Efficiency of Law Enforcer and It

EFFICIENCY OF LAW ENFORCER AND IT’S AUXILIARY ON THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF CURFEW HOURS IN BARANGAY V-A
SAN PABLO CITY, LAGUNA
A Thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of the College of Criminal
Justice Education, Laguna State Polytechnic
University, San Pablo City Campus,
San Pablo City
In partial fulfillment of
the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in
Criminology
By
PAULO U. CONCEPCION
November 2014
Republic of the Philippines
LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

San Pablo City Campus
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
APPROVAL SHEET
This research ent1itled “Efficiency of Law Enforcers and
its Auxiliary on the Implementation of Curfew Hours in
Barangay V-A San Pablo City Laguna” prepared and submitted by
PAULO U. CONCEPCION, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Criminology is hereby recommended for approval and
acceptance.
Ms. JENNIFER M. NAYOYOS
Adviser
Approved and accepted by the committee on oral

examination with grade of ___.
Ms. RICHIE ROSAS S. VELASQUEZ MARLON M. WANKEY,MSCJ

Member Member
Mr. DARWIN Z. REYES ARLENE P. MADRIO, M.A

Member Member
MARLON M. WANKEY, MSCJ

Chairman
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology.
November_2014 MARLON M. WANKEY, MSCJ

Date Associate Dean, CCJE
ELISA N. CHUA, Ph. D.

Chairperson, Research & Development
Contribution No.BSCm-15-SPCC_______
THESIS ABSTRACT
The study is design to determine the effectiveness of law
enforcer and it’s auxiliary on the implementation of curfew
hours in Barangay V-A San Pablo City, Laguna. The study looked
into the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of
A) Age, b) Gender, c) number of years of residency; the level
of efficiency of Law Enforcer and its Auxiliary in the
implementation of curfew hours in Barangay V-A San Pablo City
Laguna in terms of; A) enforcement of the ordinance, B)
apprehension of violators and C) conducting patrol. Is there
a significant difference on the level of efficiency in the
implementation of curfew hours in Barangay V-A San Pablo City
Laguna relative to enforcement of the ordinance apprehension
of violators conducting patrol. Based on the result, the
following are the findings of the study. Majority of the
respondents belong to age 18-30 age brackets. The results
indicate that the numbers of respondents selected are mostly
male. With regards to the number years of residency most of
them is 18-34 years resident of the said barangay. In the
Level of efficiency of law enforcer and It’s auxiliary on the
implementation of curfew Hours in Barangay V-A San Pablo City,
Laguna. A) Enforcement of the ordinance revealed an overall
weighted mean of 2.39 with a descriptive rating of overall
weighted mean of 2.39 with a descriptive rating of slightly

efficient. B) Apprehension of violators revealed an overall
weighted mean of 2.18 with descriptive rating of slightly
efficient. C) Conducting patrol revealed an overall weighted
mean of 1.97 with a descriptive rating of slightly efficient.
C) Significant difference on the level of efficiency on the
implementation of curfew hours in Baraga V-A San Pablo City,
Laguna. Using the F-test or ANOVA, the result of the value of
the test statistic is 3.88 and the P-value is 0.022, this
reject null hypothesis which means it has significant
difference. Based from the result of the study, it can be
concluded that: there is a significant difference on the level
of effectiveness of law enforcer and it’s auxiliary on the
Laguna. From the salient findings of the study the conclusions
are as follows; A)The level of efficiency of law enforcer and
it’s auxiliary on implementation of curfew hours in Barangay
V-A San Pablo City Laguna as to the enforcement of the
ordinance is “slightly efficient”. The law enforcer is
implementing the curfew hours in the barangay however there
are assessed by the respondents to be slightly efficient in
implementing it. B) As to the apprehension of violators the
law enforcer and its auxiliary are “slightly efficient”. In
implementing curfew hours upon the apprehension of violators
they are assessed by the respondents not inflicting harm upon

the apprehended violators. The law enforcer and its auxiliary
are giving fair treatment and judgments to apprehended
violators. C) In conducting patrol the law enforcer and its
auxiliary have receive an interpretation of “slight
efficient” they are “slightly efficient” in conducting patrol
at night and daytime. There are observed that they conduct
patrol from daytime until night time. In despite of lacks of
man power and equipment they are performing their job in the
best of their ability, D) here is a significant different
relationship between the mean score of the respondents in the
sub indicator questions when it comes in the enforcement of
ordinance, apprehension of violators and conducting patrol.
There is a significant difference between the three
indicators. As observe in the indicators all of them received
an overall descriptive interpretation of “slightly efficient”
there average weighted mean are nearly from on over the other.
But in the sub indicators there is a difference because in
indicator enforcement of the ordinance its sub indicators
received 5 “slightly efficient” sub indicators 2 “not
efficient” 1 “efficient” in the indicator apprehension of
violators its sub indicators received 4 “slightly efficient”
sub indicators 2 “not efficient” 2 “efficient” lastly the
indicator conducting patrol its sub indicators received 4
“slightly efficient” sub indicators 2 “not efficient” 2

“efficient”. We can say that there is a significant
difference on the indicators because of the result in its sub
indicator because both the sub indicators of indicators
apprehension of violators and conducting patrol has the same
numbers of “slightly efficient”, “efficient” and “not
efficient”. But when it comes to the indicator enforcement of
the ordinance there is a difference its sub indicator received
a different numbers of “slightly efficient”, “efficient” and
“not efficient”.
Keyword. Efficiency of Law Enforcer and Its Auxiliary on the
Implementation of Curfew Hours

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives the researcher great pleasure in expressing
his gratitude to all those people who have supported him and
had their contributions in making this thesis possible. First
and foremost, he must acknowledge and thank The Almighty god
for blessing, guidance he showered into the study. He could
never have accomplished this without the faith I have in the
Almighty.
The researcher offer his sincerest gratitude to his
adviser Ms. Jennifer M. Nayoyos who has supported him
throughout this study with her patience and knowledge whilst.
He attribute the level of his bachelor degree due to her
encouragement and effort. One simply could not wish for a
better or friendlier adviser.
Mr. Marlon Wankey, Associate Dean of College of Criminal
Justice Education, for his vital encouragement, constant
reminders and much needed motivation throughout this study.
To Mrs. Arlene P. Madrio who serves as his statistician,
for tabulating those data and giving insightful comments
thoughtful criticism, time and attention during her busy
semester.
The researcher is highly indebted to the barangay
officials of Barangay V-A and to their residents for allowing
the researcher to float questionnaire, for guidance and
constant supervision as well as for providing necessary
information.
Last but not the least, the researcher takes this
opportunity to extend their deep appreciation to his family
and friends for their understanding and support throughout
this study.
P. U. C
DEDICATION
This thesis work is dedicated to my family, who have
always loved me unconditionally and whose good examples
have taught me to work hard for the things that I aspire to
achieve
This work is also dedicated to my friends, who has been a
constant source of support and encouragement during the
challenges of graduate school and life. I am truly thankful
for having you in my life.
P.U.C
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Title page . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Thesis abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Acknowledgement. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Dedication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..13
List of Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Chapter
1. The problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Objective of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Significance of the study . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Theoretical framework .. . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Conceptual framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Definition of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..35
Research paradigm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Statement of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . .39

2.Research methodology
Research design and methodology. . . . . . . . . 40
Population and locale of the study . . . . . . . 40
Data gathering tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..41
Data gathering procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Statistical treatment of data . . . . . . . . . 42
3. Presentation and analysis of data
Profile of the respondents
Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Gender . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .46
Years of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .47
Enforcement of the ordinance. . . . . . . . . .48
Level of efficiency of la enforcer and its auxiliary
on the implementation of curfew hours in terms of;
Apprehension of violators . . . . . . . . . . .54
Conducting patrol. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .60
Significant difference on the level of efficiency of
law enforcer and its auxiliary on implementation of
curfew hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4. Conclusions and recommendations
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Proposed action plan . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 74

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Appendices
a. Letter for the barangay chairman. . . . . . . . 78
b. Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
c. Total distribution as respondents to the
indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
d. One way anova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Curriculum vitae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Table Title Page
1 Profile of the respondents. . . . . . . . . .41
2 Level of effectiveness of law enforcer and
its auxiliary in the implementation of
curfew hours at Barangay V-A San Pablo City
in terms of Enforcement of the ordinance. . .48
curfew hours at Barangay V-A San Pablo City
in terms of Apprehension of violators. . .. .55
curfew hours at Barangay V-A San Pablo
City in terms of conductingpatrol. . . .. ..61
5 Test of significant difference on the level of
effectiveness of law enforcer and it’s
auxiliary on the implementation of curfew
hours in barangay V-A San Pablo City. . . . 67

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Figure Table Page
1 Research paradigm of the study. . . . .. . .35
2 Profile of the respondents in terms of
age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
gender.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
number of years of residency . . . . . . . .47

