This document provides information on various microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It discusses pathogens that cause diseases like strep throat, diphtheria, gonorrhea, anthrax, and more. It also describes various microbiology tests used to identify microbes, such as gram staining, culture-based tests, antigen detection assays, and nucleic acid amplification tests. Furthermore, it provides details on microbial structures, virulence factors, and the sites of infection for some important pathogens.
This document provides information on various microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It discusses pathogens that cause diseases like strep throat, diphtheria, gonorrhea, anthrax, and more. It also describes various microbiology tests used to identify microbes, such as gram staining, culture-based tests, antigen detection assays, and nucleic acid amplification tests. Furthermore, it provides details on microbial structures, virulence factors, and the sites of infection for some important pathogens.
This document provides information on various microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It discusses pathogens that cause diseases like strep throat, diphtheria, gonorrhea, anthrax, and more. It also describes various microbiology tests used to identify microbes, such as gram staining, culture-based tests, antigen detection assays, and nucleic acid amplification tests. Furthermore, it provides details on microbial structures, virulence factors, and the sites of infection for some important pathogens.
This document provides information on various microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It discusses pathogens that cause diseases like strep throat, diphtheria, gonorrhea, anthrax, and more. It also describes various microbiology tests used to identify microbes, such as gram staining, culture-based tests, antigen detection assays, and nucleic acid amplification tests. Furthermore, it provides details on microbial structures, virulence factors, and the sites of infection for some important pathogens.
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PRE 1 MICROBIOLOGY Glomerulonephritis and Rheumatic fever
-diseases usually preceded by infection with beta-
Listeria monocytogenes hemolytic Streptococcus. -(+) CAMP Test: “block-type” hemolysis o Molecular mimicry, antigen of Streptococcus is similar to the antigen for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae the surface of glomerulus and heart. -primary cause of erysipeloid (res skin infection) -“pipe cleaner” or “test tube brush” appearance at Schick’s Test 22oC in gelatin stab culture. -test for Corynebacterium diphtheria/Kleb- Loffler Bacillus Clostridium perfringens o Ascoli Test: Bacillus anthracis -normal flora of GIT o Montoux Test: Mycobacterium TB o Dick’s Test: Steptococcus pyogenes Neisseria gonorrhoeae -in direct grams stain, often appears intracellularly Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy) in neutrophils -presumptive diagnosis is the detection of weakly o CHO Utilization Test: standard test for the AFB in infected tissue. identification of N. gonorrhoeae. o Endocervical culture: used for the diagnosis Chlamydia trachomatis of N. gonorrhoeae in female. -causative agent for Fitz- Hugh- Curtis syndrome -Trachoma, Halbertstadler- Prowazek inclusion Beta-galatosidase and beta-galactoside bodies permease -are enzymes necessary for bacterium to take up Through inhalation, fungal isolation by lactose laboratory workers may exhibit systemic Beta-galatosidase- hydrolyzes lactose into infection. glucose and galactose beta-galactoside permease- facilitates the SIM Sulfide Indole Motility Test entry of lactose molecule through the -Black color formation, pink or wine colored ringand bacterial cell wall. spread away from stab. o Late lactose fermenters- lack beta- galactoside permease. Solid phase RIA and ELISA o ONPG Test- detect if bacteria can utilize -routine laboratory procedure for the detection of lactose HBV in blood. (+) E. coli (yellow colored) (-) P. vulgaris Human embryonic lung or human foreskin TSIA: 10:10:1 (lactose, sucrose, and fibroblasts glucose) -human diploid fibroblast cell line culture where -should be read within 24 hours of CMV is isolated. incubation Indicators: ++-- : E. coli reaction in IMViC pH- phenol red o Grows at 45-50OC H2S- ferrous sulfate and sodium thiosulfate o TSIA A/A +gas –H2S
Mycoplasma Trichophyton tonsurans
