Capstone LR

1
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ANTI-MICROBIAL EFFICACY OF ARATILES
LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST
ERWINIA HERBICOLA
Presented to the Faculty Members of Senior High School in
Christ the King College of Science and Technology
In partial Fulfillment in Research/Capstone Project
Mr. Kim Roger E. Alangcao
Submitted by:
Luyahan, Brian C.
Rivera, Nicole B.
2019
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Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
In the 21st century, the emergence of various types of human ailments are
globally become a major burden. Herbal plants are sources of visible treatment for
various diseases. We, the researchers, noticed that Aratiles trees are often seen around
in Muntinlupa, people seem to forgot that this tree possess several uses and benefits.
Muntingia calabura is known throughout the world as “Jamaican cherry” and
in the Philippines, it is known as “Aratiles”. Erwinia herbicola (P. agglomerans), is a
pervasive bacteria found in plants surfaces, seeds, fruits, animal and human feces.
Stuart Jr. (2017) concluded that Muntingia calabura is the same as antibiotics
and has a potent polar component of antibacterial compound. According to Walterson
et al., (2015) recent evidences revealed that bacterium Erwinia herbicola contributes
in nosocomial environment. Based on Haider (2015) aratiles fruit holds antibacterial
compound and is an effective treatment for Staph infections, S. Epidermis, P.
vulgaris, K. Rhizophil, C. Diptheriae and other bacteria.
A study revealed that its leaves have enormous therapeutic potential, and so,
the researchers aims\ to expand its uses and test its efficacy against Erwinia herbicola.
The main goal of this study is to test the anti-microbial efficacy of Aratiles leaves
extract against Erwinia herbicola.

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Scientific Problem
The researchers of the study wants to test the anti-bacterial activity of aratiles
leaves extract against a specific bacteria, namely as Erwinia herbicola. The
researchers want to know the answer in the following questions:
1. What will be the significant influence of using Aratiles leaves extract on
Erwinia herbicola?
2. How long would it take for the Aratiles leaves extract to eliminate Erwinia
herbicola?
3. How does the aratiles leaves extract kill Erwinia herbicola?
4. What are the chemical components of aratiles leaves that may affect the
bacteria?
Formulation of the Hypothesis
By the given problems, the following hypotheses were tested in the research:
1. There is a significant influence of using Aratiles leaves extract against Erwinia
herbicola.
2. Aratiles leaves extract can terminate Erwinia herbicola in a short period of
time.
3. There is a chemical in the aratiles leaves that can kill Erwinia herbicola.
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Significance of the Study
The following individuals/organizations are the beneficiaries of this study:
People. They are the ones who are directly involved with ailments and infections.
Environment. With the result of this study, uses of aratiles leaves may be expanded
and can be used as a possible anti-bacterial herb.
Botany. The idea that the leaves possess an anti-bacterial property will be beneficial.
Manufacturer/Entrepreneurs. The result of this study may serve as a basis in
making an effective alternative product.
Future Researchers. The outcome of the study may serve as a basis for further
studies or for possible anti-bacterial product.
Scope and Delimitations
The main goal of this study is to know the anti-microbial efficacy of M.
calabura (Elaeocarpaceae) leaves against Erwinia herbicola (P. agglomerans). This
study is designed to provide future researchers with a potential herbal medicine
against infectious diseases. The materials and equipment to be used in this study are
the following: aratiles leaves, nutrient agar, erwinia herbicola, cheesecloth, blender,
petri dishes, beakers, refrigerator, sterile swab, dropper and ruler. By the following
materials and equipment, the researchers used Kirby Bauer test to determine the zone
of inhibition of the said extract against the given bacteria. The main source of
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Muntingia calabura leaves, which will be needed in the study, will be on the Hyacinth
Street Greenheights, Putatan. This study will be conducted with limited amount of
time and financial resources. The statistical treatment to be used in the study is t-test.
This study will be conducted within November 2019 to February 2020.
Definition of Terms
Dictionary-derived definitions
Ailments. A sickness or illness.
Alternative. Existing or functioning outside of the established society.
Burden. To make (someone) hold or carry something heavy or accept or deal with
something difficult: to put a heavy burden on (someone).
Eliminate. To remove (something that is not wanted or needed): to get rid of
(something).
Emergence. The act of becoming known or coming into view: the act of emerging.
Enormous. Very great in size or amount.
Nosocomial. Acquired or occurring in a hospital.
Pervasive. Existing in every part of something: spreading to all parts of something.
Polar. Completely different or opposite.
Potent. Achieving or bringing about a particular result.

