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    Ins Important Questions

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    This document contains summaries of key concepts and examples from 5 modules on cryptography: 1. The first module covers Caesar ciphers, transposition ciphers, one-time pads, concepts of confusion and diffusion, categories of ciphers, cryptanalysis taxonomy, differences between substitution/transposition ciphers and symmetric/asymmetric ciphers. 2. The second module discusses birthday problems and hashes, Tiger hash, secret sharing schemes, random number generation, properties of cryptographic hashes, and birthday attacks. 3. The third module examines freshness mechanisms, dynamic passwords, cryptographic protocol components, the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol, protocol design challenges and process. 4. The fourth module describes

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    Ins Important Questions

    Uploaded by

    Sanjana
    366 views3 pages
    This document contains summaries of key concepts and examples from 5 modules on cryptography: 1. The first module covers Caesar ciphers, transposition ciphers, one-time pads, concepts of confusion and diffusion, categories of ciphers, cryptanalysis taxonomy, differences between substitution/transposition ciphers and symmetric/asymmetric ciphers. 2. The second module discusses birthday problems and hashes, Tiger hash, secret sharing schemes, random number generation, properties of cryptographic hashes, and birthday attacks. 3. The third module examines freshness mechanisms, dynamic passwords, cryptographic protocol components, the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol, protocol design challenges and process. 4. The fourth module describes

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    This document contains summaries of key concepts and examples from 5 modules on cryptography: 1. The first module covers Caesar ciphers, transposition ciphers, one-time pads, concepts of confusion and diffusion, categories of ciphers, cryptanalysis taxonomy, differences between substitution/transposition ciphers and symmetric/asymmetric ciphers. 2. The second module discusses birthday problems and hashes, Tiger hash, secret sharing schemes, random number generation, properties of cryptographic hashes, and birthday attacks. 3. The third module examines freshness mechanisms, dynamic passwords, cryptographic protocol components, the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol, protocol design challenges and process. 4. The fourth module describes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    366 views3 pages

    Ins Important Questions

    Uploaded by

    Sanjana
    This document contains summaries of key concepts and examples from 5 modules on cryptography: 1. The first module covers Caesar ciphers, transposition ciphers, one-time pads, concepts of confusion and diffusion, categories of ciphers, cryptanalysis taxonomy, differences between substitution/transposition ciphers and symmetric/asymmetric ciphers. 2. The second module discusses birthday problems and hashes, Tiger hash, secret sharing schemes, random number generation, properties of cryptographic hashes, and birthday attacks. 3. The third module examines freshness mechanisms, dynamic passwords, cryptographic protocol components, the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol, protocol design challenges and process. 4. The fourth module describes

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    of 3

    Module 1

    1. Given the Caesar’s cipher, find the plain text for the cipher text
    DQWUDUHSVSRQJERHER (Ans – Shift = 3)
    2. Encrypt the message “We are all together” using a double transposition cipher with 4
    rows and 4 columns, using the row permutation (1, 2, 3, 4)  (2, 4, 1, 3) and column
    permutation (1, 2, 3, 4)  (3, 1, 2, 4). (Ans – Page 26 and 27)
    3. Justify that one time pad is provably secure. Also give the reason why we cannot use
    the key twice. (Ans – Page 27 and 31)
    4. Define (i) Confusion (ii) Diffusion (Ans – Page 39, 2nd paragraph)
    5. Explain three broad categories of cipher (Ans – Page 40 and 41)
    6. Give the taxonomy of cryptanalysis (Ans – Page 41 and 42)
    7. Differentiate between
    a. Substitution and transposition cipher (Ans – Explain Simple substitution and
    Double transposition cipher)
    b. Symmetric and Asymmetric cipher (Ans – Symmetric cipher uses same key for
    encryption and decryption, while Asymmetric cipher uses a public key and
    private key for encryption and decryption)
    c. Block and Stream cipher (Ans – Page 40, 2nd and 3rd paragraph)
    d. Cryptography and Cryptanalysis (Ans – Page 20)
    e. Plain text and Cipher text (Ans – Page 20, 1st paragraph)
    8. Using the letter encodings in the table, the following two cipher texts were encrypted
    with the one-time pad “KHHLTK” and “KTHLLE”
    Letter E H I K L R S T
    Binary 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111

