degree) 11
Q204 What is your primary occupation? Unskilled worker 01
Skilled worker (carpenter/ plumber/
02
tailor)
Self-employed: own account worker
03
(small shops owner/petty traders)
Self-employed: Professionals (doctor/
04
lawyer/ CA etc.)
Self-employed: employer (factory
05
owner / showroom owner etc.)
Private service 06
70

Government service 07
Housewife 08
Retired from Private company 09
Retired from State Govt. Service 10
Retired Central Govt. Servant (PSU/
Nationalized Bank / University/ 11
Hospital etc.)
Not able to work due to disability 12
Too old to work 13
Others(Specify______) 14
Q205 How much is your average 
monthly Income? No Income
Note: Include unearned sources such Don’t Know
as pocket money, remittance, etc. Can’t Say
Refused to say
Q206 How much is household average 
monthly Income including all Don’t Know
sources? Can’t Say
Refused to say
Q207 Do you own house or you live in or Self-Owned 1
rent? Owned by spouse 2
READ RESPONSE Others own 3
Rented 4
Q208a Do you own any smart phone? No 1
Yes 2
Q208b Please tell me which of these Electricity Connection 01
items do you have at home? Ceiling Fan 02
(It could be owned by you, your family, LPG Stove 03
or provided by the employer or it Two-Wheeler 04
could be available in the house you
- Color TV 05
live in; but it should be for the use of
just you or your family). - Refrigerator 06
Washing Machine 07
We need this information just for Personal Computer/ Laptop 08
survey purpose only. Own Smart Phone 09
Note: Item should be in working Car/Jeep/Van 10
condition
Air Conditioner 11
Q209 Does your family own any No 1
agricultural land, by agricultural
land I mean land that is currently Yes 2
under cultivation or plantation?
Q210 Could you tell me something about Illiterate 01
the person who makes the biggest Literate without formal schooling 02
contribution to the running of the School-Up to 4 years 03
household? To what level has School-5 to 9 years 04
he/she studied? Secondary / Matric passed (Class-X) 05
71

07
not graduate
Q211 HOUSEHOLD SEC GRADE AUTOMATIC DISPLAY
Q212 Living Arrangement? With family 1
Do you live ……….? READ OUT With spouse only 2 Q214
With relative 3
Alone 4 Q214
With any other 5
Q213 Ask if Q212=1 or 3 or 5
How many members are living  MEMBERS
with you in your family?
Q214 How many rooms are there in your
 ROOMS
household?
SECTION3: ELDER ABUSE

Q301 What according to you amounts Disrespect 1
to Elder Abuse? Beating/ Slapping 2
Verbally Abusing 3
MULITPLE RESPONSE Economic Exploitation 4
Unwelcome or forcible Sexual Contact 5
PROBE FOR MORE
Neglect 6
Don’t Know 7 Q303
Others (Specify_________) 8
Q302 Please rank the abuses mentioned Disrespect 1
by you, where rank 1 mean “most Beating/ Slapping 2
appropriate”? Verbally Abusing 3
Economic Exploitation 4
COPY RESPONSE FROM Q301 Unwelcome or forcible Sexual Contact 5
Neglect 6
RANK RESPONSES
Q303 Do you think that Elder Abuse in No 1 Q307
any form is prevalent in our
Yes 2
society?
Q304 What according to you is the High 1
prevalence of Elder Abuse? Somewhat High 2
Is it…………...? READ RESPONSE Low 3
Q305 What are the forms in which Elder Disrespect 1
Abuse is prevalent in our society? Beating/ Slapping 2
Verbally Abusing 3
MULITPLE RESPONSE Economic Exploitation 4
72

PROBE FOR MORE Neglect 6
Don’t Know 7 Q307
Q306 Please rank the forms of abuses Disrespect 1
prevalent in our society, where Beating/ Slapping 2
rank 1 mean “most prevalent”? Verbally Abusing 3
Economic Exploitation 4
COPY RESPONSE FROM Q305
RANK RESPONSES Neglect 6
Q307 Have you ever been a victim of No 1 Q325
Elder Abuse? Yes 2
Q308 What abuses did you face? Disrespect 1
Beating/ Slapping 2
MULITPLE RESPONSE
Verbally Abusing 3
PROBE FOR MORE Economic Exploitation 4
Neglect 6
Q309 Please rank the forms of abuses Disrespect 1
faced by you, where rank 1 mean Beating/ Slapping 2
“most appropriate”?
Verbally Abusing 3
COPY RESPONSE FROM Q308 Economic Exploitation 4
RANK RESPONSES Unwelcome or forcible Sexual Contact 5
Neglect 6
Q310 For how long have you been
facing abuse? Please give details
 YEARS
of duration.
RECORD ‘00’ IF LESS THAN ONE YEAR
Q311 In the last one year, how many times did you face………………(abuse)?
Once in
Almost Once in Once in a Very
Copy type of abuse from Q308 few
Daily a week month Rarely
months
1 Disrespect 1 2 3 4 5
2 Beating/ Slapping 1 2 3 4 5
3 Verbally Abusing 1 2 3 4 5
4 Economic Exploitation 1 2 3 4 5
Unwelcome or forcible Sexual
5 1 2 3 4 5
Contact
6 Neglect 1 2 3 4 5
9 Others (Specify_________) 1 2 3 4 5
73

Q312 Who was responsible for the Spouse/partner 1
abuse? Son 2
Daughter 3
MULITPLE RESPONSE Grand child 4
Parent 5
PROBE FOR MORE
Caregiver / servant 6
Son-in-law 7
Daughter-in-law 8
Others (Specify _______) 9
Q313 Please rank the people who Spouse/partner 1
abused you, where 1 mean Son 2
“person who abused you most”. Daughter 3
Grand child 4
COPY RESPONSE FROM Q312 Parent 5
Caregiver / servant 6
RANK RESPONSES
Son-in-law 7
Daughter-in-law 8
Q314 What is the age of person who
 Years
abused you? (In completed years)
Q315 What is the highest level of Illiterate 01
schooling of the person who Literate without formal schooling 02
abused you? School-Up to 4 years 03
School-5 to 9 years 04
Secondary / Matric passed (Class-X) 05
07
not graduate
Don’t Know / Can’t Say 12
Q316 What is the primary occupation of Unskilled worker 01
the person who abused you? Skilled worker (carpenter/ plumber/
02
tailor)
Self-employed: own account worker
03
(small shops owner/petty traders)
Self-employed: Professionals (doctor/
04
lawyer/ CA etc.)
Self-employed: employer (factory
05
owner / showroom owner etc.)
Private service 06
Government service 07
Housewife 08
Retired from Private company 09
Retired from State Govt. Service 10
74

Retired Central Govt. Servant (PSU/
Nationalized Bank / University/ 11
Hospital etc.)
Not able to work due to disability 12
Do not do any work 13
Others(Specify______) 14
Q317 What do you think, why you were Issue of Property 1
abused? Fixed Deposit linked in my name 2
Pension amount is entitled to my name 3
MULITPLE RESPONSE My family want to live independently 4
Lack of resources to meet my financial
5
needs
Think me as burden due to my old-age
6
related issues
Family do not like my way of living 7
My interference in family matters w.r.t
8
social, cultural, financial matters
Q318 Have you made any attempt to No 1 Q324
report these incidents to any
Yes 2
person / agency?
Q319 Whom (person / agency) did you Other family Member 01
approach? Please mention about Extended Family Member 02
all approaches. Relative 03
Friend 04
MULITPLE RESPONSE Community Leader 05
Social Worker 06
PROBE FOR MORE
Senior Citizens’ Association 07
Residents’ Welfare Association 08
Local Police / police helpline 09
NGO 10
HelpAge NGO / Staff / helpline number 11
Q320 Please rank the person / agency in Other family Member 01
the order you approached one by Extended Family Member 02
one, where 1 mean first time. Relative 03
Friend 04
COPY RESPONSE FROM Q319 Community Leader 05
Social Worker 06
RANK RESPONSES
Senior Citizens’ Association 07
Residents’ Welfare Association 08
Local Police / police helpline 09
NGO 10
HelpAge NGO / Staff / helpline number 11
Q321 Why did you approach those Confidence in the ability of the person/
1
person / agencies? agency to solve the problem
75

Did not know any other way to deal
MULITPLE RESPONSE
2
with the problem
To maintain confidentiality of the
3
family matter
Apparent Ineffectiveness of other ways
4
and means
Q322 Did that person/agency help you? Person / agency provided knowledge
1
If yes, in what ways it helped? to fight against Elder Abuse
Person / agency counselled my family 2
MULITPLE RESPONSE Person / agency counselled me 3
My case was registered 4
I was referred to seek help from court 5
I was referred to meet some NGO 6
I was told to use HelpAge helpline
7
number or to meet HelpAge official
Did not help me 8
Q323 Has your issue been resolved? No 1
Yes 2
Q324 ASK IF CODED “1” IN Q318 Lacked Confidence in ability of any
1
You said that you did not report person/ agency to solve problem
the matter, please give reasons Did not know how to deal with
2
for not reporting. problem
To maintain confidentiality of family
3
MULITPLE RESPONSE matter
Apparent Ineffectiveness available
4
channels of reporting and redress
Fear of Retaliation 5
Q325 How can we deal effectively with Increase Economic Independence of
1
Elder Abuse prevalent in our the Abused
society? Develop effective legal reporting and
2
redress system
MULITPLE RESPONSE Develop effective social reporting and
3
redress system
PROBE FOR MORE
Sensitize children and strengthen
4
intergenerational bonding
Sensitize Young Adults 5
Develop Self Help Groups of Older
Persons to provide assistance and 6
intervention
Q326 Please rank the ways mentioned Increase Economic Independence of
1
by you to deal effectively with the Abused
Elder Abuse, where 1 mean “most Develop effective legal reporting and
2
effective” redress system
76

Develop effective social reporting and
3
COPY RESPONSE FROM Q325 redress system
Sensitize children and strengthen
RANK RESPONSES 4
intergenerational bonding
Sensitize Young Adults 5
Develop Self Help Groups of Older
Persons to provide assistance and 6
intervention

Q327 Are you aware of the following Maintenance and Welfare of Parents
reporting and redressal and Senior Citizens Act 2007(MWPSC 1
mechanisms? Act)
Tribunal Under the MWPSC Act 2
MULITPLE RESPONSE Police Help Line 3
HelpAge India’s Help Line 4
READ ONE BY ONE
Not aware 5 Q401
Q328 What was your source of Television 1
awareness? Radio 2
Newspaper 3
MULITPLE RESPONSE IEC material (poster / banner /etc.) 4
Family 5
PROBE FOR MORE
Friends / Neighbour 6
HelpAge NGO 7
Any other NGO 8
Q329 Ask if Q327=1 or 2 No 1 Q334
Have you ever availed benefits
Yes 2
under MWPSC Act for yourself?
Q330 Ask if Q327=1 or 2 No 1 Q332
Did you face any challenge while Yes 2
availing benefits under MWPSC Q332
Don’t know / Can’t say 3
Act?
Q331 Ask if Q327=1 or 2 and Q330=2 Lack of infrastructure / resources
1
What were the challenges faced by from government
you? The procedure was complex, tedious
2
and iterative
MULITPLE RESPONSE Lack of knowledge of service
3
providers
Behavioural issues and disrespect
4
with elders
Long waiting time for redressal of
5
issue
Threat from family member 6
77

Lack of resources to fight case in court 7
Q332 Ask if Q327=1 or 2 Got resolution and fully satisfied 1
Did you get resolution under Got resolution but partially satisfied 2
MWPSC act? If yes, how much Got resolution but dissatisfied 3
satisfied are you with the Did not get resolution 4
resolution provided? Don’t know / can’t say 5
Q333 Ask if Q332=2 or 3 Decision was not in my favour 01
What are the reason for Compensation amount was not
02
dissatisfaction? adequate
Did not receive benefits as per
03
provisions under MWPSC act
It was a compromise between me and
my family but current behaviour of 04
my family is not appropriate
It was a delayed justice / decision was
05
not on time
Had financial losses throughout the
06
process
It was a comprise between me and
07
my family
Did not get adequate compensation 08
Don’t know / can’t say 09
Q334 Ask if Q327=1 or 2 No 1 Q341
Do you know anybody who availed
Yes 2
benefits under MWPSC Act?
Q335 Ask if Q327=1 or 2 No 1 Q337
Did that person face any challenge Yes 2
while availing benefits under Q337
Don’t know / Can’t say 3
MWPSC Act?
Q336 Ask if Q327=1 or 2 and Q335=2 Lack of infrastructure / resources
1
What were the challenges faced by from government
that person? The procedure was complex, tedious
2
and iterative
MULITPLE RESPONSE Lack of knowledge of service
3
providers
Behavioural issues and disrespect
4
with elders
Long waiting time for redressal of
5
issue
Threat from family member 6
Lack of resources to fight case in court 7
Q337 Ask if Q327=1 or 2 Got resolution and fully satisfied 1 Q341
78

Did that person get resolution Got resolution but partially satisfied 2
under MWPSC act? If yes, how Got resolution but dissatisfied 3
much satisfied that person is with Did not get resolution 4 Q341
the resolution provided? Don’t know / can’t say 5 Q341
Q338 Ask if Q337=2 or 3 Decision was not in favour of that
01
What are the reason for person
dissatisfaction? Compensation amount was not
02
adequate
Did not receive benefits as per
03
provisions under MWPSC act
It was a compromise between him
and his/her family but current
04
behaviour of his/her family is not
appropriate
It was a delayed justice / decision was
05
not on time
Had financial losses throughout the
06
process
It was a comprise between him and
07
his/her family
Did not get adequate compensation 08
Don’t know / can’t say 09
Q339 Ask if Q327=1 or 2 and Q329=1 No 1
Do you know how to avail benefits
Yes 2
under MWPSC Act?
Q340 Ask if Q327=1 or 2 and Q329=1 Very easy 1
If you have to avail benefit under Easy 2
MWPSC Act, how easy or difficult it Difficult 3
will be for you? Very difficult 4
Don’t know 5
Q341 Ask if Q327=1 or 2 Affordable 1
Do you think it is affordable for you Somewhat Expensive 2
to avail benefits of MWPSC Act? Expensive 3
Don’t Know 4
Q342 Ask if Q327=1 or 2 Yes, directly 1
Does MWPSC Act benefited you, if Yes, indirectly 2
yes whether directly or indirectly? No benefit 3
Q343 Ask if Q327=1 or 2 No 1
Do you think MWPSC Act provides
social protection to elder people Yes 2
and meant for their welfare?
Q344 Ask if Q327=1 or 2
Please provide reasons for the
……………………………………….
same?
RECORD VERBATIM
79
SECTION4: IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND MOBILE ON ELDER ABUSE

