Ufgs 04 20 00

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USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-04 20 00 (February 2011)

Change 1 - 11/12
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Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding
UFGS-04 20 00 (February 2009)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated April 2013

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SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS
DIVISION 04 - MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00
MASONRY
02/11
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1.2.1 Local/Regional Materials
1.2.2 Environmental Data
1.2.3 Plastic Identification
1.2.4 Design Requirements
1.2.4.1 Unit Strength Method
1.2.4.2 Seismic Requirement
1.2.4.3 Special Inspection
1.2.4.4 Masonry Strength
1.2.5 Additional Requirements
1.2.6 Metrication
1.3 SUBMITTALS
1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.4.1 Appearance
1.4.2 Contamination
1.4.3 Sample Masonry Panels
1.4.3.1 Configuration
1.4.3.2 Composition
1.4.3.3 Construction Method
1.4.3.4 Usage
1.4.4 Masonry Inspector Qualifications
1.4.5 Detail Drawings
1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.5.1 Masonry Units
1.5.2 Reinforcement, Anchors, and Ties
1.5.3 Cementitious Materials, Sand and Aggregates
1.6 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS
1.6.1 Hot Weather Installation
1.6.2 Cold Weather Installation
PART 2 PRODUCTS
SECTION 04 20 00 Page 1
2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.2 CLAY OR SHALE BRICK
2.2.1 Solid Clay or Shale Brick
2.2.2 Hollow Clay or Shale Brick
2.2.3 Sand-Lime Brick
2.2.4 Refractory Brick
2.2.5 Closure or Utility Brick
2.2.6 Adobe Brick
2.2.6.1 Traditional Adobe
2.2.6.2 Semi-Stabilized Adobe
2.2.6.3 Fully Stabilized Adobe
2.3 CONCRETE BRICK
2.4 SALVAGED BRICK
2.5 CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS (CMU)
2.5.1 Aggregates
2.5.2 Kinds and Shapes
2.5.2.1 Architectural Units
2.5.2.2 Patterned, Decorative Screen Units
2.5.3 Fire-Rated CMU
2.6 COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCK
2.7 PRECAST CONCRETE ITEMS
2.7.1 Lintels
2.7.2 Sills and Copings
2.7.3 Splash Blocks
2.7.4 Flue Linings and Thimbles
2.8 STONE ITEMS
2.9 MORTAR FOR STRUCTURAL MASONRY
2.10 MASONRY MORTAR
2.10.1 Admixtures for Masonry Mortar
2.10.2 Colored Mortar
2.10.3 Hydrated Lime and Alternates
2.10.4 Cement
2.10.5 Pre-Mixed Mortar
2.10.6 Sand and Water
2.11 WATER-REPELLANT ADMIXTURE
2.12 GROUT AND READY-MIXED GROUT
2.12.1 Admixtures for Grout
2.12.2 Grout Barriers
2.13 ANCHORS, TIES, AND BAR POSITIONERS
2.13.1 Wire Mesh Ties
2.13.2 Wall Ties
2.13.3 Dovetail Anchors
2.13.4 Adjustable Anchors
2.13.5 Bar Positioners
2.14 JOINT REINFORCEMENT
2.15 REINFORCING STEEL BARS AND RODS
2.16 CONTROL JOINT KEYS
2.17 RIGID BOARD-TYPE INSULATION
2.18 EXPANSION-JOINT MATERIALS
2.19 THROUGH WALL FLASHING
2.20 WEEP HOLE VENTILATORS
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 PREPARATION
3.1.1 Protection
3.1.2 Completed Masonry and Masonry Not Being Worked On
3.1.3 Stains
3.1.4 Loads
3.1.5 Surfaces
3.2 LAYING MASONRY UNITS
3.2.1 Forms and Shores
3.2.2 Reinforced Concrete Masonry Units Walls
3.2.3 Concrete Masonry Units
3.2.4 Clay or Shale Brick Units
3.2.4.1 Wetting of Units
3.2.4.2 Solid Units
3.2.4.3 Hollow Units
3.2.4.4 Brick-Faced Walls
3.2.4.5 Cavity Walls
3.2.4.6 Reinforced Brick Walls
3.2.4.7 Chimneys
3.2.4.8 Brick Veneer
3.2.5 Tolerances
3.2.6 Cutting and Fitting
3.2.7 Jointing
3.2.7.1 Flush Joints
3.2.7.2 Tooled Joints
3.2.7.3 Door and Window Frame Joints
3.2.8 Joint Widths
3.2.8.1 Concrete Masonry Units
3.2.8.2 Prefaced Concrete Masonry Units
3.2.8.3 Brick
3.2.9 Embedded Items
3.2.10 Unfinished Work
3.2.11 Masonry Wall Intersections
3.2.12 Partitions
3.4 ANCHORED VENEER CONSTRUCTION
3.5 WEEP HOLES
3.6 COMPOSITE WALLS
3.7 MORTAR MIX
3.8 REINFORCING STEEL
3.8.1 Positioning Bars
3.8.2 Splices
3.9 JOINT REINFORCEMENT INSTALLATION
3.10 PLACING GROUT
3.10.1 Vertical Grout Barriers for Fully Grouted Walls
3.10.2 Horizontal Grout Barriers
3.10.3 Grout Holes and Cleanouts
3.10.3.1 Grout Holes
3.10.3.2 Cleanouts for Hollow Unit Masonry Construction
3.10.3.3 Cleanouts for Solid Unit Masonry Construction
3.10.4 Grouting Equipment
3.10.4.1 Grout Pumps
3.10.4.2 Vibrators
3.10.5 Grout Placement
3.10.5.1 Low-Lift Method
3.10.5.2 High-Lift Method
3.11 BOND BEAMS
3.12 CONTROL JOINTS
3.13 JOINTS SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS
3.14 SHELF ANGLES
3.15 LINTELS
3.15.1 Masonry Lintels
3.15.2 Precast Concrete and Steel Lintels
3.16 SILLS AND COPINGS
3.17 ANCHORAGE TO CONCRETE AND STRUCTURAL STEEL
basic designation only.
AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL (ACI)
ACI 318 (2011; Errata 2011; Errata 2012) Building

Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
and Commentary
ACI 318M (2011; Errata 2011; Errata 2012) Building

Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
& Commentary
ACI 530/530.1 (2011; Errata 2011; Errata 2013) Building

Code Requirements and Specification for
Masonry Structures and Related Commentaries
ACI SP-66 (2004) ACI Detailing Manual
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM A153/A153M (2009) Standard Specification for Zinc

Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel
Hardware
ASTM A167 (1999; R 2009) Standard Specification for

Stainless and Heat-Resisting
Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and
Strip
ASTM A615/A615M (2012) Standard Specification for Deformed

and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete
Reinforcement
ASTM A641/A641M (2009a) Standard Specification for

Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Carbon Steel Wire
ASTM A82/A82M (2007) Standard Specification for Steel

Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement
ASTM B370 (2012) Standard Specification for Copper

Sheet and Strip for Building Construction
ASTM B633 (2011) Standard Specification for

Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron
and Steel
ASTM C1019 (2011) Standard Test Method for Sampling

and Testing Grout
ASTM C1072 (2011) Standard Test Method for

Measurement of Masonry Flexural Bond
Strength
ASTM C1142 (1995; R 2007) Standard Specification for

Extended Life Mortar for Unit Masonry
ASTM C129 (2011) Standard Specification for

Nonloadbearing Concrete Masonry Units
ASTM C94/C94M (2012a) Standard Specification for
Ready-Mixed Concrete
ASTM C989/C989M (2012a) Standard Specification for Slag

Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
ASTM D1972 (1997; R 2005) Standard Practice for

Generic Marking of Plastic Products
ASTM D2000 (2012) Standard Classification System for

Rubber Products in Automotive Applications
ASTM D2240 (2005; R 2010) Standard Test Method for

Rubber Property - Durometer Hardness
ASTM D2287 (2012) Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Polymer and

Copolymer Molding and Extrusion Compounds
ASTM E119 (2012a) Standard Test Methods for Fire

Tests of Building Construction and
Materials
ASTM E2129 (2010) Standard Practice for Data

Collection for Sustainability Assessment
of Building Products
ASTM E514/E514M (2011) Standard Test Method for Water

Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL (ICC)
ICC IBC (2009; Errata First Printing)

International Building Code
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD)
UFC 3-310-04 (2012) Seismic Design for Buildings
U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL (USGBC)
LEED NC (2009) Leadership in Energy and

Environmental Design(tm) New Construction
Rating System
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Using local materials can help minimize
transportation impacts, including fossil fuel
consumption, air pollution, and labor. Using
materials harvested and manufactured within a 500
mile radius from the project site contributes to the
following LEED credit: MR5. Coordinate with Section
01 33 29 LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION. Use second option
if Contractor is choosing local materials in
accordance with Section 01 33 29 LEED(tm)
DOCUMENTATION. Use second option for USACE
projects. Army projects should include option only
if pursuing this LEED credit.
**************************************************************************
[Use materials or products extracted, harvested, or recovered, as well as

manufactured, within a [800] [_____] km [500] [_____] mile radius from the
project site, if available from a minimum of three sources.] [See Section
01 33 29 LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION for cumulative total local material
requirements. Masonry materials may be locally available.] Submit
documentation indicating distance between manufacturing facility and the
project site, and distance of raw material origin from the project site.
Indicate relative dollar value of local/regional materials to total dollar
value of products included in the project.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: ASTM E2129 provides for detailed
documentation of the sustainability aspects of
products used in the project. This level of detail
may be useful to the Contractor, Government,
building occupants, or the public in assessing the
sustainability of these products.
**************************************************************************
Submit manufacturer's descriptive data. Documentation indicating

percentage of post-industrial and post-consumer recycled content per unit
of product. Indicate relative dollar value of recycled content products to
total dollar value of products included in project. [Submit Table 1 of
ASTM E2129 for the following products: [_____].]
**************************************************************************
NOTE: The marking system indicated below is
intended to provide assistance in identification of
products for making subsequent decisions as to
handling, recycling, or disposal.
**************************************************************************
Verify that plastic products to be incorporated into the project are

labeled in accordance with ASTM D1972. Where products are not labeled,
submit product data indicating polymeric information in the Operation and
Maintenance Manual.
a. Type 1: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET, PETE).
b. Type 2: High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).
c. Type 3: Vinyl (Polyvinyl Chloride or PVC).
d. Type 4: Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).
e. Type 5: Polypropylene (PP).
f. Type 6: Polystyrene (PS).
g. Type 7: Other. Use of this code indicates that the package in question
is made with a resin other than the six listed above, or is made of
more than one resin listed above, and used in a multi-layer combination.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Use this method for clay masonry conforming
to ASTM C216, ASTM C62, or ASTM C652, and tested by
ASTM C67, with bed joints not exceeding 16 mm (5/8
inch) and grouted, ASTM C476, with strength at least
equal to f'm, and also for concrete masonry units
conforming to ASTM C90 or ASTM C55, with bed joints
and grout same as clay masonry. If masonry does not
meet these requirements, use Prism Test Method.
**************************************************************************
Compute compressive strength of masonry system "Unit Strength Method",

ACI 530/530.1. Submit calculations and certifications of unit and mortar
strength.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: For Army projects refer to UFC 3-310-04; for
Navy projects refer to minimum seismic reinforcing
required in UFC 1-200-01, Chapter 13.
**************************************************************************
In addition to design requirements of ICC IBC, provide additional seismic

reinforcement [in accordance with UFC 3-310-04] [as detailed on [the
drawings] [sketches [_____] which are attached at the rear of this
section]]. The total minimum reinforcing percentage for structural walls
shall be 0.20 percent and non-structural walls shall be 0.15 percent. The
maximum spacing of reinforcing bars shall be as follows:
Wall Type Vertical Horizontal
Structural 0.609 m24 inches 1.219 m48 inches
Non-structural 1.219 m48 inches 2.032 m80 inches
Bond beams are required at the top of footings, at the bottom and top of
openings at roof and floor levels, and at the top of parapet walls.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Include this paragraph only when special
inspection and testing for seismic-resisting systems
is required by Appendix 11A of ASCE 7.
This paragraph will be applicable to both new

buildings designed according UFC 3-310-04 SEISMIC
DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS, and to existing building
seismic rehabilitation designs.
The designer must indicate on the drawings all
locations and all features for which special
inspection and testing is required in accordance
with UFC 3-310-04 and Appendix 11A of ASCE 7. This
includes indicating the locations of all structural
components and connections requiring inspection.
Add any additional requirements as necessary.

**************************************************************************
Perform special inspections and testing for seismic-resisting systems and

components in accordance with UFC 3-310-04 SEISMIC DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS and
Section 01 45 35 SPECIAL INSPECTIONS.
Determine masonry strength in accordance with ACI 530/530.1; submit test

reports on three prisms as specified in ACI 530/530.1. The cost of testing
shall be paid by the Contractor.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: On small projects, requirement for spare
vibrator may be deleted.
**************************************************************************
a. Maintain at least one spare vibrator on site at all times.
b. Provide bracing and scaffolding necessary for masonry work. Design

bracing to resist wind pressure as required by local code.
1.2.6 Metrication
The Contractor has the option to use either hard metric or substitute
inch-pound (soft-metric) CMU products. If the Contractor decides to
substitute inch-pound CMU products, meet the following additional
requirements:
a. The metric dimensions indicated on the drawings shall not be altered to

accommodate inch-pound CMU products either horizontally or vertically.
The 100 mm building module shall be maintained, except for the CMU
products themselves.
b. Mortar joint widths shall be maintained as specified.
c. Rebars shall not be cut, bent or eliminated to fit into the inch-pound
CMU products module.
d. Brick and inch-pound CMU products shall not be reduced in size by more
than one-third (1/3) in height and one-half (1/2) in length. Cut CMU
products shall not be located at ends of walls, corners, and other
openings.
e. Cut, exposed brick and CMU products shall be held to a minimum and
located where they would have the least impact on the architectural
aesthetic goals of the facility.
f. Other building components, built into the CMU products, such as window
frames, door frames, louvers, grilles, fire dampers, etc., that are
ASTM C94/C94M (2012a) Standard Specification for
Ready-Mixed Concrete
ASTM C989/C989M (2012a) Standard Specification for Slag

Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
ASTM D1972 (1997; R 2005) Standard Practice for

Generic Marking of Plastic Products
ASTM D2000 (2012) Standard Classification System for

Rubber Products in Automotive Applications
ASTM D2240 (2005; R 2010) Standard Test Method for

Rubber Property - Durometer Hardness
ASTM D2287 (2012) Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Polymer and

Copolymer Molding and Extrusion Compounds
ASTM E119 (2012a) Standard Test Methods for Fire

Tests of Building Construction and
Materials
ASTM E2129 (2010) Standard Practice for Data

Collection for Sustainability Assessment
of Building Products
ASTM E514/E514M (2011) Standard Test Method for Water

Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL (ICC)
ICC IBC (2009; Errata First Printing)

International Building Code
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD)
UFC 3-310-04 (2012) Seismic Design for Buildings
U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL (USGBC)
LEED NC (2009) Leadership in Energy and

