4.electric Potential and Capacitanceexericse PDF
4.electric Potential and Capacitanceexericse PDF
4.electric Potential and Capacitanceexericse PDF
Solved Examples
200pF 200pF
Example 2: The connection shown in figure are
+ established with the switch S open. How much charge
C2 100pF C3 300V will flow through the switch if it is closed?
-
C4 1 2
Sol: The circuit is made up of series and parallel + 24V 1F S 2F
combinations of the capacitors. The charge on the -
capacitor is given by q = CV. 2F 1F
100pF
4 3
100pF C1 (a)
C4 C2 C3
-Q1 Q1 Q2 -Q2
200pF 200pF 1 2
1F 2F
+ 24V S
300 V
- 0
2F V0 1F
4 3
Q2 Q2
The equivalent circuit is as shown below: (b)
100pF
Sol: Find the initial charge on capacitors. After the
100pF switch is closed, 1 and 2 become parallel and 3 and 4
become parallel.
C4
When the switch is open, capacitors (2) and (3) are in
100pF 2
µF. The charge appering on
series. Their equivalent capacitance is
3
300 V The charge appering on each of these capacitors is,
2
The situation when the switch S is closed is shown in The equivalent capacitance between A being equivalent
figure. Let the charges be distributed as shown in the to the original ladder, the equivalent capacitance is
figure. Q1 and Q2 are arbitrarily chosen for the positive also C
plate of (1) and (2). CC1
Thus, C1= C + or C1C + C12 = C2 + 2CC1
Take the potential at the negative terminal to the zero C + C1
and at the switch to be V0
Or C12 − CC1 − C2 =
0,
Writing equations for the capacitors (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv).
Q1 = (24V ‒ V0) × 1µF … (i) C + C2 + 4C2 1 + 5
Giving C1
= = C
Q2 = (24V ‒ V0) × 2µF … (ii) 2 2
Q1 = V0 × 1µF ... (iii) Negative value of C1 is rejected.
Q2 = V0 × 2µF … (iv)
Example 4: A parallel-plate capacitor has plates of area
From (i) and (iii), V0 =12V, Thus, from (iii) and (iv), 200 cm2 and separation between the plates 1.00 mm.
What potential difference will be developed if a charge
Q1= 12µC and Q= 24µC .
2 of 1.00 nC (i.e., 1.00 × 10‒9C) is given to the capacitor? If
The charge on the two plates of (1) and (4) which are the plate separation is now increased to 2.00 mm, what
connected to the switch is, therefore Q2 − Q1 =12µC . will be the new potential difference?
When the switch was open, this charge was zero. Thus, ε A
12µC of charge has passed through the switch after it Sol: Capacitance is given by C = 0 and the potential
d
was closed. Q
difference is given by V =
C
Example 3: Find the capacitance of the infinite ladder The capacitance of the capacitor is
shown in figure.
ε0 A 200x10−4 m2
C P C C C= = 8.85x10−12 Fm−1 x
A d 1x10−3 m
−9
= 0.177x10
= F 0.177nF.
C C C C The potential difference between the plates is
B
Q Q 1nC
V
= = = 5.65 Volts.
C 0.177nF
Sol: Capacitance between points P and Q is same as If the separation is increased from 1.00 mm to 2.00 mm,
that between A and B. The equivalent capacitance of the capacitance is decreased by a factor of 2. Thus, the
the circuit is deduced by reducing it to simple network. new potential difference will be 5.65 volts × 2 = 11.3 volts.
The simplified circuit is a parallel combination of the
capacitors whose capacitance is given by
Example 5: An isolated sphere has a capacitance of 50pF.
CC1
Ceq= C + . (a) Calculate its radius.
C + C1
(b) How much charge should be placed on it to raise its
As the ladder is infinitely long, the capacitance of the potential to 104 V?
ladder to the right of the points P, Q is the same as
that of the ladder to the right of the points A, B. If the Sol: For sphere, radius R is given by C= 4 πε0R . To
equivalent capacitance of the ladder is C, the given raise the potential to 104 V, the charge to be placed on
ladder may be replaced by the connections shown in sphere is given by Q = CV.
figure.