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM
Background of the Study
Curfews have reemerged recently as a popular option for
policymakers in their efforts to deter juvenile victimization
and delinquency. Imposed on and off since the turn of the
century, curfews tend to receive increased attention when
there is a perceived need for more stringent efforts at social
control. For example, curfew ordinances were originally
enacted in the 1890's to decrease crime among immigrant youth.
During World War II, curfews were perceived as an effective
control for parents who were busy helping with the war effort.
More recent interest in juvenile curfew ordinances came as a
response to growing juvenile crime during the 1970's
(Sutphen, R., & Ford, J. 2008).
Curfew is one of the ordinances that largely affect the
society especially the youth. The minors are the main concern
of this law. A curfew is an official order to return home
before a stated time. It may often be imposed by a government
to maintain public order. Some jurisdictions impose curfews
on minors. They enact curfew ordinance that keeps kids under
the age of 18 off the streets and away from gangs, drugs and
crime. Curfews, which apply to the night time hours, aren’t
just there to keep the good kids from going bad, they are
also there to keep the good kids from being hurt or becoming
victims of crime (Freitas, S.L. 2006)
Enforcement came in the early nineties when violent
crime and victimization of juveniles began to rise and cities
learned how to craft curfew legislation in a manner amenable
to the courts. Previous to this period, many cities had been
unable to defend their curfews from legal challenges that
they violate civil rights, especially the first, fourth, and
fourteenth amendments of the constitution (Richard Jahn
2014).
Richard Jahn (2014) said general curfews have often been
imposed as a response to an emergency, such as riots, and
they usually were implemented only a few days to a few weeks.
The key difference is that they are intended from the start
to be temporary, whereas youth curfews are intended to be
permanent. A general curfew, which applied to all citizens to
respond to a temporary emergency, was appealed to the Supreme
Court in Janet Scotland v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. They
refused to hear the case. However, Justice Douglas dissented
arguing that curfew laws may be necessary when the security
of the state is threatened, but they raised serious questions
about the right of assembly. He stated he was concerned about
the possible abuse of curfew laws in clearing the public of
“undesirable people,” such as minorities, and he argued a

curfew law should be temporary and narrowly defined (Richard
Jahn 2014).
According to Jenna Welsh (2014) curfews have many
advantages that teenagers might not realize; these advantages
include staying out of trouble, better time management, less
sleep deprivation, and increased focus in school. When
following curfews, teens tend to stay out of trouble more
because criminal activity or high-risk behavior is more
likely to occur later in the evening when parental supervision
is not present. Curfews help teens to become used to setting
a schedule which they routinely follow, and become able to
develop important time management skills which they will
carry out into adulthood. Being able to manage time
effectively is useful in a variety of situations including
school, work, and personal relationships. Setting curfews
also help teens to be able to get to sleep at a decent time,
which leads to subsequent focus and wakefulness in school,
this could ultimately even lead to better grades (Jenna Welsh
2014).
On the other hand youth curfews are popular with the
public because they are inexpensive relative to other crime-
fighting tools and have an easy-to-understand logic: If kids
are home, they won’t commit crimes or be victims of crimes.
However, there is little empirical evidence that curfews

deter crime and reduce juvenile victimization (Heilbrum, K.,
Sevin-Goldstein, N. E., & Redding, R.E. 2005).
In addition, the article “The Impact of Youths Curfew
Laws on Juvenile Crime Rates” written by David McDowall, Colin
Loftin, and Brian Wiersema reiterates that sixty percent of
the 200 largest cities in the United States enacted a new
curfew statue or revised an existing one between 1990 and
1995. “By 1995, more than three-quarters of these cities had
a curfew ordinance in effect”. During this period curfew
laws became a popular approach for preventing the amount of
crimes committed by youths (McDowall, Loftin&Wiersema 2005).
According to Mike Males Chicago (2013), the nation’s
largest city with a curfew, passed its law in 1955. By 1960,
60 of the 110 US cities with a population over 100,000 had
curfews. Thirty years later, 200 US cities had a population
over 100,000, and 150 of these cities had curfews. In 1996,
President Bill Clinton endorsed youth curfews for helping
“keep our children of harm’s way.” In the late-1990s, the US
Conference of Mayors and the National League of Cities began
issuing Best Practices for cities to follow when enacting
curfews
(Mike Males 2013).
“Juvenile Curfews and the Courts: Judicial Response to
a Not-So-New Crime Control Strategy,” states the

ineffectiveness of curfew laws. Juveniles have become the
most common curfew target within the country because of the
rise in violent and criminal activity. The adoption of
curfew laws has been widespread, even though there is little
evidence that curfews work. According to Hemmen& Bennett
(2008) this indicates that the Supreme Court has failed to
establish structured guidelines for the rights of
minors. Furthermore, law enforcement agencies and
communities embraced this ideal control mechanism in spite of
lack of evidence to reduce crime and questions raised
regarding constitutionality (Hemmen& Bennett 2008).
Deirdre E. Norton (2007) also analyzes the factors of
juvenile curfews and legislation. In, “Why Criminalize
Children? Looking beyond the Express Policies Driving
Juvenile Curfew Legislation,” also reiterates the factors of
the constitutionality of curfew laws in regards to
juveniles. Norton concludes that the effects of curfews
increase search and seizures among minority youths and their
property. In addition, the author reveals that the
oppressive history of curfew laws can lead to a discriminatory
purpose. It also explains the principle of reinforcing
parental authority. In this article, the author exposes
research that found that minority youths suffer more from
curfew laws as opposed to upper class youths.

Norton also mentioned that there are two exclusive
amendments that are constitutionally challenged in regarding
to curfew laws are the First and Fourth Amendments. Arguably
curfew laws violate the First Amendment by violating youths’
rights to free assembly, speech, and religion by setting a
time frame for which he or she must be home. Parents argue
that the Fourth Amendment under the Due Process Clause
violates their rights. It infringes on their right to raise
their child without any interference from the government. In
addition, minors claim that the Fourth Amendment infringes on
their right to personal liberty to travel freely without
restrictions.
Furthermore, curfew laws arguably violate youths’
rights and are disproportionately distributed. Declares that
such violations will only place more minorities into the
justice system at an early age. He also concludes that due
to the unequal application and the history of curfews, which
kept a certain group of people oppressed, curfew laws cannot
and will not be facially neutral, as laws are intended to be.
Meanwhile in Kenneth Adams article “The
Effectiveness of Juvenile Curfews at Crime Prevention,” ten
studies are based on micro and macro units of analysis, short
and long-term periods, and small and large scale
investigations. Adams takes a close approach in analysing

these studies that were conducted by the Campbell
Collaboration Crime and Justice Group. Curfew areas without
control or comparison groups comparing before and after
measures using quasi-experimental design were used in each
study conducted by the Campbell group. However, these studies
did not use randomization, but relied on arrest records to
measure changes in juvenile crime.
Throughout his investigation Adams has concluded that
arguably, curfews reduce juvenile offending and victimization
by keeping children off the streets. “Curfews can be used to,
promote increased crime prevention, improved child welfare,
and more effective law enforcement, all at modest cost to
taxpayers” On the other hand, studies showed varied results
of juvenile crime rates after the implementation of curfew
laws. He also has discovered that non-curfew hours reveal
more victimization as oppose to curfew hours. Although curfew
laws are very popular throughout the United States, these
studies do not hold a sufficient foundation to whether or not
curfews reduce crime and criminal victimization (Adams,
K.2004).
Meanwhile in the Philippines curfew law is being
implemented in different barangays in the cities. In the R.A
9344 “Juvenile and justice welfare act of 2006” sec.4 includes
curfew violations under the term “status offense”. In the

barangays where the curfew is implemented the child who is
caught shall be subjected to an intervention program pursuant
to Section 20 of the R.A 9344. In the present many of the
barangays all over the country implements curfew for them to
the prevention of juvenile crime especially in night time.
Because the implementation of curfew in night time is
important to prevent the commission of a crime that is
committed by the youth for example is the riots, outrage
drinking and the use of illegal drugs among the youth. This
is for them to not be given an opportunity to commit a crime
(Manila Bulletin 2013)
The curfew ordinance against minors in the national
capital is very much in effect even during the school break,
Vice Mayor Isko Moreno said Tuesday.
Moreno also urged the Manila Police District (MPD) to strictly
enforce the ordinance, which is partly a measure against gang
wars. He said the ordinance has to be implemented even more
strictly now that students are on vacation.Ordinance 8046
declares 10 p.m. to 4 a.m. as “barangay curfew hours" for
children and youths below 18 years old. “Being out in the
streets at night time, in the case of minors, would inevitably
make these kids vulnerable to a lot of bad things, including
possible involvement in drugs and crimes, petty or
otherwise," he warned.
There is nothing wrong with making friends or going out with
friends, he said, as long as the youth do not break the
law. According to the ordinance, during the curfew hours,
minors are not supposed to loiter in the streets, commercial
establishments, recreation centers, malls or any other area
outside the immediate vicinity of their residence. The only
exceptions are when they are: accompanied by parents, family
members of legal age or guardians; running lawful errands
such as buying medicines, using telecommunications facilities
for emergency purposes and the like; students of night schools
and those who, by virtue of their employment, are required to
stay outside their residence after 10 p.m. or are working at
night (manila bulletin 2013).
According to Diana Rose M. Dela Vega youth crime is a
major and growing problem, often involving both drugs and
violence. Imposing youth curfews can help to solve these
problems, as they keep young people off the street, and
therefore out of trouble, and prevent them from congregating
in the hours of darkness. The use of curfews on minors can
help to protect vulnerable children for not all parents are
responsible and inevitably their children suffer, both from
crime and in accidents, and are likely to fall into bad
habits. Society should ensure that such neglected children
are returned home safely and that their parents are made to
face up to their errands. There is no good reason for children
to be out unaccompanied late at night, so a curfew is not
really a restriction upon their liberty. They would be better
off at home doing schoolwork and interacting with the rest of
their families.Child curfews are a form of zero tolerance
policing, showing that a community will not allow an
atmosphere of lawlessness to develop. Child curfews can help
to change a negative youth culture in which challenging the
law is seen as desirable and gang membership an aspiration
(Dela Vega 2014)
In an article Cagayan De Oro City, Councilor Ramon Tabor,
chairperson of the City Council’s Committee on Police, Fire,
and Public Safety, called on parents of young children to get
involved in the implementation of the local curfew law. This
is in reaction to the special report made by Councilor
Teodulfo Lao during the City Council’s regular session
regarding the Juvenile Justice Law, and the Curfew Ordinance,
which were implemented last June 1.Tabor said that based on
their reports, many young children age 16 and below are
involved in various crimes, where some are used as drug
couriers. Under the Juvenile Justice Law, a child who is 15
years old and below, is exempted from criminal liability until
he or she reaches maturity. However, the offender shall be
subjected to an intervention program. Tabor said parents