Environmental Design(tm) New Construction
Rating System
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Using local materials can help minimize
transportation impacts, including fossil fuel
consumption, air pollution, and labor. Using
materials harvested and manufactured within a 500
mile radius from the project site contributes to the
following LEED credit: MR5. Coordinate with Section
01 33 29 LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION. Use second option
if Contractor is choosing local materials in
accordance with Section 01 33 29 LEED(tm)
DOCUMENTATION. Use second option for USACE
of cleanouts, and during grouting operations. The masonry inspector shall
assure compliance with the drawings and specifications. The masonry
inspector shall keep a complete record of all inspections and shall submit
daily written reports to the Quality Control Supervisory Representative
reporting the quality of masonry construction. Submit copies of masonry
inspector reports.
Submit detail drawings showing bar splice locations. If the Contractor

opts to furnish inch-pound CMU products, drawings showing elevation of
walls exposed to view and indicating the location of all cut CMU products
shall be submitted for approval.. Bent bars shall be identified on a
bending diagram and shall be referenced and located on the drawings. Wall
dimensions, bar clearances, and wall openings greater than one masonry unit
in area shall be shown. No approval will be given to the shop drawings
until the Contractor certifies that all openings, including those for
mechanical and electrical service, are shown. If, during construction,
additional masonry openings are required, the approved shop drawings shall
be resubmitted with the additional openings shown along with the proposed
changes. Location of these additional openings shall be clearly
highlighted. The minimum scale for wall elevations shall be 1 to 50 1/4
inch per foot. Reinforcement bending details shall conform to the
requirements of ACI SP-66. Submit drawings including plans, elevations,
and details of wall reinforcement; details of reinforcing bars at corners
and wall intersections; offsets; tops, bottoms, and ends of walls; control
and expansion joints; lintels; and wall openings.
Materials shall be delivered, stored, handled, and protected to avoid

chipping, breakage, and contact with soil or contaminating material. Store
and prepare materials in already disturbed areas to minimize project site
disturbance and size of project site.
1.5.1 Masonry Units
Cover and protect moisture-controlled concrete masonry units and

cementitious materials from precipitation. Conform to all handling and
storage requirements of ASTM C90. Mark prefabricated lintels on top sides
to show either the lintel schedule number or the number and size of top and
bottom bars.
Steel reinforcing bars, coated anchors, ties, and joint reinforcement shall
be stored above the ground. Steel reinforcing bars and uncoated ties shall
be free of loose mill scale and rust.
Cementitious and other packaged materials shall be delivered in unopened

containers, plainly marked and labeled with manufacturers' names and
brands. Cementitious material shall be stored in dry, weathertight
enclosures or be completely covered. Cement shall be handled in a manner
that will prevent the inclusion of foreign materials and damage by water or
dampness. Store sand and aggregates in a manner to prevent contamination
or segregation.
normal size variation and color range is
acceptable. Types FBX and HBX permit less
variation. Types FBA and HBA permit large
variations for special architectural effect.
Bricks of various modular sizes are available and,

if for architectural reasons, other size bricks are
included in the design, the nominal size selected
shall be specified as necessary. If larger units,
such as utility brick are required, change the
specified dimensions. If nominal dimensions are
used, they should be so noted.
Use of materials with recycled content, calculated

on the basis of post-industrial and post-consumer
percentage content, contributes to the following
LEED credit: MR4. Coordinate with Section 01 33 29
LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION. Designer must verify that
products meeting the indicated minimum recycled
content are available, preferably from at least
three sources, to ensure adequate competition. If
not, write in suitable recycled content values that
reflect availability and competition. Use second
option if Contractor is choosing recycled content
products in accordance with Section 01 33 29
LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION.
**************************************************************************
Submit brick samples as specified. Color range and texture of clay or

shale brick shall be as indicated and shall conform to the approved
sample. Brick shall conform to ASTM C62; Grade SW shall be used for brick
in contact with earth or grade and for [the first six exterior courses
above grade] [all exterior work] and for all nonvertical surfaces. Grade
SW or MW shall be used in other brickwork. Average dimensions of brick
shall be 90 mm thick, 57 mm high, and 190 mm long (standard) 3-5/8 inches
thick, 2-1/4 inches high, and 8 inches long (standard) or 4 inches thick,
2-2/3 inches high, and 8 inches long (nominal), subject to the tolerances
specified in ASTM C62. Brick shall be tested for efflorescence. Clay or
shale brick units shall be delivered factory-blended to provide a uniform
appearance and color range in the completed wall. [Clay units shall
contain a minimum of [5] [10] [_____] percent post-consumer recycled
content, or a minimum of [20] [40] [_____] percent post-industrial recycled
content.] [See Section 01 33 29 LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION for cumulative total
recycled content requirements. Clay units may contain post-consumer or
post-industrial recycled content.]
**************************************************************************
NOTE: ASTM C216 may be deleted for projects located
where brick conforming to ASTM C62 provides
aesthetic appearance that does not detract from the
design, is generally available and predominantly
used in the area, and the specific brick will blend
with existing or adjacent architecture.
Specify facing brick only where aesthetic value is a

prime consideration or to match existing
construction. See ASTM C216 for conditions under
which Grade MW may be allowed.
If larger units, such as utility brick, are

required, change the specified dimensions. If
nominal dimensions are used, they should be so
noted. Consider the use of closure or utility brick
when it is architecturally acceptable, though not
solid, at least as a Contractor's option. The cost
per square foot of wall is about 15 percent less for
closure brick, 20 percent less for utility brick,
than for standard brick. Use paragraph titled
"Closure or Utility Brick" below.
**************************************************************************
Solid clay or shale brick shall conform to [ASTM C62] [ASTM C216, Type
[FBS] [FBA] [FBX]]. Brick size shall be modular and the nominal size of
the brick used shall be 92 mm 3-5/8 inches thick, 57 mm 2-1/4 inches high,
and 200 mm 8 inches long (nominal) or 100 mm thick, 68 mm high and 200 mm
long (nominal) 4 inches thick, 2-2/3 inches high and 8 inches long (nominal).
Minimum compressive strength of the brick shall be [_____] MPa psi.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: For exposed exterior and interior masonry,
HBX has narrow color variation and high degree of
mechanical perfection. Use HBS where greater
variation is allowed. For architectural effects
resulting from nonuniformity in size, color, and
texture, use HBA. Use HBB where color and texture
are not a consideration and a greater variation in
size is permitted.
**************************************************************************
Hollow clay or shale brick shall conform to ASTM C652, Type [HBS] [HBX]
[HBA] [HBB]. Brick size shall be modular and the nominal size of the brick
used shall be [_____] mm inches thick, [_____] mm inches high, and [_____]
mm inches long. Where vertical reinforcement is shown in hollow brick, the
minimum cell dimension shall be 64 mm 2-1/2 inches and the units shall be
designed to provide precise vertical alignment of the cells. Minimum
compressive strength of the brick shall be [_____] MPa psi.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Where all sand-lime brick is interior, Grade
MW may be specified as an option to Grade SW.
**************************************************************************
ASTM C73, Grade SW, approximately 92 mm thick, 57 mm high, 200 mm long

(nominal) 3 5/8 inches thick, 2 1/4 inches high, and 8 inches long
(nominal) or nominal modular, with smooth surfaces and natural color.
ASTM C27, low-duty type, [_____] mm inches thick, [_____] mm inches high,
and [_____] mm inches long.
2.2.5 Closure or Utility Brick
ASTM C216, Grade SW, Type FBS, [92 mm thick, 92 mm high, and 200 mm long
(closure) 3 5/8 inches thick, 3 5/8 inches high, and 8 inches long (closure)
] [or] [nominally 100 mm thick, 100 mm high, and 305 mm long (utility) 4
inches thick, 4 inches high, and 12 inches long (utility)]. [Closure] [or]
[Utility] brick may be used at the option of the Contractor, provided that
changes necessitated by the use of such brick shall be the responsibility
of the Contractor. Color, texture, and range of brick shall match the
brick [on display at [_____]] [indicated].
2.2.6 Adobe Brick
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Adobe shall meet accepted industry standards
at a minimum. Determine standards for reliable
products and include in this paragraph.
**************************************************************************
[_____] mm inches thick, [_____] mm inches high, and [_____] mm inches long.
2.2.6.1 Traditional Adobe
Protect traditional adobe from water penetration by the application of

adobe mud plaster, lime plaster, cement- or lime-cement stucco and wide
roof overhangs.
2.2.6.2 Semi-Stabilized Adobe
Semi-stabilized adobe shall contain 3 percent asphalt emulsion or portland

cement by weight, or as prescribed by local soil conditions and codes.
Protect from water penetration by the application of adobe mud plaster,
lime plaster, cement- or lime-cement stucco and wide eaves.
2.2.6.3 Fully Stabilized Adobe
Fully stabilized adobe shall contain 5 percent asphalt emulsion or portland

cement by weight, or as prescribed by local soil conditions and codes.
2.3 CONCRETE BRICK
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Grade N is used for high strength and
resistance to moisture penetration. Grade S is used
for lesser strength and moisture resistance. Grade
N units are for general use and may be exposed to
weather. Split face brick (solid concrete facing
units), where required by design, should be added to
this paragraph. A particular color and texture may
be specified when locally available and
competitively priced. Sizes may be specified for
brick or split face brick where required by the
design.
**************************************************************************
Concrete brick shall conform to ASTM C55, Grade [N] [S]. Concrete brick
may be used where necessary for filling out in concrete masonry unit
construction. Submit samples as specified.
2.4 SALVAGED BRICK
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Use of salvaged/recovered materials
contributes to the following LEED credit: MR3.
Include submittal if pursuing this LEED credit, and
coordinate with Section 01 33 29 LEED(tm)
DOCUMENTATION.
Include bracketed wording if bricks will be in

structures used for children or residences.
Indicate on drawings locations where salvaged brick
is acceptable.
**************************************************************************
Use [lead-free] salvaged bricks and other masonry units in place of new
bricks or masonry units as indicated. [Bricks salvaged from foundries or
industrial buildings shall be washed with appropriate metal-dust removing
cleaner.] When using salvaged brick, select exterior face bricks from
salvaged exterior face bricks. Bricks shall meet standards of new bricks
otherwise used in application, and shall be cleaned of all mortar prior to
use. Place exterior face towards the exterior. Submit documentation
certifying products are from salvaged/recovered sources. Indicate relative
dollar value of salvaged content products to total dollar value of products
included in project.
2.5 CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS (CMU)
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Three weight classifications are included in
ASTM C90. It is important that the weight
classification desired be designated. If structural
design requires an f'm greater than 10 MPa (1500
psi), or if the requirement in subpart d. of
paragraph entitled "Prism Tests," is specified
greater than 10 MPa (1500 psi) that must be
indicated here by adding an exception which states
the f'm.
Low alkali cement should be specified for use in CMU

if efflorescence caused by the use of available
cement is a problem. If efflorescence is not a
problem edit last sentence.
A lightweight high performance CMU has been

developed by USACERL. This unit provides equivalent
performance to a standard normal weight CMU, yet
weighs only 8.5 kg (19 pounds). This CMU does not
meet a strict interpretation of the ASTM C90
requirements and may require a variance from local
building officials. Contact USACERL for supporting
technical information.
Specify lightweight aggregate where required for

structural or "U" value purposes. Coordinate with
structural and mechanical designers. Specify only
normal weight aggregate for single-wythe, ungrouted,
exterior walls. For NAVFAC PAC projects, that
conform to ASTM C55, specify Brick. Otherwise,
light or normal weight aggregate should be optional
with the Contractor, including single wythe, grouted
walls.
For single-wythe, concrete masonry unit exterior

walls, specify water-repellant admixture for both
the masonry units and the mortar. This is a
regional requirement which shall be used, when
applicable, for NAVFAC SE projects; when
appropriate, the requirements may be used for
projects in other areas. Use only with ASTM C744
masonry units.
Designer must verify that products meeting the

indicated minimum recycled content are available,
preferably from at least three sources, to ensure
adequate competition. If not, write in suitable
recycled content values that reflect availability
and competition. Use second option if Contractor is
choosing recycled content products in accordance
with Section 01 33 29 LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION.
**************************************************************************
Submit samples and certificates as specified. Cement shall have a low

alkali content and be of one brand. [Units shall contain a minimum of [5]
[10] [_____] percent post-consumer recycled content, or a minimum of [20]
[40] [_____] percent post-industrial recycled content.][See Section 01 33 29
LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION for cumulative total recycled content
requirements. Units may contain post-consumer or post-industrial recycled
content.] Units shall be of modular dimensions and air, water, or steam
cured. [Surfaces of units which are to be plastered or stuccoed shall be
sufficiently rough to provide bond]; [elsewhere,] [exposed surfaces of
units shall be smooth and of uniform texture]. [Exterior concrete masonry
units shall have water-repellant admixture added during manufacture.]
a. Hollow Load-Bearing Units: ASTM C90, made with lightweight [or medium
weight] [or normal weight] aggregate. Provide load-bearing units for
exterior walls, foundation walls, load-bearing walls, and shear walls.
b. Hollow Non-Load-Bearing Units: ASTM C129, made with lightweight [or

medium weight] [or normal weight] aggregate. Load-bearing units may be
provided in lieu of non-load-bearing units.
c. Solid Load-Bearing Units: ASTM C90, lightweight [or medium weight] [or
normal weight] units. Provide solid units [for masonry bearing under
structural framing members] [as indicated].
2.5.1 Aggregates
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Where sufficient evidence based on previous
construction experience indicates concrete masonry
units manufactured from aggregate from a specific
source may be subject to excessive popouts and/or
staining, contract specifications may be written to
exclude such aggregate.
**************************************************************************
Lightweight aggregates and blends of lightweight and heavier aggregates in
proportions used in producing the units, shall comply with the following
requirements when tested for stain-producing iron compounds in accordance
with ASTM C641: by visual classification method, the iron stain deposited
on the filter paper shall not exceed the "light stain" classification.
Use industrial waste by-products (air-cooled slag, cinders, or bottom ash),
ground waste glass and concrete, granulated slag, and expanded slag in
aggregates. Slag shall comply with ASTM C989/C989M; Grade [80] [100] [120].
2.5.2 Kinds and Shapes
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Bullnose units will be specified only in
cases where sharp corners are considered
objectionable, such as in heavy traffic areas. If
bullnose units are specified, the locations of use
will be detailed on the drawings and/or listed in
this paragraph.
**************************************************************************
Units shall be modular in size and shall include closer, jamb, header,
lintel, and bond beam units and special shapes and sizes to complete the
work as indicated. In exposed interior masonry surfaces, units having a
bullnose shall be used for vertical external corners except at door,
window, and louver jambs. Radius of the bullnose shall be 25 mm 1 inch.
Units used in exposed masonry surfaces in any one building shall have a
uniform fine to medium texture and a uniform color.
2.5.2.1 Architectural Units
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Where architectural units are used, local
sources should be checked to determine available
shapes, sizes, patterns, and colors. Desired unit
pattern should be clearly shown on the drawings.
Delete integral coloring if units will be painted or
if natural color is satisfactory. CMU veneer wythes
should be solid units to minimize trapping water
which could lead to damage from freezing, mildew,
and efflorescence.
**************************************************************************
Units shall have patterned face shell. Face shell pattern shall be
[fluted] [vertical scored] [split ribbed] [_____]. Units shall be
integrally colored during manufacture. Color shall be [_____]. Patterned
face shell shall be properly aligned in the completed wall.
2.5.2.2 Patterned, Decorative Screen Units
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Manufacturer's catalogs will be consulted for
patterned units locally available. Optional designs
of patterned units will be shown as necessary for
competitive bidding.
Concrete masonry units conforming to applicable

requirements of ASTM C129 are suitable for interior
nonload-bearing screens, and may be specified where
required.
**************************************************************************
Patterned, decorative screen units shall conform to the applicable
requirements of [ASTM C90] [ASTM C129]. Units shall have uniform
through-the-wall pattern, color, and texture.
2.5.3 Fire-Rated CMU
**************************************************************************
NOTE: The thickness of fire-rated walls as well as
the required fire rating will be indicated on the
drawings. Such walls will be shown as continuous
from floor to deck above. Sections and details of
these walls will clearly indicate the extent of such
walls. Solid grouted concrete and concrete brick
masonry 150 mm (6 inches) or greater in thickness
will be considered a 4-hour fire-rated wall
regardless of aggregate type.
**************************************************************************
Concrete masonry units used in fire-rated construction shown on the

drawings shall be of minimum equivalent thickness for the fire rating
indicated and the corresponding type of aggregates indicated in TABLE I.
Units containing more than one of the aggregates listed in TABLE I will be
rated on the aggregate requiring the greater minimum equivalent thickness
to produce the required fire rating. Construction shall conform to
ASTM E119.
TABLE I
FIRE-RATED CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS
See note (a) in Table III
Minimum equivalent thickness in mm

inches for fire rating of:
Aggregate Type 4 hours 3 hours 2 hours
Pumice 1204.7 1004.0 753.0
Expanded slag 1305.0 1104.2 853.3
Expanded clay, shale, or slate 1455.7 1204.8 953.7
Limestone, scoria, cinders or 1505.9 1305.0 1004.0

unexpanded slag
Calcareous gravel 1606.2 1355.3 1054.2
Siliceous gravel 1706.7 1455.7 1154.5
Minimum equivalent thickness shall equal net volume as determined in

conformance with ASTM C140 divided by the product of the actual length and
height of the face shell of the unit in mm inches. Where walls are to
receive plaster or be faced with brick, or otherwise form an assembly; the
thickness of plaster or brick or other material in the assembly will be
included in determining the equivalent thickness. Submit calculation
results.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Compressed earth block is made by pressing
damp adobe earth into steel molds using a
high-pressure, hand-operated or hydraulic press.
Compressed earth block shall meet accepted industry

standards at a minimum. Determine standards for
reliable products and include in this paragraph.
**************************************************************************
Earth may be stabilized by adding 2 to 5 percent portland cement by weight

for semi-stabilized block, and 5 to 10 percent for fully stabilized block;
use of other stabilizing admixtures, and their proportions, shall be
prescribed by local soil conditions and codes. [250][_____] mm [10][_____]
inches thick, [100][_____] mm [4][_____] inches high, and [356][_____] mm
[14][_____] inches long, 17 to 19 kg 38 to 40 pounds, using an average of
7,585 kPa 1,100 psi for unstabilized and 20,685 kPa 3,000 psi for
stabilized.
Trim, lintels, copings, splashblocks and door sills shall be factory-made