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Potential. Capable of becoming real.
Terminate. To cause (something) to end.
Therapeutic. Producing good effects on your body or mind.
Various. Used to refer to several different or many different things, people, etc.
Operational definitions
Ailments. Human body disorder, condition or disease; infectious and non-infectious.
Alternative. Different from the usual and existing treatments.
Burden. Increase of human diseases have globally become oppressive or worrisome.
Eliminate. To kill the specific bacteria.
Emergence. The growth or increase in number or amount of ailments.
Enormous. To have a great chance in being medically effective.
Nosocomial. Bacteria that can acquire in the hospital through interaction or in the
environment.
Pervasive. Can be found in.
Polar. Different components but same function.
Potent. Same outcome.
Potential. Possibility of producing a useful or favorable effect.

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Terminate. To kill the specific bacteria.
Therapeutic. To have a beneficial effect to cure or treat human disease.
Various. Types of human ailments that differ from each other.

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1

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

ANTI-MICROBIAL EFFICACY OF ARATILES

LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST

Presented to the Faculty Members of Senior High School in

Christ the King College of Science and Technology

In partial Fulfillment in Research/Capstone Project

Mr. Kim Roger E. Alangcao

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Muntingia calabura is known throughout the world as “Jamaican cherry” and

in the Philippines, it is known as “Aratiles”. Erwinia herbicola (P. agglomerans), is a

and has a potent polar component of antibacterial compound. According to Walterson

in nosocomial environment. Based on Haider (2015) aratiles fruit holds antibacterial

compound and is an effective treatment for Staph infections, S. Epidermis, P.

vulgaris, K. Rhizophil, C. Diptheriae and other bacteria.

extract against Erwinia herbicola.

leaves extract against a specific bacteria, namely as Erwinia herbicola. The

researchers want to know the answer in the following questions:

1. What will be the significant influence of using Aratiles leaves extract on

3. How does the aratiles leaves extract kill Erwinia herbicola?

Formulation of the Hypothesis

1. There is a significant influence of using Aratiles leaves extract against Erwinia

2. Aratiles leaves extract can terminate Erwinia herbicola in a short period of

Significance of the Study

The following individuals/organizations are the beneficiaries of this study:

and can be used as a possible anti-bacterial herb.

Manufacturer/Entrepreneurs. The result of this study may serve as a basis in

making an effective alternative product.

studies or for possible anti-bacterial product.

Scope and Delimitations

The main goal of this study is to know the anti-microbial efficacy of M.

calabura (Elaeocarpaceae) leaves against Erwinia herbicola (P. agglomerans). This

study is designed to provide future researchers with a potential herbal medicine

This study will be conducted within November 2019 to February 2020.

Ailments. A sickness or illness.

Alternative. Existing or functioning outside of the established society.

something difficult: to put a heavy burden on (someone).

Eliminate. To remove (something that is not wanted or needed): to get rid of

Enormous. Very great in size or amount.

Nosocomial. Acquired or occurring in a hospital.

Pervasive. Existing in every part of something: spreading to all parts of something.

Polar. Completely different or opposite.

Potent. Achieving or bringing about a particular result.

Potential. Capable of becoming real.

Terminate. To cause (something) to end.

Therapeutic. Producing good effects on your body or mind.

Ailments. Human body disorder, condition or disease; infectious and non-infectious.

Alternative. Different from the usual and existing treatments.

Burden. Increase of human diseases have globally become oppressive or worrisome.

Eliminate. To kill the specific bacteria.

Emergence. The growth or increase in number or amount of ailments.

Enormous. To have a great chance in being medically effective.

Pervasive. Can be found in.

Polar. Different components but same function.

Potent. Same outcome.

Potential. Possibility of producing a useful or favorable effect.

Terminate. To kill the specific bacteria.

Therapeutic. To have a beneficial effect to cure or treat human disease.