C P (a) The capacitance of an isolated sphere is
A
R
C= 4 πε0R. Thus, 50x10−12 F =
9x109 mF−1
−12
C C1 =or R 50x10
= x9x109 m 45cm.
B
Q (b) Q = 50X10−12 FX10 4 =
= CV V 0.5µC
1 9 . 3 6 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
Example 6: A parallel-plate capacitor of capacitance of charge induced in other plates. The capacitance is
100 µF if connected to a power supply of 200V. A Aε
dielectric slab of dielectric constant 5 is now inserted between any two surfaces is given by C = 0 .
d
into the gap between the plates. Suppose the negative terminal of the battery gives a
(a) Find the extra charge flown through the power charge – Q to the plate B. As the situation is symmetric
supply and the work done by the supply. on the two sides of B, the two faces of the plate B
will share equal charge – Q/2 each. From Gauss’s law,
(b) Find the charge in the electrostatic energy of the
the facing surfaces will have charge Q/2 each. As the
electric field in the capacitor.
positive terminal of the battery has supplied just this
much charge (+Q) to A and C, the outer surfaces of A
Sol: After inserting the dielectric the capacitance is
and C will have no charge. The distribution will be as
changed, thus the charge stored in the capacitor is
shown in figure. The capacitance between the plates A
given by Q = CV and work done by supply is CV2 = qV.
and B is
1 2
The energy stored in the capacitor is given by U = CV Aε0 200 × 10−4 m−2
2 C ==× 8.85 10−12 F / m×
d 2 × 10−4 m
(a) The original capacitance was 100µF. The charge on
= 8.85 = X10−10 F 0.885nF
the capacitor before the insertion of the dielectric was,
therefore, Q1 = 1000F × 200V = 20mC Thus, Q 8.85nF
= = x 20V 17.7nC
After the dielectric slab is introduced, the capacitance is The distribution of charge on various surfaces may be
increased to 500µF. The new charge on the capacitor is, written from figure.
100mC .
Therefore, 500µ F x 200v = Q
The equivalent capacitance is = 1.77nF
The charge flown through the power supply is, 20V
80 mC .
therefore, 100 mC − 20 mC =
Example 8: The emf of the cell in the circuit is 12 volts and
The work done by the power supply is 200V × 80mC = 16J. the capacitors are: C1 = 1µF, C2 = 3µF, C3 = 2µF, C4 = 4µF
(b) the electrostatic field energy of the capacitor without Calculate the charge on each capacitor and the total
the dielectric slab is charge drawn from the cell when
1 2 1
U1 =
2
CV =
2
(100µF ) X ( 200V ) =
2J (a) The switch s is closed
(b) The switch s is open.
And that after the slab is inserted is
1 C1 C2
(500µF ) X ( 200V ) =
2
U2 = 10J thus, the energy is
2
increased by 8J.
C3 C4
Example 7: Each of the three plates shown in figure has
an area of 200cm2 on one side and the gap between
the adjacent plates is 0.2mm. The emf of the battery is Cell
+ -
20V. Find the distribution of charge on various surfaces
of the plates. What is the equivalent capacitance of the 12 V
system between the terminal points?
Sol: When the switch is closed the equivalent
+
-
+
- 20V
capacitance is given by C=
( C1 + C3 )( C2 + C4 )
( C1 + C3 ) + ( C2 + C4 )
and the charge stored in the circuit is given by Q=CV.
Q/2
Q/2
-Q/2
-Q/2
C
=
( C1 + C3 )( C2 + C4 ) ; C
=
3×7
= 2.1µF ;
C1= charge on C2
( C1 + C3 ) + ( C2 + C4 ) 3+7 CC
= 3 4
8
C +C V = × 12 =16µC
3 6
Total charge drawn from the cell is: 4
Q = CV = 2.1µF × 12 volts = 25.2µC C3 & C4 are in series and the potential difference across
combination is 12 volts charge on
C1 , C3 are in parallel and C2, C4 are in parallel.
