Lovol Phaser Series
Lovol Phaser Series
Lovol Phaser Series
Engine Views……...………………………………………………..2
Preventive maintenance……………………………………………4
Engine fluids………………………………………………………5
Fault diagnosis…………..………………………………………….6
Engine preservation…………………………………………………7
General information…….…………………………………………9
Turbocharger…………………………………………………………11
Hydraulic pump……………………………………………………12
Safety precautions...........................................................................1.04
Engine identification.......................................................................1.05
1.01
1.02
The left and right sides of the engine are as seen from
the fly wheel.
1.03
Only use these engines in the type of application for which they have been designed.
Do not change the specification of the engine.
Do not smoke when you put fuel in the tank.
Clean away fuel which has been spilt. Material which has been contaminated by fuel must be moved to a safe
place.
Do not put fuel in the tank while the engine funs (unless it is absolutely necessary).
Do not clean, add lubricating oil, or adjust the engine white it runs (unless you have had the correct training;
even then extreme caution must be used to prevent injury).
Do not make adjustments that you do not understand.
Ensure that the engine does not run in a location where it can cause a concentration of toxic emissions.
Other persons must be kept at a safe distance while the engine or equipment is in operation.
Do not permit loose clothing or long hair near moving parts.
Keep away from moving parts during engine operation. Attention: Some parts cannot be seen clearly while
the engine runs.
Do not operate the engine if a safety guard has been removed.
Do not remove the filler cap of the cooling system while the engine is hot and while the coolant is under
pressure, because dangerous hot coolant can be discharged.
Do not allow sparks or fire near the batteries (especially when the batteries are on charge) because the gases
from the electrolyte are highly flammable. The battery fluid is dangerous to the skin and especially to the
eyes.
Disconnect the battery terminals before a repair is made to the electrical system.
Only one person must control the engine.
Ensure that the engine is operated only from the control panel or from the operator's position.
If your skin comes into contact with high-pressure fuel, obtain medical assistance immediately.
Diesel fuel and lubricating oil (especially used lubricating oil) can damage the skin of certain persons.
Protect your hands with gloves or a special solution to protect the skin.
Do not wear clothing which is contaminated by lubricating oil. Do not put material which is contaminated
with oil into the pockets.
Discard used lubricating oil in a safe place to prevent contamination.
Ensure that the control lever of the transmission drive is in the "out-of-drive" position before the engine is
started.
Attention shall be especially paid when maintenance carried out under bad conditions.
The combustible material of some components of the engine (for example certain seals) can become
extremely dangerous if it is burned. Never allow this burnt material to come into contact with the skin or with
the eyes.
When checking pressure of the parts in water box, safety barrier shall be used to protect the operators. Secure
the seal plug of the part to be checked with safety iron wire.
Don’t contact compressed air with your skin. If your skin comes into contact with compressed air, obtain
medical assistance immediately,
Turbocharger works at high-speed and high temperature. Keep the fingers, tools or other chips away from the
inlet and outlet of the Turbocharger and avoid contacts with the hot surface.
Fit only genuine Lovol parts.
1.04
Identification of the various models is by a system of In this handbook, the different engine types are
similar power output, for example: indicated by their code letters, which are the first two
Phaser 110T – a 4-cylinder engine with a rate output letters of the engine number as indicated below:
power of 106 horsepower.
“T” indicates Turbocharged.
Pharser 210Ti --- 6 cylinder engine with a rated output
power of 210 horsepower.
“Ti” indicates turbocharged and intercooled engine.
Phaser110Ti-30、Phaser160Ti-30:
110------ 4-cylinder engine with rated output of 106 hp
160------6-cylinder engine with rated output of 160 hp
T---------Turbocharged engine
Ti—— Turbocharged air-intercooled engine
30 — — In conformance with the Emission
requirements of GIII (EU Ⅲ).
1000 series consists of a range of three, four and six
cylinder engines. Each type of cylinder will have four Code letters Engine type
basic engine types, naturally aspirated, compensated,
BA Three cylinder, naturally aspirated
turbocharged and turbocharged/intercooled.
There are different model variations within each BB Three cylinder, turbocharged
cylinder type. Identification of the various models is BC Four cylinder, compensated
by a system of numbers and letters, for example: BD Three cylinder, turbocharged/intercooled.
BE Three cylinder, turbocharged/intercooled
1006—6TW
AA Four cylinder, naturally aspirated
1006--------6 cylinder engine
—6--------6 liter engine YB Four cylinder, turbocharged
T--------Turbocharged AC Four cylinder, compensated
TW---------Turbocharged, but with an air to water AD Four cylinder, turbocharged/intercooled.
intercooler to cool the induction air between the AE Four cylinder, turbocharged/intercooled.
turbocharger and the cylinders
Without coolant, lubricant oil and gearbox, the maximum weight of the engine varies according to different
equipments. The following minimum lifting capacities are recommended to be adopted for lifting devices.
3 cylinder engine--------360 Kg
4 cylinder engine--------500 Kg
6 cylinder engine-------- ---600 Kg
1.06
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Engine Views 2
Introduction….……………………………………………………………………………………………….…2.02
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
3.01
operation.
Attention: If the engine has not run for several weeks, see
"Attention" on page 7.02.
3.02
Attention: Ether type fuels must not be used at the same time as
a fuelled starting aid.
3.03
Schedules ............................................................................................................................................4.03
Restriction indicator............................................................................................................................4.21
4.01
Attention:During driving at short distance and frequently starting and stopping, the number of operation is more
important than driving distance.
These preventive maintenance periods apply to average conditions of operation. Check the periods given by the
manufacturer of the equipment in which the engine is installed. If necessary, use the shorter periods. When the
operation of the engine must conform to the local regulations these periods and procedures may need to be adapted to
It is good preventive maintenance to check for leakage and loose fasteners at each service.
These maintenance periods apply only to engines that are operated with fuel and lubricating oil which conform to the
4.02
Attention:If the cooling system will not be instilled after flushing, then draining the lubricant oil cooler and instill
165ml (1/3 pints) antifreeze. When the vehicle moving, if water flowing out then this method can prevent freezing.