Q401 Have you ever used internet No Q409
services like Gmail, google,
Yes
Facebook, email etc.?
Q402 For how many years have you been
using the internet?  YEARS
PUT “00” IF LESS THAN ONE YEAR
Q403 How do you access internet most of Through desktop / laptop
the time? Through mobile phone
Through tablet
Other (Specify__________)
Q404 How often do you access the Frequently in a day
internet? Once in a day
At least once in a week
Once in a month
Rarely
Q405 When you use the internet, where Work related
do you spend most time on? Educational related
Social media (like Facebook, Twitter
MULITPLE RESPONSE etc.)
Chatting (like WhatsApp, Viber, BBM
PROBE FOR MORE
etc.)
To read news online
For entertainment purpose
To access websites
For online shopping
For job/work search
Internet banking
To check emails
Other (specify)
Q406 Do you use social media? If yes, Facebook 1
what platform do you use? Twitter 2
Instagram 3
WhatsApp 4
MULITPLE RESPONSE YouTube 5
Google Plus 6
PROBE FOR MORE
Linked In 7
Do not use social media 8 Q409
Q407 What is the purpose of using social As family members are too busy to
1
media? socially connect myself with others
To connect with family 2
To connect with friends 3
MULITPLE RESPONSE To meet new people 4
For leisure purpose 5
80

PROBE FOR MORE To learn new things 6
To join groups which suits my interest 7
Q408 I will read few statement for you to understand impact of Social Media with respect to Elder Abuse.
Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree to these statements apply to you?
Somewhat Somewhat
Statements Agree Neutral Disagree
Agree Disagree
Social media have reduced my
1 1 2 3 4 5
sleeping time
People in my age group are aware of
2 pros and cons associated with using 1 2 3 4 5
social media
Social media have improved my
3 1 2 3 4 5
knowledge on health issues
Social media provided me a platform
4 1 2 3 4 5
to share my problems with others
I do not hesitate to share my
5 1 2 3 4 5
problems with other on social media
Social media have increased
economic loss through blackmailing
6 1 2 3 4 5
/ ransom calls/ spam calls to the
people in my age group
Sharing pictures/ tagging geo
location and places check-in on
7 social media have increased security 1 2 3 4 5
threats to the people in my age
group
Social media have decreased my
8 1 2 3 4 5
personal time spent with family
Social media have decreased my
9 family’s personal time spent with 1 2 3 4 5
me
Social media have benefitted my
10 1 2 3 4 5
social learning skills
Social media have increased my
11 relationships with extended family 1 2 3 4 5
members / relatives
Social media have made my
12 1 2 3 4 5
communication easier
Social media made me understand
13 1 2 3 4 5
the younger generation better
Social media have helped in
14 1 2 3 4 5
reducing harassment against elders
Overall social media benefitted me
15 1 2 3 4 5
and people in my age group
81
Q409 I will read few statement for you to understand impact of MOBILE PHONE with respect to Elder
Abuse. Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree to these statements apply to you?
Somewhat Somewhat
Statements Agree Neutral Disagree
Agree Disagree
Your adult children are too busy on the
1 1 2 3 4 5
phone even when at home with you
Your grand-children are too busy on the
2 1 2 3 4 5
phone even when at home with you
Quality time spent by your adult children
3 with you has decreased with the increase 1 2 3 4 5
in usage of Phone/ Computers
Quality time spent by your grandchildren
4 with you has decreased with the increase 1 2 3 4 5
in usage of Phone/ Computers
Extreme attention given to Phones/
5 1 2 3 4 5
Computers is disrespectful
-------------------THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME-----------------
82
Annex 2: Qualitative Guidelines
Instruction: Elder person with age more than and equal to 60 years
Objective:
To understand the spread, type and extent of Elder Abuse in India, impact of social media and awareness of
elders on redressal measures.
Questions:
1. Why do you think Elder Abuse in any form is prevalent in the society? If yes, what extent elders are
abused?
2. Do you know anyone who has faced this issue? Please tell me in detail why the person was abused,
challenges faced by him, did he/she report this incident to anyone, satisfaction with the redressal
mechanism etc.?
3. In your opinion, who is primarily responsible for Elder Abuse and why elders are abused?
4. What kind of exploitations elder generally face from family and the society and the impact on their life?
What are the challenges people in your age group face due to this Elder Abuse? What are the risks
associated with Elder Abuse?
5. Have you heard about the redressal mechanism available to fight against Elder Abuse? If yes, what more
do you know about the ways for redressal of the issue? Which way is convenient and why?
6. If required are you able to fight against Elder Abuse independently? What challenges do you perceive to
fight against Elder Abuse?
7. Have you heard about MWPSC Act (Maintenance and welfare of parents and senior citizen Act) passed
in 2007? If yes, what more do you know about this act? What are the provision provided in this Act? If
require, can you avail benefits of this act independently? If no, what support do you need from society
and the government? What are the challenges you think? Is this act helping elder people in the society?
How?
8. What is the current role of the government to prevent elders from abuse? Is there any gap with respect
to service delivery, if yes, what mechanisms should be in place to provide more support and to fulfil this
gap?
9. What is the impact of increase in using social media platforms and mobile on life of elderly? The impact
could be positive and negative, please think and let me know more in detail?
10. How do your children and grandchildren treat you when you are willing to exchange words while they
are busy on their mobile phones?
11. What according to you is the most effective way to deal with Elder Abuse and why do you think it to be
the most effective? Do you have any other thought to share with us on this?
--------------------------------THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME----------------------------
83
Annex 3: Analytical Tables
84
Table 1 Distribution of elder by different categories
City name Age Group Own property Economic status Living Arrangement
Oldest-old (80+
Young-old (60-
Old-old (70-79
Median age of
Self employed
Casual worker
With spouse
Not working
Others own
Self-Owned
With family
Owned by
Employee
69 years)
Retired
Rented
spouse
Others
years)
years)
Alone
elder
Base
only
N
Delhi 65 71% 22% 6% 57% 32% 6% 6% 10% 6% 4% 17% 63% 85% 10% 4% 1% 218
Faridabad 65 67% 25% 8% 84% 9% 0% 6% 28% 11% 7% 7% 45% 90% 6% 4% 0% 218
Dehradun 65 73% 22% 6% 66% 4% 11% 20% 17% 8% 1% 6% 67% 82% 5% 7% 6% 218
Kanpur 65 61% 30% 9% 72% 2% 1% 24% 10% 11% 8% 18% 53% 89% 5% 4% 3% 218
Jaipur 64 78% 17% 5% 69% 11% 4% 16% 8% 7% 11% 9% 65% 96% 0% 4% 0% 218
Chandigarh 65 56% 28% 16% 89% 4% 1% 6% 10% 6% 10% 4% 71% 97% 1% 0% 1% 218
Amritsar 64 80% 18% 2% 90% 4% 1% 5% 8% 17% 5% 10% 61% 92% 6% 2% 0% 218
Jammu 65 63% 27% 10% 95% 2% 0% 2% 23% 5% 8% 13% 50% 96% 2% 2% 0% 218
Bengaluru 63 86% 13% 1% 28% 6% 6% 61% 3% 6% 25% 3% 63% 95% 4% 1% 0% 218
Mangalore 65 92% 8% 0% 86% 12% 2% 0% 44% 18% 0% 0% 38% 95% 4% 0% 0% 218
Hyderabad 63 77% 17% 6% 62% 6% 1% 32% 23% 4% 6% 7% 60% 72% 17% 10% 2% 218
Vizag 63 80% 15% 6% 67% 2% 2% 28% 34% 7% 3% 5% 51% 72% 12% 10% 6% 218
Kochi 68 61% 21% 19% 66% 19% 7% 7% 40% 14% 9% 7% 30% 85% 4% 6% 4% 218
Chennai 65 68% 23% 9% 44% 3% 8% 44% 33% 6% 4% 5% 51% 63% 15% 12% 9% 218
Madurai 67 58% 31% 11% 42% 6% 4% 48% 22% 8% 2% 12% 55% 54% 26% 19% 2% 218
Bhopal 65 75% 17% 8% 69% 15% 3% 13% 17% 9% 5% 5% 65% 83% 8% 7% 1% 218
Ahmedabad 63 79% 18% 3% 71% 11% 10% 8% 25% 6% 3% 5% 61% 83% 12% 3% 2% 218
Nagpur 67 58% 32% 10% 91% 1% 1% 7% 23% 5% 5% 12% 55% 79% 11% 6% 3% 218
Mumbai 65 69% 24% 7% 72% 19% 1% 8% 10% 6% 1% 20% 62% 89% 7% 4% 1% 218
Kolkata 65 69% 22% 9% 44% 0% 2% 54% 28% 14% 0% 5% 53% 81% 7% 11% 1% 218
Patna 62 72% 22% 6% 67% 0% 2% 31% 10% 22% 8% 11% 49% 92% 3% 5% 0% 218
Bhubaneswar 65 61% 25% 13% 80% 0% 2% 17% 22% 13% 1% 6% 57% 89% 5% 6% 0% 218
Guwahati 65 70% 25% 5% 74% 1% 3% 22% 8% 11% 1% 37% 42% 89% 2% 6% 3% 218
National level 65 71% 22% 8% 69% 7% 3% 20% 20% 10% 6% 10% 55% 85% 8% 6% 2% 5014
85
Table 2 Distribution of elderly male and female by education and marital status
City Name Male Base Female Base

Education Marital Status N Education Marital Status N
Illiterate Below High Married Widowed Others Illiterate Below High Married Widowed Others
high school high school
school and school and
above above
Delhi 12% 44% 44% 92% 6% 3% 109 24% 47% 29% 47% 53% 0% 109
Faridabad 20% 31% 49% 88% 8% 4% 109 69% 27% 5% 39% 61% 0% 109
Dehradun 48% 34% 18% 73% 23% 4% 109 76% 18% 6% 31% 68% 1% 109
Kanpur 7% 38% 54% 79% 19% 3% 109 29% 56% 15% 34% 65% 1% 109
Jaipur 24% 44% 33% 97% 2% 1% 109 50% 44% 6% 76% 21% 3% 109
Chandigarh 26% 63% 11% 87% 12% 1% 109 64% 36% 1% 69% 31% 0% 109
Amritsar 11% 45% 44% 96% 3% 1% 109 9% 41% 50% 87% 11% 2% 109
Jammu 25% 45% 30% 90% 9% 1% 109 53% 31% 17% 52% 47% 1% 109
Bengaluru 2% 32% 66% 95% 5% 0% 109 6% 28% 66% 74% 17% 9% 109
Mangalore 0% 18% 82% 91% 8% 1% 109 0% 28% 72% 96% 2% 2% 109
Hyderabad 18% 61% 21% 84% 15% 1% 109 63% 30% 7% 46% 48% 5% 109
Vizag 42% 46% 12% 86% 12% 2% 109 79% 21% 0% 34% 62% 4% 109
Kochi 15% 36% 50% 90% 3% 7% 109 22% 40% 38% 80% 13% 8% 109
Chennai 11% 54% 35% 81% 15% 5% 109 29% 55% 17% 33% 63% 3% 109
Madurai 12% 72% 16% 89% 7% 4% 109 32% 54% 14% 36% 58% 6% 109
Bhopal 36% 45% 19% 79% 18% 4% 109 74% 20% 6% 57% 41% 2% 109
Ahmedabad 17% 49% 35% 84% 16% 0% 109 40% 42% 18% 56% 41% 3% 109
Nagpur 11% 61% 28% 84% 14% 2% 109 45% 48% 6% 25% 75% 1% 109
Mumbai 5% 54% 41% 93% 7% 0% 109 14% 71% 14% 58% 41% 2% 109
Kolkata 19% 54% 27% 94% 5% 1% 109 47% 40% 13% 35% 64% 1% 109
Patna 21% 38% 41% 92% 8% 0% 109 62% 34% 4% 53% 47% 0% 109
Bhubaneswar 18% 53% 28% 92% 7% 1% 109 64% 33% 3% 31% 61% 8% 109
Guwahati 4% 50% 46% 96% 3% 2% 109 17% 63% 20% 65% 34% 1% 109
National level 18% 46% 36% 88% 10% 2% 2507 42% 39% 18% 53% 45% 3% 2507
86
Table 3 Distribution of elderly by occupation by different categories
Categories Casual Self Employee Retired Not Total

worker employed working
National level 20% 10% 6% 10% 55% 5014
Tier
Tier-1 18% 7% 7% 10% 59% 1308
Tier-2 21% 11% 5% 10% 54% 3706
Gender
Male 27% 16% 8% 18% 32% 2495
Female 13% 4% 3% 2% 78% 2519
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 23% 11% 6% 9% 52% 3543
Old-old (70-79 years) 13% 7% 6% 12% 62% 1092
Oldest-old (80+ years) 14% 5% 3% 13% 65% 379
Marital Status
Married 22% 12% 7% 12% 47% 3528
Widowed 13% 4% 3% 4% 76% 1369
Others 32% 10% 8% 6% 44% 117
Living arrangement
Alone 31% 10% 3% 6% 50% 287
With spouse only 27% 10% 6% 15% 43% 379
With family 19% 10% 6% 10% 56% 4244
Others 20% 6% 4% 5% 65% 104
Own property
Self-Owned 20% 10% 6% 11% 53% 3460
Owned by spouse 13% 6% 2% 7% 72% 366
Others own 18% 4% 5% 9% 65% 175
Rented 23% 10% 6% 6% 54% 1013
City Wise
Delhi 10% 6% 4% 17% 63% 218
Faridabad 28% 11% 7% 7% 45% 218
Dehradun 17% 8% 1% 6% 67% 218
Kanpur 10% 11% 8% 18% 53% 218
Jaipur 8% 7% 11% 9% 65% 218
Chandigarh 10% 6% 10% 4% 71% 218
Amritsar 8% 17% 5% 10% 61% 218
Jammu 23% 5% 8% 13% 50% 218
Bengaluru 3% 6% 25% 3% 63% 218
Mangalore 44% 18% 0% 0% 38% 218
Hyderabad 23% 4% 6% 7% 60% 218
Vizag 34% 7% 3% 5% 51% 218
Kochi 40% 14% 9% 7% 30% 218
Chennai 33% 6% 4% 5% 51% 218
Madurai 22% 8% 2% 12% 55% 218
Bhopal 17% 9% 5% 5% 65% 218
Ahmedabad 25% 6% 3% 5% 61% 218
Nagpur 23% 5% 5% 12% 55% 218
Mumbai 10% 6% 1% 20% 62% 218
Kolkata 28% 14% 0% 5% 53% 218
Patna 10% 22% 8% 11% 49% 218
Bhubaneswar 22% 13% 1% 6% 57% 218
Guwahati 8% 11% 1% 37% 42% 218
87
Table 4 Distribution of elderly by house ownership by different categories
Categories Owned by Total

