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    Characteristics of Criminology and Penology

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    Muhammad Abaza
    1. Criminology and penology are distinct but interdependent fields of study. Criminology focuses on understanding crime and criminals prior to the crime, while penology focuses on sanctions and prevention after a crime occurs. 2. Both criminology and penology rely on various academic disciplines like sociology, psychology, and political science. Penology in particular is linked to sociology as it considers crime a social problem. 3. Criminology is a descriptive science that aims to understand criminal behavior and motivations. Penology, in contrast, is a normative science that establishes rules and standards for responding to crimes through the criminal justice system.

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    Characteristics of Criminology and Penology

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    Muhammad Abaza
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    1. Criminology and penology are distinct but interdependent fields of study. Criminology focuses on understanding crime and criminals prior to the crime, while penology focuses on sanctions and prevention after a crime occurs. 2. Both criminology and penology rely on various academic disciplines like sociology, psychology, and political science. Penology in particular is linked to sociology as it considers crime a social problem. 3. Criminology is a descriptive science that aims to understand criminal behavior and motivations. Penology, in contrast, is a normative science that establishes rules and standards for responding to crimes through the criminal justice system.

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    Characteristics of criminology and penology

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    1. Criminology and penology are distinct but interdependent fields of study. Criminology focuses on understanding crime and criminals prior to the crime, while penology focuses on sanctions and prevention after a crime occurs. 2. Both criminology and penology rely on various academic disciplines like sociology, psychology, and political science. Penology in particular is linked to sociology as it considers crime a social problem. 3. Criminology is a descriptive science that aims to understand criminal behavior and motivations. Penology, in contrast, is a normative science that establishes rules and standards for responding to crimes through the criminal justice system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    980 views2 pages

    Characteristics of Criminology and Penology

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Abaza
    1. Criminology and penology are distinct but interdependent fields of study. Criminology focuses on understanding crime and criminals prior to the crime, while penology focuses on sanctions and prevention after a crime occurs. 2. Both criminology and penology rely on various academic disciplines like sociology, psychology, and political science. Penology in particular is linked to sociology as it considers crime a social problem. 3. Criminology is a descriptive science that aims to understand criminal behavior and motivations. Penology, in contrast, is a normative science that establishes rules and standards for responding to crimes through the criminal justice system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Characteristics of criminology and penology

    1-Different but interdependent objects of study: ‫مناهج مختلفة لكن متداخلة‬


    It's important not to confuse between two disciplines as they are distinct from each other
    however we cannot neglect that they have strong ties that create a relationship of
    interdependence.

    On the one hand: criminology and penology have a totally different object of study.

    Criminology studies forms of crimes, different type of criminals and their personalities, in
    order to detect the different reasons that led them to commit the crime, accordingly it’s a
    descriptive science aiming at understanding and explaining the criminal phenomenon, as it
    focuses more on the pre-crime phase which is the period before committing the crime.

    ‫علم االجرام يدرس الجريمة و االنواع المختلفة من المجرمين و شخصياتهم من اجل الوصول الى االسباب المختلفة التى‬
    .‫فهو يركز على المرحلة السابقة على ارتكاب الجريمة‬, ‫ادت الى ارتكابه الجريمة و بالتالى فهو علم وصفى‬

    Penology to the contrary is concerned with the post-crime phase. It tries to regulate the
    best way to combat the criminal phenomenon through criminal sanctions. Accordingly it’s a
    normative science aiming at producing norms and rules on how to respond to crimes
    through different means of criminal law.

    ‫فهو يهدف الى الوصول للحلول لمنع ارتكاب‬,‫علم االجرام على العكس يهتم بالمرحلة الالحقة على ارتكاب الجريمة‬
    .‫فهو علم معيارى يهدف الى وضع القواعد المختلفة لمواجهة الجريمة‬,‫الجريمة‬

    Criminology tries to understand what the reasons of the crime are while penology tries to
    tell us what to do with the criminal.

    On the other hand: criminology and penology are interdependent:

    Penology depends on the result of criminological research. One of the main objectives of
    penology is to stop future crimes and prevent the criminals from committing more crimes
    in the future. Such researches will help him to prevent the crimes.

    ‫فعلم العقاب يهدف الى منع ارتكاب الجرائم فى المستقبل و‬, ‫يعتمد علم العقاب على نتائج االبحاث الخاصة بعلم االجرام‬
    .‫هذه االبحاث تساعد على ذلك‬

    Criminology also benefits from penological researches, an important part of the


    criminological studies depend on what is called the follow up studies which continues to
    study the behavior and the development of the criminal after he commits the crime
    especially while he is spending the sentence in the prison or after his liberation. This is the
    common area with penology.
    1
    ‫ايضا يستفيد علم االجرام من ابحاث علم العقاب الن جزء هام من علم العقاب يعتمد على نتائج االبحاث التى تجرى على‬
    .‫المجرم سواء اثناء تنفيذ العقوبة او بعد االفراج عنه و بالتالى تعتبر هذه منطقة مشتركة بين العلمين‬

    2-Criminology and penology are multidisciplinary ‫مجاالت متعددة التخصصات‬


    domains:
    Both criminology and penology can be described as multidisciplinary science. This means
    that they rely on several academic specializations in order to provide their approaches.

    .‫يرتبطوا بالعديد من العلوم االخرى‬

    Both of them rely on some academic disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, sociology,
    politics, economics, and statistics'.

    For example penology is linked to sociology as crime is considered to be a social problem so


    sociological studies tries to find the best ways to prevent the societal problems that may
    push the person to commit crimes.

    3-Criminology and penology: normative or descriptive science:


    Criminology is considered to be a descriptive science as its concerned more with explaining
    the conduct of the criminal individual. And the reasons that made him commit the crime.

    .‫علم وصفى يهدف الى تحليل السلوك االنسانى و االسباب اللتى تدفع الشخص للجريمة‬

    To the contrary penology is a normative science because it's concerned with setting out
    norms and rules of conduct on what should be done and what should be avoided.

    .‫علم معيارى يهدف الى وضع القواعد و القوانين لما يجب فعله و ما ال يجب فعله‬

    Penology tries to establish norms and rules governing what punishment shall be applied to
    a specific crime, therefore penology cannot be characterized as a descriptive science whose
    aim is only to describe or explain what punishment for a certain crime is.

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