C3= charge on C4
C1 C2
Q CC 8
= 3 4 V = × 12 =16µC
C +C 6
3 4
C3 C4
Example 9: Two capacitors A and B with capacities 3 µF
and 2 µF are changed to a potential difference of 100V
+ -12V and 180V respectively. The plates of the capacitors are
connected as shown in the figure with one wire of each
Charge on C1 capacitor free. The upper plate of A is positive and that
of B is negative. An uncharged 2 µF capacitor C with
C1 1
Q1 = Q= × 25.2µC = 8.4µC lead wires falls on the free ends to complete the circuit.
C1 + C3 1+2 Calculate:
Charge on C3 q2
B + - C
C3 2 3 4
Q3= Q= × 25.2µC= 16.8µC
C1 + C3 1+2
+ 2 5 -
3F q1 2F
Charge on C2 -
1 6 q +
3
C2 3
Q2= Q= × 25.2µC= 10.8µC
C2 + C 4 3+ 4 A D
Net charge on plates 2 and 3 before joining (c) The total electrical energy stored after joining
= Net charge after joining 200V
+ -
∴300 =q1 + q2 …… (i)
6F
Similarly, net charge on plates 4 and 5 before
S
Joining = Net charge after joining
100V
−360 =−q2 − q3 ; 360
= q2 + q3 ...…(ii) + -
= 90x10−4 J = 90mJ 1
U2 =
2
1
C2 V22 =
2
(
× 6X10−6 × ( 200 ) =
2
)
12X10−2 J
30V
+ A = 120µC Initially it had a charge-q and finally −q2 .
q 2F 30V 2F
- Hence, qc =q − q2 =108 − 180 =−72µC
B
+ B
q 3F 3F Example 12: If 100 volts of potential difference is
60V - 60V
C applied between a and b in the circuit of figure, find the
potential difference between c & d.
(30 + 60 ) 56 µC=
q= 108µC Sol: The charge stored in each capacitor is given by
Q = CV. To find the potential difference at point’s c and
Refer figure (b), when switch is closed: let q1 and q2 be d we apply Kirchoff’s law to the circuit.
the charges (in µC ) on two capacitors. Then applying The charge distribution on different plates is shown in
Kirchoff’s 2nd law in upper and lower loop, we have figure. Suppose charge Q1 + Q2 is given by the positive
q1 terminal of the battery, out of which Q1 resides on the
30 − 0 Or q1 = 60µC;
=
2 positive plate of capacitor (1) and Q2 on that of (2). The
q2 remaining plates will have charges as shown in the
60 − 0 Or q2 = 180µC
= figure. Take the potential at the point b to be zero. The
3
potential at a will be 100V. Let the potentials at points
Charges q1 and q2 can be calculated alternatively by c and d be Vc and Vd respectively. Writing the equation
seeing that upper plate of 2 µF capacitor is connected Q=CV for the four capacitors, we get,
with positive terminal of 30V battery. Therefore, they
are at the same potential. Similarly, the lower plate of Q1 = 6µF × 100V = 600µC …..(i)
this capacitor is at the same potential as that of the Q2 = 6µF × (100V − Vc ) …..(ii)
negative terminal of 30V battery. So, we can say that
Q2 = 6µF × (Vc − Vd ) …..(iii)
P.D. across 2 µF capacitor is also 30V.
Q2 = 6µF × Vd− …..(iv)
1 9 . 4 0 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
From( ii(ii)
From ) andand((iii)
iii) 100V − Vc = Vc − Vd JEE Advanced/Boards
or 2Vc − Vd =
100V (v)
…..…..(v)
Example 1: Two capacitors C1 = 1 µF and C2 = 4µF
And from ( iii ) and ( iv ) Vc − Vd =
Vd
are charged to a potential difference of 100 volts and
or Vc = 2Vd− .. ( vi )
……..(vi) 200 volts respectively. The charged capacitors are now
connected to each other with terminals of opposite
From (v) and (vi)
sign connected together. What is the
100 200
Fro m ( v(v)
From )= and ((vi)
and vi) Vd = V and Vc V V
3 3 V1
100
So that
So that Vc − Vd = V
3
+ + -- -- --
C1 C2 C1 C2
Example.13 A regular hexagon of side 10 cm has + + + + + + + +
a charge 5 µ C at each of its vertices. Calculate the
potential at the center of the hexagon.
q q V1
Loss of energy
Example 3: A 10 µF condenser C is charged through
1 1 1 1 resistance R of 0.1 MΩ from a battery of 1.5V. Find the
= C1 V12 + C2 V22 − C1 V 2 − C2 V 2
2 2 2 2 time required for the capacitor to get charged upto
0.75V for the circuits shown below.