Self-Owned spouse Others own Rented
National level 69% 7% 3% 20% 5014
Tier
Tier-1 51% 11% 4% 34% 1308
Tier-2 75% 6% 3% 15% 3706
Gender
Male 74% 3% 3% 20% 2495
Female 64% 11% 4% 21% 2519
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 67% 8% 3% 22% 3543
Old-old (70-79 years) 72% 6% 5% 17% 1092
Oldest-old (80+ years) 78% 2% 3% 17% 379
Marital Status
Married 71% 7% 2% 19% 3528
Widowed 66% 7% 6% 21% 1369
Others 48% 4% 12% 36% 117
Living arrangement
Alone 57% 3% 3% 37% 287
With spouse only 59% 11% 4% 27% 379
With family 71% 7% 3% 18% 4244
Others 45% 3% 21% 31% 104
Occupation
Casual worker 69% 5% 3% 24% 997
Self employed 73% 5% 1% 21% 484
Employee 71% 3% 3% 23% 280
Retired 80% 5% 3% 12% 492
Not working 66% 10% 4% 20% 2761
City Wise
Delhi 57% 32% 6% 6% 218
Faridabad 84% 9% 0% 6% 218
Dehradun 66% 4% 11% 20% 218
Kanpur 72% 2% 1% 24% 218
Jaipur 69% 11% 4% 16% 218
Chandigarh 89% 4% 1% 6% 218
Amritsar 90% 4% 1% 5% 218
Jammu 95% 2% 0% 2% 218
Bengaluru 28% 6% 6% 61% 218
Mangalore 86% 12% 2% 0% 218
Hyderabad 62% 6% 1% 32% 218
Vizag 67% 2% 2% 28% 218
Kochi 66% 19% 7% 7% 218
Chennai 44% 3% 8% 44% 218
Madurai 42% 6% 4% 48% 218
Bhopal 69% 15% 3% 13% 218
Ahmedabad 71% 11% 10% 8% 218
Nagpur 91% 1% 1% 7% 218
Mumbai 72% 19% 1% 8% 218
Kolkata 44% 0% 2% 54% 218
Patna 67% 0% 2% 31% 218
Bhubaneswar 80% 0% 2% 17% 218
Guwahati 74% 1% 3% 22% 218
88
Table 5 Distribution of elderly by living arrangement by different categories
Categories Alone With spouse only With family Others Total

National level 6% 8% 85% 2% 5014
Tier
Tier-1 7% 10% 81% 2% 1308
Tier-2 5% 7% 86% 2% 3706
Gender
Male 4% 11% 84% 1% 2495
Female 8% 4% 85% 3% 2519
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 5% 8% 85% 2% 3543
Old-old (70-79 years) 7% 8% 83% 2% 1092
Oldest-old (80+ years) 8% 7% 82% 3% 379
Marital Status
Married 2% 11% 86% 1% 3528
Widowed 11% 0% 85% 4% 1369
Others 55% 1% 26% 18% 117
Own property
Self-Owned 5% 6% 87% 1% 3460
Owned by spouse 3% 11% 86% 1% 366
Others own 5% 8% 75% 13% 175
Rented 10% 10% 76% 3% 1013
Occupation
Casual worker 9% 10% 79% 2% 997
Self employed 6% 8% 85% 1% 484
Employee 3% 8% 88% 1% 280
Retired 4% 11% 84% 1% 492
Not working 5% 6% 86% 2% 2761
City Wise
Delhi 4% 10% 85% 1% 218
Faridabad 4% 6% 90% 0% 218
Dehradun 7% 5% 82% 6% 218
Kanpur 4% 5% 89% 3% 218
Jaipur 4% 0% 96% 0% 218
Chandigarh 0% 1% 97% 1% 218
Amritsar 2% 6% 92% 0% 218
Jammu 2% 2% 96% 0% 218
Bengaluru 1% 4% 95% 0% 218
Mangalore 0% 4% 95% 0% 218
Hyderabad 10% 17% 72% 2% 218
Vizag 10% 12% 72% 6% 218
Kochi 6% 4% 85% 4% 218
Chennai 12% 15% 63% 9% 218
Madurai 19% 26% 54% 2% 218
Bhopal 7% 8% 83% 1% 218
Ahmedabad 3% 12% 83% 2% 218
Nagpur 6% 11% 79% 3% 218
Mumbai 4% 7% 89% 1% 218
Kolkata 11% 7% 81% 1% 218
Patna 5% 3% 92% 0% 218
Bhubaneswar 6% 5% 89% 0% 218
Guwahati 6% 2% 89% 3% 218
89
Table 6 Average monthly income of elderly and household income by different categories (INR)
Categories Median income of elderly per month Median household income per month
National level 4000 10000
Tier
Tier-1 3000 10000
Tier-2 4000 10000
Gender
Male 5000 10000
Female 2000 9000
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 4000 10000
Old-old (70-79 years) 3000 9000
Oldest-old (80+ years) 1800 10000
Marital Status
Married 5000 10000
Widowed 1800 8000
Others 3000 5000
Living arrangement
Alone 2500 3000
With spouse only 4250 6000
With family 4000 10000
Others 2000 8000
Own property
Self-Owned 4000 10000
Owned by spouse 3000 10000
Others own 2200 10000
Rented 3500 8000
City Wise
Delhi 3000 10000
Faridabad 2000 10000
Dehradun 1500 6000
Kanpur 5000 7000
Jaipur 5000 11500
Chandigarh 1800 10000
Amritsar 7000 15000
Jammu 3500 10000
Bengaluru 8000 15000
Mangalore 5000 20000
Hyderabad 2000 10000
Vizag 2000 6000
Kochi 10000 15000
Chennai 3750 7000
Madurai 4000 6000
Bhopal 1000 9750
Ahmedabad 5000 10000
Nagpur 4250 10000
Mumbai 5000 15000
Kolkata 2500 6900
Patna 3500 9500
Bhubaneswar 2500 8500
Guwahati 7000 10000
90
Table 7 Perception on what amounts to Elder Abuse by different categories
Unwelcome
Don’t Know
Exploitatio
Disrespect
or forcible
Economic
Beating/
(Specify)
Slapping
Verbally
Abusing
Contact
Neglect
Others
Sexual
Total
Categories
n
National level 51% 20% 42% 24% 6% 31% 5% 20% 5014
Tier
Tier-1 56% 22% 40% 24% 6% 37% 2% 19% 1308
Tier-2 49% 20% 42% 25% 7% 29% 6% 21% 3706
Gender
Male 51% 20% 43% 26% 7% 32% 4% 20% 2495
Female 51% 20% 40% 23% 6% 31% 6% 20% 2519
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 52% 21% 42% 25% 7% 32% 4% 18% 3543
Old-old (70-79 years) 50% 19% 44% 25% 6% 32% 7% 21% 1092
Oldest-old (80+ years) 41% 12% 30% 18% 6% 28% 6% 36% 379
Marital Status
Married 50% 20% 41% 24% 7% 31% 4% 20% 3528
Widowed 52% 21% 44% 27% 5% 34% 7% 21% 1369
Others 58% 13% 33% 20% 6% 32% 7% 21% 117
Living arrangement
Alone 51% 17% 43% 26% 4% 35% 6% 21% 287
With spouse only 53% 17% 42% 29% 5% 42% 5% 16% 379
With family 51% 21% 41% 24% 7% 30% 5% 20% 4244
Others 56% 22% 48% 35% 7% 39% 4% 19% 104
Own property
Self-Owned 48% 20% 42% 24% 7% 31% 6% 21% 3460
Owned by spouse 70% 23% 46% 23% 9% 30% 2% 13% 366
Others own 68% 23% 39% 40% 10% 33% 4% 17% 175
Rented 51% 19% 38% 23% 3% 35% 4% 22% 1013
City Wise
Delhi 65% 43% 79% 42% 21% 43% 0% 4% 218
Faridabad 55% 33% 63% 28% 15% 42% 0% 13% 218
Dehradun 32% 8% 22% 27% 2% 28% 17% 42% 218
Kanpur 56% 28% 62% 45% 21% 40% 2% 7% 218
Jaipur 39% 23% 33% 10% 3% 6% 0% 35% 218
Chandigarh 17% 6% 32% 6% 2% 12% 6% 45% 218
Amritsar 52% 20% 83% 19% 26% 26% 0% 7% 218
Jammu 24% 10% 21% 8% 2% 4% 34% 30% 218
Bengaluru 61% 10% 13% 26% 3% 46% 4% 16% 218
Mangalore 76% 22% 4% 22% 0% 51% 0% 14% 218
Hyderabad 50% 17% 43% 8% 3% 48% 0% 15% 218
Vizag 17% 8% 28% 12% 0% 16% 10% 34% 218
Kochi 54% 20% 19% 23% 13% 28% 0% 31% 218
Chennai 59% 20% 56% 28% 5% 40% 6% 26% 218
Madurai 70% 6% 60% 33% 2% 67% 11% 16% 218
Bhopal 76% 18% 58% 13% 0% 17% 2% 10% 218
Ahmedabad 71% 25% 41% 61% 7% 32% 6% 0% 218
Nagpur 56% 21% 60% 44% 4% 52% 18% 11% 218
Mumbai 40% 10% 33% 12% 5% 18% 1% 40% 218
Kolkata 58% 32% 18% 28% 0% 28% 1% 12% 218
Patna 17% 19% 32% 5% 4% 23% 0% 23% 218
Bhubaneswar 53% 33% 33% 27% 0% 17% 0% 19% 218
Guwahati 77% 34% 67% 34% 8% 40% 0% 10% 218
91
Table 8 Perception about prevalence of Elder Abuse in society by different categories
Q303. Do you think that Elder Q304. What according to you is
Total
Categories Abuse in any form is prevalent in the prevalence of Elder Abuse? Is
your society? it…………...?
No Yes High Somewhat High Low
National level 40% 60% 43% 44% 12% 3021
Tier
Tier-1 35% 65% 49% 41% 9% 856
Tier-2 42% 58% 41% 45% 13% 2165
Gender
Male 40% 60% 43% 44% 13% 1501
Female 40% 60% 44% 44% 12% 1520
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 38% 62% 43% 44% 12% 2187
Old-old (70-79 years) 40% 60% 43% 45% 12% 653
Oldest-old (80+ years) 52% 48% 48% 42% 10% 181
Marital Status
Married 40% 60% 42% 45% 13% 2119
Widowed 39% 61% 48% 41% 11% 837
Others 44% 56% 49% 45% 6% 65
Living arrangement
Alone 38% 62% 52% 38% 10% 178
With spouse only 40% 60% 50% 38% 12% 226
With family 40% 60% 42% 45% 13% 2553
Others 38% 62% 59% 41% 0% 64
Own property
Self-Owned 41% 59% 41% 45% 14% 2054
Owned by spouse 38% 62% 30% 58% 12% 226
Others own 36% 64% 50% 41% 9% 112
Rented 38% 62% 53% 38% 8% 629
City Wise
Delhi 13% 87% 36% 57% 7% 190
Faridabad 38% 62% 54% 34% 13% 136
Dehradun 70% 30% 56% 33% 11% 66
Kanpur 35% 65% 54% 40% 6% 142
Jaipur 56% 44% 23% 72% 5% 96
Chandigarh 64% 36% 16% 35% 48% 79
Amritsar 17% 83% 28% 62% 9% 181
Jammu 72% 28% 20% 54% 26% 61
Bengaluru 37% 63% 42% 49% 9% 137
Mangalore 38% 62% 21% 75% 4% 135
Hyderabad 48% 52% 50% 29% 21% 114
Vizag 67% 33% 44% 42% 14% 71
Kochi 67% 33% 38% 49% 14% 72
Chennai 46% 54% 64% 26% 10% 118
Madurai 32% 68% 65% 30% 5% 148
Bhopal 38% 62% 40% 38% 22% 135
Ahmedabad 14% 86% 41% 44% 14% 188
Nagpur 31% 69% 30% 43% 27% 151
Mumbai 50% 50% 45% 38% 16% 110
Kolkata 14% 86% 59% 40% 1% 187
Patna 31% 69% 47% 31% 23% 150
Bhubaneswar 13% 87% 42% 52% 6% 189
Guwahati 24% 76% 60% 37% 3% 165
92
Table 9 Perception about forms of Elder Abuse prevalent in society by different categories
Exploitatio
Unwelcom
Disrespect
Economic
Beating/
(Specify)
Slapping
Verbally
Abusing
Contact
forcible
Neglect
Others
Sexual
Total
e or
Categories
n
National level 65% 32% 60% 39% 8% 43% 1% 3021
Tier
Tier-1 67% 36% 51% 38% 9% 47% 1% 856
Tier-2 63% 30% 64% 39% 8% 41% 1% 2165
Gender
Male 64% 30% 61% 40% 9% 44% 1% 1501
Female 65% 33% 60% 38% 7% 42% 2% 1520
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 65% 32% 59% 39% 9% 42% 1% 2187
Old-old (70-79 years) 64% 32% 66% 39% 7% 43% 2% 653
Oldest-old (80+ years) 61% 27% 55% 38% 6% 44% 2% 181
Marital Status
Married 63% 31% 58% 37% 8% 41% 1% 2119
Widowed 68% 35% 66% 45% 7% 47% 2% 837
Others 71% 23% 55% 35% 14% 48% 3% 65
Living arrangement
Alone 69% 31% 61% 49% 7% 49% 2% 178
With spouse only 69% 27% 64% 45% 4% 52% 1% 226
With family 63% 32% 60% 37% 9% 41% 1% 2553
Others 81% 44% 72% 50% 13% 53% 5% 64
Own property
Self-Owned 62% 32% 62% 39% 9% 41% 1% 2054
Owned by spouse 77% 36% 71% 43% 8% 37% 1% 226
Others own 79% 29% 58% 45% 13% 52% 1% 112
Rented 67% 31% 51% 37% 6% 48% 1% 629
City Wise
Delhi 68% 58% 89% 54% 19% 44% 0% 190
Faridabad 67% 32% 81% 30% 9% 40% 1% 136
Dehradun 73% 38% 59% 61% 3% 65% 0% 66
Kanpur 60% 27% 77% 51% 22% 41% 2% 142
Jaipur 26% 39% 74% 11% 8% 6% 0% 96
Chandigarh 48% 22% 68% 25% 6% 33% 0% 79
Amritsar 54% 35% 93% 23% 24% 26% 3% 181
Jammu 75% 48% 80% 52% 16% 28% 2% 61
Bengaluru 81% 15% 9% 35% 4% 64% 0% 137
Mangalore 82% 24% 7% 33% 1% 60% 1% 135
Hyderabad 64% 31% 56% 29% 5% 55% 0% 114
Vizag 52% 32% 56% 59% 14% 42% 3% 71
Kochi 71% 25% 43% 32% 10% 49% 0% 72
Chennai 77% 36% 73% 42% 12% 58% 7% 118
Madurai 98% 12% 96% 56% 1% 94% 0% 148
Bhopal 70% 39% 76% 30% 4% 21% 0% 135
Ahmedabad 69% 19% 45% 62% 3% 27% 6% 188
Nagpur 69% 28% 74% 66% 3% 72% 5% 151
Mumbai 61% 36% 65% 40% 13% 45% 0% 110
Kolkata 56% 34% 19% 24% 1% 27% 1% 187
Patna 15% 37% 46% 15% 5% 29% 0% 150
Bhubaneswar 60% 33% 46% 34% 4% 23% 0% 189
Guwahati 81% 36% 68% 37% 5% 44% 0% 165
93
Table 10 Experience of Elder Abuse by different categories
Total
Q307. Have you ever been a victim of Elder
Categories
Abuse?
No Yes
Tier
Tier-1 76% 24% 1308
Tier-2 74% 26% 3706
Gender
Male 73% 27% 2495
Female 76% 24% 2519
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 73% 27% 3543
Old-old (70-79 years) 78% 22% 1092
Marital Status
Married 74% 26% 3528
Widowed 75% 25% 1369
Others 80% 20% 117
Living arrangement
Alone 74% 26% 287
Others 69% 31% 104
Own property
Self-Owned 75% 25% 3460
Rented 74% 26% 1013
City Wise
Delhi 67% 33% 218
Faridabad 73% 27% 218
Dehradun 79% 21% 218
Kanpur 70% 30% 218
Jaipur 72% 28% 218
Chandigarh 79% 21% 218
Amritsar 65% 35% 218
Jammu 88% 12% 218
Bengaluru 74% 26% 218
Mangalore 53% 47% 218
Hyderabad 76% 24% 218
Vizag 87% 13% 218
Kochi 85% 15% 218
Chennai 73% 27% 218
Madurai 78% 22% 218
Bhopal 61% 39% 218
Ahmedabad 54% 46% 218
Nagpur 78% 22% 218
Mumbai 87% 13% 218
Kolkata 77% 23% 218
Patna 78% 22% 218
Bhubaneswar 77% 23% 218
Guwahati 83% 17% 218
94
Table 11 Forms of Elder Abuse experienced by elders by different categories
Exploitatio
Unwelcom
Disrespect
Economic
Beating/
(Specify)
Slapping
Verbally
Abusing
Contact
forcible
Neglect
Others
Sexual
Total
e or
Categories
n
National level 56% 12% 49% 22% 1% 34% 3% 1278
Tier
Tier-1 62% 10% 44% 19% 1% 41% 1% 316
Tier-2 54% 12% 51% 23% 1% 31% 4% 962
Gender
Male 55% 10% 47% 21% 1% 33% 3% 662
Female 58% 14% 52% 22% 1% 35% 3% 616
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 55% 12% 49% 21% 1% 33% 3% 973
Old-old (70-79 years) 58% 11% 53% 21% 2% 35% 3% 238
Oldest-old (80+ years) 63% 13% 51% 33% 1% 33% 0% 67
Marital Status
Married 53% 12% 45% 19% 1% 33% 3% 918
Widowed 65% 12% 61% 30% 1% 37% 2% 337
Others 61% 4% 43% 17% 0% 30% 4% 23
Living arrangement
Alone 74% 16% 67% 33% 1% 41% 1% 76
With spouse only 52% 10% 56% 27% 3% 37% 2% 94
With family 55% 12% 47% 20% 1% 33% 3% 1076
Others 75% 9% 63% 44% 3% 44% 0% 32
Own property
Self-Owned 54% 12% 49% 22% 1% 33% 3% 855
Owned by spouse 61% 12% 52% 13% 0% 17% 4% 109
Others own 63% 10% 53% 25% 0% 29% 2% 51
Rented 59% 10% 48% 24% 3% 43% 2% 263
City Wise
Delhi 48% 10% 58% 11% 4% 34% 0% 71
Faridabad 49% 10% 59% 17% 5% 31% 0% 59
Dehradun 80% 15% 57% 59% 0% 50% 0% 46
Kanpur 39% 8% 71% 21% 3% 27% 0% 66
Jaipur 41% 15% 62% 7% 2% 18% 0% 61
Chandigarh 36% 13% 49% 20% 0% 22% 7% 45
Amritsar 38% 8% 73% 14% 1% 19% 0% 77
Jammu 48% 22% 59% 15% 4% 19% 0% 27
Bengaluru 73% 2% 5% 7% 0% 52% 4% 56
Mangalore 42% 6% 3% 5% 0% 39% 8% 103
Hyderabad 72% 11% 64% 19% 2% 55% 0% 53
Vizag 52% 10% 45% 28% 0% 7% 3% 29
Kochi 64% 12% 24% 18% 0% 24% 0% 33
Chennai 55% 7% 45% 31% 0% 40% 0% 58
Madurai 83% 9% 89% 43% 2% 81% 0% 47
Bhopal 79% 20% 70% 15% 0% 14% 4% 84
Ahmedabad 71% 6% 39% 36% 0% 32% 14% 100
Nagpur 54% 19% 67% 44% 0% 54% 15% 48
Mumbai 54% 11% 75% 14% 0% 39% 0% 28
Kolkata 70% 20% 26% 30% 0% 24% 2% 50
Patna 17% 21% 48% 8% 8% 38% 2% 48
Bhubaneswar 82% 22% 29% 31% 0% 29% 0% 51
Guwahati 47% 11% 53% 29% 0% 32% 0% 38
95
Table 12 Frequency of Elder Abuse faced by elders by different categories
been facing abuse?

