This document discusses the design of storm sewer systems using the Rational Method. It defines key terms like runoff coefficient, rainfall intensity, time of concentration, and critical duration. It explains how to calculate stormwater runoff using these factors. The document also provides sample problems demonstrating how to use the Rational Method to size storm sewers and calculate flow rates at various points in a drainage area.
This document discusses the design of storm sewer systems using the Rational Method. It defines key terms like runoff coefficient, rainfall intensity, time of concentration, and critical duration. It explains how to calculate stormwater runoff using these factors. The document also provides sample problems demonstrating how to use the Rational Method to size storm sewers and calculate flow rates at various points in a drainage area.
This document discusses the design of storm sewer systems using the Rational Method. It defines key terms like runoff coefficient, rainfall intensity, time of concentration, and critical duration. It explains how to calculate stormwater runoff using these factors. The document also provides sample problems demonstrating how to use the Rational Method to size storm sewers and calculate flow rates at various points in a drainage area.
This document discusses the design of storm sewer systems using the Rational Method. It defines key terms like runoff coefficient, rainfall intensity, time of concentration, and critical duration. It explains how to calculate stormwater runoff using these factors. The document also provides sample problems demonstrating how to use the Rational Method to size storm sewers and calculate flow rates at various points in a drainage area.
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Design of Storm Sewer
Lecture 4
Storm Sewer To design a storm sewer system, it is necessary to determine the flow which each segment must carry. Main Source = Rainfall
Rational Method Simplest method used for estimating the quantity of flow This procedure relates: Storm flow to the rainfall intensity Storm flow to the tributary (flowing area) A Co-efficient C which presents the combined effects of surface storage, infiltration, and evaporation
Hence,
Where, Q=Actual amount of rainfall that appears as runoff (m3/hr) A =Area drained (m2) I =Intensity of rainfall (m3/m2/hr) C =Co-efficient of runoff
Run-off coefficient C C for an area is variant i.e. tends to increase as the rainfall continues. Determine by using following formula impervious surface pervious surface
Runoff coefficient for
Various surfaces Type of surfaces
Watertight roofs
0.70-0.85
Asphaltic cement streets
0.85-0.90
Portland cement streets
0.80-0.95
Paved driveways and walks
0.75-0.85
Gravel driveways and walks
0.15-0.30
Lawns, sandy soil
2%slope 2-7% slope >7 % slope
0.05-0.10 0.10-0.15 0.15-0.20
Lawns, heavy soil
2%slope 2-7% slope >7 % slope
0.13-0.17 0.18-0.32 0.25-0.35
Rainfall intensity(I) Defined as the precipitation rate expressed in mm/hr or in/hr Depends upon two factors 1 .Frequency of storm occurrence 5 years for residential areas 10-15 years for commercial areas 2.Duration of storm Up to 2 hours Average intensity of storm decreases as the duration increases.
Relationship between I, t and
frequency A,B=Constants and vary for different area and cities. For Lahore A=7190 , B=103 (for once in 5 year frequency based on 27 years rainfall record) now these values varies with frequency
I Intensity )mm/hr)
1 in 20 yrs 1 in 15 yrs 1 in 10 yrs 1 in 5 yrs
t ,Duration (min)
Inlet time
Inle t Ti me
Time required for the rain water to flow from
the farthest point over the surface of the ground to the sewer inlet.
Sewer Inlet Sewer
Case 1
Sewer Inlet Sewer
-Sewer should be designed based on duration of rainfall
-Which should be equal or greater than the time of travel of storm water from the farthest point to the sewer inlet
So sewer line between M1 and M2 should be
designed for that run off. Maximum runoff at M2 will be developed when rainfall duration is equal or greater then inlet time ( up to M1) plus time of runoff travel in sewer from M1 to M2 Or Inlet time of area B to M2 So sewer line between M2 and M3 should be designed for that runoff.
M1 B
Inl et tim e
Maximum runoff at M1 will be developed when
rainfall duration is equal or greater then the inlet time.
Inl et tim e
CASE 2
M2
Sewer
Time of Concentration A
M1 B
Time of flow
Defined as the time required for the
maximum runoff rate to develop or it is the time required for storm water to run from the farthest point of the area to reach the point for which the maximum runoff is to be estimated.
M2
Sewer
So storm water sewers must be designed taking
into consideration the time of concentration at various manholes
Critical duration of rainfall
It is the duration of rainfall which will produce maximum runoff and so it is equal to the time of concentration
Steps for the design of storm sewer
1.Estimate the time of concentration 2.Take this as a critical duration of rain fall to produce maximum rain fall 3.Find out intensity of rainfall for that duration of rainfall using 4.Use this I in Q=CIA to find out the flow value
Problem 1 A sewer line is to serve 7.2 hectors, the imperviousness of area is 35%.Time of concentration is 30 minutes .The rainfall intensity Formula adopted is I=3330/(t+19). Calculate the capacity of storm sewer.
Problem 2
10 m in
Calculate the maximum storm water runoff at point
A and B of the area which is divided into two equal parts of 4 hectors each .The intensity of rainfall is given by I=719/(t+103),C=0.4 and inlet time for each part of area is 10 minutes. Velocity of flow is equal to 1 m/s.
200m B
10 m in
Problem 3 (Design of Storm Sewer) A
4 Ha
3 Ha
2 Ha
C=0. 8
C=0. 7
C=0. 8
MH4
300m
MH3
200m
MH2
MH1
Inlet time for each area =8 min
Velocity of sewer =1m/sec Compute maximum rate of flow in storm sewer, diameter of sewer and sewer slope.