units from a plant regularly engaged in producing precast concrete units.
Unless otherwise indicated, concrete shall be [28] [20] MPa [4,000] [3000]
psi minimum conforming to Section [03 30 00.00 10 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE] [
03 30 00 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE] using 13 mm 1/2 inch to No. 4 nominal-size
coarse aggregate, and minimum reinforcement shall be the reinforcement
required for handling of the units. Clearance of 19 mm 3/4 inch shall be
maintained between reinforcement and faces of units. Unless
precast-concrete items have been subjected during manufacture to
saturated-steam pressure of at least 827 kPa 120 psi for at least 5 hours,
the items, after casting, shall be either damp-cured for 24 hours or
steam-cured and shall then be aged under cover for 28 days or longer.
Cast-concrete members weighing over 35 kg 80 pounds shall have built-in
loops of galvanized wire or other approved provisions for lifting and
anchoring. Units shall have beds and joints at right angles to the face,
with sharp true arises and shall be cast with drip grooves on the underside
where units overhang walls. Exposed-to-view surfaces shall be free of
surface voids, spalls, cracks, and chipped or broken edges. Precast units
exposed-to-view shall be of uniform appearance and color. Unless otherwise
specified, units shall have a smooth dense finish. Prior to use, each item
shall be wetted and inspected for crazing. Items showing evidence of
dusting, spalling, crazing, or having surfaces treated with a protective
coating will be rejected. Submit specified factory certificates.
2.7.1 Lintels
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Insert strength of concrete; precast lintels
usually range from 17 to 25 MPa (2500 to 3500 psi).
**************************************************************************
normal size variation and color range is
acceptable. Types FBX and HBX permit less
variation. Types FBA and HBA permit large
variations for special architectural effect.
Bricks of various modular sizes are available and,

if for architectural reasons, other size bricks are
included in the design, the nominal size selected
shall be specified as necessary. If larger units,
such as utility brick are required, change the
specified dimensions. If nominal dimensions are
used, they should be so noted.
Use of materials with recycled content, calculated

on the basis of post-industrial and post-consumer
percentage content, contributes to the following
LEED credit: MR4. Coordinate with Section 01 33 29
LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION. Designer must verify that
products meeting the indicated minimum recycled
content are available, preferably from at least
three sources, to ensure adequate competition. If
not, write in suitable recycled content values that
reflect availability and competition. Use second
option if Contractor is choosing recycled content
products in accordance with Section 01 33 29
LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION.
**************************************************************************
Submit brick samples as specified. Color range and texture of clay or

shale brick shall be as indicated and shall conform to the approved
sample. Brick shall conform to ASTM C62; Grade SW shall be used for brick
in contact with earth or grade and for [the first six exterior courses
above grade] [all exterior work] and for all nonvertical surfaces. Grade
SW or MW shall be used in other brickwork. Average dimensions of brick
shall be 90 mm thick, 57 mm high, and 190 mm long (standard) 3-5/8 inches
thick, 2-1/4 inches high, and 8 inches long (standard) or 4 inches thick,
2-2/3 inches high, and 8 inches long (nominal), subject to the tolerances
specified in ASTM C62. Brick shall be tested for efflorescence. Clay or
shale brick units shall be delivered factory-blended to provide a uniform
appearance and color range in the completed wall. [Clay units shall
contain a minimum of [5] [10] [_____] percent post-consumer recycled
content, or a minimum of [20] [40] [_____] percent post-industrial recycled
content.] [See Section 01 33 29 LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION for cumulative total
recycled content requirements. Clay units may contain post-consumer or
post-industrial recycled content.]
**************************************************************************
NOTE: ASTM C216 may be deleted for projects located
where brick conforming to ASTM C62 provides
aesthetic appearance that does not detract from the
design, is generally available and predominantly
used in the area, and the specific brick will blend
with existing or adjacent architecture.
Specify facing brick only where aesthetic value is a

prime consideration or to match existing
construction. See ASTM C216 for conditions under
which Grade MW may be allowed.
If larger units, such as utility brick, are

required, change the specified dimensions. If
nominal dimensions are used, they should be so
noted. Consider the use of closure or utility brick
when it is architecturally acceptable, though not
solid, at least as a Contractor's option. The cost
per square foot of wall is about 15 percent less for
closure brick, 20 percent less for utility brick,
than for standard brick. Use paragraph titled
"Closure or Utility Brick" below.
**************************************************************************
Solid clay or shale brick shall conform to [ASTM C62] [ASTM C216, Type
[FBS] [FBA] [FBX]]. Brick size shall be modular and the nominal size of
the brick used shall be 92 mm 3-5/8 inches thick, 57 mm 2-1/4 inches high,
and 200 mm 8 inches long (nominal) or 100 mm thick, 68 mm high and 200 mm
long (nominal) 4 inches thick, 2-2/3 inches high and 8 inches long (nominal).
Minimum compressive strength of the brick shall be [_____] MPa psi.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: For exposed exterior and interior masonry,
HBX has narrow color variation and high degree of
mechanical perfection. Use HBS where greater
variation is allowed. For architectural effects
resulting from nonuniformity in size, color, and
texture, use HBA. Use HBB where color and texture
are not a consideration and a greater variation in
size is permitted.
**************************************************************************
Hollow clay or shale brick shall conform to ASTM C652, Type [HBS] [HBX]
[HBA] [HBB]. Brick size shall be modular and the nominal size of the brick
used shall be [_____] mm inches thick, [_____] mm inches high, and [_____]
mm inches long. Where vertical reinforcement is shown in hollow brick, the
minimum cell dimension shall be 64 mm 2-1/2 inches and the units shall be
designed to provide precise vertical alignment of the cells. Minimum
compressive strength of the brick shall be [_____] MPa psi.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Where all sand-lime brick is interior, Grade
MW may be specified as an option to Grade SW.
**************************************************************************
ASTM C73, Grade SW, approximately 92 mm thick, 57 mm high, 200 mm long

(nominal) 3 5/8 inches thick, 2 1/4 inches high, and 8 inches long
(nominal) or nominal modular, with smooth surfaces and natural color.
ASTM C27, low-duty type, [_____] mm inches thick, [_____] mm inches high,
and [_____] mm inches long.
architectural design.
Low alkali cement should be specified for use in

mortar if efflorescence caused by the use of
available cement is a problem.
**************************************************************************
Type M mortar shall conform to ASTM C270 and shall be used for foundation
walls [, basement walls,] [and piers]. Mortar Type [S] [N] shall conform
to the proportion specification of ASTM C270 except Type S cement-lime
mortar proportions shall be 1 part cement, 1/2 part lime and 4-1/2 parts
aggregate; Type N cement-lime mortar proportions shall be 1 part cement, 1
part lime and 6 parts aggregate. Type N or S mortar shall be used for
non-load-bearing, non-shear-wall interior masonry; [approved commercial
fire clay mortar or refractory cement (calcium-aluminate) mortar for fire
brick and flue liners;] and Type S for remaining masonry work; except where
higher compressive strength is indicated on structural drawings. When
masonry cement ASTM C91/C91M is used the maximum air content shall be
limited to 12 percent and performance equal to cement-lime mortar shall be
verified. Verification of masonry cement performance shall be based on
ASTM C780 and ASTM C1072. Pointing mortar in showers and kitchens shall
contain ammonium stearate, or aluminum tri-stearate, or calcium stearate in
an amount equal to 3 percent by weight of cement used. Cement shall have a
low alkali content and be of one brand. Aggregates shall be from one
source.
2.10.1 Admixtures for Masonry Mortar
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Admixtures may cause efflorescence and may
adversely affect the strength of the mix or the
protection of embedded steel items.
**************************************************************************
In cold weather, a non-chloride based accelerating admixture may be used

subject to approval. Accelerating admixture shall be non-corrosive, shall
contain less than 0.2 percent chlorides, and shall conform to
ASTM C494/C494M, Type C. Submit the required certifications.
2.10.2 Colored Mortar
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Indicate on the drawings locations of colored
mortar.
**************************************************************************
Mortar coloring shall be added to the mortar used for exposed masonry
surfaces to produce a uniform color matching [_____]. Quantity of pigment
to cementitious content of the masonry cement shall not exceed [5][_____]
by weight; carbon black shall not exceed [1][_____] percent by weight.
Quantity of pigment to cementitious content of cement-lime mix shall not
exceed [10][_____] percent by weight, carbon black no more than [2][_____]
percent by weight. Mortar coloring shall be chemically inert, of finely
ground limeproof pigment, and furnished in accurately pre-measured and
packaged units that can be added to a measured amount of cement.
Compressive strength of colored mortar shall equal [_____].
2.10.3 Hydrated Lime and Alternates
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Lime alternates can increase spreadability.
**************************************************************************
Hydrated lime shall conform to ASTM C207, Type [S][SA].
2.10.4 Cement
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Coal fly ash, slag, cenospheres, and silica
fumes are EPA designated products to be ingredients
in cement. See Section 01 62 35
RECYCLED/RECOVERED/BIOBASED MATERIALS and include
additive options unless designer determines that
justification for non-use exists.
**************************************************************************
Portland cement shall conform to ASTM C150/C150M, Type I,[ IA,] II,[ IIA,]
or III[, IIIA]. Masonry cement shall conform to ASTM C91/C91M, Type
[N][S][M]. Containers shall bear complete instructions for proportioning
and mixing to obtain the required types of mortar. Incorporate to the
maximum extent, without conflicting with other requirements of this
section, up to 40 percent fly ash, up to 70 percent slag, up to 10 percent
cenospheres, and up to 10 percent silica fume. When masonry cement is
used, submit the manufacturer's printed instructions on proportions of
water and aggregates and on mixing to obtain the type of mortar required.
Additives shall conform to requirements in Section [03 30 00 CAST-IN-PLACE
CONCRETE] [03 30 00.00 10 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE].
2.10.5 Pre-Mixed Mortar
Pre-mixed mortar shall conform to ASTM C1142, Type [RN] [RS] [RM]. Submit
pre-mixed mortar composition.
2.10.6 Sand and Water
Sand shall conform to ASTM C144. Water shall be clean, potable, and free
from substances which could adversely affect the mortar.
2.11 WATER-REPELLANT ADMIXTURE
**************************************************************************
NOTE: For single-wythe, concrete masonry unit
exterior walls, specify water-repellant admixture
for both the masonry units and the mortar. Use only
with ASTM C744 masonry units. Include the bracketed
phrase when water penetration testing of the
exterior masonry wall assembly is required. Require
testing only for single-wythe wall constructions
that do not have a waterproofing skin applied and
where wall water penetration will impair
mission-critical operations, create an immediate
safety hazard, or have a detrimental impact on
interior finishes.
**************************************************************************
Polymeric type formulated to reduce porosity and water penetration and
water absorption of the mortar and masonry units[ required to provide for
the exterior single-wythe masonry wall water penetration resistance
indicated in Paragraph SINGLE-WYTHE MASONRY WALL WATER PENETRATION TEST].
2.12 GROUT AND READY-MIXED GROUT
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Low alkali cement should be specified for use
in grout if efflorescence caused by the use of
available cement is a problem.
For structural masonry, the following applies. The

defaults for mortar and grout materials in ASTM C270
and ASTM C476 are all right for general
construction. Specify Type III portland cement for
cold weather construction, Type II for moderate
sulfate resistance. The blended cements make a gray
mortar; specify portland cement mortar or masonry
cement if white or colored mortar is necessary. Use
only Type S for exterior walls and M below ground.
Do not use Type O in areas of moderate or high
seismic activity. Do not use Type N in areas of
high seismic activity.
Choice of fine or coarse grout depends on width of

grout space and pour height; a table with this
information is in ACI 530/530.1.
**************************************************************************
Grout shall conform to ASTM C476, [fine] [coarse]. Cement used in grout
shall have a low alkali content. Grout slump shall be between 200 and
[250] [280] mm 8 and [10] [11] inches. Minimum grout strength shall be 14
MPa 2000 psi in 28 days, as tested by ASTM C1019. Use grout subject to the
limitations of Table III. Do not change proportions and do not use
materials with different physical or chemical characteristics in grout for
the work unless additional evidence is furnished that the grout meets the
specified requirements. Ready-Mixed grout shall conform to ASTM C94/C94M.
2.12.1 Admixtures for Grout
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Admixtures, including air entrainment, may
cause efflorescence and may adversely affect the
strength of the mix or the protection of embedded
steel items.
A grouting-aid admixture may be desirable when

concrete masonry and clay brick units are highly
absorbent to reduce early water loss, promote
bonding, and produce slight expansion to help ensure
complete filling of cavities.
**************************************************************************
In cold weather, a non-chloride based accelerating admixture may be used

subject to approval; accelerating admixture shall be non-corrosive, shall
contain less than 0.2 percent chlorides, and shall conform to
ASTM C494/C494M, Type C. In general, air-entrainment, anti-freeze or
chloride admixtures shall not be used except as approved by the Contracting
Officer. Submit required certifications.
ties in cavity walls; they are very thin and prone
to corrosion. These ties are generally used in
residential construction.
Z-shaped ties should only be specified when bonding

walls constructed with solid units (not less than 75
percent of the gross cross-sectional area being
solid). Rectangular ties may be used with either
solid or hollow units.
Adjustable wall ties may be used in areas of low

seismic activity when the design wind speed is less
than 160 km/hr (100 mph); designer must follow the
guidance provided in UFC 3-310-04 SEISMIC DESIGN FOR
BUILDINGS for any seismic design. Adjustable wall
ties are normally used when constructing one wythe
independent of the other. The preferred method of
construction, however, is to bring the wythes up
together. Delete the sentences pertaining to
adjustable ties when they are not permitted.
**************************************************************************
Provide wall ties rectangular-shaped or Z-shaped fabricated of 5 mm 3/16

inch diameter zinc-coated steel wire. Rectangular wall ties shall be no
less than 100 mm 4 inches wide. Wall ties may also be of a continuous type
conforming to paragraph JOINT REINFORCEMENT. Adjustable type wall ties, if
approved for use, shall consist of two essentially U-shaped elements
fabricated of 5 mm 3/16 inch diameter zinc-coated steel wire. Adjustable
ties shall be of the double pintle to eye type and shall allow a maximum of
13 mm 1/2 inch eccentricity between each element of the tie. Play between
pintle and eye opening shall be not more than 2 mm 1/16 inch. The pintle
and eye elements shall be formed so that both can be in the same plane.
2.13.3 Dovetail Anchors
Provide dovetail anchors of the flexible wire type, 5 mm 3/16 inch diameter
zinc-coated steel wire, triangular shaped, and attached to a 12 gauge 12
gauge or heavier steel dovetail section. Use these anchors for anchorage
of veneer wythes or composite-wall facings extending over the face of
concrete columns, beams, or walls. Fill cells within vertical planes of
these anchors solid with grout for full height of walls or partitions, or
solid units may be used. Dovetail slots are specified in Section [
03 30 00.00 10 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE][03 30 00 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE].
2.13.4 Adjustable Anchors
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Adjustable anchors will be used to anchor
masonry to structural steel columns or beams. The
fixed portion of the anchors (steel anchor rods)
will be welded to the structural steel member. In
instances where standard anchors are not available,
such as when anchoring masonry to a steel beam that
is offset from the masonry wall line, anchors will
be detailed on the drawings.
**************************************************************************
Adjustable anchors shall be 5 mm 3/16 inch diameter steel wire,

triangular-shaped. Anchors attached to steel shall be 8 mm 5/16 inch
diameter steel bars placed to provide 2 mm 1/16 inch play between flexible
anchors and structural steel members. Spacers shall be welded to rods and
columns. Equivalent welded-on steel anchor rods or shapes standard with
the flexible-anchor manufacturer may be furnished when approved. Welds
shall be cleaned and given one coat of zinc-rich touch up paint.
2.13.5 Bar Positioners
Bar positioners, used to prevent displacement of reinforcing bars during

the course of construction, shall be factory fabricated from 9 gauge steel
wire or equivalent, and coated with a hot-dip galvanized finish. Not more
than one wire shall cross the cell. Telescoping bar positioner shall be
manufactured from AISI 1065 spring steel and coated in accordance with
ASTM B633.
2.14 JOINT REINFORCEMENT
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Location of horizontal joint reinforcement
should be shown on the drawings. Reinforcement will
have one wire in each mortar bed. Truss-type joint
reinforcement will not be used. Adjustable joint
reinforcement assemblies may be used in certain
types of construction where it is feasible to
construct one wythe independent of the other. If
the type of design does not permit this type of
construction, delete the sentences pertaining to
adjustable joint reinforcement assemblies.
Various combinations of wire sizes are available and

are usually designated as follows:
**************************************************************************
Long. wires Cross wires