6. If necessary, flush the system with clean water
7. Install the hose onto the top of the cooler and fasten the clamp.
8. Fit the drain plugs and the filler cap. Close the radiator tap or connect the radiator hose.
9. As for some engine types for agriculture use, one of the cylinder plugs on the cylinder sides are modified into a
switch controlling water release, so as to empty coolant and be suitable for specific agricultural environment.
4.04
Renew a belt if it is worn or damaged. If twin belts are fitted, they must be renewed together.
o ensure maximum belt life, it is recommended that a belt tensioner gauge is used to check the belt tension. Fit the
gauge (A1) at the centre of the longest free length and check the tension. If a "Burroughs" gauge is used, the correct
tension is 355 N 36 kgf. If the tension is 220 N 22 kgf or below, adjust it to 355 N 36 kgf as indicated below:
If a gauge is not available, press down the belt with the thumb at the centre of the longest free length and check the
deflection (B). With moderate thumb pressure - 45N 4.5 kgf - the correct deflection of the belt is 10 mm.
If twin belts are fitted, check/adjust the tension on the tighter belt.
1. Loosen the pivot fasteners (B1) of the alternator and the adjustment link fasteners (B2).
2. Change the position of the alternator to give the correct tension. Tighten the pivot fasteners of the alternator and
the adjustment link fasteners.
3. Check the belt tension again to ensure that it is still correct. If a new belt is fitted, the belt tension must be
checked again after the first 20 hours of operation.
4.05
the gauze strainer (A1).On some turbocharged 6-cylinder engines, it will be necessary to remove the small heat
shield (A4) which is fitted above the pump. Remove the fuel pump (B), then remove the joint and fuel nut, and
2. Carefully wash all the sediment from the lift pump body.
4. Assemble the lift pump. Use a good joint and ensure that the lift pump body and the cover are fitted together
correctly. Because leakage at this point will let air into the fuel system. On some turbocharged 6-cylinder engines,
5. Eliminate the air from the fuel system through the filter vent point (see page 4.11).
Fuel pre-filter
If a fuel pre-filter is fitted between the fuel tank and the engine, check the filter bowl for water at regular intervals and
drain as necessary.
4.06
Attention: it is important that only the genuine Perkins fuel filter element is used. The use of a wrong element can
damage the fuel injection pump.
The separate element is held between the filter head and the bottom cover (A).
The canister type where the filter element has an internal thread (B2) at the top is fastened to a threaded adaptor (B1)
in the filter head (B).
A fuel filter with a quick release canister (C) has been introduced on certain engines. Some engines are fitted with a
pre-filter of the same type. This filter is fitted next to the main filter, but connected in the fuel system before the fuel
lift pump. Both of the filter elements must be renewed at the same time.
This filter may has one or two filter elements. If two filer elements used, both of them must be renewed at the same
time.
4.07
1. Clean the outside surfaces of the fuel filter assembly. If a drain tap (A4) is fitted to the bottom of the filter bowl,
drain the fuel from the filter.
2. Hold the bottom cover of the filter element and release the setscrew (A3) which is fitted through the filter head
(A1) above the centre of each element.
3. Lower the bottom cover of the filter.
4. Remove the element (A5) and discard it.
5. Clean the inside surfaces of the filter head and of the cover.
6. Renew the seals (A2) and (A6) and lightly lubricate them with clean fuel.
7. Put the bottom cover under the new element and hold the element squarely to the filter head. Ensure that the
element is fitted in the centre against the joint in the filter head. With the assembly in this position, engage and
tighten the setscrew.
8. Eliminate the air from the fuel filter (see page 4.12).
4.08
4.09
Attention:
It is important that only the genuine Lovol fuel filter element is used. The use of a wrong element can damage
the fuel injection pump.
Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Before a connection is disconnected, clean thoroughly the area around
the connection. After a component has been disconnected, fit a suitable cover to all open connections.
1. Thoroughly clean the outside surfaces of the fuel filter assembly.
2. Loosen the drain device (C5) at the bottom of the canister (C3) and allow the water/fuel to drain into a suitable
container.
Remark: If the drainage equipment has not been installed, then release the cap on the top of the filter (A1). Remove
the nylon block and lower the fuel level, thus the leakage of fuel can be avoided when loosing the clamp ring.
3. Turn the sediment bowl (A4), to the left and remove the bowl, if one is fitted.
4. Turn the clamp ring (A2) to the left and remove the damp ring.
5. Remove the canister from the filter head by a direct pull downwards, and discard the old canister (A3).
6. Ensure the filter head is clean and push the new canister (A3) fully into the filter head.
7. Fit the clamp ring (B1) and turn it fully to the right to fasten the canister (B) to the filter head.
8. Remove the sediment bowl (A4) and thoroughly clean the cover of the bowl.
9. Check the two 'O' ring seals of the sediment bowl cover for damage and, if necessary, renew them.
10. Clean the threads of the sediment bowl fastener, to secure the bowl to the canister turn the bowl fully to the right
and tighten by hand only.
11. If the nylon block used for lowering the oil level has been removed, install it in canister and secure the cap.
12. Eliminate the air from the fuel filter (see page 4.12).
4.10
Attention: Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Before a connection is disconnected, clean thoroughly the area
around the connection. After a component has been disconnected, fit a suitable cover to all open connections.
1. Remove the fuel leak off pipe.
2. Remove the union nuts of the high-pressure pipe from the atomiser and from the fuel injection pump (A1). Do
not bend the pipe. If necessary, remove the pipe clamps.
3. Remove the atomiser flange setscrews and remove the flange (A2), the atomizer (A6) and its seat washer (A7).
Remove the dust seal (A5) and the spacer (A4) and fit the spacer and a new dust seal onto the new atomiser.
4. Put the new atomiser in position with its spacer, new dust seal and a new seat washer. Ensure that the fuel
leak-off connection (A3) is not toward the engine. Fit the flange and engage the flange setscrews. Ensure that the
atomiser is not tilted and tighten the flange setscrews evenly and gradually to 12 Nm 1,2 kgf m..
Attention: Do not tighten the nuts of the high pressure pipes more than the recommended torque tension. If there is
a leakage from the union nut, ensure that the pipe is correctly aligned with the atomiser inlet. Do not tighten the
atomiser union nut more, as this can cause a restriction at the end of the pipe. This can affect the fuel delivery.