should be held responsible for their children, and should be
involved in implementing the curfew ordinance to protect the
kids from committing crimes. To make parents responsible
enough, they must also render community service to the village
if their children are caught violating the curfew law, said
Tabor (Imam C.O Manila Bulletin June 6, 2014).
Meanwhile in NAGA CITY, Philippines Alarmed by the
rise in the number of crimes involving juvenile offenders
here and in the rest of Camarines Sur, city officials have
started to strictly enforce a 7-year-old curfew on
unaccompanied minors.Ordinance No. 2004-072, or the Curfew
for Minors, prohibits anyone below 18 years old from being
out on the streets from 10 p.m. to 4 a.m., unless they are in
the company of parents or guardian. Mayor John Bongatsaid the
stricter implementation of the law would help discourage
crimes from being committed by minors, especially those used
by gangs taking advantage of the juvenile justice law.This is
in order to prevent vandals and protect these children from
(getting into) trouble and from bad influence,Bongatsaid.This
will also serve as a reminder to parents that problems like
these also require their attention. This is not just a problem
for the police, barangay tanod and the city government. We
also need their cooperation. Bongat said officials of the
city’s 27 barangays would also be asked to tune in to a

special radio frequency and report peace and order situations
in their communities every 9 p.m., or an hour before the
curfew starts.Callers or informants may also report crime
incidents or ask for assistance through telephone numbers
4723000 or 8113000, the mayor said.The city welfare office
had noted the rise of criminality involving minors, with 25
cases recorded from January to August last year compared to
23 for the whole year of 2009 (Shiena Barrameda 2011).
In the research entitled “Efficiency on the
Implementation of Curfew Hours on the Selected Barangay of
Dolores Quezon as Perceived by the Residents” October 2013
this study is conducted to measure the level of effectiveness
of implementation of curfew hours in some barangays of Dolores
Quezon. The respondents is the residents of the selected
barangays. The researchers came up with a conclusion of the
slightly efficient in implementation of curfew hours. By this
study they were able to measure the level of its efficiency
(Calupas, Dazo, Maramot and Relator 2013).
Based on the Philippine Constitution in pursuant to the
Government to make sure the safety of the community, laws and
ordinances should be well implemented. This study is very
much relevant to the law enforcers as an eye opener on how
are they going to implement curfew hours and make sure the
safe and sound to their Area of Responsibility.

Objective of the Study
This study is intended to determine the level of
efficiency of law enforcer and it’s auxiliary on the
implementation of curfew hours. And also to sight problems
they encountered upon the implementation of the ordinance.
Significance of the Study
Through this study it will bring knowledge on the
following; community, future researchers, and barangay
officials. This would help them merely understand the matters
on this research which is the curfew ordinance. Testing the
efficiency of the implementation of this law in barangay V-A
San Pablo City, they will be inform in the beneficial effect
of this through in each individual.
The study was conducted to serve as a great help in the
study of criminal justice system in our country, especially
to those researchers who will conduct study similar to the
topic. It can serve as a reference for others who want to
know the proper implementation of curfew for preventing
crime.
For the Community this study would help the community in
the aspect of maintaining peace and order, because this study
would determine the effectiveness of the curfew in the crime
prevention in the community. It would also come up with the

problems encountered in implementing the curfew, and to think
for a better solution for the ordinance to be more effective.
For the future researchers This study might help them to
gain knowledge about the problem and may also be a guide for
the future researchers to conduct relative study about
curfew.
For the Barangay officials This study would help them,
because this study will give them an output to their
implementation of this curfew. This would help them to be
more effective in implementing this ordinance. Because of
this research they might find the problems they are
encountering, and help them to come up with a solution to
resolve those problems. For the benefit of whole the barangay
to live in peacefully for citizen will be living without a
fear.
Theoretical Framework
This study was anchored by the different theories that
relate its main concept. As far as Becker (2006), “social
groups deviance theory” is concerned the question of
importance is not the actual deviant behavior of those who
are labelled, but who applies the label to whom and the
determining factor on the assigning of the deviant
labels? The answer is that society imposes the labels on the
less powerful and decides which behavior will be banned as

deviant or illegal. Hence, the designation of an individual
as deviant is not determined by whether or not the law was
violated or that a deviant act was committed.
Also according to Akers (2009),he asserted that the
societal reaction to deviance theory” Namely, the application
of curfew laws seeks to prevent the participation in deviant
behavior by juveniles. The juvenile is then labelled as
deviant once the curfew is violated. This label stigmatizes
the individual and thus leads them down a path of constant
violations because they are therefore labelled
deviant. Curfew laws have been viewed as positive
enforcement in ensuring youths are kept out of harm’s way and
from travelling down a path of delinquency.
Likewise Lemert (2006) added that in “deviation theory”
not every youth who violates the law, regardless of the
seriousness of the offenses, will become a hard core
delinquent. Their delinquent act may simply be a primary
deviation, one that is not particularly serious and a onetime
deviation. Strict curfew laws help prevent youths from
becoming potential delinquents. Laws are enforced to prevent
and deter youths from the idea of involving themselves in
activity that may not be lawful. Therefore, curfews provide
youths with responsibility that will prepare them for future
obligations.
On the other hand attachment theory describes the
dynamics of long term relationships between humans. Its most
important tenet is that an infant needs to develop a
relationship with at least one primary caregiver for social
and emotional development to occur normally. Attachment
theory explains how many the parents’ relationship with the
child influences development. Attachment theory is an
interdisciplinary study encompassing the fields of
psychological, evolutionary, and ethological theory.
Immediately after World War II, homeless and orphaned
children presented many difficulties, and psychiatrist and
psychoanalyst John Bowlby was asked by UN to write a pamphlet
on the issue which entitled maternal deprivation. Attachment
theory grew out of his subsequent work on the issues raised
(Bowlby 2013).
Also social learning theory considers the formation of
one’s identity to be a learned response to social stimuli. It
emphasizes the societal context of socialization rather than
the individual mind. This theory postulates that an
individual’s identity is not the product of the unconscious
(such as the belief of psychoanalytic theorists), but instead
is the result of modeling oneself in response to the
expectations of others. Behaviors and attitudes develop in
response to reinforcement and encouragement from the people

around us. While social learning theorists acknowledge that
childhood experience is important, they also believe that the
identity people acquire is formed more by the behaviors and
attitudes of others (Anderson, M.L. Taylor, H,F. 1009)
Conceptual Framework
This study confined of explanations that discusses the
main concept of the enforcement of the ordinance,
apprehension of violators and conducting patrol.
Enforcement of the Ordinance
Curfews are credited by some with restoring and
maintaining order in lower crime neighborhoods, according to
the Ruefle and Reynolds analysis. In addition to equipping
law enforcement with tools to keep youth off the streets,
curfews provide parents with a legitimate, legal basis for
restricting the activities of their children. It is easier
for parents to place boundaries on their children's
activities, proponents argue, when other youth in the
neighborhood are similarly restricted by a specific time to
return home (Ruefle,Reynolds 2014).
Tony Herbert added that two key reasons exist for
juvenile curfews: First, they can safeguard the community
from criminal mischief involving a sector of society more
vulnerable to peer pressure than others. Second, they offer
a tool by which parents can be made aware when their children

stray from the straight and narrow, before matters turn more
serious (Herbert T. 2014).
National and state leaders have endorsed the
implementation and enforcement of stronger "status offense"
laws to control youth crime. So-called status offenses apply
to youth but not adults, such as running away from home,
truancy, underage drinking, incorrigibility, and presence in
public during certain hours. The last of these, night time
and schoolday curfews, have won the most attention and have
been cited for their potential to reduce juvenile crime
(Krikorian, Ricardi 2014).
Apprehension of Violators
According to Carlos Noel (2012) if a minor is
apprehended while violating this chapter the police officer
or special officer so apprehending is hereby authorized and
empowered to take into custody such juvenile child. Such
officer shall notify the parent or guardian or adult person
having the care and custody of the juvenile of the violation
of this chapter and the penalty thereof. The juvenile so
apprehended shall be taken into custody but may be released
immediately in the custody of his parent, guardian or other
adult person having the care and custody of the juvenile.
The curfew law has no formal claim that injustice had
been done. The apprehension may be precisely in line with the

law. However, experience of a young people being apprehended
and taken into custody just a few yards from their house is
concerned with the fair application of sanctions that arise
with the administration of rules and laws. It may have been
agreed that a penalty is applied if a rules is broken (ward,
R. M. 2013).
According to Lundman (2011) 10% of delinquent acts
during curfew leads to apprehension by the police, out of
that apprehended 20% are convicted. There are clearly many
problems involved on relying on the official statistics as a
measure of crime and delinquency, but in despite of this
limitations they undoubtedly give a reasonably good
indication of involvement in delinquency and criminal
behavior.
Conducting Patrol
Steve Franklin said police expect to see a slight
increase with the change in curfew times now that school has
started. To combat the potential problem, police said two
officers will concentrate on curfew violations while working
their regular duties during third-shift hours. "There are
some sections where we have no violations, and some pockets
where we know we can almost count on finding some kids
wandering around (Franklin T. 2014)