1 1 1
1 (100 ) + 4 ( 200 ) − (1 + 4 )(140 )
2 2 2
=
2 2 2 R S
= 36000
=µJ 0.036J
E C C R
Note: the energy is lost as heat in the connected wires S
due to the temporary currents that flow while the
charge is being redistributed.
Sol: For RC circuit, the charge stored in the capacitor is
Example 2: Four identical metal plates are located in
given by
= q q0 1 − e− t/RC . Taking log on both sides
the air at equal separation d as shown. The area of each
plate is a. Calculate the effective capacitance of the we can get the value of time t.
arrangement across A and B.
(a) In the case of charging of a capacitor C through the
A
resistance R,
q
=q q0 1 − e− t/RC ; e− t/RC= 1 −
q0
B
q V 0.75 1
For a capacitor, q = CV = = =
q0 V0 1.5 2
Sol: The plates are connected in parallel combination
with each other. The equivalent capacitance is given =
by t RClog
= e2 (0.1 x106 )x(10x10−6 )loge 2
C = C1 +C2 +C3. The capacitance between A and B= is t RClog
= e 2 0.693 second.
2C
given by CAB = (b) In the case of the capacitor C being connected
3
directly to the battery initially, it acts like short circuit.
A
The capacitor will get charged instantaneously at t = 0
1 secs.
2
P
3 Hence, time cannot be calculated as per the requirement
4 of the question.
5 B
6 Example 4: Twelve capacitors, each having a capacitance
C, are connected to form a cube. Find the equivalent
capacitance between the diagonally opposite corners
such as A and B.
2 1 P 5 6 f
B B
A B
e
d
3 4 h Q/3
c b
F
have three capacitor formed by the pairs (1,2), (3,4) and Sol: Applying the Kirchoff’s second law across diagonal
(5,6). The surface 2 and 3 are at same potential as that points A and B to find the charge distribution across
of A. The arrangement can be redrawn as a network of the branch of the circuit, and find the equivalent
three capacitors. capacitance.
2C 2ε A0 Suppose the points A and B are connected to a battey.
C=
AB =
3 3 d The charges appearing on some of the capacitors are
1 9 . 4 2 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
shown in figure suppose the positive terminal of the Let length and breadth of the capacitor be l and b
battery supplies a charge +Q through the point A. respectively and d be the distance between the plates
This charge is divided on the three plates connected as shown in figure then consider a strip at a distance x
to A. Looking from A, the three sides of the cube of width dx.
have identical properties and hence, the charge will
Now QR=x tan θ
be equally distributed on the three plates. Each of the
capacitors a, b and c will receive a charge Q/3. The And PQ = d-x tan θ ; where
negative terminal of the battey supplies a charge –Q tan θ =d/l,Capacitance of PQ
through the point B. This is again divided equally on
L
the three plates connected to B. Each of the capacitors
d, e and f gets equal charge Q/3.
A b
Now consider the capacitors g and h. As the three
plates connected to the point E form an isolated
system, their total charge must be zero. The negative
plate of the capacitor has a charge -Q/3. The two plates k1 ε0 (b dx) k1 ε0 (b dx)
= dC1 =
of g and h connected to E should have a total charge d − x tan θ xd
d−
Q/3. By symmetry, these two plates should have equal l
charges and hence each of these has a charge Q/6. The k1 ε0b / dx k1 ε0 A
capacitors a, g and d have charges Q/3, Q/6 and Q/3 = dC1 =
d (l − x ) d (l − x )
respectively.
k 2 ε0b ( dx )
And dC2 = capacitance of QR dC2 = ;
We have, VA − VB = ( VA − VE ) + ( VE − VF ) + ( VF − VB ) d tan θ
k 2 ε0 A ( dx ) d
Q / 3 Q / 6 Q / 3 5Q dC2 = … ∴tan θ =
= + + = Xd l
C C C 6C
Q 6 Now dC1 and dC2 are in series. Therefore, their
Ceq =
= C.