5. Fit the high-pressure fuel pipe and tighten the union nuts to 22 Nm 2,2 kgf m.. If necessary, fit the pipe clamps.
6. Renew the aluminum washers and fit the leak-off pipe.
7. Operate the engine and check for leakage of fuel and air.
4.11
There are two methods to eliminate air from the fuel system according to the type of pump fitted:
Bosch rotary EPVE
Bosch In-line MW
If air enters the fuel system, it must be eliminated before the engine can be started. Air can enter the system if:
The fuel tank is drained during normal operation.
The low-pressure fuel pipes are disconnected
A part of the low-pressure fuel system leaks during engine operation. If air enters the fuel system, it must be
eliminated before the engine can be started. The fuel system must be eliminated before the engine can be started.
In order to eliminate air from the fuel system, proceed as follows:
Attention. The fuel of the engine must not contaminate the engine compartment. A oil-dripping plate shall be put at
the bottom of the engine and remove the used fuel according to the local regulations.
4.12
1. Loosen the vent plug on the top of the twin element fuel filter (A1). If a single element filter is used, loosen the
banjo connection bolt which is fitted on the top of the filter (B1).
2. Operate the priming lever on the fuel lift pump (C) until fuel, free from air, comes from the filter vent point.
Tighten the vent plug or the banjo connection bolt.
Remark: If the drive cam of the fuel lift pump is at the point of maximum cam lift, it will not be possible to operate
the priming lever. In this situation, the crankshaft must be turned one revolution.
3. Ensure that the manual stop control is in the "run" position. If an electrical stop control is used, turn the start key
to the "R" position.
4. Loosen the vent screw of the fuel pipe (D1) of the fuel injection pump (B1).
5. Operate the priming lever of the fuel lift pump until fuel, free from air. Conies from the vent screw(s).Tighten
the vent screw(s).
4.13
6. If the fuel pipe on the fuelled starting aid has been emptied, loosen the union nut (A1) at the fuelled starting aid
(if one is fitted) and operate the lift pump until fuel, free from air, comes from the connection. Tighten the union
nut at the starting aid. A wrench shall be put on the nut head of fuelled starting aid device to prevent the
movement during tightening or loosing the union nut.
Attention: Do not tighten the nuts of the high pressure pipes more than the recommended torque tension. If there is
a leakage from the union nut, ensure that the pipe is correctly aligned with the atomiser inlet. Do not tighten the
atomiser union nut more, as this can cause a restriction at the end of the pipe. This can affect the fuel delivery.
7. Loosen the union nuts of the high-pressure pipes (B1) at two of the atomisers. If a manual stop control equipped,
ensure that it is in the "run" position. Operate the starter motor until fuel, free from air, comes from the pipe
connections. Tighten the high-pressure pipe connections up to 22N, 22Kg.f.m.
8. The engine is now ready to start.
9. If the engine runs correctly for a short time and then stops or runs roughly, check for air in the fuel system. If
there is air in the fuel system, there is probably a leakage in the low pressure system.
4.14
If air enters the fuel system, it must be eliminated before the engine can be started. Air can enter the system if:
The fuel tank is drained during normal operation.
The low-pressure fuel pipes are disconnected
A part of the low-pressure fuel system leaks during engine operation.
2. Loosen the banjo connection bolt which is fitted on the top of the filter (B1) and operate the lift pump until fuel,
free from air, comes from the connection. Tighten the banjo connection bolt.
3.If the fuel pipe on the fuelled starting aid has been emptied, loosen the union nut (A1) at the fuelled starting aid (if
one is fitted) and operate the lift pump until fuel, free from air, comes from the connection. Tighten the union nut at
the starting aid. A wrench shall be put on the nut head of fuelled starting aid device to prevent the movement during
tightening or loosing the union nut.
4. Ensure that the stop control is in its "run" position and the speed control in its full position. Operate the starter
motor. Reduce the speed of engine when the engine runs. If the engine runs correctly for a short time and then stops
or runs roughly, check for air in the fuel system. If there is air in the fuel system, there is probably a leakage in the
low pressure system.
4.15
4.16
4.17
Attention: The canister contains a valve and special tube to ensure that lubricating oil does not drain from the filter.
Therefore, ensure that the correct Lovol POWERPART canister is used.
The filter can have one or two canisters. When two canisters are fitted, both must be renewed at the same time.
1. Put a tray under the filter to retain spilt lubricating oil.
2. Remove the filter canister with a strap wrench or similar tool. Ensure that the adaptor (A1) is secure in the filter
head. Then discard the canister.
3. Clean the filter head.
4. Add clean engine lubricating oil to the new canister. Allow the oil enough time to pass through the filter element
5. Lubricate the top of the canister seal with clean engine lubricating oil.
6. Fit the new canister and tighten it by hand only. Do not use a strap wrench.
7. Ensure that there is lubricating oil in the sump. On turbocharged engines, ensure that the engine will not start and
operate the starter motor until oil pressure is obtained. To ensure that the engine will not start, either put the
manual stop control in the "stop" position or disconnect the electrical stop control of the fuel injection pump. Oil
pressure is indicated when the warning light is extinguished or by a reading on the gauge.
8. Operate the engine and check for leakage from the filter. When the engine has cooled, check the oil level on the
dipstick and put more oil into the sump, if necessary.
4.18
1. Release the hose clips and remove the breather valve (A1).
:If it is necessary, remove the breather body (A4) in rocker cover, so as to insert gauze strainer.
Remark:
2. Remove the plastic gauze strainer (A2) and clean it with clean kerosene.
3. Clean the breather body with clean kerosene.
4. Renew the "O" ring (A3) if necessary.
5. Check that the inside of the breath pipe is clean. If the pipe is not clean, release the flange setscrews and remove
the pipe. Wash the pipe with kerosene and dry it with low pressure air.
6. Install the breather cover back to the breather body and ensure it has been secured installed.
7. Fit the breather pipe and tighten the hose clips.
Remark: Breather body is secured into the rocker cover by thread. If it is necessary to renew the breather assemble,
use a “C” wrench to hold the flange of the bottom to loose the thread.