Fritsch ET. L (2009) found that when the police use
saturation patrol to enforce juvenile curfew greater
decreases of juvenile related crime. This could be explained
by increase presence of police and that juveniles knowing
that there are more police in the neighbourhood, they do not
engaged crime activities.
Conducting patrol in aggressive enforcement of juvenile
curfew has statistically significant impact in terms of crime
prevention. In addition, victimization of juvenile is not
impacted in the long term by such law (Sutphen, R., & Ford,
J. 2008).
Definition of Terms
Barangay - It is the smallest unit of government. It is
a group of more than 45 to 50 families composing a community
where there is relationship, system of life, beliefs,
traditions, and living in same territory.
Barangay tanod - The one who’s responsible for the
maintaining peace and order of the barangay.Also the one
conducting a patrol in an area of the barangay.
Curfew laws – These are local ordinances that prohibit
people of a certain age (usually under 18) from being in
public or in a business establishment. Curfew laws are almost
always enacted at the local level, by city or county
government. The legislative intent behind curfew laws usually

social order goals like prevention of crimes involving
juveniles, and maintenance of the general peace.
Minors – These are persons under a certain age usually
the age of majority which are legally
demarcates childhood from adulthood. The age of majority
depends upon jurisdiction and application, but is generally
18.
Curfew hours – It is an order establishing a specific
time in the evening after which certain regulation is applied.
Crime - It is an act committed or omitted, in violation
of a public law, either forbidding or commanding it.
Ordinance – It is a law passed by a municipal government.
Law set forth by a governmental authority specificallya
municipal regulation.
Research Paradigm
This study is intended to determine the reasons in
implementing curfew hours which includes the prevention of
accidents, to have an organized community also to test the
efficiency of the law enforcer and it’s auxiliary on
implementation of curfew hours in barangay V-A San Pablo City.
The independent variable of this study The demographic
profile of the respondents in terms of Age, Gender, Number
of years of residency and he level of efficiency of Law
Enforcer and its Auxiliary in the implementation of curfew

hours in Barangay V-A San Pablo City Laguna in terms of
Enforcement of the ordinance, Apprehension of violators,
Conducting patrol. The significant difference on the level of
efficiency in the implementation of curfew hours in Barangay
V-A San Pablo City Laguna relative to Enforcement of the
ordinance, Apprehension of violators, conducting patrol. Last
is the Proposed action plans to increase the effectiveness of
law enforcer and it’s auxiliary in the implementation of
curfew hours in barangay V-A San Pablo City.
The dependent variable of this study is efficiency of
law enforcer and it’s auxiliary on the implementation of
curfew hours in barangay V-A San Pablo City Laguna.

Figure1: Research Paradigm
Independent variables
1. The demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of ;
1.1 Age; Dependent

1.2 Gender; variables
1.3 Number of years of residency Efficiency of law

2. The level of efficiency of Law Enforcer enforcer and it’s
and its Auxiliary in the implementation auxiliary on the
of curfew hours in Barangay V-A San
Pablo City Laguna in terms of ; implementation of
curfew hours in
2.1 Enforcement of the ordinance;
barangay V-A San
2.2 Apprehension of violators; Pablo City Laguna
2.3 Conducting patrol
3. significant difference on the level of

efficiency in the implementation of
curfew hours in Barangay V-A San Pablo
City Laguna relative to:

Moderator
3.2 Apprehension of violators;

Residents of
3.3 Conducting patrol
4. Proposed action plans to increase the Barangay V-A

efficiency of law enforcer and it’s
auxiliary in the implementation of
curfew hours in barangay V-A San Pablo
City?
Statement of the Problem:
The main concern of the study is to measure the level of
effectiveness of the Law Enforcer and it’s auxiliary in the
implementation of curfew hours in Barangay V-A San Pablo City.
The researcher seeks to answer the following question:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in
terms of ;
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender; and
1.3 Number of years of residency?
2. What is the level of efficiency of Law Enforcer and its
Auxiliary in the implementation of curfew hours in Barangay
V-A San Pablo City Laguna in terms of :
2.2 Apprehension of violators;and
2.3 Conducting patrol?
3. Is there a significant difference on the level of
efficiency in the implementation of curfew hours in Barangay
V-A San Pablo City Laguna relative to:
3.2 Apprehension of violators; and
3.3 Conducting patrol?

4. What are the proposed action plans to increase the
effectiveness of law enforcer and its auxiliary in the
implementation of curfew hours in barangay V-A San Pablo City?

CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents and explains the methods and
procedures used as basis in conducting the study. It discusses
the following: the research design, population and locale of
the study, the data gathering tool, data gathering procedure
and treatment of data. The methods and procedures used serve
as a guide for him and enables to make an effective research.
Research Design
A descriptive survey method was utilized in this study
since it requires manipulation of variables to ascertain the
level of effectiveness on implementation of curfew hours in
barangay V-A San Pablo City. For these reasons, the researcher
chose a survey method and designed a questionnaire survey
instrument and supplemented by informal interview to assess
the perceptions of the residents of Barangay V-A regarding to
the curfew ordinance and how it is implemented throughout the
barangay.
Population and Locale of the Study.
The place of the study is conducted in Barangay V-A San
Pablo City. The barangay is composed of four hundred fifty
six (456) residents. Sixty (60) respondents were selected to
answer the prepared questionnaire through random sampling.

The question administered was through written form and
accompanied with an informal interview.
Profile of the Respondents
Table 1
Barangay Male Female No.of

respondents respondents
respondents
Barangay V-A Forty (40) Twenty(20) Sixty (60)
Data Gathering Tool
The instrument that was used in the study was composed
of the following and was administered to the respondents;
Part I included the respondents profile: Part II is composed
of questions that sought to answer the level of efficiency on
the implementation of curfew hours in Barangay V-A San Pablo
City according to; penalty and punishment imposed, regulated
time given and number of violators. This questionnaire was
validated by members of the panelist and by the barangay
chairman.
Data Gathering Procedure
Before giving the survey to the respondents, the first
step made by the researcher is to prepare a letter noted by
the college dean, to ask for the consent of the barangay
authority or officials.
The researcher administered questionnaires to the
respondents of Barangay V-A, San Pablo City which includes
about their age, gender, occupation and number of years of
residency in the said Barangay. The level of effectiveness on
implementation of curfew hours described by the indicators
including penalty and punishment imposed, regulated time
given, numbers of violators. After they answered the
questionnaire the researcher conduct an informal interview of
respondents.
Treatment of Data
To response the problems of the study dealt on the level
of efficiency of law enforcer and it’s auxiliary in the
implementation of curfew hours in terms of: a) Enforcement of
the ordinance, b) Apprehension of violators, c) Conducting
patrol and significant difference in the level of efficiency
in the implementation of curfew hours in Baraga V-A San Pablo
City, Laguna according to a) enforcement of the ordinance, b)
apprehension of violators and c) conducting patrol, the
following scale was used:

Numerical Rating Statistical Limit Descriptive
interpretation
4 3.25 - 4.00 Very efficient
3 2.50 – 3.24 Efficient
2 1.75 – 2.49 Slightly efficient
1 1.00 – 1.74 Not efficient
For more valid and meaningful interpretation of the
data, the statistical measures were used such as frequency
distribution, means and standard deviation.They were applied
to the respondents profile and the respondent’s related
factors. To find out the relationship of the modified
independent and dependent variable f-test or ANOVA of
statistic was used at 0.05 level of significance. Weighted
mean of the data gathered was computed to determine the
numerical and descriptive rating value of each sub indicator
questions. The differences between the three indicatorswas
determined through the use of standard deviation value of
statistic test done.
To aid the analysis and interpretation of the data,
frequency, mean and percentage were applied for the

respondent’s profile. Weighted mean was computed to determine
the rating and interpretation of each sub indicator
questions.
The relationship between the three indicators,
enforcement of the ordinance, apprehension of violators and
conducting patrol on its significant on the efficiency of law
enforcer and its auxiliary on the implementation of curfew
hours determined through the use of the standard deviate on
result of the t-test done.

CHAPTER 3
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
This chapter presents the result of data collection
procedure on the formulated questions concerning the subject
under study. The study was designed to determine the
effectiveness of law enforcer and it’s auxiliary in the
Laguna. Specifically, it sought to answer the question which
includes the demographic profile of the respondents in terms
of age, gender and number years of residency in the said
Baraga. The study also determined the level of efficiency of
law enforcer and it’s auxiliary in the implementation of
curfew hours in terms of: a) Enforcement of the ordinance, b)
Apprehension of violators, c) Conducting patrol if there is
a significant difference in the level of efficiency in the
Laguna according to enforcement of the ordinance,
apprehension of violators and conducting patrol. This chapter
will also show the respondents how they react on the sub
indicators by giving their statements.

Part I. Profile of the Respondents in term of;
Age
The figure 2 below represents the distribution of the
respondents according to their age. In the distribution of
the respondents according to age, the majority of the
respondents belongs to young which is 18-32 years of age.
Figure2Distribution Of Respondents as to Age
AGE OF THE REPONDENTS
27%
45%
18-30
31-42
43-54
28%
Figure 2 shows that out of 60 respondents, 45% belong to
young 18-30 age brackets, 28% belong to middle 31-42 age
brackets, and the remaining 27% belongs to the old 43-53 age
bracket. Majority of the respondents in terms of age

distribution belongs to the young which is from 18-30 years
of age.
Gender
The figure 3 below represents the distribution of the
gender of the respondents. The majority of the respondents
belongs to male.
Figure 3Distribution Of Respondents as to Gender
GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS
33%
MALE
67% FEMALE
Figure 3 present the distribution of respondents in
terms of their gender. According to the table above out of 60
respondents there are 67% are male, and 33% are female. It
can be noted that the majority of population of the society
are male.
Years of Residency
The figure 4 below shows the distribution of the
respondents according to their years of residency on how long
there are living in the barangay. In the years of residency
the majority is from 18-34 years of living in the said
barangay.
Figure4 Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Number Years
Of Residency
YEARS OF RESIDENCY
23% 18%
17-1
18-34
35-52
59%
Figure 4 shows that out of 60 respondents 18% are 1-17
years living in the said barrage, 59% are 18-34 years living
in the said barrage while 23% are 35-52 years living in the
said barrage. The majority of the respondents are in the 18-
34 years living in the said barangay with 59%.
PARTII. Level ofEfficiency Of Law Enforcer And Its Auxiliary
On The Implementation Of Curfew Hours In Barangay V-A San
Pablo City, Laguna in terms:
A. Enforcement of the Ordinance
B. Apprehension of Violators
C. Conducting Patrol
A. Enforcement of the Ordinance
The table 3 emphasized the efficiency of law enforcer
and it’s auxiliary in implementing curfew hours in terms of
enforcement of the ordinance. Based on the computed weighted
mean the law enforcer and its auxiliary are “slightly
efficient” in the enforcement of the ordinance with a overall
mean of 2.39. Some of the respondents supported that in the
enforcement of the ordinance the authorities is not very
strict in their implementation of curfew. There are times
that the authorities didn’t implement well this ordinance.
Some of the respondents also added that they didn’t have
enough knowledge about the ordinance. That there are times
that when there is a dispute happening there is no authorities
to settle. One respondent stated that the authorities need to
be more efficient in implementing the curfew to prevent the

occurrence of crime especially in the park that it serves as
a hangout place for the minors. (Interview OCTOBER 2014)
Table 2 Level Of Efficiency Of Law Enforcer And Its Auxiliary
Pablo City, Laguna In terms Of Enforcement Of The Ordinance
Indicators Mean Verbal Rank

interpretation
1. Law enforcer and it’s auxiliary 2.35 Slightly 2

implements the curfew hours efficient
2. Law enforcer and its auxiliary 2.15 Slightly 4

are monitoring violators. efficient

are handling violators. efficient

are monitoring crime prone areas. efficient

are settling disputes committed efficient
during curfew hours.
6. Law enforcer and its auxiliary 1.46 Not efficient 8

are is giving warning about the
regulated time given of the
ordinance.