Standard 3.8 mm (9 gauge 3.8 mm
(0.1483 inch))
Heavy Duty 4.8 mm (3/16 3.8 mm (9 gauge

inch (0.1875 (0.1483 inch))
inch))
Extra Heavy Duty 4.8 mm (3/16 4.8 mm (3/16

inch (0.1875 inch (0.1875
inch)) inch))
Reinforcement made with 4.2 mm (8 gauge) wire is

considered special and is not available from all
manufacturers.
**************************************************************************
Joint reinforcement shall be factory fabricated from steel wire conforming

to ASTM A82/A82M, welded construction. Tack welding will not be acceptable
in reinforcement used for wall ties. Wire shall have zinc coating
conforming to ASTM A153/A153M, Class B-2. All wires shall be a minimum of
[9] [_____] gauge. Reinforcement shall be ladder type design, having one
height of the face shell of the unit in mm inches. Where walls are to
receive plaster or be faced with brick, or otherwise form an assembly; the
thickness of plaster or brick or other material in the assembly will be
included in determining the equivalent thickness. Submit calculation
results.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Compressed earth block is made by pressing
damp adobe earth into steel molds using a
high-pressure, hand-operated or hydraulic press.
Compressed earth block shall meet accepted industry

standards at a minimum. Determine standards for
reliable products and include in this paragraph.
**************************************************************************
Earth may be stabilized by adding 2 to 5 percent portland cement by weight

for semi-stabilized block, and 5 to 10 percent for fully stabilized block;
use of other stabilizing admixtures, and their proportions, shall be
prescribed by local soil conditions and codes. [250][_____] mm [10][_____]
inches thick, [100][_____] mm [4][_____] inches high, and [356][_____] mm
[14][_____] inches long, 17 to 19 kg 38 to 40 pounds, using an average of
7,585 kPa 1,100 psi for unstabilized and 20,685 kPa 3,000 psi for
stabilized.
Trim, lintels, copings, splashblocks and door sills shall be factory-made

units from a plant regularly engaged in producing precast concrete units.
Unless otherwise indicated, concrete shall be [28] [20] MPa [4,000] [3000]
psi minimum conforming to Section [03 30 00.00 10 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE] [
03 30 00 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE] using 13 mm 1/2 inch to No. 4 nominal-size
coarse aggregate, and minimum reinforcement shall be the reinforcement
required for handling of the units. Clearance of 19 mm 3/4 inch shall be
maintained between reinforcement and faces of units. Unless
precast-concrete items have been subjected during manufacture to
saturated-steam pressure of at least 827 kPa 120 psi for at least 5 hours,
the items, after casting, shall be either damp-cured for 24 hours or
steam-cured and shall then be aged under cover for 28 days or longer.
Cast-concrete members weighing over 35 kg 80 pounds shall have built-in
loops of galvanized wire or other approved provisions for lifting and
anchoring. Units shall have beds and joints at right angles to the face,
with sharp true arises and shall be cast with drip grooves on the underside
where units overhang walls. Exposed-to-view surfaces shall be free of
surface voids, spalls, cracks, and chipped or broken edges. Precast units
exposed-to-view shall be of uniform appearance and color. Unless otherwise
specified, units shall have a smooth dense finish. Prior to use, each item
shall be wetted and inspected for crazing. Items showing evidence of
dusting, spalling, crazing, or having surfaces treated with a protective
coating will be rejected. Submit specified factory certificates.
2.7.1 Lintels
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Insert strength of concrete; precast lintels
usually range from 17 to 25 MPa (2500 to 3500 psi).
**************************************************************************
Precast lintels, unless otherwise shown, shall be of a thickness equal to
the wall and reinforced with two No. 4 bars for the full length. Top of
lintels shall be labeled "TOP" or otherwise identified and each lintel
shall be clearly marked to show location in the structure. In reinforced
masonry, lintels shall conform to ACI 318M ACI 318 for flexural and shear
strength and shall have at least 200 mm 8 inches bearing at each end.
Concrete shall have a minimum 28 day compressive strength of [_____] MPa psi
using 13 mm 1/2 inch to No. 4 nominal-size coarse aggregate.
Reinforcement shall conform to ASTM A615/A615M Grade 400 MPa 60,000 psi.
Limit lintel deflection due to dead plus live load to L/600 or 7 mm 0.3
inches. Provide top and bottom bars for lintels over 900 mm 36 inches in
length.
2.7.2 Sills and Copings
Sills and copings shall be cast with washes. Sills for windows having
mullions shall be cast in sections with head joints at mullions and a 6 mm
1/4 inch allowance for mortar joints. The ends of sills, except a 19 mm
3/4 inch wide margin at exposed surfaces, shall be roughened for bond.
Treads of door sills shall have rounded nosings. [Reinforce sills with not
less than two No. 15 No. 4 bars.]
2.7.3 Splash Blocks
Splash blocks shall be as detailed. Reinforcement shall be the

manufacturer's standard.
2.7.4 Flue Linings and Thimbles
ASTM C315, free from fractures. Sizes and shapes shall be as indicated.
2.8 STONE ITEMS
**************************************************************************
NOTE: The stone specified herein is for structures
requiring a limited quantity of cut stone. Where
previous experience indicates difficulty in
obtaining precast concrete trim of the specified
quality, stone may be specified as a Contractor's
option.
**************************************************************************
Submit samples as specified. Stone for trim, sills, lintels, and copings
shall be limestone, sandstone, or granite, and shall be cut to the design
shown. Sandstone shall be standard grade, buff, gray, or buff brown, with
a smooth finish free from clay pits and tool marks. Granite shall be a
good commercial grade building granite of medium or moderately coarse
grain, and a light or medium gray or light pink color, with a smooth
machine finish on washes, 4-cut finish on treads, and 6-cut or equivalent
machine finish on other exposed surfaces. Limestone shall be standard buff
limestone with a smooth machine finish free from tool marks. Lintels,
except when supported by a steel member, shall be 100 mm 4 inches or more
thick from face to back edge and of the depth required to support the
masonry over the opening. Stone shall have beds and joints at right angles
to the face, with sharp, true arises. Copings and sills shall be provided
with washes, and where overhanging the walls, shall have drips cut on the
underside.
conditions as set forth in ACI 530/530.1, inspection. The Contracting
Officer will serve as inspector or will select a masonry inspector.
3.1.1 Protection
Ice or snow formed on the masonry bed shall be thawed by the application of
heat. Heat shall be applied carefully until the top surface of the masonry
is dry to the touch. Sections of masonry deemed frozen and damaged shall
be removed before continuing construction of those sections.
a. Air Temperature 4 to 0 degrees C 40 to 32 Degrees F. Sand or mixing

water shall be heated to produce mortar temperatures between 4 and 49
degrees C 40 and 120 degrees F
b. Air Temperature 0 to minus 4 degrees C 32 to 25 Degrees F. Sand and

mixing water shall be heated to produce mortar temperatures between 4
and 49 degrees C 40 and 120 degrees F. Temperature of mortar on boards
shall be maintained above freezing.
c. Air Temperature minus 4 to minus 7 degrees C 25 to 20 Degrees F. Sand

and mixing water shall be heated to provide mortar temperatures between
4 and 49 degrees C 40 and 120 degrees F. Temperature of mortar on
boards shall be maintained above freezing. Sources of heat shall be
used on both sides of walls under construction. Windbreaks shall be
employed when wind is in excess of 24 km/hour 15 mph.
d. Air Temperature minus 7 degrees C 20 Degrees F and below. Sand and

mixing water shall be heated to provide mortar temperatures between 4
and 49 degrees C 40 and 120 degrees F. Enclosure and auxiliary heat
shall be provided to maintain air temperature above 0 degrees C 32
degrees F. Temperature of units when laid shall not be less than minus
7 degrees C 20 degrees F.
a. Mean daily air temperature 4 to 0 degrees C 40 to 32 degrees F.

Masonry shall be protected from rain or snow for 24 hours by covering
with weather-resistive membrane.
b. Mean daily air temperature 0 to minus 4 degrees C 32 to 25 degrees F.

Masonry shall be completely covered with weather-resistant membrane for
24 hours.
c. Mean Daily Air Temperature minus 4 to minus 7 degrees C 25 to 20

degrees F. Masonry shall be completely covered with insulating
blankets or equally protected for 24 hours.
d. Mean Daily Temperature minus 7 degrees C 20 degrees F and Below.

Masonry temperature shall be maintained above 0 degrees C 32 degrees F
for 24 hours by enclosure and supplementary heat, by electric heating
blankets, infrared heat lamps, or other approved methods.
3.1.3 Stains
Protect exposed surfaces from mortar and other stains. When mortar joints
are tooled, remove mortar from exposed surfaces with fiber brushes and
wooden paddles. Protect base of walls from splash stains by covering
adjacent ground with sand, sawdust, or polyethylene.
3.1.4 Loads
Do not apply uniform loads for at least 12 hours or concentrated loads for
at least 72 hours after masonry is constructed. Provide temporary bracing
as required.
3.1.5 Surfaces
Clean surfaces on which masonry is to be placed of laitance, dust, dirt,

oil, organic matter, or other foreign materials and slightly roughen to
provide a surface texture with a depth of at least 3 mm 1/8 inch.
Sandblast, if necessary, to remove laitance from pores and to expose the
aggregate.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Specify bond pattern for each type of
masonry. Where more than one bond pattern is
required, the drawings should indicate the location
and extent of each bond pattern. Bond patterns for
reinforced hollow masonry construction should be
such that cores of units will be in alignment
vertically. Where stacked bond is specified in
reinforced hollow masonry, horizontal rebars shall
be provided at 600 mm (2 foot) intervals or
horizontal joint reinforcement must be required in
every other horizontal joint to provide mechanical
bond between adjacent units. Veneers should be
anchored at 300 mm (12 inches) on centers vertically
when stacked bond is used and 400 mm (16 inches) on
centers vertically when running bond is used. The
use of stacked bond is discouraged and should only
be permitted for small wall areas to give an
architectural feature, such as for a building
entrance detail.
**************************************************************************
a. Coordinate masonry work with the work of other trades to accommodate

built-in items and to avoid cutting and patching. Masonry units shall
be laid in [running] [stacked] [the indicated] bond pattern. Facing
courses shall be level with back-up courses, unless the use of
adjustable ties has been approved in which case the tolerances shall be
plus or minus 13 mm 1/2 inch. Each unit shall be adjusted to its final
position while mortar is still soft and plastic.
b. Units that have been disturbed after the mortar has stiffened shall be
removed, cleaned, and relaid with fresh mortar. Air spaces, cavities,
chases, expansion joints, and spaces to be grouted shall be kept free
from mortar and other debris. Units used in exposed masonry surfaces
shall be selected from those having the least amount of chipped edges
or other imperfections detracting from the appearance of the finished
work. Vertical joints shall be kept plumb.
c. Units being laid and surfaces to receive units shall be free of water
film and frost. Solid units shall be laid in a nonfurrowed full bed of
mortar. Mortar for veneer wythes shall be beveled and sloped toward
the center of the wythe from the cavity side. Units shall be shoved
into place so that the vertical joints are tight. Vertical joints of
brick and the vertical face shells of concrete masonry units, except
where indicated at control, expansion, and isolation joints, shall be
completely filled with mortar. Mortar will be permitted to protrude up
to 13 mm 1/2 inch into the space or cells to be grouted. Means shall
be provided to prevent mortar from dropping into the space below.
d. In double wythe construction, the inner wythe may be brought up not

more than 400 mm 16 inches ahead of the outer wythe. Collar joints
shall be filled with mortar or grout during the laying of the facing
wythe, and filling shall not lag the laying of the facing wythe by more
than 200 mm 8 inches.
Provide bracing and scaffolding as required. Design bracing to resist wind

pressure as required by local codes. Forms and shores shall be
sufficiently rigid to prevent deflections which may result in cracking or
other damage to supported masonry and sufficiently tight to prevent leakage
of mortar and grout. Supporting forms and shores shall not be removed in
less than 10 days.
**************************************************************************
for both the masonry units and the mortar. This is
a regional requirement which shall be used, when
masonry units.
**************************************************************************
Where vertical reinforcement occurs, fill cores solid with grout. Lay
units in such a manner as to preserve the unobstructed vertical continuity
of cores to be filled. Embed the adjacent webs in mortar to prevent
leakage of grout. Remove mortar fins protruding from joints before placing
grout. Minimum clear dimensions of vertical cores shall be 50 by 75 mm 2
by 3 inches. Position reinforcing accurately as indicated before placing
grout. As masonry work progresses, secure vertical reinforcing in place at
vertical intervals not to exceed 160 bar diameters. Use puddling rod or
vibrator to consolidate the grout. Minimum clear distance between masonry
and vertical reinforcement shall be not less than 13 mm 1/2 inch. Unless
indicated or specified otherwise, form splices by lapping bars not less
than 40 bar diameters and wire tying them together.
Units in piers, pilasters, columns, starting courses on footings, solid

foundation walls, lintels, and beams, and where cells are to be filled with
grout shall be full bedded in mortar under both face shells and webs.
Other units shall be full bedded under both face shells. Head joints shall
be filled solidly with mortar for a distance in from the face of the unit
not less than the thickness of the face shell. Foundation walls below
grade shall be grouted solid. Jamb units shall be of the shapes and sizes
to conform with wall units. Solid units may be incorporated in the masonry
work where necessary to fill out at corners, gable slopes, and elsewhere as
approved. Double walls shall be stiffened at wall-mounted plumbing
fixtures by use of strap anchors, two above each fixture and two below each
fixture, located to avoid pipe runs, and extending from center to center of
the double wall. Walls and partitions shall be adequately reinforced for
support of wall-hung plumbing fixtures when chair carriers are not
specified.
3.2.4 Clay or Shale Brick Units
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Specify type of bond required, if other than
running bond is desired.
**************************************************************************
Lay brick facing with the better face exposed. Lay brick in running bond
with each course bonded at corners, unless otherwise indicated. Lay molded
brick with the frog side down. Brick that is cored, recessed, or has other
deformations may be used in sills, treads, soldier courses, except where
deformations will be exposed to view. [Lay fire brick by dipping each
brick in a soft mixture of fire clay and water and then rubbing the brick
into place with joints as thin as practicable or provide refractory mortar
with joints not more than 10 mm 3/8 inch thick.]
3.2.4.1 Wetting of Units
**************************************************************************
NOTE: If clay, shale brick, or hollow brick is
specified, include wetting requirements for units
having an initial rate of absorption of more than
0.155 gm per minute per square cm (1 gm per minute
per square inch) (one gram per minute per square
inch) of bed surface.
**************************************************************************
Wetting of clay, shale brick, or hollow brick units having an initial rate
of absorption of more than 0.155 gm per minute per square cm 1 gram per
minute per square inch of bed surface shall be in conformance with ASTM C67.
The method of wetting shall ensure that each unit is nearly saturated but
surface dry when laid. Test clay or shale brick daily on the job, prior to
laying, as follows: Using a wax pencil, draw a circle the size of a
quarter on five randomly selected bricks. Apply 20 drops of water with a
medicine dropper to the surface within the circle on each brick. If the
average time that the water is completely absorbed in the five bricks is
less than 1-1/2 minutes, wet bricks represented by the five bricks tested.
3.2.4.2 Solid Units
Completely fill bed, head, and collar joints with mortar.
3.2.4.3 Hollow Units
Lay hollow units as specified for concrete masonry units.
3.2.4.4 Brick-Faced Walls
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Use the first bracketed option for masonry
cavity wall construction. Use the second bracketed
option for cold-formed steel framing and brick
veneer.
**************************************************************************
For brick-faced walls [bond the two wythes in every sixth brick course with
continuous horizontal joint reinforcement.] [bond brick in the pattern as
indicated on the drawings.] Provide additional bonding ties spaced not
more than one meter 3 feet apart around the perimeter of and within 300 mm
12 inches of all openings.
a. Collar Joints: Fill collar joints solid with mortar as each course of
brick is laid. Do not disturb units in place.
b. Brick Sills: Lay brick on edge, slope, and project not less than 13 mm
1/2 inch beyond the face of the wall to form a wash and drip. Fill all
joints solidly with mortar and tool.
3.2.4.5 Cavity Walls
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Include weep holes and dampproofing
requirements in geographic areas where these are
acceptable practices. Specify dampproofing for
projects utilizing concrete masonry unit interior
wythe cavity walls. Now that masonry wall cavities
are usually at least half full of rigid board
insulation, and the backup wythe is usually complete
before the brickwork is started, the wood strip
method of keeping the cavities clean is neither
practicable nor effective. The specified method for
concrete masonry unit and brick cavity wall is
effective, but may be deleted if the specifier is
reluctant to require it. Care must be taken (1) to
prevent damage to mortar joints, especially adjacent
to the washout holes, and (2) to prevent
accumulation of water at the bottom of the wall.
The cavities must be inspected to verify that they
are clean and functional.
For NAVFAC SE projects, use second bracketed