4.19
Attention:Never use gasoline to clean the air cleaner. A typical wet type air cleaner is shown at A.
The wet type air cleaner must be drained at a suitable interval. The container and element (A1) must be cleaned with
kerosene or with another suitable fluid. Do not use gasoline. Check that the seal (A2) is not damaged and renew it, if
necessary. Fill to the indicated level (A2) with dean engine lubricating oil.
4.20
Environmental conditions have an important effect on the frequency at which the air filter needs service. Certain air
filters have a separate dust bowl (A1) which must be cleaned at intervals. The amount of dust in the bowl shows if it
has been removed at the correct time for the conditions of operation. Do not let dust completely fill the bowl, because
this will reduce the life of the filter element (A2).
Certain air filters have automatic dust valves (B1) through which dust is expelled from the filter. The rubber dust
valve must be kept clean. Ensure that the sides of the valves close completely together and that they can separate
freely.
If a restriction indicator (C) is fitted, it will indicate precisely when the air filter element needs service. This prevents
the premature removal of the filter element which causes extra cost or late removal to the element which can cause
loss of engine power.
The filter element must be cleaned or renewed according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
Restriction indicator
The restriction indicator for these engines must work at a pressure difference of 508/558 mm of water gauge. It is
fitted on the air filter outlet or between the air filter and the induction manifold.
When the red warning indicator (C1) is seen through the clear panel (C2) after the engine has stopped, the air filter
element must be removed for service.
After a clean element has been fitted, press the rubber bottom (C3) or the button (C4) of the restriction indicator to
reset the red warning indicator.
4.21
The firing sequence of three-cylinder engine is: 1,2,3. When No.1 cylinder is on its upper dead center, you can adjust
the valves indicated with bold font below and turn it with 360 degrees.
No. of 1 2 3 4
Cylinder and
Valve 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Valve
I= inlet valve I E E I I E E I
E=Exhaust valve
4.22
These are checked between the top of the valve stem and the rocker lever (A), with the engine hot or cold. The correct
clearances are 0,20 mm (0,008 in) for inlet valves and 0,45 mm (0.018 in) for exhaust valves. The valve positions are
shown at (B).The order of the valve positions are shown at the table below.
1. Turn the crankshaft in the normal direction of rotation until the inlet valve (B8) of number 4 cylinder has just
opened and the exhaust valve (B7) of the same cylinder has not closed completely. Check the clearances of the
valves of number 1 cylinder and adjust them, if it is necessary.
2. Set the valves of number 2 cylinder (B3 and B4) as indicated above for number 4 cylinder. Then check/adjust the
clearances of the valves of number 3 cylinder (B5 and B6).
3. Set the valves of number 1 cylinder (B1 and B2).Then check/adjust the clearances of the valves of number 4
cylinder (B7 and B8).
4. Set the valves of number 3 cylinder (B5 and B6).Then check/adjust the clearances of the valves of number 2
cylinder (B3 and B4).
No. of 1 2 3 4
Cylinder and
Valve 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Valve
I= inlet valve I E E I I E E I
E=Exhaust valve
4.23
1. Turn the crankshaft in the normal direction of rotation until the inlet valve (A12) of number 6 cylinder has just
opened and the exhaust valve (A11) of the same cylinder has not closed completely. Check the clearances of the
valves (B1 and B2) of number 1 cylinder and adjust them, if it is necessary.
2. Set the valves of number 2 cylinder (A4 and A3) as indicated above for number 6 cylinder. Then check/adjust the
clearances of the valves of number 5 cylinder (A9 and A10).
3. Set the valves of number 4 cylinder (A8 and A7).Then check/adjust the clearances of the valves of number 3
cylinder (A5 and A6).
4. Set the valves of number 1 cylinder (A1 and A2).Then check/adjust the clearances of the valves of number 6
cylinder (A11 and A12).
5. Set the valves of number 5 cylinder (A9 and A10).Then check/adjust the clearances of the valves of number 2
cylinder (A3 and A4).
6. Set the valves of number 3 cylinder (A5 and A6).Then check/adjust the clearances of the valves of number 4
cylinder (A7 and A8).
No. of
1 2 3 4 5 6
Cylinder and
Valve 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Valve
I= inlet valve I E E 1 1 E E 1 I E E 1
E=Exhaust valve
4.24
5.01
Cetane number indicates ignition performance. A fuel with a low cetane number can cause cold start problems and
affect combustion.
Viscosity is the resistance to flow and engine performance can be affected if it is outside the limits.
Density: A lower density reduces engine power, a higher density increases engine power and exhaust smoke.
Sulphur: A high sulphur content (not normally found in Europe, North America or Australasia) can cause engine
wear. Where only high sulphur fuels are available, it is necessary to use a highly alkaline lubricating oil in
the engine or to renew the lubricating oil more frequently. See page 4.03
Distillation: This is an indication of the mixture of different hydrocarbons in the fuel. A high ratio of light-weight
hydrocarbons can affect the combustion characteristics.
Low temperature fuels Special winter fuels may be available for engine operation at temperatures below 0℃. These
fuels have a lower viscosity and also limit the wax formation in the fuel at low temperatures. If wax formation occurs,
this could stop the fuel flow through the filter.
If you need advice an adjustment to an engine setting or to the lubricating oil change periods which may be necessary
because of the standard of available fuel, consult your nearest Lovol distributor.
The selection of diesel firstly should be based on the environmental temperature at which diesel engine is to be used.
Light diesel with high pour point shall be used in hot south area; light diesel with low pour point shall be used in cold
north area.
The water content and mechanical impurity shall be as few as possible or else the early construction and part
corrosion in filter shall be occurred.
The pour point of diesel shall be less then the environmental temperature by at least 6-10℃, thus to ensure the
necessary flowability.
Under normal environmental temperature, No. 0-10 diesel may be chosen, for example, No. 10 light diesel can be
chosen and No. 3-5 diesel can be chosen in cold north. The specifications of light diesel made in china are listed in
table 2-1.