    Find all possible plain text for each message and the corresponding one time pad for
    the key 111 101 110 101 111 100 (Ans – Page 27, follow the procedure)

    9. Explain
    a. Code book Cipher (Ans – Page 32)
    b. Ciphers of the election 1876 (Ans – Page 35)
    10. Define (i) Confidentiality (ii) Integrity (iii) Availability (Ans – Page 2)
    (iv) State Kerckhoff’s principle (Ans – Page 21)
    Module 2
    1. Elaborate birthday problem and correlate it with hash functions (Ans – Page 128
    and 129)
    2. Justify that Tiger hash is fast and secure, elaborating its working principle (Ans –
    Page 132 to 136)
    3. Discuss different schemes used in secret sharing with special reference to key
    Escrow (Ans – Page 142 to 145(Secret sharing, Key Escrow, Visual cryptography))
    4. Mention the significance of generating proper random numbers, with special
    reference to Texas Hold’em Poker (Ans – Page 145 to 148(Random numbers,
    Texas Hold’em Poker, Generating random bits))
    5. What is a cryptographic hash function? Explain the properties of Hash function.
    (Ans – Page 126 and 127)
    6. Illustrate the birthday attack with example (Ans – Page 129 and 130)
    7. Explain uses for hash functions. (Ans – Page 139 to 141)

    Module 3
    1. Explain different types of freshness mechanisms. (Ans – Page 260 to 265)
    2. Explain dynamic password scheme with an example. (Ans – Page 273 to 276)
    3. List the components of cryptographic protocol. (Ans – Page 288 to 289)
    4. Explain about Deffie – Hellaman key agreement protocol. (Ans – Page 311 to 318)
    5. Differentiate between hardware based and software based non deterministic
    generators. (Ans – Page 256 and 257)
    6. Explain the challenges involved in protocol design. (Ans – Page 290 to 291)
    7. Explain the stages involved in protocol design. (Ans – Page 289 to 290)
    8. Explain the components of cryptographic protocol. (Ans – Page 288 to 289)
    9. Illustrate the analysis of candidate protocols 1 and 2. (Ans – Page 295 to 299) Also
    demonstrate how Reflection Attack takes place using another candidate protocol
    3. (Ans – Page 300 to 302)
    10. What are the problems with passwords? Explain cryptographic password
    protection. (Ans – Page 270 to 272)
    Module 4
    1. Briefly explain the key life cycle. (Ans – Page 328)
    2. Explain different types of key generation in detail. (Ans – Page 335 to 339)
    3. Explain different public key management modules in detail. (Ans – Page 390 to
    396)
    4. Briefly explain the concept of IDPKC. (Ans – Page 399 to 402)
    5. Explain the key storage risk factors. (Ans – Page 355 to 357)
    6. Illustrate X.509 public key certificates. (Ans – Page 380 to 382)
    7. Explain the certificate life cycle. (Ans – Page 383 to 389)
    8. Explain key storage in hardware. (Ans – Page 353 to 355)

    Module 5
    1. Explain how cryptography is used in SSL. (Ans – Page 412 to 413, SSL security
    requirements, Cryptography used in SSL)
    2. Discuss about SSL protocols. (Ans – Page 414 to 418)
    3. List the design and security issues in SSL. (Ans – Page 420 and 421)
    4. Explain about cryptography use in magnetic stripe cards. (Ans – Page 446 to 448)
    5. Discuss in detail, cryptography for home users with respect to file protection
    email security. (Ans – Page 474 to 480)
    6. Explain briefly the application of cryptography on the internet. (Ans – Page 411 to
    421)
    7. Illustrate how cryptography is useful for EMV card transactions. (Ans – Page 448
    to 452)
    8. Explain the application of cryptography for secure payment card transactions.
    (Ans – Page 444 to 455)
    9. Describe the use of cryptography in eID cards and also explain its security and
    design issues. (Ans – Page 463 to 474 )

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