VA − VB 5 resulatant capacity dC will be given by
1 1 1 1 d (l − x ) X.d
Example 5: The Capacitance of a parallel plate = + , =then +
1 0 ( ) 1 0 A ( dx )
capacitor with plate area A and separation d is C. The dc dC 1 dC 2 dC K ε A dx K ε
space between the plates is filled with two wedges of
dielectric constants K1 and K 2 respectively (figure).=
Find 1 d l − x X d K 2 (l − x ) + K1 X
+ =
the capacitance of the resulting capacitor. dc ε0 A ( dx ) K1 K 2 ε0 AK1K 2 ( dx )
A
ε0 AK1K 2 ε0 AK1K 2
dC = dx , dC = dx
d K 2 (l − x ) + K1 X d K 2l + (K1 − K1 ) X
K2
L
ε0 AK1K 2 KK11KK22εε00AA KK connected to a battery which supplies a positive charge
= ∫ d K l + (K dx ; CC == In 22
In
ln of magnitude Q to the upper plate. Find the rise in the
0 2 1 − K 2 ) X (KK11 −−KK22) dd KK11 level of the liquid in the space between the plates.
Example 6: Figure (a) shows a parallel-plate capacitor Sol: The dielectric liquid experiences a electric force due
having square plates of edge a and plate-separtion d. to which it rises to the height h. This force is balanced
The gap between the plates is filled with a dielectric by weight of liquid.
medium of dielectric constant K which varies parallel to
an edge as =
K K 0 + ax 1
The situation is shown in figure. A charge −Q 1 − is
K
a a
1
induced on the upper surface of the liquid and Q 1 −
K
d K
at the surface in contact with the lower plate. The net
1 Q
(x)
dx charge on the lower plate is −Q + Q 1 − =− .
(a)
K K
Consider the equilibrium of the liquid in the volume
(b)
dC =
(K0 + αx ) ε0adx . These strips are connected
(c) The force due to atmospheric pressure and
d (d) The force due to the pressure of the liquid below AB.
in parallel so the equivalent capacitance is given by As AB is in the same horizontal level as the outside
a surface, the pressure here is the same as the atmospheric
C = ∫ dC where a is the length of plates. pressure. The forces in (c) and (d), therefore, balance
0
each other. Hence, for equilibrium, the forces in (a) and
Consider a small strip of width dx at a separation x from
(b) should balance each other.
the left end. This strip forms a small capacitor of plate
Q
area adx. Its capacitance is dC =
(K0 + αx ) ε0adx The electric field at CD due to the charge Q is E1 =
2Aε0
d
The given capacitor may be divided into such strips with In the downward direction.
x varying from 0 to A. All these strips are connected in Q
parallel. The capacitance of the given capacitor is, The field at CD due to the charge –Q/K is E2 =
2Aε0K
Q Also in the downward direction.
D+ - + + + + + + +
- - -Q(1-1/K) (K + 1 ) Q .
The net field at CD is E1 + E2 =
h
A B 2Aε0K
1
The force on the charge −Q 1 − at CD is
-Q/K
K
=
1 (K + 1 ) Q
F Q 1 − ; =
(K 2
)
− 1 Q2
a
(K0 + αx ) ε0adx ; 2
ε0 a aα K 2Aε0K 2Aε0K 2
C= ∫ d
= K +
d 0 2
0 In the upward direction. The weight of the liquid
considered is hAρg.
Example 7: A parallel-plate capacitor is placed in such
a way that its plates are horizontal and the lower plate
thus, hAρg =
(K 2
)
− 1 Q2
; or h=
(K 2
)
− 1 Q2
is dipped into a liquid of dielectric constant K and 2 2 2
2Aε0K 2A K ε0 ρg
density ρ . Each plate has an area A. the plates are now
1 9 . 4 4 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
JEE Main/Boards
4.5F A B A B
d
Q. 3 Find the equivalent capacitance between A and B
in the given figure. Take C2= 10µF and B in the given (A) d/4 d/2 d/4
(B)
figure. Take C2= 10µF and C1 ,C3 ,C 4 ,C5 each equal to
4µF
C4 Q.9 Two metal plates separated by a distance d
constitute a parallel plate capacitor. A metal slab of
thickness (d/2) and same area as the plate is inserted
A B
between the plates. What is the ratio of the capacitances
C1 C2 C3 in the two cases?