How long have you
Beating/ Slapping
Verbally Abusing
forcible Sexual
Unwelcome or
Exploitation
Disrespect
Economic
(in years)
Contact
Neglect
Base
N=
City name
Daily/ Daily/ Daily/ Daily/ Daily/ Daily/

Average in years
Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly
Delhi 6 50% 57% 44% 63% 33% 42% 71
Faridabad 4 41% 0% 31% 60% 0% 28% 59
Dehradun 6 73% 14% 42% 67% 0% 74% 46
Kanpur 6 38% 20% 38% 21% 0% 56% 66
Jaipur 5 44% 56% 34% 50% 100% 55% 61
Chandigarh 3 50% 50% 36% 44% 0% 60% 45
Amritsar 5 55% 50% 27% 45% 0% 27% 77
Jammu 5 54% 17% 38% 50% 0% 40% 27
Bengaluru 4 41% 0% 67% 25% 0% 45% 56
Mangalore 1 42% 50% 67% 0% 0% 58% 103
Hyderabad 4 45% 33% 47% 60% 0% 31% 53
Vizag 5 53% 67% 54% 50% 0% 100% 29
Kochi 3 33% 75% 50% 67% 0% 25% 33
Chennai 5 72% 25% 54% 28% 0% 57% 58
Madurai 6 67% 50% 48% 55% 0% 37% 47
Bhopal 4 62% 65% 61% 62% 0% 42% 84
Ahmedabad 5 59% 17% 59% 78% 0% 63% 100
Nagpur 7 50% 44% 59% 57% 0% 77% 48
Mumbai 5 53% 67% 38% 75% 0% 55% 28
Kolkata 7 49% 50% 69% 53% 0% 33% 50
Patna 6 63% 50% 39% 0% 50% 33% 48
Bhubaneswar 6 60% 36% 53% 69% 0% 40% 51
Guwahati 6 78% 75% 55% 36% 0% 50% 38
National level 5 54% 44% 46% 54% 24% 48% 1278
96
Table 13 Person responsible for Elder Abuse by different categories
/partne
Median
servant
Caregiv
Daught
Spouse
Daught
Son-in-
person
Parent
Grand
age of
er-in-
Total
child
Son
er /
law
law
the
er
Categories
r
National level 42 52% 34% 14% 6% 1% 3% 6% 1% 1278
Tier
Tier-1 42 54% 38% 10% 9% 1% 2% 6% 2% 316
Tier-2 42 51% 33% 15% 5% 1% 3% 5% 1% 962
Gender
Male 43 53% 29% 17% 6% 1% 3% 4% 1% 662
Female 41 50% 40% 11% 7% 1% 3% 7% 2% 616
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 40 52% 33% 14% 6% 1% 3% 4% 2% 973
Old-old (70-79 years) 49 53% 38% 12% 6% 0% 2% 9% 0% 238
Oldest-old (80+ years) 58 45% 43% 18% 10% 0% 6% 10% 1% 67
Marital Status
Married 42 53% 31% 17% 5% 1% 2% 5% 1% 918
Widowed 43 51% 45% 7% 9% 1% 3% 7% 2% 337
Others 41 35% 26% 4% 4% 4% 4% 0% 4% 23
Living arrangement
Alone 44 51% 43% 7% 11% 0% 3% 7% 4% 76
With spouse only 42 53% 36% 18% 7% 3% 1% 3% 0% 94
With family 42 52% 34% 14% 6% 1% 3% 5% 1% 1076
Others 46 25% 28% 6% 13% 0% 9% 13% 13% 32
Own property
Self-Owned 43 52% 33% 15% 6% 1% 3% 5% 1% 855
Owned by spouse 41 53% 44% 9% 1% 0% 2% 6% 1% 109
Others own 46 43% 25% 14% 12% 4% 4% 8% 4% 51
Rented 42 51% 38% 13% 8% 1% 3% 6% 2% 263
City Wise
Delhi 39 62% 44% 11% 4% 0% 1% 7% 3% 71
Faridabad 43 42% 47% 32% 7% 3% 5% 7% 3% 59
Dehradun 44 61% 28% 13% 4% 0% 2% 0% 0% 46
Kanpur 42 47% 55% 9% 3% 0% 5% 11% 0% 66
Jaipur 42 57% 23% 10% 2% 3% 2% 18% 0% 61
Chandigarh 42 53% 47% 7% 0% 0% 2% 7% 0% 45
Amritsar 42 56% 27% 29% 8% 0% 5% 8% 0% 77
Jammu 37 59% 30% 15% 7% 4% 4% 7% 4% 27
Bengaluru 40 57% 30% 5% 16% 0% 4% 9% 0% 56
Mangalore 40 47% 14% 10% 3% 2% 2% 1% 0% 103
Hyderabad 42 64% 36% 9% 13% 2% 2% 4% 6% 53
Vizag 39 55% 17% 21% 17% 3% 7% 3% 0% 29
Kochi 43 30% 27% 15% 0% 0% 6% 3% 12% 33
Chennai 43 48% 33% 7% 14% 3% 3% 5% 3% 58
Madurai 40 51% 49% 15% 26% 0% 2% 6% 0% 47
Bhopal 45 51% 51% 13% 0% 0% 1% 5% 0% 84
Ahmedabad 46 47% 26% 15% 0% 0% 0% 3% 1% 100
Nagpur 55 40% 25% 17% 4% 0% 0% 6% 0% 48
Mumbai 44 32% 54% 18% 4% 0% 0% 7% 0% 28
Kolkata 45 50% 36% 12% 4% 0% 0% 4% 0% 50
Patna 40 54% 38% 8% 8% 0% 2% 4% 2% 48
Bhubaneswar 45 61% 39% 24% 10% 0% 4% 2% 2% 51
Guwahati 45 61% 24% 5% 5% 5% 5% 0% 0% 38
97
Table 14 Frequency of Elder Abuse faced by elders by different categories
been facing abuse?

How long have you
Beating/ Slapping
Verbally Abusing
forcible Sexual
Unwelcome or
Exploitation
Disrespect
Economic
(in years)
Contact
Neglect
Base
N=
City name
Daily/ Daily/ Daily/ Daily/ Daily/ Daily/

Average in years
Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly
Delhi 6 50% 57% 44% 63% 33% 42% 71
Faridabad 4 41% 0% 31% 60% 0% 28% 59
Dehradun 6 73% 14% 42% 67% 0% 74% 46
Kanpur 6 38% 20% 38% 21% 0% 56% 66
Jaipur 5 44% 56% 34% 50% 100% 55% 61
Chandigarh 3 50% 50% 36% 44% 0% 60% 45
Amritsar 5 55% 50% 27% 45% 0% 27% 77
Jammu 5 54% 17% 38% 50% 0% 40% 27
Bengaluru 4 41% 0% 67% 25% 0% 45% 56
Mangalore 1 42% 50% 67% 0% 0% 58% 103
Hyderabad 4 45% 33% 47% 60% 0% 31% 53
Vizag 5 53% 67% 54% 50% 0% 100% 29
Kochi 3 33% 75% 50% 67% 0% 25% 33
Chennai 5 72% 25% 54% 28% 0% 57% 58
Madurai 6 67% 50% 48% 55% 0% 37% 47
Bhopal 4 62% 65% 61% 62% 0% 42% 84
Ahmedabad 5 59% 17% 59% 78% 0% 63% 100
Nagpur 7 50% 44% 59% 57% 0% 77% 48
Mumbai 5 53% 67% 38% 75% 0% 55% 28
Kolkata 7 49% 50% 69% 53% 0% 33% 50
Patna 6 63% 50% 39% 0% 50% 33% 48
Bhubaneswar 6 60% 36% 53% 69% 0% 40% 51
Guwahati 6 78% 75% 55% 36% 0% 50% 38
National level 5 54% 44% 46% 54% 24% 48% 1278
98
Table 15 Education of person responsible for Elder Abuse by different categories
(professional degree)
(professional degree)
School-Up to 4 years
(including Diploma)
Secondary / Matric
Don’t Know / Can’t

School-5 to 9 years
Graduate (general
Hr./Sr. Secondary
passed (Class-XII)
but not graduate

formal schooling
(general degree)
Literate without
passed (Class-X)
Post graduate
Post graduate
Some College
Graduate
Illiterate
degree)
Total
Say
City Name
Delhi 1% 10% 8% 14% 17% 11% 8% 13% 3% 8% 6% 0% 71

Faridabad 15% 3% 7% 12% 15% 15% 5% 3% 3% 7% 12% 2% 59
Dehradun 22% 7% 7% 20% 7% 7% 2% 9% 9% 7% 4% 2% 46
Kanpur 6% 11% 5% 14% 20% 8% 3% 15% 2% 11% 3% 5% 66
Jaipur 8% 7% 11% 18% 25% 3% 11% 10% 2% 3% 0% 2% 61
Chandigarh 9% 11% 11% 13% 22% 16% 4% 4% 2% 4% 2% 0% 45
Amritsar 3% 4% 4% 25% 16% 21% 3% 9% 5% 6% 5% 0% 77
Jammu 4% 11% 7% 15% 11% 7% 11% 15% 0% 4% 15% 0% 27
Bengaluru 0% 2% 4% 4% 25% 38% 13% 13% 2% 2% 0% 0% 56
Mangalore 0% 0% 2% 8% 8% 40% 4% 27% 2% 9% 0% 1% 103
Hyderabad 8% 6% 6% 19% 19% 9% 9% 8% 8% 4% 4% 2% 53
Vizag 24% 3% 7% 28% 10% 7% 7% 3% 3% 3% 3% 0% 29
Kochi 3% 0% 12% 12% 24% 6% 9% 24% 0% 0% 6% 3% 33
Chennai 7% 3% 7% 12% 28% 9% 3% 2% 10% 12% 5% 2% 58
Madurai 2% 0% 6% 49% 34% 0% 2% 4% 0% 0% 2% 0% 47
Bhopal 25% 8% 6% 18% 14% 5% 5% 7% 2% 4% 0% 6% 84
Ahmedabad 5% 0% 5% 40% 15% 3% 3% 3% 1% 0% 1% 24% 100
Nagpur 6% 0% 13% 35% 15% 8% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 21% 48
Mumbai 7% 7% 0% 32% 25% 0% 11% 4% 0% 0% 4% 11% 28
Kolkata 16% 14% 8% 16% 6% 8% 6% 10% 4% 4% 4% 4% 50
Patna 15% 8% 4% 19% 29% 15% 0% 6% 2% 2% 0% 0% 48
Bhubaneswar 14% 10% 20% 27% 10% 2% 2% 6% 2% 2% 6% 0% 51
Guwahati 5% 5% 8% 11% 11% 11% 5% 5% 13% 11% 8% 8% 38
National 8% 5% 7% 20% 17% 12% 5% 9% 3% 5% 3% 4% 1278
level
99
Table 16 Occupation of person responsible for Elder Abuse by different categories
employer (factory owner
Retired from State Govt.