statement in the eighth sentence.
**************************************************************************
Provide a continuous cavity as indicated. Securely tie the two wythes

together with horizontal joint reinforcement. Bevel mortar beds away from
cavity to prevent projection into cavity when bricks are shoved in place.
Keep cavities clear and clean of mortar droppings. [At the bottom of
cavity walls, in the course immediately above the through-wall flashing,
temporarily omit one brick every 1200 mm 4 feet. With a hose and clean
water, wash all mortar droppings and debris out of the cavity through the
temporary openings at least twice each day masonry is laid, and more often
when required to keep the cavities clean. Fill in the openings with bricks
and mortar after the wall is complete and the cavity has been inspected and
found clean.] Provide weep holes of open head joints spaced 600 mm 24
inches o.c. [wherever the cavity is interrupted] [at base of wall and
vertical obstructions (e.g. lintels)]. [Cavity face of interior wythe
shall be dampproofed in accordance with Section 07 11 13 BITUMINOUS
DAMPPROOFING.]
3.2.4.6 Reinforced Brick Walls
Provide two wythes of brick separated by a [_____] mm inch wide continuous

space filled with [grout] [bricks "floated" in grout] and reinforced as
indicated. Bevel mortar beds away from grout space to prevent projection
into grout space when bricks are shoved in place. Deeply furrowed bed
joints will not be permitted. Lay exterior wythe of brick to the height of
each grout pour in advance of interior wythe. Clean grout space and set
reinforcing before laying interior wythe. Provide metal ties to prevent
spreading of the wythes and to maintain vertical alignment of walls.
Position reinforcing as indicated. Wire vertical reinforcing securely in
position as the brickwork progresses. Use puddling rod or vibrator to
consolidate the grout. The minimum clear distance between parallel bars
shall be the nominal diameter of the bars; the minimum clear distance
between masonry and reinforcing shall be 6 mm 1/4 inch. Unless indicated
or specified otherwise, form splices by lapping bars not less than 40 bar
diameters and wire tying them together. Stagger splices in adjacent
horizontal bars.
3.2.4.7 Chimneys
**************************************************************************
NOTE: If a chimney wall is 200 mm (8 inches) or
less in thickness, the space between the flue liner
and brickwork should be kept clean and clear to
avoid cracking the brickwork.
**************************************************************************
Construct chimneys of brick with clay flue linings of the sizes indicated.
Extend flue linings from 300 mm 12 inches below the smoke inlet to 100 mm 4
inches above the chimney cap. Place thimbles as indicated, flush with
inside of or up to 25 mm one inch into the flue lining. Set linings in
fire clay mortar or refractory mortar and fill and smooth the joints on the
inside. Set each section of flue lining before surrounding brickwork
reaches top of flue lining section below. Build brickwork around lining,
and [fill the space] [leave a 25 mm one inch airspace] between lining and
brickwork [with grout]. [Seal top of airspace before installing chimney
cap.] Do not cut linings after they are installed in chimney. Unless
indicated otherwise, provide a chimney cap of air-entrained concrete.
Slope cap to a minimum edge thickness of 50 mm 2 inches and reinforce with
two rings of No. 3 gage galvanized steel wire.
3.2.4.8 Brick Veneer
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Use this paragraph when cold-formed steel
framing and brick veneer construction is required.
**************************************************************************
Provide a continuous cavity as indicated. Install brick veneer after

sheathing, masonry anchors, and flashing have been installed to the
cold-formed steel framing system. Care shall be provided to avoid damaging
the moisture barrier. Damaged moisture barrier and flashing shall be
repaired or replaced before brick veneer is installed. Means shall be
provided to keep cavities clean and clear of mortar droppings.
3.2.5 Tolerances
Lay masonry plumb, true to line, with courses level. Keep bond pattern
plumb throughout. Square corners unless noted otherwise. Except for walls
constructed of prefaced concrete masonry units, lay masonry within the
following tolerances (plus or minus unless otherwise noted):
TABLE II TOLERANCES
Variation from the plumb in the lines and surfaces of columns, walls
and arises
In adjacent masonry units 3 mm1/8 inch
In 3 m 10 feet 6 mm1/4 inch
In 12 m 40 feet or more 13 mm1/2 inch
Variations from the plumb for external corners, expansion joints, and
other conspicuous lines
Variations from the level for exposed lintels, sills, parapets,

horizontal grooves, and other conspicuous lines
Variation from level for bed joints and top surfaces of bearing walls
Variations from horizontal lines
Variations in cross sectional dimensions of columns and in thickness of

walls
Minus 6 mm1/4 inch
Plus 13 mm1/2 inch
Full units of the proper size shall be used wherever possible, in lieu of
cut units. Cutting and fitting, including that required to accommodate the
work of others, shall be done by masonry mechanics using power masonry
saws. Concrete masonry units may be wet or dry cut. Wet cut units, before
being placed in the work, shall be dried to the same surface-dry appearance
as uncut units being laid in the wall. Cut edges shall be clean, true and
sharp. Openings in the masonry shall be made carefully so that wall
plates, cover plates or escutcheons required by the installation will
completely conceal the openings and will have bottoms parallel with the
masonry bed joints. Reinforced masonry lintels shall be provided above
openings over 300 mm 12 inches wide for pipes, ducts, cable trays, and
other wall penetrations, unless steel sleeves are used.
3.2.7 Jointing
Joints shall be tooled when the mortar is thumbprint hard. Horizontal

joints shall be tooled last. Joints shall be brushed to remove all loose
and excess mortar. Mortar joints shall be finished as follows:
Joints in concealed masonry surfaces and joints at electrical outlet boxes

in wet areas shall be flush cut. Flush cut joints shall be made by cutting
off the mortar flush with the face of the wall. Joints in unparged masonry
walls below grade shall be pointed tight. Flush joints for architectural
units, such as fluted units, shall completely fill both the head and bed
joints.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Joints in exterior masonry walls exposed to
weather will be tooled with an approved mortar
joint, typically a slightly concave joint. Other
joints that are suitable for weathertight
construction and may be considered for architectural
purposes are: Vee, Beaded, or Weathered types.
Exposed to view or painted interior masonry walls
will also be tooled, typically with a slightly
concaved joint, but may also be tooled with other
joint types as architecturally desired.
**************************************************************************
Joints in exposed exterior and interior masonry surfaces shall be tooled

[slightly concave] [_____]. Joints shall be tooled with a jointer slightly
larger than the joint width so that complete contact is made along the
edges of the unit. Tooling shall be performed so that the mortar is
compressed and the joint surface is sealed. Jointer of sufficient length
shall be used to obtain a straight and true mortar joint.
On the exposed interior side of exterior frames, joints between frames and
abutting masonry walls shall be raked to a depth of 10 mm 3/8 inch. On the
exterior side of exterior frames, joints between frames and abutting
masonry walls shall be raked to a depth of 10 mm 3/8 inch.
3.2.8 Joint Widths
Joint widths shall be as follows:
Concrete masonry units shall have 10 mm 3/8 inch joints, except for
prefaced concrete masonry units.
Prefaced concrete masonry units shall have a joint width of 10 mm 3/8 inch
wide on unfaced side and not less than 5 mm 3/16 inch nor more than 6 mm
1/4 inch wide on prefaced side.
3.2.8.3 Brick
Brick joint widths shall be the difference between the actual and nominal
dimensions of the brick in either height or length. Brick expansion joint
widths shall be as shown.
Fill spaces around built-in items with mortar. Point openings around
flush-mount electrical outlet boxes in wet locations with mortar. Embed
anchors, ties, wall plugs, accessories, flashing, pipe sleeves and other
items required to be built-in as the masonry work progresses. Fully embed
anchors, ties and joint reinforcement in the mortar. Fill cells receiving
anchor bolts and cells of the first course below bearing plates with grout.
Step back unfinished work for joining with new work. Toothing may be
resorted to only when specifically approved. Remove loose mortar and
thoroughly clean the exposed joints before laying new work.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Details will be shown on the drawings which
illustrate corners and intersections of structural
bond beam reinforcement and factory-formed joint
reinforcement. When joint reinforcement is not
used, delete prefabricated corners or tee pieces.
**************************************************************************
Masonry bond each course at corners and elsewhere as shown. Masonry walls
shall be anchored or tied together at corners and intersections with bond
beam reinforcement and prefabricated corner or tee pieces of joint
reinforcement as shown.
3.2.12 Partitions
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Walls and partitions which serve as fire
walls or fire-rated walls will be shown. Sections
and details of these walls will clearly indicate the
extent of such walls. Non-structural masonry
partition walls will not be tied in any way to
structural or exterior masonry walls. Isolation
joints will be used at these intersections. When
100 mm (4 inch) masonry partitions are not used,
delete reference to these units and their
intersections.
**************************************************************************
Partitions shall be continuous from floor to underside of floor or roof

deck where shown. Openings in firewalls around joists or other structural
members shall be filled as indicated or approved. Where suspended ceilings
on both sides of partitions are indicated, the partitions other than those
shown to be continuous may be stopped approximately 100 mm 4 inches above
the ceiling level. An isolation joint shall be placed in the intersection
between partitions and structural or exterior walls as shown. Interior
partitions having 100 mm 4 inch nominal thick units shall be tied to
intersecting partitions of 100 mm 4 inch units, 125 mm 5 inches into
partitions of 150 mm 6 inch units, and 175 7 inches into partitions of 200
mm 8 inch or thicker units. Cells within vertical plane of ties shall be
filled solid with grout for full height of partition or solid masonry units
may be used. Interior partitions having masonry walls over 100 mm 4 inches
thick shall be tied together with joint reinforcement. Partitions
containing joint reinforcement shall be provided with prefabricated pieces
at corners and intersections or partitions.
Install according to manufacturer instructions and accepted industry

standards.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Adjustable joint reinforcement assemblies may
be used at locations of low seismic activity where
the design wind speed is less than 160 km/hr (100
mph); designer must follow the guidance provided in
UFC 3-310-04 SEISMIC DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS for any
seismic design. Adjustable assemblies are normally
used when constructing one wythe independent of the
other. If the design does not permit this type of
construction, delete the reference pertaining to
adjustable joint reinforcement assemblies. The
preferred method of construction, however, is to
bring the wythes up together. Typically, continuous
joint reinforcement is used to tie the two wythes
together as well as providing for shrinkage cracking
control. Continuous joint reinforcement, used as
wall ties, will typically be spaced not over 400 mm
(16 inches) on center vertically. Spacing of joint
reinforcement will be shown on the contract drawings.
**************************************************************************
Completely separate the inner and outer wythes by a continuous airspace as

indicated. Lay up both the inner and the outer wythes together except when
adjustable joint reinforcement assemblies are approved for use. When both
wythes are not brought up together, through-wall flashings shall be
protected from damage until they are fully enclosed in the wall. The
airspace between the wythes shall be kept clear and free of mortar
droppings by temporary wood strips laid on the wall ties and carefully
lifted out before placing the next row of ties. A coarse gravel or
drainage material shall be placed behind the weep holes in the cavity to a
minimum depth of 100 mm 4 inches of coarse aggregate or 250 mm 10 inches of
drainage material to keep mortar droppings from plugging the weep holes.
3.5 WEEP HOLES
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Include weep holes and dampproofing
requirements in geographic areas where these are
acceptable practices. Specify dampproofing in
Division 7 of the project specification for projects
utilizing concrete masonry unit interior wythe
cavity walls. Now that masonry wall cavities are
usually at least half full of rigid board
insulation, and the backup wythe is usually complete
before the brickwork is started, the wood strip
method of keeping the cavities clean is neither
practicable nor effective. The specified method for
concrete masonry unit and brick cavity wall is
effective, but may be deleted if the specifier is
reluctant to require it. Care must be taken (1) to
prevent damage to mortar joints, especially adjacent
to the washout holes, and (2) to prevent
accumulation of water at the bottom of the wall.
The cavities must be inspected to verify that they
are clean and functional. Weep holes and
ventilators shall be located to ensure that in
severe weather, wind driven water does not enter and
drain into the interstitial space. Indicate
acceptable locations on drawings.
For NAVFAC SE projects, delete the second sentence

and substitute with the following: "Weep holes shall
be full open head joints 600 mm (20 inches) o.c. for
brick faced walls and minimum 50 mm (2 inch) open
head joints 900 mm (32 inches) o.c. for concrete
masonry unit construction."
**************************************************************************
Wherever through-wall flashing occurs, provide weep holes to drain flashing

to exterior at acceptable locations as indicated on drawings. Weep holes
shall be [open head joints].[clear round holes not less than 6 mm 1/4 inch
in diameter] at 600 mm 24 inches o.c. Weep holes shall be provided not
more than 600 mm 24 inches on centers in mortar joints of the exterior
wythe above wall flashing, over foundations, bond beams, and any other
horizontal interruptions of the cavity. Weep holes shall be perfectly
horizontal or slightly canted downward to encourage water drainage outward
and not inward. [Weep holes shall be formed by placing short lengths of
well-greased No. 10, 8 mm 5/16 inch nominal diameter, braided cotton sash
cord in the mortar and withdrawing the cords after the wall has been
completed.] [Weep holes shall be constructed using weep hole ventilators.]
Other approved methods may be used for providing weep holes. Weep holes
shall be kept free of mortar and other obstructions.
3.6 COMPOSITE WALLS
Tie masonry wythes together with joint reinforcement or with unit wall
ties. Anchor facing to concrete backing with wire dovetail anchors set in
slots built in the face of the concrete as specified in Section [
03 30 00.00 10 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE][03 30 00 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE].
Anchor or tie the facing wythe to the backup at a maximum spacing of 400 mm
16 inches on center vertically and 600 mm 24 inches on center
Technical Notes 18A for crack control. Show
locations and details on project drawings. This is
projects in other areas.
Reinforced membrane flashing should only be an

option for residential construction. Do not use
polyester film flashing on any other type
construction projects.
Copper may stain masonry and deteriorate in high

chloride environments.
**************************************************************************
Provide Through Wall Flashing as specified in Section 07 60 00 FLASHING AND

SHEET METAL. Provide one of the following types [except that flashing
indicated to terminate in reglets shall be metal or coated-metal flashing]
[and] [except that the material shall be one which is not adversely
affected by dampproofing material.]
a. Coated-Copper Flashing: 0.2 kg 7 ounce, electrolytic copper sheet,

uniformly coated on both sides with acidproof, alkaliproof, elastic
bituminous compound. Factory apply coating to a weight of not less than
1.8 kg/square meter 6 ounces/square foot (approximately 0.9 kg/square
meter 3 ounces/square foot on each side).
b. Copper or Stainless Steel Flashing: Copper, ASTM B370, minimum 450 kg

16 ounce weight; stainless steel, ASTM A167, Type 301, 302, 304, or
316, 0.4 mm 0.015 inch thick, No. 2D finish. Provide with
factory-fabricated deformations that mechanically bond flashing against
horizontal movement in all directions. Deformations shall consist of
dimples, diagonal corrugations, or a combination of dimples and
transverse corrugations.
[c. Reinforced Membrane Flashing: Polyester film core with a reinforcing

fiberglass scrim bonded to one side. The membrane shall be impervious
to moisture, flexible, and not affected by caustic alkalis. The
material, after being exposed for not less than 1/2 hour to a
temperature of 0 degrees C 32 degrees F, shall show no cracking when,
at that temperature, it is bent 180 degrees over a 2 mm 1/16 inch
diameter mandrel and then bent at the same point over the same size
mandrel in the opposite direction 360 degrees.]
2.20 WEEP HOLE VENTILATORS
Weep hole ventilators shall be prefabricated aluminum, plastic or wood

blocking sized to form the proper size opening in head joints. Provide
aluminum and plastic inserts with grill or screen-type openings designed to
allow the passage of moisture from cavities and to prevent the entrance or
insects. Ventilators shall be sized to match modular construction with a
standard 10 mm 3/8 inch mortar joint.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 PREPARATION
Prior to start of work, masonry inspector shall verify the applicable
conditions as set forth in ACI 530/530.1, inspection. The Contracting
Officer will serve as inspector or will select a masonry inspector.
3.1.1 Protection
Ice or snow formed on the masonry bed shall be thawed by the application of
heat. Heat shall be applied carefully until the top surface of the masonry
is dry to the touch. Sections of masonry deemed frozen and damaged shall
be removed before continuing construction of those sections.
a. Air Temperature 4 to 0 degrees C 40 to 32 Degrees F. Sand or mixing

water shall be heated to produce mortar temperatures between 4 and 49
degrees C 40 and 120 degrees F
b. Air Temperature 0 to minus 4 degrees C 32 to 25 Degrees F. Sand and

mixing water shall be heated to produce mortar temperatures between 4
and 49 degrees C 40 and 120 degrees F. Temperature of mortar on boards
shall be maintained above freezing.
c. Air Temperature minus 4 to minus 7 degrees C 25 to 20 Degrees F. Sand

and mixing water shall be heated to provide mortar temperatures between
4 and 49 degrees C 40 and 120 degrees F. Temperature of mortar on
boards shall be maintained above freezing. Sources of heat shall be
used on both sides of walls under construction. Windbreaks shall be
employed when wind is in excess of 24 km/hour 15 mph.
d. Air Temperature minus 7 degrees C 20 Degrees F and below. Sand and

mixing water shall be heated to provide mortar temperatures between 4
and 49 degrees C 40 and 120 degrees F. Enclosure and auxiliary heat
shall be provided to maintain air temperature above 0 degrees C 32
degrees F. Temperature of units when laid shall not be less than minus
7 degrees C 20 degrees F.
a. Mean daily air temperature 4 to 0 degrees C 40 to 32 degrees F.

