Class: Xii Biology Assignment-11 Chapter: 11 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

CLASS: XII BIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT-11
CHAPTER: 11 BIOTECHNOLOGY: PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES

QUESTIONS
VSA (1 MARK)
1. A restriction enzyme digests DNA into fragments. Name the technique used to check the progression
of this enzyme and separate DNA fragments.
2. Name two commonly used vectors in genetic engineering.
3. Some enzymes are considered as molecular scissors. in genetic engineering. What is the name
assigned to such enzymes?
4. Write conventional nomenclature of EcoRI.
5. A linear DNA fragment and a plasmid has three restriction sites for EcoRI how many fragments will
be produced from linear DNA and plasmid respectively.
6. An extra chromosomal segment of circular DNA of a bacterium is used to carry gene of interest into
the host cell. What is the name given to it?
7. Identify the recognition sites in the given sequences at which E.coli will be
cut and make sticky ends.
5´-GAATTC-3´
3´-CTTAAG-5´
SA-II (2 MARKS)
8. Name two main steps which are collectively referred to as down streaming process. Why is this
process significant?
9. How does plasmid differ from chromosomal DNA?
10. A bacterial cell is shown in the figure given below. Label the part .A. and .B.. Also mention the use
of part .A. in rDNA technology.
11. Mention two classes of restriction enzymes. Suggest their respective roles.
12. In the given process of separation and isolation of DNA fragments, some of the steps are missing,
Complete the missing steps .
A : Digestion of DNA fragments using restriction endonucleases
B : ..............................................................
C : Staining with ethidium bromide
D : Visualisation in U.V. light
E : .............................................................
F : Purification of DNA fragments.

SA-I (3 MARKS)
13. Since DNA is a hydrophillic moelcule, it cannot pass through cell membranes. Name and explain the
technique with which the DNA is forced into (ii) a bacterial cell (ii) a plant cell (iii) an animal cell.
14. How will you obtain purified DNA from a cell?
15. In recombinant DNA technology, vectors are used to transfer a gene of interest in the host cells.
Mention any three features of vectors that are most suitable for this purpose.
16. Why is .Agrobacterium.mediated genetic engineering transformation. In plants considered as
natural genetic engineering?
17. Observe the given sequence of nitrogenous bases on a DNA fragment and answer the following
. 5´ . CAGAATTCTTA . 3´
3´ . GTCTTAAGAAT . 5´
(a) Name a restriction enzme which can recognise this DNA sequence.
(b) Write the sequence after digestion.
(c) Why are the ends generated after digestion called sticky ends?
18. A selectable marker is used in the section of recombinants on the basis of their ability to produce
colour in presence of chromogenic substrate.
(a) Mention the name of mechanism involved.
(b) Which enzyme is involved in production of colour?
(c) How is it advantageous over using antibiotic resistant gene as a selectable marker?
LA (5 MARKS)
19. The development of bioreactors is required to produce large quantities of products.
(a) Give optimum growth conditions used in bioreactors.
(b) Draw a well labelled diagram of simple stirred . tank bioreactor.
(c) How does a simple stirred . tank. bioreactor differ from sparged stirred tank bioreactor
20. In the given figure, one cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is shown.
(a) Name the steps A, B and C.

(b) Give the purpose of each of these steps.
(c) State the contribution of bacterium Thermus aquaticus in this process.
21. Study the figure of vector pBR322 given below in which foreign DNA is ligated at the Bam H1 site of
tetracyline resistance gene.
Answer the following questions :

(a) Mention the function of rop.
(b) What will be the selectable marker for this recombinant plasmid and why?
(c) Explain transformation
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Note: Answer NCERT Text Book questions also. Avoid repetition.
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CLASS: XII BIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT-11

CHAPTER: 11 BIOTECHNOLOGY: PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES

C : Staining with ethidium bromide

D : Visualisation in U.V. light

F : Purification of DNA fragments.

(a) Name the steps A, B and C.

Answer the following questions :

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