Important Questions For Class 11 Biology - Cell The Unit of Life
Important Questions For Class 11 Biology - Cell The Unit of Life
Important Questions For Class 11 Biology - Cell The Unit of Life
A cell is the structural and functional unit of life. Each cell is surrounded by a cell
membrane which separates the internal and external environments of the cell. The
interior environment of a cell is known as the cytoplasm which consists of cellular
machinery and structural elements. The nucleus is present at the centre of the cell
which contains all the hereditary information of an organism. Proteins, carbohydrates,
sugars and starch are the organic molecules present in the cell.
Questions
Q.1. What is the importance of a vacuole in a plant cell?
A.1. The vacuole is a membrane-bound space in the cytoplasm of a plant cell. It
contains sap, water, excretory products and other materials not useful for the cell.
Vacuoles occupy 90% of the cell volume during osmosis. They maintain the turgor
pressure against the cell wall thereby maintaining the shape of the cell and cell fluid
balance.
Column I Column II
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Q.7. What do you mean by plasmids? What role do they play in bacteria?
A.7. A plasmid is an autonomously replicating, extra-chromosomal, circular, double-
stranded DNA found in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell. These usually remain
separate from the chromosome.
Role- Plasmids act as vectors to transfer important genes and in recombination
experiments. It also helps in bacterial conjugation. For eg., pBR322
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It is internal. It is peripheral.
Lipids- 20-79%
Proteins- 20-70%
Carbohydrates- 1-5%
Water- 20%
Q.13. What does “S” stand for in the 70S and 80S ribosome?
A.13. “S” is the Svedberg’s unit for sedimentation coefficient. It depicts the rate of
sedimentation of a cell during ultracentrifugation. Heavier the cell structure, higher is
the sedimentation coefficient.
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A.16.The fluid mosaic model was first proposed by S.J. Singer and Garth L. Nicolson
in the year 1972.
Q.17.Define tonoplast?
A.18.The vacuole is the primary storage organelle of a cell. In the plant cell, this
organelle plays a primary role in storing water, food and other essential minerals
required for their cellular activities.
A.21. Robert Hooke, an English natural philosopher, was the first person to discover
the cell in the year 1665. Later, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch scientist observed
cells under another compound microscope
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Q.24.What is ATP?
A.24. ATP – Adenosine triphosphate is the organic molecules, which provide energy
for various biochemical processes in the body. Therefore, these molecules are called
the energy currency of the cell.
A.25.The process of transpiration occurs in the stomata of a plant cell. They are the
tiny opening or a minute pores found on the under-surface of leaves.
Q.26.List out the main differences between plant cell and animal cell.
A.26.
Vacuoles are large and few. Vacuoles are small and many.
The nucleus is found on one side of the The nucleus is found in the centre of the
cell. cell.
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A.27. The cell theory was proposed by the two scientists – Theodor Schleider and
Matthias Schwann in the year 1839. According to this theory:
A.28. Cell organelles which are present exclusively in animal cells are Centrosomes.
A.30. There are different types of cells and are differentiated mainly based on the
structure, functions, their compositions, etc. The two main types of cell are-
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. This differentiation is based on the presence and absence
of a nucleus.
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