Masonry shall be protected from rain or snow for 24 hours by covering
with weather-resistive membrane.
b. Mean daily air temperature 0 to minus 4 degrees C 32 to 25 degrees F.

Masonry shall be completely covered with weather-resistant membrane for
24 hours.
c. Mean Daily Air Temperature minus 4 to minus 7 degrees C 25 to 20

degrees F. Masonry shall be completely covered with insulating
blankets or equally protected for 24 hours.
d. Mean Daily Temperature minus 7 degrees C 20 degrees F and Below.

Masonry temperature shall be maintained above 0 degrees C 32 degrees F
for 24 hours by enclosure and supplementary heat, by electric heating
blankets, infrared heat lamps, or other approved methods.
3.1.3 Stains
Protect exposed surfaces from mortar and other stains. When mortar joints
are tooled, remove mortar from exposed surfaces with fiber brushes and
wooden paddles. Protect base of walls from splash stains by covering
adjacent ground with sand, sawdust, or polyethylene.
3.1.4 Loads
Do not apply uniform loads for at least 12 hours or concentrated loads for
at least 72 hours after masonry is constructed. Provide temporary bracing
as required.
3.1.5 Surfaces
Clean surfaces on which masonry is to be placed of laitance, dust, dirt,

oil, organic matter, or other foreign materials and slightly roughen to
provide a surface texture with a depth of at least 3 mm 1/8 inch.
Sandblast, if necessary, to remove laitance from pores and to expose the
aggregate.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Specify bond pattern for each type of
masonry. Where more than one bond pattern is
required, the drawings should indicate the location
and extent of each bond pattern. Bond patterns for
reinforced hollow masonry construction should be
such that cores of units will be in alignment
vertically. Where stacked bond is specified in
reinforced hollow masonry, horizontal rebars shall
be provided at 600 mm (2 foot) intervals or
horizontal joint reinforcement must be required in
every other horizontal joint to provide mechanical
bond between adjacent units. Veneers should be
anchored at 300 mm (12 inches) on centers vertically
when stacked bond is used and 400 mm (16 inches) on
centers vertically when running bond is used. The
use of stacked bond is discouraged and should only
be permitted for small wall areas to give an
architectural feature, such as for a building
entrance detail.
**************************************************************************
a. Coordinate masonry work with the work of other trades to accommodate

built-in items and to avoid cutting and patching. Masonry units shall
be laid in [running] [stacked] [the indicated] bond pattern. Facing
courses shall be level with back-up courses, unless the use of
adjustable ties has been approved in which case the tolerances shall be
plus or minus 13 mm 1/2 inch. Each unit shall be adjusted to its final
position while mortar is still soft and plastic.
b. Units that have been disturbed after the mortar has stiffened shall be
removed, cleaned, and relaid with fresh mortar. Air spaces, cavities,
chases, expansion joints, and spaces to be grouted shall be kept free
from mortar and other debris. Units used in exposed masonry surfaces
shall be selected from those having the least amount of chipped edges
or other imperfections detracting from the appearance of the finished
work. Vertical joints shall be kept plumb.
c. Units being laid and surfaces to receive units shall be free of water
film and frost. Solid units shall be laid in a nonfurrowed full bed of
mortar. Mortar for veneer wythes shall be beveled and sloped toward
the center of the wythe from the cavity side. Units shall be shoved
into place so that the vertical joints are tight. Vertical joints of
brick and the vertical face shells of concrete masonry units, except
where indicated at control, expansion, and isolation joints, shall be
completely filled with mortar. Mortar will be permitted to protrude up
to 13 mm 1/2 inch into the space or cells to be grouted. Means shall
be provided to prevent mortar from dropping into the space below.
d. In double wythe construction, the inner wythe may be brought up not

more than 400 mm 16 inches ahead of the outer wythe. Collar joints
shall be filled with mortar or grout during the laying of the facing
wythe, and filling shall not lag the laying of the facing wythe by more
than 200 mm 8 inches.
Provide bracing and scaffolding as required. Design bracing to resist wind

pressure as required by local codes. Forms and shores shall be
sufficiently rigid to prevent deflections which may result in cracking or
other damage to supported masonry and sufficiently tight to prevent leakage
of mortar and grout. Supporting forms and shores shall not be removed in
less than 10 days.
**************************************************************************
for both the masonry units and the mortar. This is
masonry units.
**************************************************************************
Where vertical reinforcement occurs, fill cores solid with grout. Lay
units in such a manner as to preserve the unobstructed vertical continuity
of cores to be filled. Embed the adjacent webs in mortar to prevent
leakage of grout. Remove mortar fins protruding from joints before placing
grout. Minimum clear dimensions of vertical cores shall be 50 by 75 mm 2
by 3 inches. Position reinforcing accurately as indicated before placing
grout. As masonry work progresses, secure vertical reinforcing in place at
vertical intervals not to exceed 160 bar diameters. Use puddling rod or
vibrator to consolidate the grout. Minimum clear distance between masonry
and vertical reinforcement shall be not less than 13 mm 1/2 inch. Unless
indicated or specified otherwise, form splices by lapping bars not less
than 40 bar diameters and wire tying them together.
Units in piers, pilasters, columns, starting courses on footings, solid

foundation walls, lintels, and beams, and where cells are to be filled with
grout shall be full bedded in mortar under both face shells and webs.
Other units shall be full bedded under both face shells. Head joints shall
be filled solidly with mortar for a distance in from the face of the unit
not less than the thickness of the face shell. Foundation walls below
grade shall be grouted solid. Jamb units shall be of the shapes and sizes
to conform with wall units. Solid units may be incorporated in the masonry
work where necessary to fill out at corners, gable slopes, and elsewhere as
approved. Double walls shall be stiffened at wall-mounted plumbing
Separate selected masonry waste and excess for landscape uses, either whole
or crushed as ground cover.
3.24.2 Take-Back Program
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Take-back programs refer to programs in which
the product manufacturer "takes-back" scrap material
and/or packaging associated with its product.
**************************************************************************
Collect information from manufacturer for take-back program options. Set

aside [masonry units, full and partial] [scrap] [packaging] [_____] to be
returned to manufacturer for recycling into new product. When such a
service is not available, local recyclers shall be sought after to reclaim
the materials. Submit documentation that includes contact information,
summary of procedures, and the limitations and conditions applicable to the
project. Indicate manufacturer's commitment to reclaim materials for
recycling and/or reuse.
3.25 TEST REPORTS
3.25.1 Field Testing of Mortar
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Delete this paragraph for structures having
185 square meters (2,000 square feet) or less of
wall area, including openings. See UFC 3-310-04 and
ASTM C780 for evaluating mortar test results.
**************************************************************************
Take at least three specimens of mortar each day. Spread a layer of mortar
13 to 16 mm 1/2 to 5/8 inch thick on the masonry units and allowed to stand
for one minute. Prepare and test the specimens for compressive strength in
accordance with ASTM C780. Submit test results.
3.25.2 Field Testing of Grout
**************************************************************************
wall area, including openings.
**************************************************************************
Field sampling and testing of grout shall be in accordance with the

applicable provisions of ASTM C1019. A minimum of three specimens of grout
per day shall be sampled and tested. Each specimen shall have a minimum
ultimate compressive strength of 13.8 MPa 2000 psi at 28 days. Submit test
results.
3.25.3 Efflorescence Test
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Delete this paragraph in areas where
efflorescence has not been a problem. Efflorescence
is generally the result of poor design and
detailing. Properly covered or flashed walls are
generally free of efflorescence. Efflorescence
testing is generally not required.
**************************************************************************
Test brick, which will be exposed to weathering, for efflorescence.

Schedule tests far enough in advance of starting masonry work to permit
retesting if necessary. Sampling and testing shall conform to the
applicable provisions of ASTM C67. Units meeting the definition of
"effloresced" will be subject to rejection. Submit test results.
3.25.4 Prism Tests
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Prism testing will only be required for
structures requiring masonry compressive strengths
higher than the assumed value of 9.3 MPa (1350
psi). Prism testing normally will not be required.
Delete this paragraph when prism testing is not
required.
**************************************************************************
Perform at least one prism test sample for each 465 square meters 5,000
square feet of wall but not less than three such samples shall be made for
any building. Three prisms will be used in each sample. Prisms shall be
tested in accordance with ACI 530/530.1. Seven-day tests may be used
provided the relationship between the 7- and 28-day strengths of the
masonry is established by the tests of the materials used. Compressive
strength shall not be less than [_____] MPa psi at 28 days. If the
compressive strength of any prism falls below the specified value by more
than 3.5 MPa 500 psi, steps shall be taken to assure that the load-carrying
capacity of the structure is not jeopardized. If the likelihood of
low-strength masonry is confirmed and computations indicate that the
load-carrying capacity may have been significantly reduced, tests of cores
drilled, or prisms sawed, from the area in question may be required. In
such case, three specimens shall be taken for each prism test more than 3.5
MPa 500 psi below the specified value. Masonry in the area in question
shall be considered structurally adequate if the average compressive
strength of three specimens is equal to at least 85 percent of the
specified value, and if the compressive strength of no single specimen is
less than 75 percent of the specified value. Additional testing of
specimens extracted from locations represented by erratic core or prism
strength test results will be permitted. Submit test results.
3.25.5 Single-Wythe Masonry Wall Water Penetration Test
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Include masonry wall water penetration
testing only for single-wythe masonry wall
constructions where wall water penetration will
impair mission-critical operations, create an
immediate safety hazard, or have a detrimental
impact on interior finishes. Testing evaluates the
assembled wall test panel and does not assure
compliant wall construction in the field.
**************************************************************************
Prior to start of field construction of the single-wythe masonry wall,

perform masonry wall water penetration test on mock-up wall assemblies
consisting of the identical design, materials, mix, and construction
methods as the actual wall construction and in accordance with
ASTM E514/E514M. Prepare a minimum of three specimens and cure for minimum
28 days prior to testing. Construct panels by the same methods, processes,
and applications to be used on the project's construction site. The spray
test duration shall be 6 hours for each specimen. No water shall be visible
on back of test panels during the test and any areas of dampness on the
backside of the test panels shall not exceed 25 percent of the wall area.
Dampness is defined as any area of surface darkening or discoloration due
to moisture penetration or accumulation below the observed surface.
Construct additional test panels for each failed test performed until three
test panels pass the test. Factors that can affect test performance
include materials, mixing, and quality of application and workmanship.
Materials, mixing, and methods adjustments may be necessary in order to
provide construction that passes the water penetration test. Document and
record the test specimen construction materials and application and provide
written test report in accordance with ASTM E514/E514M, supplemented by a
detailed discussion of the specifics of test panel construction,
application methods and processes used, quality of construction, and any
variances or deviations that may have occurred between test panels during
test panel construction. For failed test panels, identify in the
supplemental report any variances, deficiencies or flaws that contributed
to test panel failure and itemize the precautions to be taken in field
construction of the masonry wall to prevent similar deficiencies and assure
the wall construction replicates test panel conditions that pass the water
penetration test. Submit the complete, certified test report, including
supplemental report, to the Contracting Officer prior to start of
single-wythe masonry wall construction. Significant changes to materials,
proportions, or construction techniques from those used in the passing
water penetration test are grounds for performing new tests, at the
discretion of the Contracting Officer.
-- End of Section --
plumb throughout. Square corners unless noted otherwise. Except for walls
constructed of prefaced concrete masonry units, lay masonry within the
following tolerances (plus or minus unless otherwise noted):
TABLE II TOLERANCES
Variation from the plumb in the lines and surfaces of columns, walls
and arises
In adjacent masonry units 3 mm1/8 inch
Variations from the plumb for external corners, expansion joints, and
other conspicuous lines
Variations from the level for exposed lintels, sills, parapets,

horizontal grooves, and other conspicuous lines
Variation from level for bed joints and top surfaces of bearing walls
Variations from horizontal lines
Variations in cross sectional dimensions of columns and in thickness of

walls
Minus 6 mm1/4 inch
Plus 13 mm1/2 inch
Full units of the proper size shall be used wherever possible, in lieu of
cut units. Cutting and fitting, including that required to accommodate the
work of others, shall be done by masonry mechanics using power masonry
saws. Concrete masonry units may be wet or dry cut. Wet cut units, before
being placed in the work, shall be dried to the same surface-dry appearance
as uncut units being laid in the wall. Cut edges shall be clean, true and
sharp. Openings in the masonry shall be made carefully so that wall
plates, cover plates or escutcheons required by the installation will
completely conceal the openings and will have bottoms parallel with the
masonry bed joints. Reinforced masonry lintels shall be provided above
openings over 300 mm 12 inches wide for pipes, ducts, cable trays, and
other wall penetrations, unless steel sleeves are used.
3.2.7 Jointing
Joints shall be tooled when the mortar is thumbprint hard. Horizontal

joints shall be tooled last. Joints shall be brushed to remove all loose
and excess mortar. Mortar joints shall be finished as follows:
Joints in concealed masonry surfaces and joints at electrical outlet boxes

in wet areas shall be flush cut. Flush cut joints shall be made by cutting
off the mortar flush with the face of the wall. Joints in unparged masonry
walls below grade shall be pointed tight. Flush joints for architectural
units, such as fluted units, shall completely fill both the head and bed
joints.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Joints in exterior masonry walls exposed to
weather will be tooled with an approved mortar
joint, typically a slightly concave joint. Other
joints that are suitable for weathertight
construction and may be considered for architectural
purposes are: Vee, Beaded, or Weathered types.
Exposed to view or painted interior masonry walls
will also be tooled, typically with a slightly
concaved joint, but may also be tooled with other
joint types as architecturally desired.
**************************************************************************
Joints in exposed exterior and interior masonry surfaces shall be tooled