are informing the public about the
ordinance.
8. Law enforcer and its auxiliary 2.62 Efficient 1

implement the curfew hours as
neutral.
Overall 2.39 Slightly efficient
The assessment of respondents with regards to the
enforcement of the ordinance that must be adopt by the law

enforcer and its auxiliary in Barangay V-A San Pablo City,
Laguna in implementing curfew ordinance is presented in table
3. Result shows that the implementation of curfew hour is
neutral received highest rank with the weighted of 2.62 with
descriptive rating of “efficient”. It shows that the
implementation of curfew is being observed to be
neutrallyimplimented. In the Interview last October 2014 Mr.
Keenmatthewllagas added that in the enforcement of curfew.
They observed that the barangay tanods who is implementing
the curfew is dis regarding the family relationship in
implementing curfew. And also the status of that person in
the community whether he or she is a son or daughter of
politicians, rich person and famous personality.
Meanwhile there are sub indicators that received the
lowest ranks there are as follows. The first lowest in rank
is law enforcer and its auxiliary are giving warning about
the regulated time given of the ordinance got the lowest rank
with an average weighted mean of 1.46 and a descriptive
interpretation of “not efficient”. It has the lowest
weighted mean because majority of the respondents said that
they don’t have enough knowledge about the curfew. Mr.
OgieCaliwagan a resident has been interview last October 2014
he said that the people in the barangay don’t have enough
knowledge of the ordinances implemented by the barangay one

of this is the curfew ordinance. He thinks that the cause of
the violations of the curfew in the barangay is the lack of
knowledge about this ordinance.
Second lowest in rank is sub indicator Law enforcer and
its auxiliary are informing the public about the ordinance
received an average weighted mean of 1.53 with a descriptive
rating of “not efficient”. It connotes that the public is
lacking on information about this curfew there are no signage
or whatever to give information to the public. In the
interview last October 2014some of the respondents added that
they have no enough information about this curfew. That they
didn’t know the regulated time and punishment imposed.
Third lowest in rank is law enforcer and its auxiliary
are handling violators received an average weighted mean 1.88
and a descriptive interpretation of “slightly efficient”. It
implies that they are handling violators but there are
possibilities for the violators to do the same offense next
time because there are minor. They think that they will not
be put in jail and they will be only receiving community
service and be release when turn over to DSWD. In the
interview to Mr. Rolando Cabreraof DSWD last October 2014 he
said that in curfew violation and minors is apprehended the
custody must be turn over to DSWD and the DWSD is the one to
handle the case. But most of the times the barangay officials
are not giving the custody of the child instead there are
giving community services in the barangay.
The sub indicator law enforcer and its auxiliary are
monitoring crime prone areas have received a descriptive
interpretation of “slightly efficient” with an average
weighted mean of 1.9 is the fourth lowest in rank in rank. It
shows that barangay officials are monitoring crime prone
areas they are conducting patrol to the areas that a crime
may occur. In the informal interview conducted last October
2014 to Ms. Evelyn Dacara a vendor she added that during night
time she observed that barangay tanods is implementing curfew
and in the implementation she see that there are checking the
crime prone areas in the park but this is for only minutes.
Fifth lowest in rank have an average weighted mean of
2.15 and descriptive interpretation of “slightly efficient”
is received by the sub indicator law enforcer and its
auxiliary are monitoring curfew violators. It implies that in
the barangay the violators is monitor andit is said to be
that the violators that are not residents of the barangay is
monitored of being a recidivist that there are violating
curfew 2-3 times. On the interview to Hon. ElmorLlagas last
October 2014 he added that the majority of the violators that
they are monitoring is not a resident of their barangay.

Sixth lowest in rank is the sub indicator Law enforcer
and its auxiliary are settling disputes committed during
curfew hours received an average weighted mean of 2.21 and a
descriptive interpretation of “slightly efficient”. It
connotes that the barangay officials are settling dispute
committed during curfew hours. But the respondents observe
that there are times that there are no authorities handling
disputes during curfew hours. Based on the interview majority
of the respondents added that there are no police officers
assisting in handling this curfew or even settling disputes
during curfew the persons responding in curfew is only
barangay tanods. Mr. Rolando Uri said that there are times
that when there are cases of disputes in the barangay there
are no officials to handle it even the dispute is committed
during curfew hours it is from the interview made last October
2014.
The law enforcer and its auxiliary implements the curfew
hours. Is the seventh lowest in rank with average weighted
mean of 2.35 with a descriptive rating of “slightly
efficient”. These slightly efficiency is very important
because in these sub indicator we will see whether law
enforcers are really implements curfew. Some of the
respondents added that sometimes they see that it is
implemented sometimes are not so they observe that the

authorities are slight efficient. In an interview conducted
last October 2014 Mr. EgayDiakos added that the officials of
the barangay is slightlty efficient on implementing curfew
because of barangay officials is being observed that
implementing curfew but there are times that they do not
implement.
B. Apprehension of Violators
The table 4 emphasized the level of Efficiency of Law
Enforcer and it’s auxiliary on the Implementation of Curfew
Hours in terms of apprehension of violators. Based on the
computed weighted mean, the authorities are “slightly
efficient” in apprehension of violators with an overall mean
of 2.18. It is observed that they are apprehending violators
without harm. In the interview last October 2014 some of the
respondents added that they are not apprehending violators
especially the adults. Sometimes there are not also informing
the parents or guardian of the violator.

Table 3 level of efficiency of law enforcer and its auxiliary
in terms of apprehension of violators.
Sub- Indicators Mean Verbal Rank

Interpretation
1. Law enforcer and its auxiliary 2.22 Slightly efficient 4

implement of fines and penalties.

are giving fair judgment to
violators.

are handling apprehended minor
violator.

are handling apprehended adult
violator.

are apprehending violators without
harm or violence inflicted.

are giving fair treatment in
apprehended violators.

are informing proper Barangay
authority if apprehended violators
are not a resident of the said
Barangay.

are informing the parents/guardians
of apprehended minor violators.

The assessment of respondents with regards to the law
enforcer and its auxiliary in Barangay V-A San Pablo City,
Laguna in implementing curfew ordinance in terms of
apprehension of violators is presented in table 4. Result
showed that Law enforcer and its auxiliary are apprehending
violators without harm or violence inflicted has the average
weighted mean of 2.87 with a descriptive interpretation of
“efficient”. It shows that it is strictly observed by the
public that no harm is being done in the victim whether
physical or emotional the law enforcer is in tack with the
conduct in giving patience to apprehended violators. The
respondents added that observe that there is no harm inflicted
to the apprehended violators because they observe always a
good and pleasant conversation upon apprehension of violators
this is based from the interview last October 2014.
The sub indicator that also received a descriptive
interpretation of “efficient” is the Law enforcer and its
auxiliary are giving fair treatment in apprehended violators
with a weighted mean of 2.57. It implies that there are well
in handling violators there are much giving fair treatment to
apprehended violators. In the interview to Mr. Jojo
Macalindong a resident last October 2014 he asserted that his
daughter is once apprehended and she has been given a fair
treatment although the son of a councilor is also apprehended.

Upon the gathering of data there are sub indicators that
received the lowest rankings there are respectively as
follows. The first lowest in rank is the Law enforcer and its
auxiliary are handling apprehended adult violator has an
average weighted mean of 1.68 with a descriptive
interpretation of “not efficient”. This is not efficient
because curfew is mostly for minors thus they observe that
it’s very minimal for the authorities to apprehended adult
violators. Majority of the respondents added that the
authorities are not apprehending violators who are adult this
is based from the interview made last October 2014.
Second lowest in rank is the sub indicator Law enforcer
and its auxiliary are informing proper Barangay authority if
apprehended violators are not a resident of the said Barangay
with a weighted mean of 1.72 and descriptive interpretation
of “not efficient”. It implies that the barangay authorities
are not that strict in communicating from other barangay when
apprehended is not a resident of the said barangay. It’s the
duty of the authorities of the barangay to inform the proper
authorities about the apprehended violators it is necessary
to the proper barangay authority to be informed. In an
interview last October 2014 Ms. Aileen Padura a resident of
the barangay said that she experienced not being inform about
his child being in the custody of the barangay one night
because of his son not giving the proper information.
Third lowest in ranks is Law enforcer and its auxiliary
are informing the parents/guardians of apprehended minor
violators are third in lowest rankings with a 1.9 average
weighted mean and descriptive rating of “slightly efficient”.
It shows that parents and guardian are not always being
informed about their child apprehended especially when the
minor apprehended is not a resident of the said barangay. The
reason why is because of there are times the child itself is
not giving the right information about him. Mr. Alex Exconde
was being interviewed last October 2014 and he mentioned that
informing parents or guardian is the first thing to do by the
apprehending officer once a child is apprehended because this
is a minor and the parents or guardian are responsible but
sometimes this is not being strictly observed. The
apprehending officer do not inform the parents or guardian.
Fourth lowest in rank has an Average weighted mean of
2.12 and a descriptive rating of “slightly efficient” have
been received by the sub indicator law enforcer and its
auxiliary are handling minor violators. The law enforcer and
its auxiliary should handle the minor efficiently because
this is the main concept of this curfew law to monitor and t
not tolerate the minors to prevent them from committing