Specifications of light diesel
Residual Sulfur Ash Flash Pour Mecha- Water
Distillation Temperature Viscosity carbon % % point point nical Content
Cetane
number % ≤ ≤ (close ℃ impurity %
Name 50% 90% 95% 。E M ≤ cup) ≤ % Not
(not less
(not (not (not 10-6 ≥ larger
than)
higher higher higher m2/S than
than) than) than)
#10 50 300 355 365 1.2-1.67 3-8 0.4 0.2 .025 60 10 None Trace
#0 50 300 355 365 1.2-1.67 3-8 0.4 0.2 .025 60 0 None Trace
#-10 50 300 355 - 1.2-1.67 3-8 0.3 0.2 .025 60 -10 None Trace
#-20 50 300 355 - 1.15-1.67 2.5-8 0.3 0.2 .025 60 -20 None Trace
#-35 50 300 - 350 1.15-1.67 2.5-8 0.3 0.2 .025 60 -35 None Trace
The diesel must be clean; a relative long-term sediment or filtration with silk cloth shall be carried out to remove the
mechanical impurity before using.
5.02
Specifications
API CC/SE CCMC
Engine type GB11123 GB11123
API CC/SE CCMC D4
D4 CF CD
Turbocharger • •
LOVOL antifreeze exceeds the requirements of the above standards. The quality of the antifreeze coolant must be
checked at least once a year, for example, at the beginning of the cold period. The coolant must be renewed every two
years.
The antifreeze mixture must consist of equal quantities of antifreeze and water. Concentrations of more than 50% of
antifreeze must not be used because these can affect adversely the performance of the coolant.
3. When frost protection is not necessary, it is still an advantage to use an approved antifreeze mixture because this
gives a protection against corrosion and also raises the boiling point of the coolant. If an antifreeze is not used,
add a correct mixture of corrosion inhibitor to the water. Renew the mixture of water and corrosion inhibitor
every six months or check it according to the inhibitor manufacturer's recommendations.
Attention: Certain corrosion inhibitor mixtures could cause damage to some engine components.
When the diesel engine is used at 0℃, the coolant shall be prevented from freezing to lead relative parts burst. The
engine type which use closed cycle cooling system may use antifreeze with property pour point or be added with hot
water, but the water shall be exhausted once stop the car. See table 2-3 for common antifreeze formulas.( for
reference)
During preparing the antifreeze, attention shall be paid to fire safety due to the flammability of ethylene glycol and
alcohol. Before using antifreeze, clean the dirt inside the cooling system preventing the production of new chemical
sediments to influence the cooling effect.
Formula of antifreeze
Pour point℃
Name ethylene Alcohol Glycerol Water Unit ≤
glycol
60 40 -55
ethylene glycol 55 45 Volume -40
antifreeze 50 50 percentage -30
40 60 -22
5.04
6.01
Possible causes
Problem Checked by the user Checks by the workshop
personnel
The starter motor turns the engine too 1,2,3,4
slowly
The engine does not start / 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 34,35,36,37,38,40,42,
13,14,15,17 43,44
The engine is difficult to start 5,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 34,36,37,38,40,42,43,
14,15,16,17,19 44
Not enough power 8,9,10,11,12,13,16,17, 34,36,37,38,39,42,43,
18,19,20,21 44,61,63,64
Misfire 8,9,10,12,13,15,20,22 34,36,37,38,,39,40,41,
43,
High fuel consumption 11,13,15,17,18,19,21, 34,36,37,38,39,40,42,
22 43,44,63
Black exhaust smoke 11,13,15,17,19,21,22 34,36,37,38,39,40,42,
43,44,61,63
Blue or white exhaust smoke 4,15,21,23 36,37,38,39,42,44,45,
52,58,62
The pressure of the lubricating oil is too 4,24,25,26 46,47,48,50,51,59
low
The engine knocks 9,13,15,17,20,22,23 36,37,40,44,46,52,53,
60
The engine runs erratically 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,15, 34,38,40,41,44,52,60
16,18,20,22,23
Vibration 13,18,20,27,28 34,38,40,41,44,52,54
6.02
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Code list of possible causes
6.03
7.01
Procedure:
1. Completely clean the outside of the engine.
2. The system can be kept full with normal fuel but the fuel must be drained and discarded at the end of the storage
period together with the fuel filter element(s).
3. Operate the engine until it is warm. Then correct leakages of fuel, lubricating oil or air. Stop the engine and drain
the lubricating oil from the sump.
4. Renew the canister(s) of the lubricating oil filter.
5. Fill the sump to the full mark on the dipstick with new and clean lubricating oil
6. Drain the cooling system, see page 4 04. In order to protect the cooling system against corrosion, fill it with an
antifreeze mixture with the function of anti-corrosion.
7. Operate the engine for a short period in order to circulate the lubricating oil and the coolant in the engine.
8. Clean the engine breather pipe and seal the end of the pipe.
9. Remove the air filter. Then, if necessary, remove the pipe(s) installed between the air filter and induction
manifold or turbocharger. Seal the manifold or the turbocharger with waterproof tape.
10. Seal the manifold, the vent pipe of the fuel tank or the fuel filler cap with waterproof tape.
11. Disconnect the battery. Then put the battery into safe storage in a fully charged condition. Before the battery is
put into storage, protect its terminals against corrosion.
12. Remove the drive belts and put them into storage.
If the engine protection is done correctly according to the above recommendations, no corrosion damage will
normally occur. Lovol Engines (Tianjin) Co., Ltd are not responsible for damage which may occur when an engine is
in storage after a period in service.
Attention:
After a period in storage, but before the engine is started, operate the starter motor with the engine stop control
(3.03/A) or (3.03/B) in the stop position until oil pressure is indicated. Oil pressure can be indicted when a low
pressure warning light is extinguished. If a solenoid stop control is used on the fuel injection pump, it must be
disconnected for this operation.
7.02
8.01
If problems occur with your engine or with the components fitted onto it, your Lovol distributor can make the
necessary repairs and will ensure that only the correct parts are fitted and that the work is done correctly.
Service literature:
Workshop manuals and other service publications (including: Parts illustrators, User’s handbook, Service handbook,
Handbook for after service of Lovol engine, CD for service and maintenance or wall charts, etc. ) are available from
Training:
Local training for the correct operation, service and overhaul of engines is available at certain Lovol distributors. If
special training is necessary, your Lovol distributor can advise you how to obtain it at the Lovol Engines (Tianjin)
Co., Ltd.