C5
K1 C1 d/2
d
K2 C2 d/2
Q.4 Find the value of C if the equivalent capacitance
between the points A and B in the given figure is 1µF
(A)
1F
A C
A/2 A/2
4F
6F d K1 K2
8F
C3 C4
12F
2F (B)
2F Q.10 Keeping the voltage of the charging source
B
constant, what would be the percentage change in
the energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor if the
separation between its plates were to be decreased by
Q.5 A 4x10-6F capacitor is charged by a 200V supply. It 10%?
is then disconnected from the supply and is connected
across another uncharged 2x10-6F capacitor. How much
Q.11 A parallel plate air capacitor with its plates spaced
energy of the first capacitor is lost?
2cm apart is charged to a potential of 300 volts. What
will be the electric field intensity inside the capacitor,
Q.6 The plates of a parallel plate capacitor of area if the plates are moved apart to a distance of 5cm
100cm2 each and are separated by 2.0mm. The capacitor without disconnecting the power source? Calculate the
is charged by a 100V supply. Find energy store by the change in energy of the capacitor. Area of the plates is
capacitor. equal to A = 100cm2. Also solve the problem assuming
P hysi cs | 19.45
the entire operation was done after disconnecting the Q.16 Two charge particulars one is electron and other is
power source. Account for the change in energy in both negatively charged ion have a velocity directed parallel
(
the cases. ∈0 =9x10−12 SI units ) to the plates. They are sent separately into the field.
Both the electron and the ion have reveived their initial
kinetic energy by passing the same potential difference.
Q.12 Find the charge on the capacitor C in the following Which of the two particles will travel a greater distance
circuit in steady state. (parallel to plates shown by ‘I’) before hitting the
12V 2 positively charged plate, if both fly into the capacitor
at a point that is exactly in the middle of the distance
4
between the plates?
2C
6
L
+
V
Q.13 Three uncharged capacitors of capacitance C1,C2
and C3 are connected as shown in figure to one another _
and to points A, B and D potentials (φA), (φB) and (φD).
Determine the potential (φO) at point O. Q.17 A 3 µF capacitor is charged to a potential of 300
volt and 2 µF is charged to 200 volt. The capacitor
A are connected so that the plates of same polarity
C1 are connected together. What is the final potential
O difference between the plates of the capacitor after they
C2 C3 are connected? If instead of this the plates of opposite
B D polarity were joined together, what amount of charge
will flow and from which capacitor does it come?
C1 C1 R=2 C3
R1 C2 C2 C4
A B
R2 R=3
R3 E
R=1
(i) Immediately after the key K is closed and
(ii) In a long time interval, assuming that the parameters E = 4V, C1 = 8µF , C2 = 2µF , C3 = 6µF , C 4 = 4µF .
of the circuit are known.
Find the charge on plate of each capacitor.
Rigid road
1 9 . 4 6 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
Q.20 In the figure shown here, each capacitance C1 in Q.26 A capacitor of capacitance C1=1.0µF withstands
the network is 3 µF and each capacitance C2 is 2µF the maximum voltage V1=6.0 kV while a capacitor of
capacitance C2 = 2.0µF withstands maximum voltage
(i) Compute the equivalent capacitance of the network
V2 = 4.0 kV. What voltage will the system of these two
between the points a and b.
capacitors withstand, if they are connected in series?
(ii) Calculate charge on each capacitors nearest to a and
b when Vab =900volt.
Q.27 Two identical parallel plate air capacitors are
(iii) With 900 volt across a and b, compute Vcd connected in one case in parallel and in the other in
series. In each case the plates of one capacitor are
C1 C1 C C1
a brought closer together by a distance a and the plates
of the other are moved apart by the same distance a.
C2 C2 C1
How will the total capacitance of each system change
b as result of such manipulation ?