crimes. Law enforcer itself have seen by the public for not
being aware in handling minor violators. Mr. Raphy Aquino a
vendor mentioned that as he observe the only law enforcer to
handle curfew violators is only the barangay tanods he said
that the police force must also contribute in handling
violators especially now that the crime committed in our
society are mostly minors is involved it is from the interview
last October 2014.
Fifth lowest in rank has Descriptive rating of “slightly
efficient” it is received by the sub indicator law enforcer
and its auxiliary implement fines and penalty with a weighted
mean of 2.22. It implies that there are not that efficient in
imposing fines and penalty there are very soft they do not
impose penalty instead of penalty they divert it to a
community service program. On the interview to Mr. JovenNim
a barangay tanod last October 2014 he said that whenever they
have an apprehended person during curfew they do not impose
fines. But as a penalty they are given a community service
during first Sunday of the month.
Sub indicator Law enforcer and its auxiliary is giving
fair judgment to violators is the sixth lowest in rank with
a weighted mean of 2.37 and a descriptive interpretation of
“slightly efficient”. It implies that law enforcers are
giving fair judgment to apprehended violators. They are

disregarding the family relationship, age, gender and profile
of the apprehended person. Ms. Emma Uri a resident added that
there a nonjudgmental perception upon apprehending the curfew
violators this is from the interview last October 2014.
C. Conducting Patrol
Table 5 emphasizes level of efficiency of law enforcer
and it’s auxiliary on the Implementation of Curfew Hours in
terms of conducting patrol. Based on the computed weighted
mean in conducting patrol the authorities are “slightly
efficient” with an overall mean of 1.97. It may be seen that
the overall mean is low, Because of some problems encountered
during conducting patrol. The respondents added that they
observed that the authorities are efficient in patrolling day
and night, however they are always lack of equipment’s. There
are times that there conducting patrol but they are not
monitoring happenings along the vicinity and when there is a
special events they are not properly conducting patrolthis is
from the interview last October 2014.
Table 4 Level of efficiency of law enforcer and its auxiliary
on the implementation of curfew hours in Barangay V-A San
Pablo City, Laguna in terms of conducting patrol.
s Mean Verbal Interpretation Rank

1. Law enforcer and its 2.72 Efficient 1
auxiliary are conducting
patrol at night time.
2. Law enforcer and its 2.60 Efficient 2

patrol during daytime.
3. Law enforcer and its 1.77 Slightly efficient 6

patrol during special
events.

patrol at the park.

patrol with proper
equipment.

auxiliary are checking all
places along the park.
7. Law enforcer and its 1.48 Not efficient 8

auxiliary are checking
suspicious vehicles along
the park in the course of
their patrol.
8. Law enforcer and its 1.5 Not efficient 7

auxiliary are observing and
monitoring public
gatherings.
Result showed that the Law enforcer and its auxiliary
are conducting patrol at night time average weighted mean of
2.72 with a descriptive interpretation of “efficient”. It
implies that barangay tanods are conducting patrol during
night time but they are not conducting patrol during holidays
and Sundays. Mrs. AlmiraManilay a street vendor mentioned
have been interviewed last October 2014and she said that she
always see the barangay tanods conducting patrol in the

barangay especially in the park but it’s from time to time
basis. She said at about every 2 hours the barangay tanods
conduct patrol.She also added that there are not conducting
patrol in the park.
While the Law enforcer and its auxiliary are conducting
patrol during daytime has the weighted mean of 2.60 with
descriptive rating of “efficient”. This shows that it is
frequently observed because barangay tanods are giving help
in the citizens of the barangay in daytime but they are not
imposing curfew during daytime. Mr Nino Maligaya a resident
asserted that the barangay tanods is efficient in morning
because they are giving help to person in need of help this
is from the interview made last October 2014.
There are sub indicators that received lowest rankings
there are the following first lowest in ranks has descriptive
rating of “not efficient” is received by the sub indicator
Law enforcer and its auxiliary are checking suspicious
vehicles along the park in the course of their patrol with a
weighted mean of 1.48. It implies that the law enforcer is
not well monitoring the suspicious vehicle in the course of
their patrol that theyare disregarding vehicles during
patrol. Mrs. Aida Exconde a vendor added have been interviewed
last October 2014 and she said that the barangay officials
are not checking suspicious vehicles where. They are just
letting them to park in the dark places of the park.
Second lowest in rank is the law enforcer and its
auxiliary are observing and monitoring public gatherings with
a weighted mean of 1.5 also received a descriptive
interpretation of “not efficient”. The barangay tanods are
not that much awarepublic gatherings they are not frequently
monitoring public gatherings. Mr. Elmer Tolentino a vendor
was interview last October 2014 and he said that in park added
that gathering of group of minors is sometimes the cause of
trouble along the park. The barangay tanods are not observing
the gatherings of group of minors happening in the park.
The sub indicator Law enforcer and its auxiliary are
conducting patrol during special events is the third lowest
in rank averaging a weighted mean of 1.77 with a descriptive
interpretation of “slightly efficient”. It shows that Law
enforcer and its auxiliary are sometimes not conducting
patrol during special events. In the interview to the
respondents last October2014 many of the respondents added
that this is the first thing they observed in the barangay
officials they are not around in the vicinity during special
events.
Fourth lowest in rank is sub indicator law enforcer and
its auxiliary are conducting patrol with proper equipment

received a descriptive interpretation of “slightly efficient”
with a weighted mean of 1.85. It implies that there is a lack
of equipment in the part of barangay tanods. According to the
respondents they observed that the barangay tanods only carry
a flashlight in conducting patrol. If ever there is
unnecessary thing happen what would they be able to do this
is from the interview made last October 2014.
Fifth lowest in rank has a Descriptive interpretation of
“slightly efficient” and a weighted mean of 1.92 have been
received by the sub indicator law enforcer and its auxiliary
are conducting patrol at the park. It implies that they are
not just focusing on the park they are more focusing in beside
the lake.According to the respondents in the interview last
October 2014 there are more crimes occurring beside the lake
because of the lack of lighting.
Sixth lowest in rank is sub indicator Law enforcer and
its auxiliary are checking all places along the park with a
weighted mean of 1.95 received descriptive interpretation of
“slightly efficient”. It connotes that There are checking all
the places but sometimes there are not well patience in
observing or checking the places. Hon. Ryan Magyawe a Brgy
councilor added that in their patrolling when he is in duty
it is strictly observed that they are checking all the places

in the vicinity to prevent the occurrences of crime this is
from the interview last October 2014.
Part III. Significant Difference On The Level Of Efficiency
Pablo City, Laguna in terms of a) Enforcement Of The Ordinance
b)Apprehension Of Violators and c)Conducting Patrol
Test of significant difference on the level of
efficiency on the implementation of curfew hours in Barangay
V-A San Pablo City, Laguna. Table 6 shows the relationship of
the main indicators of this study namely; enforcement of the
ordinance, apprehension of violators and conducting patrol.
The relationship between these three indicators was tested by
means of f-test method having a value of statistic at 3.88
and P-value at 0.022. This reject null hypothesis whereas α
having a value of 0.05 is more than the P-value of 0.022.This
reveals that the difference between the three indicators has
a significant difference. There is a significant relationship
the three indicators. Because of the difference on how the
authorities handle or manage in enforcing this curfew.
Table 5Significant Difference On The Level Of Efficiency Of
Law Enforcer And Its Auxiliary On Implementation Of Curfew
Hours
Source of Test Value of p-value Decision Interpretation
variation statistic the test
statistic
Enforcement
of the
ordinance
Vs.
Apprehensio
n of F-test/ 3.88 0.022 REJECT H.O significant
violators ANOVA
Vs.
Conducting
patrol
α= 0.05
In enforcing the ordinance they are neutral. In
conducting patrol there are slight efficient. While the
apprehension of violators there is a significant difference
on their level of efficiency. In there are not so efficient.
Because sometimes there forget about their duty when
apprehending violators. Like in informing the guardians of
the child who caught violates the curfew and sometimes there
must be a punishment that is open to the public eye. Some
respondents added that based on their observation the

ordinance is not strictly implemented. It must be implemented
strictly for the safety of their fellow residents.
In the collection of the data the findings are in the
age of the respondents the majority is belong to young in
terms of gender the majority is male with 67%. In their years
of residency the majority is from 18-34 years of living in
the barangay. In the enforcement of the ordinance it is
slightly efficient in the enforcement of the ordinance it is
observed that it is not strictly observed it based on the
assessment and interview than to the respondents.
Apprehension of violators is slightly efficient in
apprehending violators there is a lack of coordination
between the police and barangay official. Because it is
observed by the respondents that there are no police officers
joining the barangay officials in conducting patrol the part.
In conducting patrol is observed to be slightly efficient.