8.02
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Engine data 9
Engine data…………………………….……….……………………………9.02
9.01
Cylinder arrangement·····················································in-line
Cycle ·············································································4 stroke
Induction system
BA, AA,YA·································································Natural aspirated
BB, AB,YB·································································Turbocharged
BC, AC,YC·································································Altitude compensated
BD, AD,YD ································································Turbocharged/intercooled
BD, AD,YD ································································Turbocharged/intercooled with inline fuel injection
pump
Firing order
BA,BB,BC,BD,BE ·············································1,2,3
AA,AB,AC,AD,AE ············································1,3,4,2
YA,YB,YC,YD,YE·············································1,5,3,6,2,4
9.02
Introduction to Fuel Injection Equipment and Its Air-Discharge of Linear Pumps (homemade).... 10.03
10.01
1. Based on the instructions in Page 17A.04 in the Workshop Manual, make marks to indicate the position when
the piston of the first cylinder is at top dead center. The marks should be made on the gear housing cover and the
pulley respectively.
2. Dismount the high-pressure fuel pipes of the first cylinder, and pull the fuel amount control bar to its maximum
position. Turn the crankshaft clockwise viewed from the front end of the engine, until the piston of the first
cylinder reaches TDC.
3. Turn the crankshaft anticlockwise at an angle of over 60°. Then turn the crankshaft clockwise slowly, meanwhile
observe the fuel level in the fuel outlet valve. As soon as the fuel level begins to fluctuate, indicating the
beginning of fuel supply of the first cylinder, you should stop turning the crankshaft. Measure the angle between
the line on the gear housing cover and that on the belt pulley, namely the fuel supply angle. If the latter line is
before the former line, then the fuel is supplied in advance. Otherwise, the fuel supply is retarded.
4. The fuel supply angles of various types of engines are listed below.
Timing
Pump type AD AD AD VE VE AD
Timin
Attention:
For The Fuel Pump Timing of different Engine type, contact perkins lovol Engine (Tianjin) co.,Ltd
5. If the fuel supply angle is not desirable, then it can be adjusted by using the holes on the flange at pump end
after loosening the nuts on the pump bracket and the flange at pump end. The fuel supply angle can be increased
by leaning the pump toward the engine. Otherwise it can be decreased. Corresponding to 1mm distance moved
by the outer edge of the pump flange, the fuel supply angle will be adjusted at about 1°CA.
6. Once the fuel supply angle becomes suitable, the nuts on the flange at the pump end, and the bolts on the pump
bracket, should be screwed down to the required torque. Then repeat step 3 and check the fuel supply angle.
Note: the arc length corresponding to 1°crank angle=πD/360(mm) D—pulley diameter (mm).
10.02
The pump camshaft is driven by the engine through the shaft coupling or transmission gears.
Driven by the camshaft, the fuel supply pump sucks the fuel from the tank and supply it to the filter with a pressure of
1.8 to 2.5 kg/cm2. Finally the fuel flows to the fuel housing in the pump body.
The plunger piston is lifted with the turning of the camshaft. As a result the fuel pressure keeps increasing.
The high-pressure fuel is pumped by the fuel pump and injected into the combustion chamber after flowing through
the fuel pipes.
The amount of the fuel supplied by the pump is at least twice the amount of the fuel injected. So the excessive fuel
can flow through the overflow valve to the fuel tank in case the fuel pressure is larger than the required value.
The excessive fuel injected by the injectors (it can also lubricate the injector body) flows to the fuel tank through the
overflow valve on the injector body.
10.03
Fuel
Low quality fuel will impair the fuel pump and affect the engine performance, so only the fuel recommended by
the engine manufacturer should be used.
Only the clean fuel with right viscosity grade should be used.
The plunger piston, fuel outlet valve and injectors should be lubricated with fuel of right viscosity grade.
If the fuel viscosity grade is too low, the components might be choked.
If the fuel viscosity grade is too high, the combustion will be influenced.
Due to the extremely small clearance between moving parts, particulates such as dust and iron rust will cause
serious abrasion of the fuel injection system.
In order to keep the fuel clean, the fuel filter should be maintained or replaced regularly. And the fuel tank
should be maintained regularly.
High concentration of sulfur in the fuel will do harm to the fuel pump. The sulfur dioxide formed through
burning, will combine with water and turn into sulfuric acid, which in turn will corrode the fuel pump and
relevant components. So only the fuel with low concentration of sulfur should be used.
The water in the fuel will cause the inner part of the fuel pump to corrode, as a result the moving parts might be
choked.
So make sure there is no water in the fuel.
If there is carbon residual on the injector, the engine performance will be affected. So the fuel which can leave
less carbon residual after burning should be used.
Fuel filter
Considering the negative effect of the foreign substance in the fuel, the fuel should be suitably filtered.
Obey the instructions about fuel filter.
10.04
Characteristics of PB pumps:
1. The basic geometric data of PB pumps and A type pumps are the same, so the two types can be counterchanged.
2. The plunger are integrated with discreteness housing, so it can bear larger pressure.
3. The integral sealing is waterproof and dustproof.
4. The rectangular drawbar of P pumps is applied.
5. The pump body, camshaft and bearings are specially reinforced to bear larger pressure.
6. Moving parts as discreteness and tappet stem can be uninstalled from the top of the pump. Disassembling of the
10.05
10.06
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Notices on Adjustment and Use of PB Pump
1. Important adjustment of the pump should be carried out on special test bench according to the technical
2. When adjust the pump, the temperature of proving oil and diesel should be kept with the range of 35℃ and 40
℃.
3. When adjusting the pretravel, washers of the same thickness should be placed on either side of the plunger.
Otherwise the drawbar will not move smoothly and vibrate, and other malfunction will also occur.
4. The plunger, fuel outlet valve and nozzle coupling elements are of special accuracy, which may be destroyed by
any dust in the fuel. Therefore, the fuel filter and fuel tank should be cleaned periodically to keep the fuel clean.