/ showroom owner etc.)
account worker (small
Professionals (doctor/
(carpenter/ plumber/
Retired Central Govt.

Retired from Private
Government service
Hospital
Self-employed: own
Nationalized Bank /
shops owner/petty
Unskilled worker
work
CA etc.)
Others(Specify)
Self-employed:
Self-employed:
Private service
Skilled worker
Servant (PSU/
Housewife
company
traders)
Service
o not do any
tailor)
Total
etc.)
University/
City Name
lawyer/
Delhi 6% 8% 21% 8% 8% 6% 8% 27% 1% 0% 0% 4% 1% 71
Faridabad 14% 7% 14% 3% 12% 10% 5% 24% 0% 0% 0% 7% 5% 59
Dehradun 11% 15% 22% 4% 9% 0% 13% 20% 0% 0% 0% 7% 0% 46
Kanpur 3% 14% 14% 2% 6% 14% 6% 32% 0% 2% 0% 9% 0% 66
Jaipur 2% 10% 11% 5% 2% 36% 7% 15% 0% 0% 0% 13% 0% 61
Chandigarh 7% 9% 9% 9% 7% 13% 4% 33% 0% 0% 0% 7% 2% 45
Amritsar 1% 16% 25% 4% 8% 10% 6% 22% 0% 0% 0% 6% 1% 77
Jammu 0% 11% 19% 4% 7% 19% 11% 22% 0% 0% 0% 7% 0% 27
Bengaluru 2% 2% 7% 5% 14% 34% 2% 32% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 56
Mangalore 4% 50% 6% 7% 1% 3% 7% 20% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 103
Hyderabad 6% 17% 9% 6% 2% 26% 8% 21% 2% 0% 0% 4% 0% 53
Vizag 21% 10% 3% 3% 3% 7% 7% 31% 3% 0% 0% 7% 3% 29
Kochi 18% 12% 21% 0% 3% 24% 6% 12% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 33
Chennai 3% 19% 10% 3% 7% 5% 7% 40% 0% 0% 2% 3% 0% 58
Madurai 2% 19% 9% 0% 2% 4% 0% 55% 2% 4% 2% 0% 0% 47
Bhopal 6% 5% 11% 0% 1% 19% 0% 50% 1% 0% 0% 7% 0% 84
Ahmedabad 6% 22% 10% 0% 0% 13% 1% 23% 0% 0% 0% 13% 12% 100
Nagpur 23% 15% 6% 0% 0% 4% 6% 23% 0% 2% 0% 6% 15% 48
Mumbai 4% 21% 4% 4% 0% 11% 7% 39% 0% 0% 0% 7% 4% 28
Kolkata 18% 18% 10% 4% 6% 8% 8% 24% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% 50
Patna 6% 6% 21% 2% 6% 15% 2% 33% 0% 0% 0% 6% 2% 48
Bhubaneswar 35% 4% 4% 4% 8% 8% 0% 29% 0% 0% 0% 2% 6% 51
Guwahati 8% 21% 16% 8% 11% 8% 13% 11% 0% 0% 3% 0% 3% 38
National level 8% 16% 12% 4% 5% 13% 5% 28% 1% 0% 0% 5% 3% 1278
100
Table 17 Elders opinion on why they were abused by different categories
interferen
due to my
My family
as burden
amount is
do
resources
independ
my name
Think me
Property
linked in
financial
financial
cultural,
Pension
to meet
matters
of living
entitled
matters
want to
my way
Issue of
Deposit
old-age
like
related
Lack of
social,
family
needs
issues
to my
name
Total
Fixed
ently
w.r.t
ce in
live
Family
My
my
Categories
not
National level 22% 7% 11% 26% 22% 25% 23% 10% 1278
Tier
Tier-1 23% 7% 13% 30% 24% 23% 25% 11% 316
Tier-2 22% 7% 10% 25% 21% 25% 22% 9% 962
Gender
Male 22% 8% 10% 25% 22% 23% 21% 11% 662
Female 22% 6% 11% 28% 22% 26% 26% 8% 616
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 22% 7% 10% 26% 22% 23% 23% 10% 973
Old-old (70-79 years) 20% 5% 12% 26% 24% 31% 25% 10% 238
Oldest-old (80+ years) 27% 6% 19% 30% 21% 33% 25% 6% 67
Marital Status
Married 22% 8% 9% 25% 22% 22% 22% 9% 918
Widowed 22% 4% 14% 31% 21% 31% 28% 10% 337
Others 30% 4% 17% 9% 22% 17% 13% 9% 23
Living arrangement
Alone 25% 7% 13% 37% 22% 30% 32% 11% 76
With spouse only 20% 3% 7% 31% 20% 33% 26% 12% 94
With family 22% 7% 11% 25% 22% 23% 22% 9% 1076
Others 19% 6% 16% 31% 28% 38% 34% 6% 32
Own property
Self-Owned 23% 6% 10% 25% 21% 23% 22% 9% 855
Owned by spouse 20% 8% 18% 33% 22% 27% 15% 8% 109
Others own 25% 2% 6% 22% 16% 27% 22% 18% 51
Rented 20% 10% 10% 29% 25% 27% 31% 11% 263
City Wise
Delhi 21% 3% 17% 34% 25% 21% 30% 8% 71
Faridabad 25% 5% 20% 36% 15% 12% 27% 8% 59
Dehradun 7% 4% 7% 26% 30% 28% 22% 9% 46
Kanpur 27% 6% 9% 30% 21% 17% 24% 8% 66
Jaipur 23% 13% 16% 21% 13% 21% 20% 5% 61
Chandigarh 7% 2% 13% 20% 18% 27% 18% 7% 45
Amritsar 17% 9% 4% 18% 19% 18% 27% 12% 77
Jammu 19% 4% 7% 26% 11% 22% 33% 19% 27
Bengaluru 16% 27% 20% 39% 13% 7% 25% 13% 56
Mangalore 34% 7% 5% 25% 17% 9% 1% 2% 103
Hyderabad 30% 8% 15% 28% 34% 36% 25% 6% 53
Vizag 28% 3% 7% 7% 17% 28% 14% 7% 29
Kochi 9% 9% 24% 36% 21% 33% 9% 6% 33
Chennai 26% 2% 3% 31% 26% 22% 22% 22% 58
Madurai 15% 17% 17% 66% 23% 43% 70% 13% 47
Bhopal 24% 10% 21% 33% 24% 37% 27% 4% 84
Ahmedabad 7% 2% 4% 8% 25% 39% 19% 22% 100
Nagpur 29% 6% 6% 29% 42% 38% 25% 10% 48
Mumbai 25% 4% 0% 29% 7% 32% 25% 25% 28
Kolkata 22% 0% 14% 18% 34% 26% 24% 0% 50
Patna 42% 4% 4% 13% 17% 13% 19% 10% 48
Bhubaneswar 31% 0% 0% 14% 31% 24% 18% 4% 51
Guwahati 24% 8% 11% 18% 11% 29% 29% 8% 38
101
Table 18 Attempt made by elders to report Elder Abuse by different categories
Q318. Have you made any attempt to report
tal
To
Categories
these incidents to any person / agency?
No Yes
Tier
Tier-1 81% 19% 316
Tier-2 82% 18% 962
Gender
Male 80% 20% 662
Female 84% 16% 616
Age group
Young-old (60-69 years) 81% 19% 973
Old-old (70-79 years) 84% 16% 238
Marital Status
Married 82% 18% 918
Widowed 81% 19% 337
Others 87% 13% 23
Living arrangement
Alone 80% 20% 76
Others 84% 16% 32
Own property
Self-Owned 81% 19% 855
Rented 87% 13% 263
City Wise
Delhi 77% 23% 71
Faridabad 95% 5% 59
Dehradun 70% 30% 46
Kanpur 91% 9% 66
Jaipur 93% 7% 61
Amritsar 86% 14% 77
Jammu 81% 19% 27
Hyderabad 89% 11% 53
Vizag 69% 31% 29
Kochi 88% 12% 33
Chennai 83% 17% 58
Madurai 85% 15% 47
Bhopal 64% 36% 84
Nagpur 85% 15% 48
Mumbai 79% 21% 28
Kolkata 78% 22% 50
Patna 83% 17% 48
Guwahati 76% 24% 38
102
Table 19 Elderly approached to person/agency to report Elder Abuse
City Name Other NGO HelpAge Others Extended Relative Friend Community Social Senior Residents’ Local Total
family NGO / (Specify) Family Leader Worker Citizens’ Welfare Police /
Member Staff / Member Association Association police
helpline helpline
number
Delhi 31% 0% 0% 0% 13% 31% 25% 25% 6% 0% 19% 38% 16
Faridabad 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 33% 0% 0% 0% 0% 67% 3
Dehradun 43% 0% 7% 7% 7% 50% 64% 7% 0% 7% 0% 21% 14
Kanpur 33% 0% 0% 0% 0% 33% 17% 0% 0% 17% 0% 17% 6
Jaipur 0% 0% 0% 0% 25% 50% 25% 25% 0% 25% 0% 25% 4
Chandigarh 11% 0% 0% 0% 22% 44% 44% 0% 0% 0% 0% 11% 9
Amritsar 9% 0% 0% 9% 9% 27% 18% 0% 0% 0% 0% 36% 11
Jammu 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 20% 40% 20% 20% 20% 0% 40% 5
Bengaluru 18% 0% 0% 0% 73% 18% 64% 0% 9% 9% 0% 0% 11
Mangalore 18% 0% 0% 0% 9% 18% 45% 9% 9% 9% 0% 0% 11
Hyderabad 33% 0% 0% 0% 17% 33% 50% 17% 0% 0% 0% 50% 6
Vizag 11% 0% 0% 0% 11% 56% 11% 22% 11% 11% 11% 33% 9
Kochi 25% 0% 0% 0% 0% 25% 25% 0% 0% 0% 25% 50% 4
Chennai 20% 0% 0% 0% 30% 50% 50% 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 10
Madurai 0% 0% 0% 0% 14% 14% 29% 14% 0% 0% 0% 29% 7
Bhopal 13% 0% 17% 7% 3% 33% 17% 0% 7% 0% 10% 27% 30
Ahmedabad 35% 0% 0% 0% 5% 85% 60% 15% 5% 0% 0% 0% 20
Nagpur 14% 0% 0% 43% 29% 29% 0% 14% 14% 0% 0% 57% 7
Mumbai 17% 0% 0% 0% 0% 17% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 67% 6
Kolkata 0% 0% 0% 27% 0% 18% 36% 0% 0% 0% 0% 55% 11
Patna 0% 0% 0% 0% 25% 25% 13% 25% 25% 0% 0% 13% 8
Bhubaneswar 17% 0% 0% 17% 0% 17% 0% 8% 8% 17% 0% 42% 12
Guwahati 22% 0% 0% 0% 0% 44% 22% 11% 0% 11% 0% 44% 9
National 19% 0% 3% 5% 12% 36% 31% 10% 5% 4% 3% 27% 229
level
103
Table 20 Reason to approach to person/agency to report Elder Abuse
City Name Confidence in the Did not know Total