C1 C1 D C1
Q.23 Two condensers are in parallel and the energy (i) When the key is switched on at time t=0, find;
of the combination is 103 J, when the difference of (a) The time constant for the circuit.
potential between their terminals is 2 volts. With the
(b) The charge on the capacitor at steady state.
same two condensers in series, the energy is 1.6x102 J
for the same differences of potential across the series (c) Time taken to deposit charge equaling half that at
combination. What are their capacities? steady state.
(ii) If after fully charging the capacitor, the cell is shorted
Q.24 A capacitor of capacitance C1=1.0 µF charged by zero resistance at time t=0, find the charge on the
upto a voltage V = 110V is connected in a parallel to capacitor at t = 50s.
the terminals of a circuit consisting of two uncharged
capacitor connected in series and possessing the
Q.30 An electric dipole, when held at 30o with respect
capacitance C2 = 2.0 µF and C3 = 3.0 µF . What charge
to a uniform electric field of 30 × 10 4 NC−1 experiences
will flow through the connecting wires?
a torque of 27 × 1026 N m. Calculate the dipole moment
of the dipole.
Q.25 Two capacitors A and B are connected in series
across a 100V supply and it is observed that the potential
Q.31 A regular hexagon of side 10 cm has a charge 5 µ
difference across them are 60V and 40V. A capacitor
C at each of its vertices. Calculate the potential at the
of 2 µF capacitance is now connected in parallel with
center of the hexagon.
A and the potential difference across with A and the
potential difference acorss B rise to 90V. Determine the
capacitance of A and B. Q.32 What is the work done in moving a 2 µ C point
charge from corner A to B of a square ABCD, when a 10
µ C charge exists at the center of the square?
P hysi cs | 19.47
Q.33 The potential at a point 0.1 m from an isolated Q.2 In the circuit shown, a potential difference of 60V
point charge is +100 volt. Find the nature and is applied across AB. The potential difference between
magnitude of the point charge. the point the point M and N is
A 2C
Q.34 Two charges equal to +20 µ C and -10 µ C are M
placed at points 6 cm apart. Find the value of the
60V
potential at a point distant 4 cm on the right bisector C C
of the line joining the two charges.
B N
2C
Q.35 A system has two charges qA = 2.5 × 10‒9 C and qB
= ‒2.5 × 10‒7C located at points A: (0, 0,-15) cm and B: (A) 10V (B) 15V (C) 20V (D) 30V
(0, 0, +15) cm, respectively. What are the total charge
and electric dipole moment of the system? Q.3 In the circuit shown in figure, the ratio of charges
on 5 µF and 4 µF capacitor:
Q.36 A test charge ‘q’ is moved without acceleration
2F
from A to C along the path from A to B and then from 3F
B to C in electric field E as shown in the figure. (i) 5F
Calculate the potential difference between A and C. (ii)
At which point (of the two) is the electric potential more
and why? 4F
(2, 3)
B E 6V
(A) 4/5 (B) 3/5 (C) 3/8 (D) ½
Q.37 An electric dipole is held in a uniform electric field. (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 16 (D) 32
(i) Show that the net force acting on it is zero.
Q.5 In the circuit shown, the energy stored in 1 µF
(ii) The dipole is aligned parallel to the field. capacitor is
3F 5F
Find the work done in rotating it through an angle of
180°.