Forced or splashing lubrication system is applied on the PB pump. In the former case, lubricant need not be filled
at the pump side. However in the two cases, before running the pump (before being mounted on the test bench or
engine), lubricant specified by the engine manufacture should be filled into the pump body until it begin to flow
out of the overflow outlet. If the lubricant is not filled, the bearings, camshaft and pushing rods may be
destroyed.
10.07
10.08
RSV governor is of mechanically eccentric type. The governor drawbar device can be simplified into a crank block
device, and the brake device can be simplified into a rolling guide rod device. The pulling force of the spring can be
changed through rotating the spring lever via governor handle, thus the speed range can be changed. When adjusting
the speed, the torque generated by the pulling force of governor spring on the governor lever is equal to the torque of
centrifugal force at the specified speed. The stroke of governor hand lever and flyweight can be transmitted to the
toothed bar through the lever device. The total fuel quantity limit screw and calibrator are mounted in the governor
body. The idle speed stabilizing device is mounted in the rear housing. The adjusting screw on the spring lever is used
10.09
through controlling a coil current in the solenoid actuator. The electronic actuator drives directly the high-pressure
fuel pump rack on the engine, thus it can control the fuel delivery to the engine and thereby the speed. The speed
controller is a full electronic device which can control the engine speed with a rapid and accurate response to the
instantaneous load variation, its reliability is high and can stand up to ambient interference around the engine.
10.10
11.01
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The use and maintenance of the turbocharger
Tianjin Lovol individual pump engine adopts the GARRETT Turbo charger. Then
take the Garrett Turbocharger as an example to conduct description.
3. When the engine is running with load, the lubricating oil pressure at the turbocharger inlet should be within the
range from 196 kPa to 392 kPa (2.11 kgf/cm2 to 4 kgf/cm2) when the engine is running under the maximum torque or
at higher speed.
4. The lubricating oil inlet temperature should be usually under 100 ℃, and should not exceed 120℃ under any cases.
5. Neither liquid sealing strip and joint, nor fluid sealant should be applied to the sealing position.
6. The engine should not be running idle for a long time (over 20 minutes).
If the gas pressure in the turbine and compressor is too low, and the turbocharger axle is rotating at a low speed,
the lubricating oil in the center housing may leak into the turbine and compressor housing.
7. It is strictly forbidden to run at the mode of “acceleration—stop—running idle”.
8. The engine should first run idle for 3 to 5 minutes to build up the lubricating oil pressure. If the engine is
accelerated once it is started, the turbocharger gear will have to work at the maximum speed without being fully
lubricated, and as a result it will be damaged.
9. The engine temperature and speed should be decreased gradually from their maximum values within 3 to 5 minutes
before the engine is stopped. When the power output or torque output reach their maximum values, the turbocharger
temperature and speed is also the highest. Then the engine should run with light duty or idle for a while, meantime
the lubricating oil pressure and the amount of air flowing through cooling system should be kept constant. This can
prevent the turbocharger from running in short of lubricating oil, and prevent the lubricating oil in the gear and center
housing from being burnt and leaving the residue.
11.02
Daily check
Note: the check should not be done until the engine is cooled down. The engine should not run when the check is in
process to prevent possible casualty.
1. check the pipes connecting the air filter and turbocharger, as well as the turbocharger and intake and exhaust
manifolds.
2. check the fuel inlet and return pipes. Check whether the connecting bolts are loose.
3. check the quality of lubricating oil. Clean or change the canister if necessary.
4. check the air filter. Clean or change the canister if necessary.
5. check the crankcase breather to ensure the pressure in the crankcase is in the normal range.
Periodical maintenance:
The lubricating system, intake and exhaust systems should be maintained periodically according to the
manufacturer’s instruction.
11.03
Problem
no enough power
11.04
11.05
11.06
1. The compressor surface is damaged by foreign substance entering the former through intake manifold or air filter.
a. Poorly sealed intake pipes, causing intake air to enter the compressor without being filtered.
b. The air filter is not replaced as required or poor quality filter element is used, causing poorly filtered air.
c. Foreign substance enters the intake pipes upstream the turbocharger during engine maintenance.
2. The turbine is damaged by foreign substance from exhaust manifolds. For example:
a. Damaged parts fragments enter the turbine with exhaust gas.
b. Something as bolts drop into the exhaust manifolds during its installation, and they enter the turbine with the
exhaust gas.
Every foreign substance will influence the rotor dynamic balance, causing the rotor to choke or rotating shaft to
break.
Abnormal noises
1. gas leakage noises:
In the engine exhaust manifold, turbocharger turbine and exhaust pipes. Can be judged by exhaust traces.
In the engine intake manifolds and turbocharger compressor. Can be judged using soap solution.
2. mechanical noises:
The rotor dynamic balance is damaged.
The blades touch the turbocharger housing.
Fasteners become loose.
3. Surge: choked intake air; wrong application.
Excessive temperature
Regardless of engine running or stop, even high-quality lubricating oil will be decomposed due to excessive
temperature. As a result, carbon residual will accumulate in the whole space of center housing, blocking the oil
gallery and even the pipes. Moreover, the lubricating oil will carry the carbon residual to the bearing system,
corroding the working surface, influencing the dynamic balance, and damage the turbocharger. General reasons for
excessive temperature:
excessive exhaust gas temperature
excessive lubricating oil temperature
stopping the engine when it is still hot
blocked air filter
use of low quality lubricating oil
11.07
12.01
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The use and maintenance of hydraulic pumps
To take YBZ2 series steer vane pump as an example.
As the power source of steering, the pump is suitable for the steering systems of trucks, as well as other vehicles
and industrial machines. The advantages include good performances, compact structure, low noise, reliability and
durability. Flow control valves are installed in the pump, the flow rate of which varies within the range of 10L/min
and 20L/min. safety valves are installed in the return pipes with adjustable pressure, the maximum of which is 14MPa.
The safety valves prevent the hydraulic system from overload.
Working medium: to ensure the performance of the hydraulic pumps, N46 antiwear hydraulic oil or 15W/40CD
diesel is recommended in summer or temperate regions, while N32 antiwear hydraulic oil is recommended in winter
or cold regions. If other types of fluids are used, their viscosity should be within the range of 20 mm2/s ~40mm2/s.