ability of the person/ any other way to
agency to solve the deal with the To maintain confidentiality Apparent Ineffectiveness of
problem problem of the family matter other ways and means Others (Specify)
Delhi 44% 31% 44% 13% 6% 16
Faridabad 67% 67% 33% 0% 0% 3
Dehradun 21% 36% 43% 14% 7% 14
Kanpur 33% 0% 67% 17% 0% 6
Jaipur 75% 25% 100% 0% 0% 4
Chandigarh 78% 33% 22% 0% 11% 9
Amritsar 27% 55% 55% 9% 0% 11
Jammu 20% 60% 60% 0% 0% 5
Bengaluru 91% 45% 9% 9% 0% 11
Mangalore 55% 45% 9% 0% 0% 11
Hyderabad 0% 17% 100% 0% 0% 6
Vizag 33% 33% 33% 11% 0% 9
Kochi 50% 25% 50% 25% 0% 4
Chennai 10% 10% 70% 10% 10% 10
Madurai 71% 71% 43% 14% 0% 7
Bhopal 20% 23% 67% 10% 7% 30
Ahmedabad 5% 20% 90% 10% 0% 20
Nagpur 43% 43% 43% 0% 29% 7
Mumbai 33% 0% 50% 0% 17% 6
Kolkata 64% 36% 0% 0% 18% 11
Patna 25% 38% 25% 13% 0% 8
Bhubaneswar 75% 17% 33% 0% 0% 12
Guwahati 33% 11% 56% 11% 11% 9
National level 38% 31% 48% 8% 5% 229
104
Table 21 How person/agency helped elderly by different categories
I was told
Person / to use
agency Person / I was I was HelpAge
Person /
provided agency My case was referred to referred to helpline Did not help Others
City Name agency Total
knowledge to counselled my registered seek help meet number or me (Specify)
counselled me
fight against family from court some NGO to meet
Elder Abuse HelpAge
official
Delhi 25% 44% 25% 31% 19% 6% 6% 25% 0% 16
Faridabad 33% 67% 33% 33% 33% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3
Dehradun 29% 57% 21% 14% 0% 7% 0% 14% 7% 14
Kanpur 0% 17% 67% 0% 0% 0% 0% 33% 0% 6
Jaipur 0% 75% 75% 75% 50% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4
Chandigarh 33% 33% 22% 11% 11% 0% 0% 22% 0% 9
Amritsar 0% 27% 9% 9% 9% 0% 0% 55% 9% 11
Jammu 0% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 0% 40% 0% 5
Bengaluru 27% 73% 55% 18% 18% 0% 0% 0% 0% 11
Mangalore 9% 55% 27% 9% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 11
Hyderabad 0% 17% 0% 0% 0% 17% 0% 83% 0% 6
Vizag 11% 33% 33% 0% 0% 0% 0% 22% 11% 9
Kochi 25% 0% 0% 25% 0% 0% 25% 50% 0% 4
Chennai 0% 0% 10% 0% 10% 10% 0% 80% 0% 10
Madurai 43% 43% 0% 14% 0% 0% 14% 29% 0% 7
Bhopal 10% 23% 33% 7% 13% 13% 20% 13% 0% 30
Ahmedabad 5% 10% 15% 5% 5% 5% 5% 75% 0% 20
Nagpur 0% 57% 0% 43% 14% 0% 0% 29% 29% 7
Mumbai 0% 33% 0% 17% 17% 0% 0% 50% 0% 6
Kolkata 27% 18% 0% 18% 0% 0% 0% 36% 18% 11
Patna 0% 75% 50% 0% 0% 0% 0% 13% 0% 8
Bhubaneswar 8% 25% 25% 8% 0% 0% 0% 50% 0% 12
Guwahati 0% 22% 11% 11% 0% 22% 0% 33% 11% 9
National level 13% 34% 23% 13% 8% 5% 4% 33% 3% 229
105
Table 22 Person/agency resolved the issue
City Name Did not resolve the issue Yes, resolved the issue Total
Delhi 63% 38% 16
Faridabad 0% 100% 3
Dehradun 64% 36% 14
Kanpur 50% 50% 6
Jaipur 50% 50% 4
Amritsar 64% 36% 11
Jammu 80% 20% 5
Mangalore 91% 9% 11
Hyderabad 100% 0% 6
Vizag 44% 56% 9
Kochi 50% 50% 4
Chennai 80% 20% 10
Madurai 86% 14% 7
Bhopal 63% 37% 30
Nagpur 86% 14% 7
Mumbai 67% 33% 6
Kolkata 64% 36% 11
Patna 88% 13% 8
Guwahati 78% 22% 9
106
Table 23 Reasons for not reporting about Elder Abuse to person/agency
Lacked Confidence Apparent

in ability of any Did not know how To maintain Ineffectiveness
City Name
person/ agency to to deal with confidentiality of available channels of Fear of Others
solve problem problem family matter reporting and redress Retaliation (Specify) Total
Delhi 15% 45% 45% 11% 16% 0% 55
Faridabad 7% 36% 61% 11% 7% 7% 56
Dehradun 16% 44% 56% 31% 6% 0% 32
Kanpur 7% 25% 67% 7% 13% 2% 60
Jaipur 5% 35% 60% 7% 5% 0% 57
Chandigarh 36% 22% 44% 6% 6% 0% 36
Amritsar 11% 17% 73% 6% 11% 2% 66
Jammu 5% 27% 64% 23% 14% 5% 22
Bengaluru 27% 56% 42% 22% 9% 2% 45
Mangalore 20% 52% 28% 1% 1% 0% 92
Hyderabad 2% 43% 45% 19% 11% 0% 47
Vizag 0% 65% 35% 0% 5% 10% 20
Kochi 24% 45% 38% 7% 14% 10% 29
Chennai 21% 10% 56% 13% 27% 0% 48
Madurai 3% 13% 93% 0% 13% 3% 40
Bhopal 20% 37% 57% 22% 4% 4% 54
Ahmedabad 11% 28% 53% 18% 11% 9% 80
Nagpur 2% 34% 61% 5% 12% 12% 41
Mumbai 9% 41% 55% 0% 9% 5% 22
Kolkata 21% 21% 54% 10% 23% 3% 39
Patna 23% 38% 30% 5% 15% 0% 40
Bhubaneswar 33% 10% 44% 0% 21% 0% 39
Guwahati 14% 41% 41% 7% 14% 0% 29
National level 14% 34% 52% 10% 11% 3% 1049
107
Table 24 Elder opinion to deal effectively with Elder Abuse
Increase Develop effective Develop effective Sensitize children Develop Self Help
Economic legal reporting social reporting and strengthen Sensitize Groups of Older Persons
City Name
Independence of and redress and redress intergenerational Young to provide assistance Others
the Abused system system bonding Adults and intervention (Specify) Total
Delhi 47% 38% 32% 64% 46% 24% 0% 218
Faridabad 17% 32% 24% 57% 44% 5% 4% 218
Dehradun 51% 69% 80% 64% 53% 32% 0% 218
Kanpur 25% 20% 11% 67% 50% 12% 1% 218
Jaipur 40% 18% 16% 22% 28% 1% 0% 218
Chandigarh 43% 31% 15% 30% 9% 2% 1% 218
Amritsar 26% 34% 29% 54% 50% 28% 0% 218
Jammu 48% 41% 39% 17% 17% 30% 6% 218
Bengaluru 64% 41% 33% 16% 23% 3% 0% 218
Mangalore 16% 34% 42% 9% 2% 0% 0% 218
Hyderabad 46% 36% 22% 44% 34% 27% 0% 218
Vizag 43% 36% 24% 52% 5% 12% 4% 218
Kochi 27% 46% 34% 30% 40% 12% 0% 218
Chennai 59% 25% 11% 21% 24% 30% 2% 218
Madurai 64% 6% 6% 16% 61% 12% 2% 218
Bhopal 44% 21% 14% 28% 39% 5% 1% 218
Ahmedabad 31% 26% 23% 37% 44% 12% 1% 218
Nagpur 44% 32% 33% 62% 61% 50% 7% 218
Mumbai 28% 21% 22% 53% 45% 18% 1% 218
Kolkata 46% 27% 5% 5% 10% 28% 13% 218
Patna 6% 7% 3% 47% 67% 8% 0% 218
Bhubaneswar 26% 31% 24% 29% 30% 6% 6% 218
Guwahati 16% 59% 43% 40% 27% 17% 3% 218
National level 37% 32% 25% 38% 35% 16% 2% 5014
108
Table 25 Awareness about redressal mechanisms
Maintenance
and Welfare of
Parents and
City Name Senior Citizens Tribunal
Act Under the Police
2007(MWPSC MWPSC Help HelpAge India’s Not Others
Act) Act Line Help Line aware (Specify) Total
Delhi 11% 4% 60% 8% 37% 0% 218
Faridabad 10% 1% 35% 8% 59% 0% 218
Dehradun 19% 1% 32% 7% 57% 0% 218
Kanpur 8% 0% 32% 6% 63% 0% 218
Jaipur 11% 1% 32% 5% 60% 0% 218
Chandigarh 8% 1% 18% 1% 75% 0% 218
Amritsar 9% 0% 57% 11% 42% 0% 218
Jammu 9% 0% 58% 1% 38% 0% 218
Bengaluru 10% 0% 21% 9% 68% 0% 218
Mangalore 9% 1% 24% 0% 67% 0% 218
Hyderabad 3% 0% 6% 0% 92% 0% 218
Vizag 18% 6% 28% 2% 67% 0% 218
Kochi 17% 6% 58% 5% 33% 0% 218
Chennai 14% 5% 17% 9% 69% 0% 218
Madurai 9% 0% 37% 1% 57% 0% 218
Bhopal 14% 1% 50% 8% 41% 0% 218
Ahmedabad 12% 3% 48% 9% 47% 0% 218
Nagpur 15% 5% 22% 4% 70% 0% 218
Mumbai 10% 1% 48% 4% 48% 0% 218
Kolkata 6% 1% 23% 4% 73% 0% 218
Patna 7% 1% 21% 3% 72% 0% 218
Bhubaneswar 14% 1% 29% 5% 62% 0% 218
Guwahati 20% 6% 42% 10% 50% 0% 218
National level 11% 2% 35% 5% 59% 0% 5014
109
Table 26 Sources of awareness about redressal mechanisms
Neighbour
Newspape
Television
Any other
Friends /
(poster /
(Specify)
material
HelpAge
banner
Others
Family
Radio
/etc.)
Total
NGO
NGO
IEC
City Name
r
Delhi 86% 3% 36% 1% 33% 68% 2% 0% 0% 137
Faridabad 54% 4% 33% 4% 19% 21% 0% 0% 2% 90
Dehradun 51% 15% 31% 3% 72% 73% 3% 0% 3% 94
Kanpur 77% 5% 35% 4% 9% 36% 0% 0% 0% 81
Jaipur 41% 15% 39% 9% 49% 47% 3% 1% 1% 88
Chandigarh 35% 6% 15% 4% 26% 46% 4% 0% 0% 54
Amritsar 37% 0% 44% 2% 22% 65% 2% 1% 3% 127
Jammu 64% 7% 22% 0% 14% 20% 1% 0% 1% 135
Bengaluru 71% 21% 43% 3% 23% 49% 3% 0% 0% 70
Mangalore 68% 1% 47% 3% 4% 5% 0% 0% 1% 73
Hyderabad 61% 0% 44% 6% 44% 44% 6% 0% 0% 18
Vizag 58% 3% 10% 0% 18% 28% 1% 0% 3% 72
Kochi 88% 41% 66% 6% 12% 19% 2% 1% 1% 145
Chennai 66% 4% 32% 0% 13% 40% 1% 0% 0% 68
Madurai 32% 0% 33% 0% 12% 65% 1% 0% 0% 93
Bhopal 68% 34% 69% 37% 41% 46% 1% 1% 1% 128
Ahmedabad 41% 4% 31% 2% 63% 64% 2% 0% 0% 115
Nagpur 49% 5% 48% 2% 37% 66% 2% 0% 3% 65
Mumbai 68% 6% 33% 2% 14% 33% 1% 1% 0% 113
Kolkata 43% 0% 29% 0% 17% 40% 0% 0% 3% 58
Patna 50% 13% 42% 2% 12% 38% 0% 0% 0% 60
Bhubaneswar 38% 2% 30% 2% 9% 48% 2% 1% 0% 82
Guwahati 75% 3% 48% 5% 17% 48% 5% 0% 1% 109
National level 59% 10% 39% 5% 25% 44% 2% 0% 1% 2075
110
Table 27 Availed benefits under MWPSC act
City Name Not availed Yes availed Total

Delhi 96% 4% 25
Faridabad 95% 5% 21
Dehradun 98% 2% 41
Kanpur 94% 6% 18
Jaipur 96% 4% 23
Amritsar 95% 5% 20
Jammu 90% 10% 20
Mangalore 95% 5% 20
Hyderabad 83% 17% 6
Vizag 95% 5% 40
Kochi 92% 8% 37
Chennai 93% 7% 30
Madurai 95% 5% 20
Bhopal 90% 10% 31
Ahmedabad 96% 4% 26
Nagpur 97% 3% 32
Mumbai 95% 5% 21
Kolkata 92% 8% 12
Patna 93% 7% 15
Guwahati 98% 2% 43
111
Table 28 Faced challenges while availing benefits
Don’t know /
City Name No Yes Total
Can’t say
Delhi 100% 0% 0% 1
Faridabad 100% 0% 0% 1
Dehradun 100% 0% 0% 1
Kanpur 0% 100% 0% 1
Jaipur 0% 100% 0% 1
Chandigarh 67% 0% 33% 3
Amritsar 0% 100% 0% 1
Jammu 50% 50% 0% 2
Bengaluru 0% 100% 0% 2
Mangalore 100% 0% 0% 1
Hyderabad 0% 100% 0% 1
Vizag 0% 100% 0% 2
Kochi 67% 33% 0% 3
Chennai 0% 100% 0% 2
Madurai 100% 0% 0% 1
Bhopal 100% 0% 0% 3
Ahmedabad 0% 100% 0% 1
Nagpur 0% 100% 0% 1
Mumbai 100% 0% 0% 1
Kolkata 100% 0% 0% 1
Patna 100% 0% 0% 1
Bhubaneswar 100% 0% 0% 1
Guwahati 100% 0% 0% 1
National level 55% 42% 3% 33
112
Table 29 Challenges faced while availing benefits under MWPSC act
The Long Lack of

procedure Behavioural waiting resources
City Name was complex, issues and time for to fight Don’t
tedious and disrespect redressal of Threat from case in Know /
iterative with elders issue family member court Can’t Say Total
Delhi 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Faridabad 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Dehradun 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Kanpur 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 1
Jaipur 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 1
Chandigarh 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Amritsar 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 0% 1
Jammu 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 1
Bengaluru 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 2
Mangalore 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Hyderabad 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 0% 1
Vizag 50% 50% 0% 50% 0% 50% 2
Kochi 100% 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 1
Chennai 0% 50% 50% 0% 50% 50% 2
Madurai 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Bhopal 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Ahmedabad 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 0% 1
Nagpur 100% 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 1
Mumbai 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Kolkata 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Patna 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Bhubaneswar 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Guwahati 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
National level 21% 50% 29% 36% 29% 36% 14
113
Table 30 Satisfaction with the resolution provided under MWPSC act
Got Got
Got resolution resolution resolution
City Name
and fully but partially but Did not get Don’t know
satisfied satisfied dissatisfied resolution / can’t say Total
Delhi 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 1
Faridabad 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Dehradun 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Kanpur 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 1
Jaipur 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 1
Chandigarh 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 3
Amritsar 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 1
Jammu 0% 0% 50% 50% 0% 2
Bengaluru 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 2
Mangalore 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 1
Hyderabad 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 1
Vizag 0% 0% 50% 0% 50% 2
Kochi 0% 0% 33% 0% 67% 3
Chennai 0% 50% 0% 0% 50% 2
Madurai 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Bhopal 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 3
Ahmedabad 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 1
Nagpur 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 1
Mumbai 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 1
Kolkata 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 1
Patna 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Bhubaneswar 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Guwahati 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 1
National level 15% 30% 18% 6% 30% 33
114
Table 31 Reasons for dissatisfaction
Did not
receive It was a
Had financial
Decision was Compensation benefits as comprise Don’t
losses
City Name not in my amount was per between know / Total
throughout
favour not adequate provisions me and can’t say
the process
under my family
MWPSC act
Delhi 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 1
Faridabad 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Dehradun 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Kanpur 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Jaipur 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Chandigarh 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Amritsar 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 1
Jammu 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Bengaluru 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Mangalore 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 1
Hyderabad 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 1
Vizag 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Kochi 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Chennai 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 1
Madurai 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Bhopal 0% 0% 33% 67% 0% 0% 3
Ahmedabad 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 1
Nagpur 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Mumbai 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 1
Kolkata 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Patna 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Bhubaneswar 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Guwahati 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 1
National
13% 19% 6% 25% 31% 6% 16
level
115
Table 32 Elder knows about someone who have availed benefits under MWPSC act
City Name Do not know Yes I know Total