Chapter 4
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary and recommendations
from the data gathered in this study. In general, this study
the effectiveness of law enforcer and It’s auxiliary on the
implementation of curfew Hours in Barangay V-A San Pablo City,
Laguna.
Conclusions
Based from the findings of the study, the conclusions
are as follows;
1. The level of efficiency of law enforcer and it’s auxiliary
on implementation of curfew hours in Barangay V-A San Pablo
City Laguna as to the enforcement of the ordinance is
“slightly efficient”. The law enforcer is implementing the
curfew hours in the barangay however there are assessed by
the respondents to be slightly efficient in implementing it.
2. As to the apprehension of violators the law enforcer and
its auxiliary are “slightly efficient”. In implementing
curfew hours upon the apprehension of violators they are
assessed by the respondents not inflicting harm upon the
apprehended violators. The law enforcer and its auxiliary are
giving fair treatment and judgments to apprehended violators.
3. In conducting patrol the law enforcer and its auxiliary
have receive an interpretation of “slight efficient” they are

“slightly efficient” in conducting patrol at night and
daytime. There are observed that they conduct patrol from
daytime until night time. In despite of lacks of man power
and equipment they are performing their job in the best of
their ability
4. There is a significant different relationship between the
mean score of the respondents in the sub indicator questions
when it comes in the enforcement of ordinance, apprehension
of violators and conducting patrol. There is a significant
difference between the three indicators. As observe in the
indicators all of them received an overall descriptive
interpretation of “slightly efficient” there average weighted
mean are nearly from on over the other. But in the sub
indicators there is a difference because in indicator
enforcement of the ordinance its sub indicators received 5
“slightly efficient” sub indicators 2 “not efficient” 1
“efficient” in the indicator apprehension of violators its
sub indicators received 4 “slightly efficient” sub indicators
2 “not efficient” 2 “efficient” lastly the indicator
conducting patrol its sub indicators received 4 “slightly
efficient” sub indicators 2 “not efficient” 2 “efficient”.
We can say that there is a significant difference on the
indicators because of the result in its sub indicator because
both the sub indicators of indicators apprehension of

violators and conducting patrol has the same numbers of
“slightly efficient”, “efficient” and “not efficient”. But
when it comes to the indicator enforcement of the ordinance
there is a difference its sub indicator received a different
numbers of “slightly efficient”, “efficient” and “not
efficient”.
Recommendations
In the view of the findings and conclusions drawn from
the study, the researchers recommend the following: In the
enforcement of the ordinance the barangay officials must
inform the public about this ordinance. The barangay
officials itself might conduct seminars, coordinating
programs, projects and other activities that will give the
public knowledge about this ordinance.
1. In the apprehension of violators the barangay official and
police officer that apprehend the violator must inform the
proper authority/barangay when the apprehended violators is
not a resident of the said barangay. Parents and guardian
must also be inform about their child being apprehended. There
must be a communication between parents and barangay
officials
2. In conducting patrol, patrol officers must check all
possible areas where that crime might possibly occur
including the suspicious vehicles and monitoring public

gatherings must be check at all cost. In conducting patrol
barangay tanods must also coordinate in the police force and
request for police officers to help them in conducting patrol.
3. The law enforcer and its auxiliary must implement strictly
this curfew ordinance because the barangay has a territorial
jurisdiction of the most common attraction here in San Pablo
City. Therefore the flow of people is not measurable so there
are a higher chance of occurrences of a crimes in the vicinity
because of bystanders day and night time so we have to monitor
these place. To protect not only the residents but also the
tourist. The barangay officials must have a coordination to
the police for the request of man power.
4. There must a police officers and barangay tanod to be on
their post from time to time to be able to handle disputes
committed during the curfew hours. For them also to respond
in calls and needs of their citizen. They must also apprehend
violators regarding of his age.
A Proposed action plan for the enhancement of the level of
efficiency of law enforcer and its auxiliary on the
implementation of curfew hours at Barangay V-A San Pablo City
laguna.
I. Rationale of the plan

Curfew hour is a crime prevention tool used to prohibit
children or group of person to be outside in a regulated time.
Curfew at the local aspect in San Pablo City, Laguna the
curfew is implemented as per city ordinance no.56 series of
1981. Under this ordinance no one is allowed to go outdoors
after 10:00pm to 4:00 am daily whoever violates this ordinance
will be penalized by a fine not less than 50 pesos but not
more than 200 pesos or imprisonment of not more than 5 days
at the discretion of court.
II. Vision of the plan
To enhance the law enforcer and it’s auxiliary in their
implementation of curfew hours for them to be more efficient
in implementing this ordinance.
III. General Objective of the Plan
The plan is promulgated to prescribe the guidelines for
the conduct of activities of law enforcer and its auxiliary
for them to be more responsible and to be more efficient in
implementing the curfew ordinance. To ensure the preservation
of peace and order and preservation of lives and property.
IV. Situation analysis
Assessment shows the lacking of the law enforcer and its
auxiliary in the implementation of curfew hours.
Further, the lack of equipment of the barangay tanods in
conducting patrol they are not wearing proper uniforms

sometimes and they do not have equipments that may be useful
for them during night time and as a protection to their
selves.
Another is the lack of knowledge of the public about the
curfew ordinance. Majority of the residents do not have
knowledge about the curfew.
The insufficiency of man power became a problem in their
enforcement of curfew only the barangay tanods is the one
enforcing it there are no police officers helping them in
conducting patrol.
The lack of communication between the law enforcer and
its auxiliary. They do not have coordination with each other.
V. Responsibility and Implementation
Further to be plan to be enforce some agency are would
be in charge. A) The peace and order chairman at the barangay
level for the request for them to have a proper equipments,
B) The law enforcer and its auxiliary to conduct some seminars
and project for them to public to have enough information
about curfew and also for the both of them to have a
communication and coordination in each other, C) chairman and
chief of barangay tanod for them to distribute each personnel
in a designated places,
VI. Summary of the proposed action plan

The proposed action plan is composed of area of concern,
objectives of the plan, the agency or personnel in charge to
the plan for it to be implemented, the implementation on how
it will be implemented, the possible outcome of the plan and
the time frame where the plan need to be done.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Published Materials
Books
Adams, K. (2003). The Effectiveness of Juvenile Curfews at
Crime Prevention.The ANNALS ofthe American Academy of
Political and Social Science, 587(1), 136-159.
Akers, R.L., & Sellers C.S. (2009).Criminological Theories:
Introduction, Evaluation, andApplication. 5th edition.
New York: Oxford University Press.
Becker, H. (2006). Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of
Deviance. New York, NY: The Free Press.
Bennett, K., &Hemmens, G. (2004).Juvenile Curfews and the
Courts: Judicial Response to a Not-So-New Crime Control
Strategy. Crime and Delinquency, 45(1), 99-121.
Champion, D J. (2004). The Juvenile Justice System:
Delinquency, Processing and the Law. NewYork: Macmillan
Publishing Company.
Heilbrum, K., Sevin-Goldstein, N. E., & Redding, R.E. (2005)
Juvenile Delinquency: revention, Assessment, and
Intervention. New York: Oxford University Press.
Journals
Norton, D. (2007).Why Criminalize Children?Looking Beyond the
Express Policies Drivin Juvenile Curfew
Legislation. Legislation and Public Policy, 4(1), 175-
203.publishing.
Cole, D. (2004).The Effect of Curfew Law on Juvenile Crime in
Washington, D. C. AmericanJournal of Criminal Justice, 27,
217-232.
Freitas, S.L. (2006) After Midnight: The Constitutional
Status of Juvenile Ordinances in California. Hastings
Constitutional Law Quarterly, 24, 219-246
Sutphen, R., & Ford, J. (2008).The Effectiveness and
Enforcement of a Teen Curfew Law.
Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 28(1), 55-78.
Lemert,E J. (2006). Prevention and Control of Juvenile
Delinquency. 2ndedition. New York Oxford.
Ward, R. M. (2013). Comment: Constitutional Law -Police
Power – Municipal Ordinance –
Philadelphia Curfew Law. Villanova Law Review, 1, 51-63
News and Magazines
Imam C.O Manila Bulletin June 6, 2014
B. Unpublished materials
Calupas, Dazo, Maramot and Relator (2013) Efficiency on the
implementation of curfew hours in selected Barangays in
Dolores, Quezon
C. Electronic devices
Males M. (2013).Curfew as crime control.Retrieved from
http://www.studymode.com/effects-of-curfew.
DelavegaD. (2014).youth crime as a growing problem.
Retrieved from http://www.curfewclass.com
Welsh J. (2014). Juvenile crime rates. Retrievedfrom
http://www.gettysburgtimes.com/
Herbert T. (2014). Analysis of curfew.Retrieved from
http://www.curfewclass.com/analysis_of_curfew_laws.html
Noel C. (2012). Curfew to be enforced.Retrieved from
http://www.wacotrib.com/opinion/editorials.html
Franklin T. (2014).Curfew as a crime prevention tool.
Retrieved from http://westerncriminology .org

Appendix A
Republic of the Philippines
LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
San Pablo City Campus
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
Oct 9, 2014
Mr. Reynaldo Castaneda
Barangay Chairman
Brgy V-A San Pablo City
Dear Sir:
GREETINGS!
The undersigned is a 4th year BS Criminology student of the Laguna State

Polytechnic University-San Pablo City Campus and currently conducting a
research study with the title “Effectiveness of Law enforcer and it’s
Auxillary in Implementation of Curfew Hours in Barangay V-A San Pablo
City Laguna” in partial fulfillment for the subject of Criminological
Research.
In this regard, the researcher would like to ask permission to your good
office to conduct survey through questionnaire for the accomplishment of
the said study.
Any information accumulated will be treated with utmost confidentiality

and will be for educational purposes only.
Thank you very much for your support.
Respectfully yours,
PAULO U. CONCEPCION
Approved by:
Ms. Jennifer M. Nayoyos
Adviser
Noted by:
Crmgst. MARLON M.WANKEY
Associate Dean,CCJE
Appendix B
Questionnaire
CHECKLIST/QUESTIONNAIRE
I .Profile of respondents
Direction: Please fill in the necessary information or by
putting a check mark (√) the options provided that gives your
personal information.
Name (Optional_______________________
Age:_________________
Gender: ( ) Male ( ) Female
Number of years of residency
( ) 1-5
( ) 6-10
( ) 11 and above
Direction:
This is an assessment on the “Effectiveness of Law
Enforcer and its Auxiliary on the Implementation of Curfew
Hours in Barangay V-A,San Pablo City “. Kindly rank the
different variables below about the implementation of curfew
hours in Barangay V-A,San Pablo City Laguna.
Please read each item carefully and put a check mark (√)
in the appropriate column that corresponds to your answer.
Please do not leave any single item unanswered (Unless it is
not applicable to you). Thank you so much to your honesty and
patience in answering the items below.
Statistical Limit Qualitative Description
3.25-4.00 Very Efficient (VE)
2.50-3.24 Efficient (E)
1.75-2.49 Slightly Efficient (SE)
1.00-1.74 Not Efficient (NE)
II. Implementation of curfew in Barangay V-A San Pablo City
Indicators VE E SE NE
4
3 2 1
A. Enforcement of the ordinance
1. Law enforcer and it’s auxiliary

implements the curfew hours
2. Law enforcer and its auxiliary are
monitoring violators.