Required working temperature: 10 to 80℃.
Filter efficiency: 20µm.
3. Preservation
The blades should be stored in a dry warehouse without corrosive gas. It is strictly forbidden to store them in
high temperature or the temperature under -20℃ for a long time, in order to prevent rubber parts from ageing. Often
check for possible corrosion. Replace anti-corrosive fluids if necessary.
12.02
13.01
转速信号
rotational speed signal
压气机
Compressor 涡轮 gear
Worm
油门位置信号
position signal of throttle
水温信号
signal of water temperature
阀
EGR valve
发动机
Engine
13.02
Technical requirement:
1. Start the main cable of the motor (the thick
line in the diagram), the total resistance can not
be over 0.0034 ohm.
2. The maximum voltage drop in coil circuit of
the starting motor shall not be over 1.0v
3. If the key switch is in its “preheating”
condition, contact points ①—②⑤ are made
connection, contact points ① — ② ③ ⑤ are
made connection if it is in “Run” condition, and
contact points ①—②④ are made connection if
it is in “Run” condition, and any contact point is
not connected if it is in “ OFF” condition.
4. Keep the cable as short as possible during
layout.
5. Important suggestions: in order to avoid the
damage of generator:
5.1 Never remove any adaptor if the machine
1 Storage battery
is not shutdown or the switch is not turn off.
2 Temperature control switch
5.2 Ensure the position prior to dismantling or
3 stop electromagnetic valve on fuel injection pump
installing adaptor.
4 current meter
5.3 Never test the current by ignition
5 starting motor
5.4 Confirm correct electrode and voltage.
6 key switch
5.5 Never install with arc welding
7 small generator
5.6 The generator can not be run if the storage
8 Relay
battery is not installed or it is not magnetized.
9 instrument indicator switch
10 for connecting EGR electromagnetic valve
11 Temperature sensor for cooling water
12 position sensor of throttle
13 power cable
14 water thermometer
15 water temperature sensor
16 oil pressure gauge
17 oil pressure sensor
18 oil pressure alarming light
19 water temperature alarming light
20 This pre-heating system is optional, additional solution may be chosen.
21 12V heating plug
13.03
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4. ECU Wiring principle diagram
13.04
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II Introduction of main elements
3.1 Sensors
Signal of rotational speed: acquire the signal at the W point of the little generator.
(A) Accelerator position sensor
It is mounted an the fuel pump and the signal is acquired at the handle shaft. Its figure and parameters are as follows:
13.05
(C) Position sensor of valve: (see the EGR valve diagram in 13.07).
ECU provides a position signal to EGR valve according to rotational speed, position of throttle and signal of water
temperature, meanwhile, EGR valve send a feedback signal to ECU, then ECU will modify the output signal
according to the feedback signal and finally the feedback signal will basically keep consistent with the output signal.
13.06
Temperature requirements
The inlet temperature at EGR valve shall not be over 550℃, or else the valve may be damaged; and the exhaust gas
temperature shall be above 150℃ to avoid carbon accumulation. For the valve eliminating the carbon deposit
automatically under the temperature of above 300℃, it is recommended that the inlet temperature at valve shall
reach this temperature regularly to eliminate carbon deposit.
Max. allowable temperature of valve parts:
13.07
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Notices:
In order to avoid water accumulation in valve inside EGR, the direction of the inlet of the inner valve of valve must
face downward as the lowest point. The valve must be installed within the +/-85o relative to perpendicular direction.
See the figure.
Wrong installation:
exhaust gas
13.08
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III Installation and dismantlement of EGR valve and EGR cooler
Dismantlement:
1. Disconnect the inlet hose (3) and outlet hose (6). Pay attention not to let water splash onto the EGR valve (1) and
electric elements.
2. Loosen the bolts on the inlet and outlet of EGR cooler and then loosen the bolts on the cooler bracket (5). Finally
remove the cooler (7) and its bracket.
3. Keep the inlet and outlet of the EGR cooler downward; let remaining water inside the EGR cooler flow out.
4. Disconnect the harness in the EGR valve and loosen the bolt connecting EGR valve and inlet elbow.
Installation:
1. Install the bracket of EGR cooler onto the exhaust pipe. Place the EGR cooler on the bracket and firmly connect
the ends of the EGR cooler and the bracket and both the bolts of EGR pipe.
2. Connect the hoses of the inlet and outlet of the EGR cooler.
3. Insert the EGR valve into the hole on the inlet elbow. Firmly connect the bolts of the EGR valve and the inlet
elbow. Connect the harness of the EGR valve.
1 EGR Valve
2 Inlet elbow
3 inlet hose of EGR cooler
4 outlet pipe of EGR cooler
5 EGR cooler bracket
6 Outlet hose of EGR cooler
7 EGR cooler
8 Inlet pipe of EGR cooler
13.09
Calibration software can recognize various faults in the system. Each fault has its corresponding priority and flash
code. The flash code of the fault of highest priority will be displayed by the fault indicator.
The flash code consists of a sequence of short pulse (0.5 second) and a long pulse (1.5 second). See the following
figure.
The number of short pulse is exactly same with the grade number of priority. The fault with the highest priority is of
the smallest priority grade number. For example, fault caused by excessive current is of the highest priority, but with
smallest grade number of priority. This means that the fault indicator will display two short pulses and then a long
pulse. Meanwhile, any other fault (of the lower priority) will not be displayed by the fault indicator.
Fault grade
Fault reason Fault type
(Priority)
2 Excessive current(Electric EGR valve) Self-healing
3 Position sensor of Electric EGR Self-healing
4 TPS position sensor Self-healing
5 Sensor for Water temperature Self-healing
6 Deviation of controller(PID) Without self-healing
9 Fault of electric EGR valve(high zero point) Without self-healing
Some faults may be self-healing but some can not be self-healing. The faults which can not be self-healing have to be
resolved by resetting system, for example, extinction, reignition. Please refer to all the faults listed in the table.
13.10
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Address: Jinwei Road, Beichen District, Tianjin
Postcode: 300402
Seal Tel: 0086-022- 26992255 26996802
Service Tel: 0086-022-86995886
FAX: 0086-022-26993784
Homepage: www. lovolengines.com