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IJQRM
25,3 An overview on reliability,
availability, maintainability and
supportability (RAMS)
330
engineering
Received June 2006
Revised February 2007
S. Saraswat and G.S. Yadava
Accepted May 2007 Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of RAMS engineering in industry and
research.
Design/methodology/approach – A range of research articles (1988-2005) covering RAMS
engineering is discussed to provide a practical and theoretical overview of RAMS engineering in
industry and research.
Findings – The paper provides information about the current scenario and also about the past
scenario of RAMS engineering in research and industry.
Research limitations/implications – This paper reviews much of the literature on RAMS
engineering. The literature is collected from major journals and conference proceedings, the period
covered is from 1988 to 2005. The authors have tried to make it reasonably comprehensive, but those
papers which are not included were either inadvertently overlooked or considered peripheral to this
survey. In the present work the authors have only considered those articles which have included two
or more aspects of RAMS.
Practical implications – The paper is a very useful source of information for researchers working
in the area of RAMS engineering.
Originality/value – This paper offers help to researchers in understanding the current and past
status of RAMS.
Keywords Maintenance, Research, Reliability management
Paper type General review
1. Introduction
Modern technology has developed a tendency to design and manufacture equipment
and systems of greater capital cost, sophistication, complexity, and capacity. The
disastrous consequences of low availability and high maintenance cost of such systems
led to the desire for high reliability, high maintainability, and low mean time to
support. Due to design problems and poor product support, manufacturer equipment
and systems are not able to meet these requirements. However with proper
consideration of reliability, availability, maintainability and supportability (RAMS) in
the design, manufacturing, and installation phase, the number of failure could be
reduced and their consequences minimized.
International Journal of Quality & Various design techniques and concepts are available in literature (as described in
Reliability Management numerous handbooks, standards, and references), related to design for RAMS or
Vol. 25 No. 3, 2008
pp. 330-344 individual aspect thereof. Although these techniques are applied with more or less
q Emerald Group Publishing Limited success in some industry sectors, of which the defense industry is a notable example, in
0265-671X
DOI 10.1108/02656710810854313 general, industry does not apply these known techniques.
This paper reviews much of the literature on RAMS engineering. The literature is An overview
collected from major journals and conference proceedings as shown in Table I; the on RAMS
period covered is from 1988 to 2005. We have tried to be reasonably complete, but those
papers, which are not included, were either inadvertently overlooked or considered
peripheral to this survey. We apologize to readers as well as to researchers if we have
omitted any relevant papers.
331
2. Overview
The literature pertaining to RAMS engineering is classified into five groups namely:
(1) Assessment of RAMS parameters.
(2) Methodologies for RAMS analysis.
(3) Support, design, LCC and other issues.
(4) Simulation or modeling for RAMS.
(5) Books for RAMS.
3. Conclusion
Though a variety of work has been done, specifically on reliability maintainability,
availability individual or two of them but less work have been found on supportability
and very less work has been found on all four aspects of RAMS. Though some people
have worked on RAM, they have not considered the supportability aspect. Whatever
work exists on RAMS is either on some specific case or on some specific industry like
defense or aerospace industry and no body has used the current information
technology like internet in connection with it. Therefore use of information technology
can make RAMS more effective and can be used for other systems or industry also.
An efficient RAMS engineering is dependent on planned and systematic effort. The An overview
RAMS philosophy should include how RAMS should organize and how it should be on RAMS
integrated in the manufacturing industry or service industry. It must also clarify the
routine to be followed in RAMS and documentation to be produced. The RAMS
philosophy should conclude with objectives that are to be achieved through RAMS.
337
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Further reading
Markeset, T. and Kumar, U. (2003), “Integration of RAMS and risk analysis in product design
and development work processes”, Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, Vol. 9
No. 4, pp. 393-410.
Knezevic, J. (1993), Reliability, Maintainability and Supportability: A Probabilistic Approach,
McGraw-Hill Book Company Europe, Maidenhead.
Corresponding author
S. Saraswat can be contacted at: suvandan@ realiffmail.com