Delhi 96% 4% 25
Faridabad 95% 5% 21
Dehradun 95% 5% 41
Kanpur 89% 11% 18
Jaipur 87% 13% 23
Amritsar 90% 10% 20
Jammu 95% 5% 20
Hyderabad 83% 17% 6
Vizag 93% 8% 40
Kochi 95% 5% 37
Chennai 97% 3% 30
Madurai 95% 5% 20
Bhopal 90% 10% 31
Ahmedabad 96% 4% 26
Nagpur 91% 9% 32
Mumbai 90% 10% 21
Kolkata 83% 17% 12
Patna 87% 13% 15
Guwahati 95% 5% 43
116
Table 33 Other person faced challenged while availing benefits under MWPSC act
City Name No Yes Don’t know / Can’t say Total

Delhi 100% 0% 0% 1
Faridabad 100% 0% 0% 1
Dehradun 50% 50% 0% 2
Kanpur 0% 100% 0% 2
Jaipur 33% 33% 33% 3
Amritsar 100% 0% 0% 2
Jammu 0% 100% 0% 1
Bengaluru 0% 50% 50% 2
Mangalore 0% 50% 50% 2
Hyderabad 0% 100% 0% 1
Vizag 0% 33% 67% 3
Kochi 50% 50% 0% 2
Chennai 0% 0% 100% 1
Madurai 0% 100% 0% 1
Bhopal 100% 0% 0% 3
Ahmedabad 100% 0% 0% 1
Nagpur 0% 67% 33% 3
Mumbai 0% 50% 50% 2
Kolkata 0% 50% 50% 2
Patna 0% 100% 0% 2
Guwahati 100% 0% 0% 2
117
Table 34 Challenges faced by other person while availing benefits under MWPSC act
The
procedure
Lack of was Lack of
City Name infrastructure complex, Lack of Behavioural Threat resources Don’t
/ resources tedious knowledge issues and from to fight Know /
from and of service disrespect family case in Can’t
government iterative providers with elders member court Say Total
Delhi 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Faridabad 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Dehradun 100% 0% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0% 1
Kanpur 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 2
Jaipur 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100% 0% 1
Chandigarh 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 1
Amritsar 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Jammu 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 1
Bengaluru 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 1
Mangalore 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Hyderabad 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Vizag 0% 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 1
Kochi 0% 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 1
Chennai 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Madurai 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Bhopal 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Ahmedabad 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Nagpur 0% 0% 0% 0% 50% 50% 50% 2
Mumbai 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 1
Kolkata 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 1
Patna 50% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 50% 2
Bhubaneswar 0% 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 1
Guwahati 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
National
21% 16% 5% 21% 11% 16% 47% 19
level
118
Table 35 Satisfaction with the resolution provided under MWPSC act
Got Got
Got resolution resolution resolution
City Name
and fully but partially but Did not get Don’t know
satisfied satisfied dissatisfied resolution / can’t say Total
Delhi 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 1
Faridabad 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Dehradun 50% 0% 0% 0% 50% 2
Kanpur 0% 50% 0% 0% 50% 2
Jaipur 0% 33% 0% 0% 67% 3
Chandigarh 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 3
Amritsar 50% 0% 0% 0% 50% 2
Jammu 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 1
Bengaluru 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 2
Mangalore 50% 50% 0% 0% 0% 2
Hyderabad 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Vizag 67% 0% 33% 0% 0% 3
Kochi 50% 0% 50% 0% 0% 2
Chennai 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 1
Madurai 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Bhopal 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 3
Ahmedabad 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 1
Nagpur 33% 67% 0% 0% 0% 3
Mumbai 0% 50% 0% 0% 50% 2
Kolkata 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 2
Patna 50% 50% 0% 0% 0% 2
Bhubaneswar 33% 0% 33% 0% 33% 3
Guwahati 0% 0% 0% 50% 50% 2
National level 27% 22% 11% 2% 38% 45
119
Table 36 Reasons for dissatisfaction
It was a
compromise
between
him and
his/her
City Name family but
Decision current
was not in behaviour of Had financial Don’t
favour of Compensation his/her losses Did not get know /
that amount was family is not throughout adequate can’t
person not adequate appropriate the process compensation say Total
Delhi 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 1
Faridabad 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Dehradun 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Kanpur 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 1
Jaipur 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 1
Chandigarh 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Amritsar 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Jammu 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Bengaluru 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Mangalore 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 1
Hyderabad 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Vizag 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 1
Kochi 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 1
Chennai 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Madurai 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Bhopal 67% 0% 33% 0% 0% 0% 3
Ahmedabad 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1
Nagpur 0% 0% 0% 0% 50% 50% 2
Mumbai 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 1
Kolkata 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
Patna 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 1
Bhubaneswar 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 1
Guwahati 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0
National
13% 7% 27% 7% 13% 33% 15
level
120
Table 37 Knowledge about availing benefits under MWPSC act

Delhi 83% 17% 24
Faridabad 95% 5% 20
Dehradun 98% 3% 40
Kanpur 82% 18% 17
Jaipur 91% 9% 22
Amritsar 89% 11% 19
Jammu 89% 11% 18
Hyderabad 60% 40% 5
Vizag 95% 5% 38
Kochi 94% 6% 34
Chennai 82% 18% 28
Madurai 95% 5% 19
Bhopal 82% 18% 28
Ahmedabad 96% 4% 25
Nagpur 84% 16% 31
Mumbai 80% 20% 20
Kolkata 82% 18% 11
Patna 86% 14% 14
Guwahati 95% 5% 42
121
Table 38 Accessibility to avail benefits under MWPSC act
City Name Very easy Easy Difficult Very difficult Don’t know Total
Delhi 13% 21% 21% 8% 38% 24
Faridabad 20% 20% 10% 10% 40% 20
Dehradun 15% 15% 28% 30% 13% 40
Kanpur 18% 41% 6% 6% 29% 17
Jaipur 9% 32% 14% 14% 32% 22
Chandigarh 33% 13% 20% 7% 27% 15
Amritsar 26% 16% 26% 5% 26% 19
Jammu 6% 28% 0% 6% 61% 18
Bengaluru 11% 37% 11% 21% 21% 19
Mangalore 47% 21% 16% 0% 16% 19
Hyderabad 20% 20% 20% 0% 40% 5
Vizag 26% 47% 3% 0% 24% 38
Kochi 32% 15% 26% 12% 15% 34
Chennai 7% 21% 7% 18% 46% 28
Madurai 5% 16% 16% 21% 42% 19
Bhopal 36% 14% 21% 0% 29% 28
Ahmedabad 4% 20% 32% 4% 40% 25
Nagpur 3% 13% 19% 10% 55% 31
Mumbai 0% 50% 15% 10% 25% 20
Kolkata 9% 18% 9% 45% 18% 11
Patna 7% 21% 14% 0% 57% 14
Bhubaneswar 17% 33% 10% 7% 33% 30
Guwahati 10% 33% 33% 5% 19% 42
National level 16% 25% 17% 10% 31% 538
122
Table 39 Affordability to avail benefits under MWPSC act
Somewhat
City Name
Affordable Expensive Expensive Don’t Know Total
Delhi 24% 20% 8% 48% 25
Faridabad 43% 5% 5% 48% 21
Dehradun 34% 20% 34% 12% 41
Kanpur 33% 17% 17% 33% 18
Jaipur 17% 13% 9% 61% 23
Chandigarh 56% 6% 6% 33% 18
Amritsar 50% 5% 10% 35% 20
Jammu 10% 20% 10% 60% 20
Bengaluru 29% 14% 10% 48% 21
Mangalore 35% 35% 20% 10% 20
Hyderabad 17% 33% 33% 17% 6
Vizag 80% 0% 8% 13% 40
Kochi 41% 24% 16% 19% 37
Chennai 10% 0% 20% 70% 30
Madurai 40% 5% 5% 50% 20
Bhopal 58% 6% 6% 29% 31
Ahmedabad 31% 15% 8% 46% 26
Nagpur 28% 6% 9% 56% 32
Mumbai 43% 14% 10% 33% 21
Kolkata 33% 8% 17% 42% 12
Patna 13% 27% 13% 47% 15
Bhubaneswar 19% 19% 10% 52% 31
Guwahati 19% 33% 12% 37% 43
National level 35% 15% 13% 38% 571
123
Table 40 MWPSC act benefitted elder
City Name Yes, directly Yes, indirectly No benefit Total

Delhi 40% 12% 48% 25
Faridabad 43% 10% 48% 21
Dehradun 27% 56% 17% 41
Kanpur 39% 44% 17% 18
Jaipur 39% 17% 43% 23
Amritsar 50% 15% 35% 20
Jammu 25% 10% 65% 20
Bengaluru 29% 29% 43% 21
Mangalore 35% 50% 15% 20
Hyderabad 17% 50% 33% 6
Vizag 78% 8% 15% 40
Kochi 49% 30% 22% 37
Chennai 23% 17% 60% 30
Madurai 30% 10% 60% 20
Bhopal 58% 16% 26% 31
Ahmedabad 27% 35% 38% 26
Nagpur 19% 9% 72% 32
Mumbai 52% 19% 29% 21
Kolkata 17% 8% 75% 12
Patna 20% 33% 47% 15
Guwahati 23% 40% 37% 43
124
Table 41 MWPSC act provides social protection and meant for welfare?

Delhi 52% 48% 25
Faridabad 71% 29% 21
Dehradun 73% 27% 41
Kanpur 50% 50% 18
Jaipur 74% 26% 23
Amritsar 55% 45% 20
Jammu 45% 55% 20
Hyderabad 83% 17% 6
Vizag 85% 15% 40
Kochi 76% 24% 37
Chennai 50% 50% 30
Madurai 75% 25% 20
Bhopal 65% 35% 31
Nagpur 63% 38% 32
Mumbai 48% 52% 21
Kolkata 42% 58% 12
Patna 33% 67% 15
Guwahati 49% 51% 43
125
Table 42 Used internet services in past
Using from past

City Name Total
No Yes _____years
Delhi 94% 6% 218 6
Faridabad 98% 2% 218 2
Dehradun 97% 3% 218 6
Kanpur 98% 2% 218 0
Jaipur 98% 2% 218 5
Chandigarh 94% 6% 218 3
Amritsar 94% 6% 218 3
Jammu 99% 1% 218 10
Bengaluru 97% 3% 218 5
Mangalore 96% 4% 218 4
Hyderabad 96% 4% 218 4
Vizag 97% 3% 218 1
Kochi 94% 6% 218 2
Chennai 98% 2% 218 1
Madurai 95% 5% 218 1
Bhopal 97% 3% 218 2
Ahmedabad 98% 2% 218 5
Nagpur 96% 4% 218 3
Mumbai 95% 5% 218 3
Kolkata 94% 6% 218 2
Patna 98% 2% 218 2
Bhubaneswar 95% 5% 218 3
Guwahati 95% 5% 218 4
National level 96% 4% 5014 3
126
Table 43 Ways of accessing internet
Through desktop / Through mobile Through Other