[slightly concave] [_____]. Joints shall be tooled with a jointer slightly
larger than the joint width so that complete contact is made along the
edges of the unit. Tooling shall be performed so that the mortar is
compressed and the joint surface is sealed. Jointer of sufficient length
shall be used to obtain a straight and true mortar joint.
On the exposed interior side of exterior frames, joints between frames and
abutting masonry walls shall be raked to a depth of 10 mm 3/8 inch. On the
exterior side of exterior frames, joints between frames and abutting
masonry walls shall be raked to a depth of 10 mm 3/8 inch.
3.2.8 Joint Widths
Joint widths shall be as follows:
Concrete masonry units shall have 10 mm 3/8 inch joints, except for
prefaced concrete masonry units.
Prefaced concrete masonry units shall have a joint width of 10 mm 3/8 inch
wide on unfaced side and not less than 5 mm 3/16 inch nor more than 6 mm
1/4 inch wide on prefaced side.
3.2.8.3 Brick
Brick joint widths shall be the difference between the actual and nominal
dimensions of the brick in either height or length. Brick expansion joint
widths shall be as shown.
Fill spaces around built-in items with mortar. Point openings around
flush-mount electrical outlet boxes in wet locations with mortar. Embed
anchors, ties, wall plugs, accessories, flashing, pipe sleeves and other
items required to be built-in as the masonry work progresses. Fully embed
anchors, ties and joint reinforcement in the mortar. Fill cells receiving
anchor bolts and cells of the first course below bearing plates with grout.
Step back unfinished work for joining with new work. Toothing may be
resorted to only when specifically approved. Remove loose mortar and
thoroughly clean the exposed joints before laying new work.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Details will be shown on the drawings which
illustrate corners and intersections of structural
bond beam reinforcement and factory-formed joint
reinforcement. When joint reinforcement is not
used, delete prefabricated corners or tee pieces.
**************************************************************************
Masonry bond each course at corners and elsewhere as shown. Masonry walls
shall be anchored or tied together at corners and intersections with bond
beam reinforcement and prefabricated corner or tee pieces of joint
reinforcement as shown.
3.2.12 Partitions
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Walls and partitions which serve as fire
walls or fire-rated walls will be shown. Sections
and details of these walls will clearly indicate the
extent of such walls. Non-structural masonry
partition walls will not be tied in any way to
structural or exterior masonry walls. Isolation
joints will be used at these intersections. When
100 mm (4 inch) masonry partitions are not used,
delete reference to these units and their
intersections.
**************************************************************************
Partitions shall be continuous from floor to underside of floor or roof

deck where shown. Openings in firewalls around joists or other structural
members shall be filled as indicated or approved. Where suspended ceilings
on both sides of partitions are indicated, the partitions other than those
shown to be continuous may be stopped approximately 100 mm 4 inches above
the ceiling level. An isolation joint shall be placed in the intersection
between partitions and structural or exterior walls as shown. Interior
partitions having 100 mm 4 inch nominal thick units shall be tied to
intersecting partitions of 100 mm 4 inch units, 125 mm 5 inches into
partitions of 150 mm 6 inch units, and 175 7 inches into partitions of 200
mm 8 inch or thicker units. Cells within vertical plane of ties shall be
filled solid with grout for full height of partition or solid masonry units
may be used. Interior partitions having masonry walls over 100 mm 4 inches
thick shall be tied together with joint reinforcement. Partitions
containing joint reinforcement shall be provided with prefabricated pieces
at corners and intersections or partitions.
Install according to manufacturer instructions and accepted industry

standards.
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Adjustable joint reinforcement assemblies may
be used at locations of low seismic activity where
the design wind speed is less than 160 km/hr (100
mph); designer must follow the guidance provided in
UFC 3-310-04 SEISMIC DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS for any
seismic design. Adjustable assemblies are normally
used when constructing one wythe independent of the
other. If the design does not permit this type of
construction, delete the reference pertaining to
adjustable joint reinforcement assemblies. The
preferred method of construction, however, is to
bring the wythes up together. Typically, continuous
joint reinforcement is used to tie the two wythes
together as well as providing for shrinkage cracking
control. Continuous joint reinforcement, used as
wall ties, will typically be spaced not over 400 mm
(16 inches) on center vertically. Spacing of joint
reinforcement will be shown on the contract drawings.
**************************************************************************
Completely separate the inner and outer wythes by a continuous airspace as

indicated. Lay up both the inner and the outer wythes together except when
adjustable joint reinforcement assemblies are approved for use. When both
wythes are not brought up together, through-wall flashings shall be
protected from damage until they are fully enclosed in the wall. The
airspace between the wythes shall be kept clear and free of mortar
droppings by temporary wood strips laid on the wall ties and carefully
lifted out before placing the next row of ties. A coarse gravel or
drainage material shall be placed behind the weep holes in the cavity to a
minimum depth of 100 mm 4 inches of coarse aggregate or 250 mm 10 inches of
drainage material to keep mortar droppings from plugging the weep holes.
**************************************************************************
USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-04 20 00 (February 2011)
Change 1 - 11/12
-----------------------------
Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding
UFGS-04 20 00 (February 2009)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated April 2013

**************************************************************************
SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS
DIVISION 04 - MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00
MASONRY
02/11
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
1.2.6 Metrication
1.3 SUBMITTALS
1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.4.1 Appearance
1.4.2 Contamination
1.4.3 Sample Masonry Panels
1.4.3.1 Configuration
1.4.3.2 Composition
1.4.3.3 Construction Method
1.4.3.4 Usage
1.4.4 Masonry Inspector Qualifications
1.5.1 Masonry Units
1.6 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS
1.6.1 Hot Weather Installation
1.6.2 Cold Weather Installation
PART 2 PRODUCTS
horizontally. Unit ties shall be spaced not over 600 mm 24 inches on
centers horizontally, in courses not over 400 mm 16 inches apart
vertically, staggered in alternate courses. Ties shall be laid not closer
than 16 mm 5/8 inch to either masonry face. Ties shall not extend through
control joints. Collar joints between masonry facing and masonry backup
shall be filled solidly with grout.
3.7 MORTAR MIX
Mix mortar in a mechanically operated mortar mixer for at least 3 minutes,

but not more than 5 minutes. Measure ingredients for mortar by volume.
Ingredients not in containers, such as sand, shall be accurately measured
by the use of measuring boxes. Mix water with the dry ingredients in
sufficient amount to provide a workable mixture which will adhere to the
vertical surfaces of masonry units. Retemper mortar that has stiffened
because of loss of water through evaporation by adding water to restore the
proper consistency and workability. Discard mortar that has reached its
initial set or that has not been used within [2.5] [_____] hours after
mixing.
3.8 REINFORCING STEEL
Clean reinforcement of loose, flaky rust, scale, grease, mortar, grout, or

other coating which might destroy or reduce its bond prior to placing
grout. Bars with kinks or bends not shown on the drawings shall not be
used. Reinforcement shall be placed prior to grouting. Unless otherwise
indicated, vertical wall reinforcement shall extend to within 50 mm 2 inches
of tops of walls.
3.8.1 Positioning Bars
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Positioning of bars will be shown on the
drawings.
**************************************************************************
Vertical bars shall be accurately placed within the cells at the positions
indicated on the drawings. A minimum clearance of 13 mm 1/2 inch shall be
maintained between the bars and masonry units. Minimum clearance between
parallel bars shall be one diameter of the reinforcement. Vertical
reinforcing may be held in place using bar positioners located near the
ends of each bar and at intermediate intervals of not more than 192
diameters of the reinforcement. Column and pilaster ties shall be wired in
position around the vertical steel. Ties shall be in contact with the
vertical reinforcement and shall not be placed in horizontal bed joints.
3.8.2 Splices
Bars shall be lapped a minimum of 48 diameters of the reinforcement.

Welded or mechanical connections shall develop at least 125 percent of the
specified yield strength of the reinforcement.
3.9 JOINT REINFORCEMENT INSTALLATION
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Location of horizontal joint reinforcement
should be shown on the drawings with the maximum
vertical spacing normally being 400 mm (16 inches).
**************************************************************************
Joint reinforcement shall be installed at 400 mm 16 inches on center or as
indicated. Reinforcement shall be lapped not less than 150 mm 6 inches.
Prefabricated sections shall be installed at corners and wall
intersections. The longitudinal wires of joint reinforcement shall be
placed to provide not less than 16 mm 5/8 inch cover to either face of the
unit.
3.10 PLACING GROUT
Fill cells containing reinforcing bars with grout. Hollow masonry units in
walls or partitions supporting plumbing, heating, or other mechanical
fixtures, voids at door and window jambs, and other indicated spaces shall
be filled solid with grout. Cells under lintel bearings on each side of
openings shall be filled solid with grout for full height of openings.
Walls below grade, lintels, and bond beams shall be filled solid with
grout. Units other than open end units may require grouting each course to
preclude voids in the units. Grout not in place within 1-1/2 hours after
water is first added to the batch shall be discarded. Sufficient time shall
be allowed between grout lifts to preclude displacement or cracking of face
shells of masonry units. If blowouts, flowouts, misalignment, or cracking
of face shells should occur during construction, the wall shall be torn
down and rebuilt.
3.10.1 Vertical Grout Barriers for Fully Grouted Walls
Provide grout barriers not more than 10 m 30 feet apart, or as required, to

limit the horizontal flow of grout for each pour.
3.10.2 Horizontal Grout Barriers
Embed grout barriers in mortar below cells of hollow units receiving grout.
3.10.3 Grout Holes and Cleanouts
3.10.3.1 Grout Holes
Provide grouting holes in slabs, spandrel beams, and other in-place

overhead construction. Locate holes over vertical reinforcing bars or as
required to facilitate grout fill in bond beams. Provide additional
openings spaced not more than 400 mm 16 inches on centers where grouting of
all hollow unit masonry is indicated. Openings shall not be less than 100
mm 4 inches in diameter or 75 by 100 mm 3 by 4 inches in horizontal
dimensions. Upon completion of grouting operations, plug and finish
grouting holes to match surrounding surfaces.
3.10.3.2 Cleanouts for Hollow Unit Masonry Construction
Provide cleanout holes at the bottom of every pour in cores containing

vertical reinforcement when the height of the grout pour exceeds 1.5 m 5
feet. Where all cells are to be grouted, construct cleanout courses using
bond beam units in an inverted position to permit cleaning of all cells.
Provide cleanout holes at a maximum spacing of 800 mm 32 inches where all
cells are to be filled with grout. Establish a new series of cleanouts if
grouting operations are stopped for more than 4 hours. Cleanouts shall not
be less than 75 by 100 mm 3 by 4 inch openings cut from one face shell.
Manufacturer's standard cutout units may be used at the Contractor's
option. Cleanout holes shall not be closed until masonry work,
reinforcement, and final cleaning of the grout spaces have been completed
and inspected. For walls which will be exposed to view, close cleanout
holes in an approved manner to match surrounding masonry.
3.10.3.3 Cleanouts for Solid Unit Masonry Construction
Provide cleanouts for construction of walls consisting of a grout filled

cavity between solid masonry wythes at the bottom of every pour by omitting
every other masonry unit from one wythe. Establish a new series of
cleanouts if grouting operations are stopped for more than 4 hours. Do not
plug cleanout holes until masonry work, reinforcement, and final cleaning
of the grout spaces have been completed and inspected. For walls which
will be exposed to view, close cleanout holes in an approved manner to
match surrounding masonry.
3.10.4 Grouting Equipment
3.10.4.1 Grout Pumps
Pumping through aluminum tubes will not be permitted. Operate pumps to

produce a continuous stream of grout without air pockets, segregation, or
contamination. Upon completion of each day's pumping, remove waste
materials and debris from the equipment, and dispose of outside the masonry.
3.10.4.2 Vibrators
Internal vibrators shall maintain a speed of not less than 5,000 impulses
per minute when submerged in the grout. Maintain at least one spare
vibrator at the site at all times. Apply vibrators at uniformly spaced
points not further apart than the visible effectiveness of the machine.
Limit duration of vibration to time necessary to produce satisfactory
consolidation without causing segregation.
3.10.5 Grout Placement
**************************************************************************
NOTE: On Navy projects, for concrete masonry, limit
height of grout pour to 1200 mm (4 feet) for all CMU
widths of 200 mm (8 inch) or wider and limit heights
of grout pours to 600 mm (2 feet) for all CMU widths
of 150 mm (6 inch) or less, except as required by
ACI 1530.1 which limits heights with respect to
grout type in smaller spaces
**************************************************************************
Lay masonry to the top of a pour before placing grout. Do no place grout
in two-wythe solid unit masonry cavity until mortar joints have set for at
least 3 days during hot weather and 5 days during cold damp weather. Grout
shall not be placed in hollow unit masonry until mortar joints have set for
at least 24 hours. Grout shall be placed using a hand bucket, concrete
hopper, or grout pump to completely fill the grout spaces without
segregation of the aggregates. Vibrators shall not be inserted into lower
pours that are in a semi-solidified state. The height of grout pours and
type of grout used shall be limited by the dimensions of grout spaces as
indicated in Table III. Low-lift grout methods may be used on pours up to
and including 1.5 m 5 feet in height. High-lift grout methods shall be
used on pours exceeding 1.5 m 5 feet in height.
3.10.5.1 Low-Lift Method
Grout shall be placed at a rate that will not cause displacement of the
masonry due to hydrostatic pressure of the grout. Mortar protruding more
than 13 mm 1/2 inch into the grout space shall be removed before beginning
the grouting operation. Grout pours 300 mm 12 inches or less in height
shall be consolidated by mechanical vibration or by puddling. Grout pours
over 300 mm 12 inches in height shall be consolidated by mechanical
vibration and reconsolidated by mechanical vibration after initial water
loss and settlement has occurred. Vibrators shall not be inserted into
lower pours that are in a semi-solidified state. Low-lift grout shall be
used subject to the limitations of Table III.
3.10.5.2 High-Lift Method
Mortar droppings shall be cleaned from the bottom of the grout space and
from reinforcing steel. Mortar protruding more than 6 mm 1/4 inch into the
grout space shall be removed by dislodging the projections with a rod or
stick as the work progresses. Reinforcing, bolts, and embedded connections
shall be rigidly held in position before grouting is started. CMU units
shall not be pre-wetted. Grout, from the mixer to the point of deposit in
the grout space shall be placed as rapidly as practical by pumping and
placing methods which will prevent segregation of the mix and cause a
minimum of grout splatter on reinforcing and masonry surfaces not being
immediately encased in the grout lift. The individual lifts of grout shall
be limited to 1.2 m 4 feet in height. The first lift of grout shall be
placed to a uniform height within the pour section and vibrated thoroughly
to fill all voids. This first vibration shall follow immediately behind
the pouring of the grout using an approved mechanical vibrator. After a
waiting period sufficient to permit the grout to become plastic, but before
it has taken any set, the succeeding lift shall be poured and vibrated 300
to 450 mm 12 to 18 inches into the preceding lift. If the placing of the
succeeding lift is going to be delayed beyond the period of workability of
the preceding, each lift shall be reconsolidated by reworking with a second
vibrator as soon as the grout has taken its settlement shrinkage. The
waiting, pouring, and reconsolidation steps shall be repeated until the top
of the pour is reached. The top lift shall be reconsolidated after the
required waiting period. The high-lift grouting of any section of wall
between vertical grout barriers shall be completed to the top of a pour in
one working day unless a new series of cleanout holes is established and
the resulting horizontal construction joint cleaned. High-lift grout shall
be used subject to the limitations in Table III.
TABLE III
POUR HEIGHT AND TYPE OF GROUT FOR VARIOUS GROUT SPACE DIMENSIONS
Minimum Dimensions of the Total Clear

Areas Within Grout Spaces and Cells in
mm inches (1,2)
Maximum Grout Grout Grouting Multiwythe Hollow-unit Masonry

Pour Height m Type Procedure Masonry (3)
feet (4)
0.31 Fine Low Lift 203/4 40 x 501-1/2 x 2
TABLE III
POUR HEIGHT AND TYPE OF GROUT FOR VARIOUS GROUT SPACE DIMENSIONS
Minimum Dimensions of the Total Clear

Areas Within Grout Spaces and Cells in
mm inches (1,2)
Maximum Grout Grout Grouting Multiwythe Hollow-unit Masonry

Pour Height m Type Procedure Masonry (3)
feet (4)
1.55 Fine Low Lift 502 50 x 752 x 3
2.48 Fine High Lift 502 50 x 752 x 3
3.612 Fine High Lift 652-1/2 65 x 752-1/2 x 3
7.324 Fine High Lift 753 75 x 753 x 3
0.31 Coarse Low Lift 401-1/2 40 x 751-1/2 x 3
1.55 Coarse Low Lift 502 65 x 752-1/2 x 3
2.48 Coarse High Lift 502 75 x 753 x 3
3.612 Coarse High Lift 652-1/2 75 x 753 x 3
7.324 Coarse High Lift 753 75 x 1003 x 4
Notes:
(1) The actual grout space or cell dimension shall be larger than the
sum of the following items:
(a) The required minimum dimensions of total clear areas given in
the table above;
(b) The width of any mortar projections within the space;
(c) The horizontal projections of the diameters of the horizontal
reinforcing bars within a cross section of the grout space or cell.
(2) The minimum dimensions of the total clear areas shall be made up of
one or more open areas, with at least one area being 20 mm 3/4 inch or
greater in width.
(3) For grouting spaces between masonry wythes.
(4) Where only cells of hollow masonry units containing reinforcement

are grouted, the maximum height of the pour shall not exceed the
distance between horizontal bond beams.
3.11 BOND BEAMS
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Bond beams that are continuous over openings
will be reinforced to serve as lintels.
**************************************************************************
Bond beams shall be filled with grout and reinforced as indicated on the
drawings. Grout barriers shall be installed under bond beam units to
retain the grout as required. Reinforcement shall be continuous, including
around corners, except through control joints or expansion joints, unless
otherwise indicated on the drawings. Where splices are required for
continuity, reinforcement shall be lapped 48 bar diameters. A minimum
clearance of 13 mm 1/2 inch shall be maintained between reinforcement and
interior faces of units.
3.12 CONTROL JOINTS
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Control joints will be located and detailed
on the drawings. When control joint keys are
required it is a Contractor's option to use either
special control joint units or sash jamb units with
control joint keys. If one is preferred over the
other in the design, edit this paragraph accordingly
and provide specific details on the drawings. When
control joint keys are not required, fill head
joints with mortar as detailed.
**************************************************************************
Control joints shall be provided as indicated and shall be constructed by

using [mortar to fill the head joint] [special control-joint units] [sash
jamb units with control joint key] [open end stretcher units] in accordance
with the details shown on the drawings. Sash jamb units shall have a 19 by
19 mm 3/4 by 3/4 inch groove near the center at end of each unit. The
vertical mortar joint at control joint locations shall be continuous,
including through all bond beams. This shall be accomplished by utilizing
half blocks in alternating courses on each side of the joint. The control
joint key shall be interrupted in courses containing continuous bond beam
steel. In single wythe exterior masonry walls, the exterior control joints
shall be raked to a depth of 19 mm 3/4 inch; backer rod and sealant shall
be installed in accordance with Section 07 92 00 JOINT SEALANTS. Exposed
interior control joints shall be raked to a depth of 6 mm 1/4 inch.
Concealed control joints shall be flush cut.
3.13 JOINTS SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Use a. or b. and delete the other; then add
c. to the one selected.
**************************************************************************
a. Brick expansion joints
b. Concrete masonry veneer joints
c. will be located, detailed, and constructed as shown on the drawings.