handling violators.

monitoring crime prone areas.

settling disputes committed during curfew
hours.
6. Law enforcer and its auxiliary is
giving warning about the regulated time
given of the ordinance.

informing the public about the ordinance.
8. Law enforcer and its auxiliary

implement the curfew hours as neutral.
B. Apprehension of violators
1. Law enforcer and its auxiliary

implement of fines and penalties.

giving fair judgement to violators.

handling apprehended minor violator.

handling apprehended adult violator.

apprehending violators without harm or
violence inflicted.

giving fair treatment in apprehended
violators.

informing proper Barangay authority if
apprehended violators are not a resident of
the said Barangay.

informing the parents/guardians of
apprehended minor violators.
C. Conducting patrol
conducting patrol at night time.

conducting patrol during daytime.

conducting patrol during special events.

conducting patrol at the park.

conducting patrol with proper equipment.

checking all places along the park.

checking suspicious vehicles along the park
in the course of their patrol.

observing and monitoring public gatherings.
Appendix C
Total distribution of respondents as to indicators
Responde Age Gender Number of Enforcemen Apprehens Conduct Total

nts years of t of the ion of ing
residency ordinance violators patrol
R1 20 1 20 19 24 18 61
R2 33 1 33 15 23 17 55
R3 31 1 20 14 17 12 43
R4 18 2 5 16 12 22 50
R5 53 2 10 18 17 19 54
R6 46 1 43 11 17 16 44
R7 19 1 19 19 21 20 60
R8 22 1 22 18 15 20 53
R9 27 1 14 18 18 13 49
R10 30 2 30 18 17 15 50
R11 20 2 13 15 19 14 48
R12 24 1 24 15 19 14 48
R13 35 2 20 13 16 12 41
R14 22 1 12 13 16 12 41
R15 21 1 21 18 16 15 49
R16 43 1 43 16 18 14 48
R17 51 2 49 13 20 17 50
R18 48 1 48 22 17 17 56
R19 43 2 43 18 20 17 55
R20 27 2 37 19 16 16 51
R21 31 1 31 18 21 22 61
R22 38 1 33 17 19 15 51
R23 23 1 23 20 19 19 58
R24 27 1 27 15 16 16 47
R25 31 1 31 19 17 19 55
R26 36 1 36 32 32 32 96
R27 20 2 20 20 18 20 58
R28 24 2 24 14 21 18 53
R29 29 1 9 18 19 15 42
R30 33 1 33 18 22 14 54
R31 51 1 51 20 20 17 57
R32 49 1 49 17 22 16 55
R33 44 1 32 16 16 13 45
R34 20 1 1 8 8 8 24
R35 21 2 21 17 20 15 52
R36 34 1 34 18 21 14 53
R37 47 1 47 16 19 13 48
R38 18 1 18 18 19 13 40
R39 44 1 22 16 19 14 49
R40 38 1 28 17 19 8 44
R41 25 1 2 16 8 14 38
R42 47 2 27 20 17 14 51
R43 20 2 20 11 22 16 49
R44 20 2 20 16 16 15 47
R45 36 2 13 15 12 12 39
R46 18 1 18 13 17 12 42
R47 26 1 20 16 18 17 51
R48 32 1 32 15 19 16 50
R49 22 2 22 15 8 8 31
R50 45 2 1 8 8 13 29
R51 38 1 38 19 12 20 51
R52 41 1 21 14 24 17 55
R53 52 1 52 16 23 22 61
R54 44 2 34 16 18 22 56
R55 37 1 1 13 8 8 29
R56 20 2 18 22 22 14 58
R57 35 1 35 16 16 17 49
R58 45 1 45 13 13 16 39
R59 27 1 27 15 17 15 47
R60 33 2 33 8 21 16 45
Legend
Gender: 1= Male 2= Female

Concepcion, Paulo
One-way ANOVA: E. O, A.V, C.P
Source DF SS MS F P
Factor 2 125.2 62.6 3.88 0.022
Error 177 2854.0 16.1
Total 179 2979.2
S = 4.015 R-Sq = 4.20% R-Sq(adj) = 3.12%
Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on

Pooled StDev
Level N Mean StDev -------+---------+---------+---------+--
E. O 60 16.317 3.671 (--------*-------)
A.V 60 17.733 4.380 (--------*-------)
C.P 60 15.750 3.964 (-------*--------)
-------+---------+---------+---------+--
15.6 16.8 18.0 19.2
Pooled StDev = 4.015
Tukey 95% Simultaneous Confidence Intervals

All Pairwise Comparisons
Individual confidence level = 98.07%
E. O subtracted from:
Lower Center Upper ---------+---------+---------+---------+

A.V -0.315 1.417 3.148 (--------*--------)
C.P -2.298 -0.567 1.165 (-------*--------)
---------+---------+---------+---------+
-2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0
A.V subtracted from:
Lower Center Upper ---------+---------+---------+---------+

C.P -3.715 -1.983 -0.252 (--------*--------)
---------+---------+---------+---------+
-2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DETAILS/INFORMATION
Name: Paulo U. Concepcion
Date of Birth: AUG 21 1994
Place of Birth: Manila Muntinlupa
Address:25a mabiniextBrgy V-A San Pablo
City
Permanent Address;25amabiniextBrgy V-A
San Pablo City
Height: 173 cm
Weight: 75 kg
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Father:
Occupation:
Name of Mother: Emma Concepcion
Occupation: Housewife
Educational Attainment
Tertiary: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
2011-in progress
Laguna State Polytechnic University – San Pablo City
Campus
Brgy. Del Remedio, San Pablo City, Laguna
Secondary: (2007-2011)
(CoL.Laro D. Dizon Memorial National High School)
(Mabini ST San Pablo City)
Primary: (2001-2007)
(San Pablo Central School)
(San Pablo City)
TRAININGS/SEMINARS ATTENDED
September, 2012 5th Annual Conference of Criminology and Political
Science Students of te Philippines
(Address where the Trainings/Seminars Attended)
ON-THE-JOB TRAININGS
January 14-24, 2015 DSWD-San Pablo City

Jan 26- Feb 06, 2015 PNP - San Pablo City Police Station
Brgy. V, San Pablo City, Laguna
Feb 09-28, 2015 Bureau of Fire and Protection

San Pablo City
March 02- 14, 2015 Commission on Human Rights

Region IV Office
I hereby certify that the above information are true and correct to the best
of my knowledge.
Paulo U. Concepcion

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EFFICIENCY OF LAW ENFORCER AND IT’S AUXILIARY ON THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF CURFEW HOURS IN BARANGAY V-A

SAN PABLO CITY, LAGUNA

Faculty of the College of Criminal

Justice Education, Laguna State Polytechnic

University, San Pablo City Campus,

San Pablo City

the Requirements for the Degree of

LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

Approved and accepted by the committee on oral

Ms. RICHIE ROSAS S. VELASQUEZ MARLON M. WANKEY,MSCJ

Mr. DARWIN Z. REYES ARLENE P. MADRIO, M.A

MARLON M. WANKEY, MSCJ

November_2014 MARLON M. WANKEY, MSCJ

ELISA N. CHUA, Ph. D.

The study is design to determine the effectiveness of law

enforcer and it’s auxiliary on the implementation of curfew

into the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of

A) Age, b) Gender, c) number of years of residency; the level

of efficiency of Law Enforcer and its Auxiliary in the

implementation of curfew hours in Barangay V-A San Pablo City

Laguna in terms of; A) enforcement of the ordinance, B)

apprehension of violators and C) conducting patrol. Is there

a significant difference on the level of efficiency in the

implementation of curfew hours in Barangay V-A San Pablo City

Laguna relative to enforcement of the ordinance apprehension

of violators conducting patrol. Based on the result, the

following are the findings of the study. Majority of the

respondents belong to age 18-30 age brackets. The results

indicate that the numbers of respondents selected are mostly

male. With regards to the number years of residency most of

them is 18-34 years resident of the said barangay. In the

Level of efficiency of law enforcer and It’s auxiliary on the

implementation of curfew Hours in Barangay V-A San Pablo City,

Laguna. A) Enforcement of the ordinance revealed an overall

weighted mean of 2.39 with a descriptive rating of overall

weighted mean of 2.39 with a descriptive rating of slightly

weighted mean of 2.18 with descriptive rating of slightly

efficient. C) Conducting patrol revealed an overall weighted

mean of 1.97 with a descriptive rating of slightly efficient.

C) Significant difference on the level of efficiency on the

implementation of curfew hours in Baraga V-A San Pablo City,

Laguna. Using the F-test or ANOVA, the result of the value of

the test statistic is 3.88 and the P-value is 0.022, this

reject null hypothesis which means it has significant

difference. Based from the result of the study, it can be

concluded that: there is a significant difference on the level

of effectiveness of law enforcer and it’s auxiliary on the

implementation of curfew hours in Baraga V-A San Pablo City,

Laguna. From the salient findings of the study the conclusions

are as follows; A)The level of efficiency of law enforcer and

it’s auxiliary on implementation of curfew hours in Barangay

V-A San Pablo City Laguna as to the enforcement of the

ordinance is “slightly efficient”. The law enforcer is

implementing the curfew hours in the barangay however there

are assessed by the respondents to be slightly efficient in

implementing it. B) As to the apprehension of violators the