City Name
laptop phone tablet (Specify) Total
Delhi 0% 100% 0% 0% 12
Faridabad 20% 80% 0% 0% 5
Dehradun 0% 100% 0% 0% 7
Kanpur 0% 40% 0% 60% 5
Jaipur 0% 80% 20% 0% 5
Chandigarh 0% 100% 0% 0% 12
Amritsar 0% 93% 0% 7% 14
Jammu 33% 67% 0% 0% 3
Bengaluru 0% 71% 0% 29% 7
Mangalore 13% 88% 0% 0% 8
Hyderabad 0% 89% 11% 0% 9
Vizag 0% 100% 0% 0% 6
Kochi 36% 57% 0% 7% 14
Chennai 0% 100% 0% 0% 5
Madurai 9% 91% 0% 0% 11
Bhopal 0% 71% 0% 29% 7
Ahmedabad 20% 80% 0% 0% 5
Nagpur 0% 100% 0% 0% 9
Mumbai 10% 80% 10% 0% 10
Kolkata 0% 100% 0% 0% 12
Patna 0% 100% 0% 0% 5
Bhubaneswar 10% 90% 0% 0% 10
Guwahati 20% 80% 0% 0% 10
National level 7% 86% 2% 5% 191
127
Table 44 Frequency of accessing internet
At least
City Name Frequently in a once in a Once in a
day Once in a day week month Rarely Total
Delhi 42% 33% 0% 0% 25% 12
Faridabad 20% 40% 20% 0% 20% 5
Dehradun 86% 0% 14% 0% 0% 7
Kanpur 0% 0% 40% 0% 60% 5
Jaipur 20% 60% 0% 20% 0% 5
Chandigarh 67% 0% 8% 0% 25% 12
Amritsar 43% 36% 14% 0% 7% 14
Jammu 67% 33% 0% 0% 0% 3
Bengaluru 14% 57% 0% 0% 29% 7
Mangalore 88% 13% 0% 0% 0% 8
Hyderabad 56% 33% 0% 11% 0% 9
Vizag 0% 17% 50% 0% 33% 6
Kochi 29% 29% 29% 7% 7% 14
Chennai 20% 0% 20% 40% 20% 5
Madurai 27% 9% 36% 18% 9% 11
Bhopal 43% 0% 14% 0% 43% 7
Ahmedabad 80% 20% 0% 0% 0% 5
Nagpur 22% 44% 22% 0% 11% 9
Mumbai 60% 30% 10% 0% 0% 10
Kolkata 17% 33% 25% 0% 25% 12
Patna 60% 0% 20% 0% 20% 5
Bhubaneswar 30% 50% 0% 10% 10% 10
Guwahati 10% 60% 10% 20% 0% 10
National level 39% 27% 15% 5% 14% 191
128
Table 45 Purpose of accessing internet
Social
media Chatting
(like (like To
City Name
To Facebook, WhatsApp, read For For For
Work Internet check Other Educational Twitter Viber, news entertainment To access online job/work
related banking emails (specify) related etc.) BBM etc.) online purpose websites shopping search Total
Delhi 33% 8% 8% 0% 8% 75% 50% 75% 92% 17% 17% 0% 12
Faridabad 20% 0% 0% 0% 20% 0% 0% 60% 0% 20% 0% 0% 5
Dehradun 29% 14% 29% 0% 29% 29% 29% 0% 14% 0% 0% 0% 7
Kanpur 0% 0% 0% 20% 20% 20% 20% 0% 40% 0% 0% 0% 5
Jaipur 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% 20% 40% 20% 40% 0% 0% 0% 5
Chandigarh 33% 8% 17% 0% 25% 42% 25% 25% 58% 25% 8% 0% 12
Amritsar 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 43% 64% 29% 50% 0% 0% 0% 14
Jammu 0% 0% 0% 33% 33% 33% 0% 67% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3
Bengaluru 14% 14% 0% 29% 0% 43% 57% 14% 43% 0% 0% 0% 7
Mangalore 50% 0% 0% 0% 13% 25% 0% 13% 13% 0% 0% 0% 8
Hyderabad 11% 0% 0% 0% 0% 67% 56% 44% 44% 11% 0% 0% 9
Vizag 17% 0% 0% 0% 33% 0% 17% 33% 33% 0% 0% 0% 6
Kochi 71% 14% 36% 7% 21% 50% 36% 64% 36% 21% 14% 21% 14
Chennai 20% 0% 20% 0% 20% 40% 40% 0% 0% 20% 0% 0% 5
Madurai 9% 0% 0% 0% 36% 36% 55% 18% 27% 0% 0% 0% 11
Bhopal 29% 0% 0% 29% 14% 29% 14% 43% 29% 0% 0% 0% 7
Ahmedabad 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 40% 40% 20% 20% 20% 0% 0% 5
Nagpur 22% 0% 0% 0% 11% 33% 44% 33% 33% 11% 11% 11% 9
Mumbai 10% 10% 0% 0% 10% 70% 50% 30% 40% 10% 20% 10% 10
Kolkata 17% 0% 0% 0% 0% 42% 42% 42% 50% 8% 0% 0% 12
Patna 20% 0% 0% 20% 60% 20% 20% 20% 40% 0% 0% 0% 5
Bhubaneswar 40% 10% 10% 0% 40% 50% 30% 30% 30% 10% 20% 10% 10
Guwahati 10% 10% 0% 0% 30% 70% 10% 20% 40% 0% 10% 0% 10
National 25% 5% 7% 5% 18% 42% 36% 32% 38% 8% 6% 3% 191
level
129
Table 46 Platform used to access social media
Do not
use
City Name
social
Facebook Twitter Instagram WhatsApp YouTube Google Plus Linked In media Others (Specify) Total
Delhi 75% 25% 42% 67% 83% 75% 0% 0% 0% 12
Faridabad 20% 0% 0% 60% 0% 0% 20% 40% 20% 5
Dehradun 43% 0% 0% 57% 71% 29% 0% 0% 0% 7
Kanpur 40% 0% 0% 40% 0% 0% 0% 60% 0% 5
Jaipur 80% 20% 0% 40% 0% 20% 0% 0% 0% 5
Chandigarh 75% 8% 8% 42% 50% 8% 0% 0% 0% 12
Amritsar 50% 0% 7% 79% 50% 36% 0% 7% 0% 14
Jammu 67% 0% 0% 67% 67% 100% 0% 0% 0% 3
Bengaluru 71% 0% 14% 57% 57% 71% 0% 29% 0% 7
Mangalore 88% 25% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 8
Hyderabad 56% 11% 11% 67% 44% 56% 0% 11% 0% 9
Vizag 0% 0% 0% 17% 83% 17% 0% 0% 0% 6
Kochi 71% 7% 14% 64% 21% 43% 0% 7% 0% 14
Chennai 100% 40% 20% 80% 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5
Madurai 64% 0% 0% 45% 9% 18% 0% 9% 0% 11
Bhopal 29% 14% 14% 43% 29% 57% 0% 0% 29% 7
Ahmedabad 60% 0% 0% 80% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5
Nagpur 78% 0% 11% 78% 44% 44% 0% 0% 0% 9
Mumbai 50% 0% 0% 70% 50% 20% 10% 0% 0% 10
Kolkata 50% 0% 8% 50% 67% 25% 0% 8% 0% 12
Patna 60% 0% 0% 80% 60% 0% 0% 20% 0% 5
Bhubaneswar 80% 30% 10% 50% 40% 40% 0% 0% 0% 10
Guwahati 70% 10% 0% 50% 10% 60% 0% 0% 0% 10
National level 61% 8% 8% 56% 40% 33% 1% 7% 2% 191
130
Table 47 Purpose to access social media
As family
members are too To
City Name busy to socially connect To join groups
connect myself with To connect To meet new For leisure To learn new which suits my Others
with others family with friends people purpose things interest (Specify) Total
Delhi 42% 92% 67% 75% 17% 75% 8% 0% 12
Faridabad 0% 67% 33% 0% 0% 33% 0% 0% 3
Dehradun 57% 43% 14% 0% 14% 29% 0% 0% 7
Kanpur 50% 50% 100% 50% 0% 0% 50% 0% 2
Jaipur 40% 60% 40% 20% 0% 20% 0% 0% 5
Chandigarh 58% 42% 58% 42% 17% 33% 0% 0% 12
Amritsar 31% 62% 85% 8% 0% 46% 0% 0% 13
Jammu 0% 33% 33% 0% 0% 67% 0% 0% 3
Bengaluru 0% 80% 100% 60% 40% 60% 0% 0% 5
Mangalore 75% 25% 13% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 8
Hyderabad 25% 88% 63% 25% 0% 50% 13% 0% 8
Vizag 33% 17% 17% 17% 33% 17% 0% 0% 6
Kochi 31% 54% 69% 15% 23% 38% 8% 0% 13
Chennai 20% 60% 40% 20% 0% 20% 0% 0% 5
Madurai 20% 50% 40% 50% 10% 20% 10% 0% 10
Bhopal 29% 43% 57% 29% 0% 29% 0% 29% 7
Ahmedabad 0% 80% 80% 60% 20% 0% 0% 0% 5
Nagpur 22% 33% 44% 22% 22% 44% 11% 0% 9
Mumbai 20% 60% 30% 30% 10% 30% 0% 0% 10
Kolkata 55% 36% 36% 36% 27% 18% 0% 0% 11
Patna 25% 75% 75% 25% 25% 50% 0% 0% 4
Bhubaneswar 40% 40% 40% 30% 20% 50% 0% 0% 10
Guwahati 20% 20% 40% 20% 10% 50% 0% 0% 10
National level 33% 52% 51% 29% 13% 36% 3% 1% 178
131
Table 48 Elders agreed with the statement on social media
City Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total

Delhi 75% 100% 92% 92% 92% 83% 83% 92% 92% 100% 83% 92% 92% 92% 83% 12
Faridabad 33% 33% 0% 67% 0% 33% 67% 33% 67% 33% 67% 67% 33% 67% 67% 3
Dehradun 43% 71% 57% 71% 57% 43% 57% 86% 57% 71% 43% 29% 43% 43% 43% 7
Kanpur 100% 50% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 50% 100% 50% 100% 100% 2
Jaipur 80% 40% 80% 60% 80% 40% 40% 80% 40% 60% 40% 40% 40% 20% 40% 5
Chandigarh 75% 75% 100% 92% 100% 92% 92% 92% 100% 83% 92% 92% 92% 83% 92% 12
Amritsar 69% 85% 69% 92% 77% 62% 69% 62% 85% 92% 77% 85% 85% 69% 77% 13
Jammu 67% 67% 33% 67% 33% 33% 67% 67% 67% 100% 67% 67% 67% 0% 33% 3
Bengaluru 100% 100% 80% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 80% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100% 100% 5
Mangalore 100% 88% 100% 100% 100% 100% 88% 88% 100% 88% 75% 88% 88% 100% 88% 8
Hyderabad 63% 63% 75% 75% 75% 63% 75% 63% 50% 88% 63% 63% 75% 50% 75% 8
Vizag 17% 33% 33% 33% 67% 17% 33% 67% 67% 17% 33% 50% 17% 17% 33% 6
Kochi 62% 62% 92% 69% 69% 77% 69% 85% 85% 77% 77% 92% 77% 77% 77% 13
Chennai 60% 80% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60% 40% 60% 60% 5
Madurai 60% 60% 80% 90% 80% 60% 70% 60% 80% 70% 50% 60% 50% 80% 70% 10
Bhopal 71% 71% 71% 57% 71% 57% 57% 86% 86% 71% 57% 71% 57% 57% 57% 7
Ahmedabad 100% 100% 100% 100% 60% 100% 80% 80% 80% 100% 100% 80% 80% 100% 100% 5
Nagpur 89% 67% 56% 56% 78% 44% 44% 78% 78% 56% 78% 89% 78% 56% 67% 9
Mumbai 50% 80% 80% 70% 80% 70% 80% 90% 80% 80% 80% 70% 60% 60% 60% 10
Kolkata 82% 73% 64% 73% 73% 64% 73% 82% 73% 73% 73% 82% 73% 55% 55% 11
Patna 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 100% 75% 100% 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 100% 4
Bhubaneswar 70% 80% 70% 60% 80% 40% 60% 50% 70% 80% 70% 80% 60% 70% 80% 10
Guwahati 70% 40% 50% 50% 50% 0% 50% 80% 60% 30% 50% 10% 30% 30% 50% 10
National level 70% 71% 74% 75% 75% 62% 70% 77% 78% 74% 69% 72% 67% 65% 70% 178
132
Statement on impact of social media:
1. Social media have reduced my sleeping time

2. People in my age group are aware of pros and cons associated with using social media
3. Social media have improved my knowledge on health issues
4. Social media provided me a platform to share my problems with others
5. I do not hesitate to share my problems with other on social media
6. Social media have increased economic loss through blackmailing / ransom calls/ spam calls
to the people in my age group
7. Sharing pictures/ tagging geo location and places check-in on social media have increased
security threats to the people in my age group
8. Social media have decreased my personal time spent with family
9. Social media have decreased my family’s personal time spent with me
10. Social media have benefitted my social learning skills
11. Social media have increased my relationships with extended family members / relatives
12. Social media have made my communication easier
13. Social media made me understand the younger generation better
14. Social media have helped in reducing harassment against elders
15. Overall social media benefitted me and people in my age group
133
Table 49 Elders agreed with the statements on mobile
Quality time Quality time

Your
Your adult spent by your spent by your
grand-
children adult children grandchildren
children Extreme
are too with you has with you has
are too attention given
busy on the decreased decreased
City Name busy on to Phones/ Total
phone even with the with the
the phone Computers is
when at increase in increase in
even when disrespectful
home with usage of usage of
at home
you Phone/ Phone/
with you
Computers Computers
Delhi 88% 79% 81% 79% 72% 218
Faridabad 65% 61% 61% 59% 57% 218
Dehradun 47% 42% 31% 27% 42% 218
Kanpur 87% 79% 86% 78% 74% 218
Jaipur 74% 57% 64% 49% 56% 218
Chandigarh 45% 39% 38% 42% 39% 218
Amritsar 93% 67% 75% 76% 78% 218
Jammu 87% 56% 55% 45% 55% 218
Bengaluru 96% 92% 94% 94% 96% 218
Mangalore 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 218
Hyderabad 79% 81% 78% 78% 81% 218
Vizag 28% 26% 17% 22% 27% 218
Kochi 79% 68% 62% 59% 64% 218
Chennai 68% 72% 61% 62% 67% 218
Madurai 53% 55% 50% 51% 61% 218
Bhopal 92% 83% 73% 72% 71% 218
Ahmedabad 74% 69% 70% 66% 67% 218
Nagpur 50% 52% 48% 55% 68% 218
Mumbai 72% 56% 59% 55% 58% 218
Kolkata 71% 59% 69% 60% 54% 218
Patna 85% 81% 83% 80% 73% 218
Bhubaneswar 74% 78% 70% 60% 86% 218
Guwahati 73% 54% 50% 50% 50% 218
National level 73% 65% 64% 62% 65% 5014
134

Elder Abuse in India 2018 A Helpage India Report

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Elder Abuse in India 2018 A Helpage India Report

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ELDER ABUSE IN INDIA – 2018

Changing Cultural Ethos & Impact of Technology

A HelpAge India Report - 2018

 5014 elders were approached across 23 cities for interview.

2 Profile of Elders ...................................................................................................... 13

3 Perception about Elder Abuse .............................................................................. 25

4 Personal Experience on Elder Abuse ................................................................... 33

5 Redressal Mechanisms ........................................................................................... 54

6 Impact of technology and social media .............................................................. 59

List of Figures .............................................................................................................. 65

Study conducted by Ipsos Research Private Limited

20% of its total population aged 60

Figure 1. 1 Why Elder Abuse is concerning?

According to estimates, This research is

1.2 Need for the Study

1.3 Objective of study

1.4 Target group

1.5 Key areas of inquiries

The research inquires included series of indicators such as:

 Identify symptoms of Elder Abuse

1.6 Research design

Figure 1. 2 Research design – Key components

Dissemination of evaluation Findings

The following steps were used:

Table 1. 1 Summary of Sample Coverage

States / UTs Cities Tier Quantitative In-depth interviews

Karnataka Bengaluru Tier - 1 218 10

Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad Tier - 1 218 10

Tamil Nadu Chennai Tier - 1 218 10

Maharashtra Mumbai Tier - 1 218 10

West Bengal Kolkata Tier - 1 218 10

Haryana Faridabad Tier - 2 218 10

Uttarakhand Dehradun Tier - 2 218 10

Uttar Pradesh Kanpur Tier - 2 218 10

Rajasthan Jaipur Tier - 2 218 10

Chandigarh Chandigarh Tier - 2 218 10

Punjab Amritsar Tier - 2 218 10

J&K Jammu Tier - 2 218 10

Karnataka Mangalore Tier - 2 218 10

Andhra Pradesh Vishakhapatnam Tier - 2 218 10

Kerala Kochi Tier - 2 218 10

Tamil Nadu Madurai Tier - 2 218 10

Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Tier - 2 218 10

Gujarat Ahmedabad Tier - 2 218 10

Maharashtra Nagpur Tier - 2 218 10

Bihar Patna Tier - 2 218 10

Odisha Bhubaneswar Tier - 2 218 10

Assam Guwahati Tier - 2 218 10

Total 5014 230

2.1 Age distribution

The mean age of the elderly was 67 years

Figure 2. 1 Age distribution of elders – National Level

Total Male Female

71% 69% 73%

N=5014 N=2495 N=2519

Figure 2. 2 Age distribution of elderly – City Level

N=218 per city

Young-old (60-69 years) Old-old (70-79 years) Oldest-old (80+ years)