-lacks cell wall, therefore, they are resistant to -black dot ringworm, affects the hair shaft antibiotics (attacks call wall). o Microsporum audouinii & M. ferrigineum -gray patch ringworm Haemophilus influenzae -major cause of conjunctivitis Trichophyton schoenleinii -causes Tinea favosa, infection of the hair follicle. Trichophyton concentricum M Protein -cause Tinea imbricata -virulence factor for Streptococcus pneumonia
Candida albicans Enterovirus
-germ tube -smallest RNA virus S. aureus, N. gonorrhoeae, S. pneumoniae Aeromonas -microorganisms that produce V factor -causative agent of Nebulous syndrome Differential Culture Media Staphylococcus aureus in MSA -allow the visualization of metabolic differences -colonies with yellow halo between groups of bacteria. o MSA Manitol Salt Agar Indicator: phenol red 0 CFU/ml o Bound coagulase is detected in S. aureus on -colony count in a suprapubic urine of a healthy Latex Agglutination test (slide method). person. o Free Coagulase- tube method is utilize. Gallbladder Sorbitol -site of long term carriage of Salmonella typhi. -component of MAC used for screening suspected o Typhoid fever cases of hemorrhagic E. coli O15:H7 (sorbitol (-), -appearance of “rose-spot” clear of colorless colonies). Quality control Streptococcus epidermidis o Autoclave: every week: -indwelling catheters o B. stearothermophilus o Centrifuge: Twice a year: Tachometer HACEK o Microscope: 4x a year Haemophilus aphrophilus -“foam loving” Martin-Lewis medium component: Aggregatibacter actinomyctemcomitans o Vancomycin- inhibits gram (+) bacteria -“star-shaped” appearance o Colistin- inhibits gram (-) bacteria, but Cardiobacterium hominis not the genus Neisseria. -only indole (+) HACEK, rosette formation o Trimethoprim lactate- prevents Eikinella corrodens swarming -sharp bleach odor o Anisomycin Kingella spp. Nystatin (anti-fungal) is -resist decolorization substituted by Anisomycin. Absent in TMA Vibrio cholera -ML medium has an increased vancomycin -AKA: Comma shaped bacillus concentration. o String Test reagent: 0.5% sodium desoxycholate Hemolytic Pattern -basis for Smith and Brown classification of Double Sugar Iron Agar/Krigler Iron Agar Streptococcus. -lactose and glucose 0.025% SPS Poxviridae -used for a blood culture media because Neisseria -largest DNA virus spp. and some anaerobic bacteria are sensitive to higher temperature. Nucleus and Cytoplasm Inhibit phagocytosis and complement -site for virion assembly activation Neutralize aminoglycoside antibiotics Neutralize the bacterial effect of plasma Adrenal -site where hemorrhage known as Waterhouse- Urine Antigen Test Friderichsen syndome is produced by the LOS -detects Legionella pneumophila as early as 3 days endotoxin complex. from infection. Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar Klebsiella and Enterobacter -preferred medium for L. pneumophila -only capsulated member of Enterobacteriaceae. Anthrax Infection Hyaluronidase Cutaneous Anthrax -spreading factor Pulmonary/Woolsorter’s disease Gastrointestinal Anthrax Dog bitewound infection -caused by S. intermidius Ixodes tick (Hard tick) -vector of Lime disease Secondary syphilis -vast dissemination of infection Weil syndrome or Icteric leptospirosis -caused by Lestospira Hemeadsorption assay -for influenza A Clostridium tetani Throat swab: for sample collection of -“lollipop-shaped” spore Influenza infection Malassezia furfur is lipophilic 1:10 ratio -for blood and agar Human Papilloma Virus -causes anogenital warts Nucleus and cytoplasm -site of virion assembly Mycoplasma pneumoniae -causes primary atypical pneumonia or walking Yellow pneumonia -color for a (+) result of sucrose fermentation in TCBS. Alastrim -mild form of smallpox Salmonella species -non lactose fermenters Sputum sample -prior to collection, the patient should rinse hir/her Burkholderia mallei mouth with sterile water. -causative agent of Farcy disease o Criteria for sputum: <10 squamous epithelial cell and >25 bacteria/hpf Bicarbonate Agar -for Bacillus anthracis capsule formation. Mycobacterium africanum -requires the use of spoligotyping 40% KOH & 1% α-naphthol -reagents for Voges-Proskauer Tuberculosis “Consumption” Disease of the respiratory tract Undulant Fever Reactivation is possible -caused by Brucella Can survive inside the macrophage: -it is characterized by normal temperature in the Ghon complex morning and then followed by high temperature in o Von- Pirquet Test the afternoon and evening. -scratch test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Specimen collection for viral isolation is kept at o Rifampin- primary drug for TB 4oC o Pott’s Disease- TB of spine