Keep joints free of mortar and other debris.
3.14 SHELF ANGLES
Adjust shelf angles as required to keep the masonry level and at the proper
elevation. Shelf angles shall be galvanized and provided in sections not
longer than 3 m 10 feet and installed with a 6 mm 1/4 inch gap between
sections. Shelf angles shall be mitered and welded at building corners
with each angle not shorter than 1.2 m 4 feet, unless limited by wall
configuration.
3.15 LINTELS
3.15.1 Masonry Lintels
Construct masonry lintels with lintel units filled solid with grout in all
courses and reinforced with a minimum of two No. 4 bars in the bottom
course unless otherwise indicated on the drawings. Lintel reinforcement
shall extend beyond each side of masonry opening 40 bar diameters or 600 mm
24 inches, whichever is greater. Reinforcing bars shall be supported in
place prior to grouting and shall be located 13 mm 1/2 inch above the
bottom inside surface of the lintel unit.
3.15.2 Precast Concrete and Steel Lintels
Construct precast concrete and steel lintels as shown on the drawings.

Lintels shall be set in a full bed of mortar with faces plumb and true.
Steel and precast lintels shall have a minimum bearing length of 200 mm 8
inches unless otherwise indicated on the drawings.
3.16 SILLS AND COPINGS
Sills and copings shall be set in a full bed of mortar with faces plumb and
true.
3.17 ANCHORAGE TO CONCRETE AND STRUCTURAL STEEL
**************************************************************************
NOTE: If spacing of anchors varies from that
specified, edit these paragraphs accordingly.
**************************************************************************
3.17.1 Anchorage to Concrete
Anchorage of masonry to the face of concrete columns, beams, or walls shall

be with dovetail anchors spaced not over 400 mm 16 inches on centers
vertically and 600 mm 24 inches on center horizontally.
3.17.2 Anchorage to Structural Steel
Masonry shall be anchored to vertical structural steel framing with

adjustable steel wire anchors spaced not over 400 mm 16 inches on centers
vertically, and if applicable, not over 600 mm 24 inches on centers
horizontally.
3.18 PARGING
**************************************************************************
NOTE: If parging is not required, or if other types
of dampproofing are in the project, this paragraph
will be deleted.
**************************************************************************
The outside face of below-grade exterior concrete-masonry unit walls

enclosing usable rooms and spaces, except crawl spaces, shall be parged
with type S mortar. Parging shall not be less than 13 mm 1/2 inch thick
troweled to a smooth dense surface so as to provide a continuous unbroken
shield from top of footings to a line 150 mm 6 inches below adjacent finish
grade, unless otherwise indicated. Parging shall be coved at junction of
wall and footing. Parging shall be damp-cured for 48 hours or more before
backfilling. Parging shall be protected from freezing temperatures until
hardened.
3.19 INSULATION
Anchored veneer walls shall be insulated, where shown, by installing

board-type insulation on the cavity side of the inner wythe. Board type
insulation shall be applied directly to the masonry or thru-wall flashing
with adhesive. Insulation shall be neatly fitted between obstructions
without impaling of insulation on ties or anchors. The insulation shall
be applied in parallel courses with vertical joints breaking midway over
the course below and shall be applied in moderate contact with adjoining
units without forcing, and shall be cut to fit neatly against adjoining
surfaces.
3.20 SPLASH BLOCKS
Locate splash blocks as indicated.
3.21 POINTING AND CLEANING
After mortar joints have attained their initial set, but prior to
hardening, completely remove mortar and grout daubs or splashings from
masonry-unit surfaces that will be exposed or painted. Before completion
of the work, defects in joints of masonry to be exposed or painted shall be
raked out as necessary, filled with mortar, and tooled to match existing
joints. Immediately after grout work is completed, scum and stains which
have percolated through the masonry work shall be removed using a high
pressure stream of water and a stiff bristled brush. Masonry surfaces
shall not be cleaned, other than removing excess surface mortar, until
mortar in joints has hardened. Masonry surfaces shall be left clean, free
of mortar daubs, dirt, stain, and discoloration, including scum from
cleaning operations, and with tight mortar joints throughout. Metal tools
and metal brushes shall not be used for cleaning.
3.21.1 Dry-Brushing
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Use a. or b. and delete the other; then add
c. to the one selected.
**************************************************************************
a. Exposed concrete masonry unit
b. Exposed concrete brick surfaces
c. shall be dry-brushed at the end of each day's work and after any
required pointing, using stiff-fiber bristled brushes.
3.21.2 Clay or Shale Brick Surfaces
Clean exposed clay or shale brick masonry surfaces as necessary to obtain

surfaces free of stain, dirt, mortar and grout daubs, efflorescence, and
discoloration or scum from cleaning operations. After cleaning, examine
the sample panel of similar material for discoloration or stain as a result
of cleaning. If the sample panel is discolored or stained, change the
method of cleaning to ensure that the masonry surfaces in the structure
will not be adversely affected. The exposed masonry surfaces shall be
water-soaked and then cleaned with a solution proportioned 30 mL 1/2 cup
trisodium phosphate and 30 mL 1/2 cup laundry detergent to 1 L one gallon
of water or cleaned with a proprietary masonry cleaning agent specifically
recommended for the color and texture by the clay products manufacturer.
The solution shall be applied with stiff fiber brushes, followed
immediately by thorough rinsing with clean water. Proprietary cleaning
agents shall be used in conformance with the cleaning product
manufacturer's printed recommendations. Efflorescence shall be removed in
conformance with the brick manufacturer's recommendations.
3.22 BEARING PLATES
**************************************************************************
NOTE: The bearing details must be shown on the
drawings. The thermal effects must be considered
for steel beams bearing on masonry to prevent
cracking of masonry walls due to thermal expansion
of steel framing members.
**************************************************************************
Set bearing plates for beams, joists, joist girders and similar structural
members to the proper line and elevation with damp-pack bedding mortar,
except where non-shrink grout is indicated. Bedding mortar and non-shrink
grout shall be as specified in Section [03 30 00.00 10 CAST-IN-PLACE
CONCRETE] [03 30 00 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE].
3.23 PROTECTION
Protect facing materials against staining. Cover top of walls with

nonstaining waterproof covering or membrane when work is not in progress.
Covering of the top of the unfinished walls shall continue until the wall
is waterproofed with a complete roof or parapet system. Covering shall
extend a minimum of 600 mm 2 feet down on each side of the wall and shall
be held securely in place. Before starting or resuming, top surface of
masonry in place shall be cleaned of loose mortar and foreign material.
3.24 WASTE MANAGEMENT
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Diverting waste from the landfill contributes
to the following LEED credit: MR2. Coordinate with
Section 01 74 19 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE
MANAGEMENT.
**************************************************************************
Manage waste according to the Waste Management Plan and as follows.

Minimize water used to wash mixing equipment. Use trigger operated spray
nozzles for water hoses.
3.24.1 Separate and Recycle Waste
Place materials defined as hazardous or toxic waste in designated

containers. Fold up metal banding, flatten, and place in designated area
for recycling. Collect wood packing shims and pallets and place in
designated area. Use leftover mixed mortar as [retaining wall footing
ballast] [cavity fill at grade] [underground utility pipe kickers] [_____]
where lower strength mortar meets the requirements for bulk fill. Separate
masonry waste and place in designated area for use as structural fill.
Separate selected masonry waste and excess for landscape uses, either whole
or crushed as ground cover.
3.24.2 Take-Back Program
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Take-back programs refer to programs in which
the product manufacturer "takes-back" scrap material
and/or packaging associated with its product.
**************************************************************************
Collect information from manufacturer for take-back program options. Set

aside [masonry units, full and partial] [scrap] [packaging] [_____] to be
returned to manufacturer for recycling into new product. When such a
service is not available, local recyclers shall be sought after to reclaim
the materials. Submit documentation that includes contact information,
summary of procedures, and the limitations and conditions applicable to the
project. Indicate manufacturer's commitment to reclaim materials for
recycling and/or reuse.
3.25 TEST REPORTS
3.25.1 Field Testing of Mortar
**************************************************************************
wall area, including openings. See UFC 3-310-04 and
ASTM C780 for evaluating mortar test results.
**************************************************************************
Take at least three specimens of mortar each day. Spread a layer of mortar
13 to 16 mm 1/2 to 5/8 inch thick on the masonry units and allowed to stand
for one minute. Prepare and test the specimens for compressive strength in
accordance with ASTM C780. Submit test results.
3.25.2 Field Testing of Grout
**************************************************************************
wall area, including openings.
**************************************************************************
Field sampling and testing of grout shall be in accordance with the

applicable provisions of ASTM C1019. A minimum of three specimens of grout
per day shall be sampled and tested. Each specimen shall have a minimum
ultimate compressive strength of 13.8 MPa 2000 psi at 28 days. Submit test
results.
3.25.3 Efflorescence Test
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Delete this paragraph in areas where
efflorescence has not been a problem. Efflorescence
is generally the result of poor design and
detailing. Properly covered or flashed walls are
generally free of efflorescence. Efflorescence
testing is generally not required.
**************************************************************************
Test brick, which will be exposed to weathering, for efflorescence.

Schedule tests far enough in advance of starting masonry work to permit
retesting if necessary. Sampling and testing shall conform to the
applicable provisions of ASTM C67. Units meeting the definition of
"effloresced" will be subject to rejection. Submit test results.
3.25.4 Prism Tests
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Prism testing will only be required for
structures requiring masonry compressive strengths
higher than the assumed value of 9.3 MPa (1350
psi). Prism testing normally will not be required.
Delete this paragraph when prism testing is not
required.
**************************************************************************
Perform at least one prism test sample for each 465 square meters 5,000
square feet of wall but not less than three such samples shall be made for
any building. Three prisms will be used in each sample. Prisms shall be
tested in accordance with ACI 530/530.1. Seven-day tests may be used
provided the relationship between the 7- and 28-day strengths of the
masonry is established by the tests of the materials used. Compressive
strength shall not be less than [_____] MPa psi at 28 days. If the
compressive strength of any prism falls below the specified value by more
than 3.5 MPa 500 psi, steps shall be taken to assure that the load-carrying
capacity of the structure is not jeopardized. If the likelihood of
low-strength masonry is confirmed and computations indicate that the
load-carrying capacity may have been significantly reduced, tests of cores
drilled, or prisms sawed, from the area in question may be required. In
such case, three specimens shall be taken for each prism test more than 3.5
MPa 500 psi below the specified value. Masonry in the area in question
shall be considered structurally adequate if the average compressive
strength of three specimens is equal to at least 85 percent of the
specified value, and if the compressive strength of no single specimen is
less than 75 percent of the specified value. Additional testing of
specimens extracted from locations represented by erratic core or prism
strength test results will be permitted. Submit test results.
3.25.5 Single-Wythe Masonry Wall Water Penetration Test
**************************************************************************
NOTE: Include masonry wall water penetration
testing only for single-wythe masonry wall
constructions where wall water penetration will
impair mission-critical operations, create an
immediate safety hazard, or have a detrimental
impact on interior finishes. Testing evaluates the
assembled wall test panel and does not assure
compliant wall construction in the field.
**************************************************************************
Prior to start of field construction of the single-wythe masonry wall,

perform masonry wall water penetration test on mock-up wall assemblies
consisting of the identical design, materials, mix, and construction
methods as the actual wall construction and in accordance with
ASTM E514/E514M. Prepare a minimum of three specimens and cure for minimum
28 days prior to testing. Construct panels by the same methods, processes,
and applications to be used on the project's construction site. The spray
test duration shall be 6 hours for each specimen. No water shall be visible
on back of test panels during the test and any areas of dampness on the
backside of the test panels shall not exceed 25 percent of the wall area.
Dampness is defined as any area of surface darkening or discoloration due
to moisture penetration or accumulation below the observed surface.
Construct additional test panels for each failed test performed until three
test panels pass the test. Factors that can affect test performance
include materials, mixing, and quality of application and workmanship.
Materials, mixing, and methods adjustments may be necessary in order to
provide construction that passes the water penetration test. Document and
record the test specimen construction materials and application and provide
written test report in accordance with ASTM E514/E514M, supplemented by a
detailed discussion of the specifics of test panel construction,
application methods and processes used, quality of construction, and any
variances or deviations that may have occurred between test panels during
test panel construction. For failed test panels, identify in the
supplemental report any variances, deficiencies or flaws that contributed
to test panel failure and itemize the precautions to be taken in field
construction of the masonry wall to prevent similar deficiencies and assure
the wall construction replicates test panel conditions that pass the water
penetration test. Submit the complete, certified test report, including
supplemental report, to the Contracting Officer prior to start of
single-wythe masonry wall construction. Significant changes to materials,
proportions, or construction techniques from those used in the passing
water penetration test are grounds for performing new tests, at the
discretion of the Contracting Officer.
-- End of Section --

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USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-04 20 00 (February 2011)

UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS

References are in agreement with UMRL dated April 2013

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL (ACI)

ACI 318 (2011; Errata 2011; Errata 2012) Building

ACI 318M (2011; Errata 2011; Errata 2012) Building

ACI 530/530.1 (2011; Errata 2011; Errata 2013) Building

ACI SP-66 (2004) ACI Detailing Manual

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM A153/A153M (2009) Standard Specification for Zinc

ASTM A167 (1999; R 2009) Standard Specification for

ASTM A615/A615M (2012) Standard Specification for Deformed

ASTM A641/A641M (2009a) Standard Specification for

ASTM A82/A82M (2007) Standard Specification for Steel

ASTM B370 (2012) Standard Specification for Copper

ASTM B633 (2011) Standard Specification for

ASTM C1019 (2011) Standard Test Method for Sampling

ASTM C1072 (2011) Standard Test Method for

ASTM C1142 (1995; R 2007) Standard Specification for

ASTM C129 (2011) Standard Specification for

ASTM C989/C989M (2012a) Standard Specification for Slag

ASTM D1972 (1997; R 2005) Standard Practice for

ASTM D2000 (2012) Standard Classification System for

ASTM D2240 (2005; R 2010) Standard Test Method for

ASTM D2287 (2012) Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Polymer and

ASTM E119 (2012a) Standard Test Methods for Fire

ASTM E2129 (2010) Standard Practice for Data

ASTM E514/E514M (2011) Standard Test Method for Water

INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL (ICC)

ICC IBC (2009; Errata First Printing)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD)

UFC 3-310-04 (2012) Seismic Design for Buildings

U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL (USGBC)

LEED NC (2009) Leadership in Energy and

1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

1.2.1 Local/Regional Materials

[Use materials or products extracted, harvested, or recovered, as well as

1.2.2 Environmental Data

Submit manufacturer's descriptive data. Documentation indicating

1.2.3 Plastic Identification

Verify that plastic products to be incorporated into the project are

a. Type 1: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET, PETE).

b. Type 2: High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).

c. Type 3: Vinyl (Polyvinyl Chloride or PVC).

d. Type 4: Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).

e. Type 5: Polypropylene (PP).

f. Type 6: Polystyrene (PS).

1.2.4 Design Requirements

1.2.4.1 Unit Strength Method

Compute compressive strength of masonry system "Unit Strength Method",

1.2.4.2 Seismic Requirement

In addition to design requirements of ICC IBC, provide additional seismic

Wall Type Vertical Horizontal

Structural 0.609 m24 inches 1.219 m48 inches

Non-structural 1.219 m48 inches 2.032 m80 inches

1.2.4.3 Special Inspection