1F
4F
Exercise 2
24V
Q Q
(C) V+ (D) V- , if V< CV 4F
2C C
(A) +8.57 µC (B) -8.57 µC
(C) +11.42 µC (D) -11.42 µC
1 9 . 4 8 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
d
Q.11 A parallel plate capacitor is
make as shown in figure. Find Q.2 A parallel combination of 0.1MΩ resistor and
capacirance and equivalent dielectric k1 k2
a 10 µF capacitor is connected across a 1.5V source
constant. of negligible resistance. The time required for the
capacitor to get charged upto 0.75V is approximately
d/2 d/2
(in second) (1997)
2 ε0 A(k1k 2 ) 4 ε0 A(k1k 2 )
(A) (B) (A) Infinite (B) loge2 (C) log102 (D) Zero
k1 + k 2 k1 + k 2
Q.3 For the circuit shown, which of the following
5 ε0 A(k1k 2 ) 3 ε0 A(k1k 2 )
(C) (D) statement is true? (1999)
k1k 2 k1 + k 2
V1 = 30 V V2 = 20 V
+ - + -
Q.4 Consider the situation shown in the figure. The Q.8 4 charges are placed each at distance ‘a’ from
capacitor A has a charge q on it whereas B is uncharged. origin. The dipole moment of configuration is (1983)
The charge appearing on the capacitor B after a long y
time after the switch is closed is (2001)
3q
q
+ -
+ - x
+ - -2q -2q
+ - S
+ - q
+ -
A B
(A) Zero (B) q/2 (C) q (D) 2q (A) 2 q a ˆj (B) 3 q a ˆj
(C) 2 a q [iˆ + ˆj] (D) None
Q.5 A parallel plate capacitor C with plates of unit are
and separation d is filled with a liquid of dielectric Q.9 n small drops of same size are charged to V volts
d each. If they coalesce to form a single large drop, then
constant K=2. The level of liquid is initially. Suppose
3 its potential will be (1985)
the liquid level decreases at a constant speed V, the (A) V/n (B) Vn (C) Vn1/3 (D) Vn2/3
time constant as a function of time t is (2008)
Q.10 A hollow metal sphere of radius 5 cm is charged
such that the potential on its surface is 10 V. The
potential at the center of the sphere is (1998)
C
(A) 0 V
d R
d (B) 10 V
3
(C) Same as at point 5 cm away from the surface outside
sphere.
(D) Same as a point 25 cm away from the surface.
(A)
6ε0R
(B)
(15d + 9vt ) ε0R Q.11 If the electric potential of the inner metal sphere
5d + 3vt 2d2 − 3dvt − 9v 2 t2 is 10 volt & that of the outer shell is 5 volt, then the
potential at the center will be: (1999)
(C)
6ε0R
(D)
(15d − 9vt ) ε0R (A) 10 volt (B) 5 volt (C) 15 volt (D) 0
5d − 3vt 2
2d + 3dvt − 9v t 2 2
Q.14 A solid conducting sphere having a charge Q is Then the potential at the origin due to the above
surrounded by an uncharged concentric conducting system of charges is (1998)
hollow spherical shell. Let the potential difference q
between the surface of the solid sphere and that of the (A) Zero (B) 8πε x ln2
0 0
outer surface of the hollow shell be V. If the shell is now
given a change of -3Q, the new potential difference q ln(2)
between the same two surfaces is (1989) (C) Infinite (D)
4 πε0 x0
(A) V (B) 2 V (C) 4 V (D) -2 V
Q.19 Two identical metal plates are given positive
Q.15 Two identical thin rings, each of radius R, are charges Q1 and Q2 (< Q1 ) respectively. If they are
coaxially placed a distance R apart. If Q1 and Q2 are now brought close together to form a parallel plate
respectively the charges uniformly spread on the two capacitor with capacitance C, the potential difference
rings, the work done in moving a charge q from the between them is (1999)
center of one ring to that of the other is (1992)
(A) (Q1 + Q2 ) / 2C (B) (Q1 + Q2 ) / C
(A) Zero
(C) (Q1 − Q2 ) / C (D) (Q1 − Q2 ) / 2C
(B) q(Q1 − Q2 )( 2 − 1) / 2(4 πε0R)
Q.18 A charge +q is fixed at each of the points Q.22 Two equal point charges are fixed at x=-a and
=x x= 0, x 3x=
0 , x 5x 0 .....∞ on the x-axis x=+a on the x-axis. Another point charge Q is placed at
and a charge –q is fixed at each of the points the origin. The change in the electrical potential energy
=x 2x= 0, x 4x=0, x 6x0 .....∞ . Here, x0 is a positive of Q, when it is displaced by a small distance x along
constant. Take the electric potential at a point due to a the x-axis, is approximately proportional to (2002)
charge Q at a distance r from it to be Q/ 4 πε0r .
(A) x (B) x2 (C) x3 (D) 1/x
P hysi cs | 19.51
Q.28 A 2µF capacitor is charged as shown in the figure. Q.33 A uniformly charged solid sphere of radius R
The percentage of its stored energy dissipated after the has potential V0 (measured with respect to ∞ ) on
switch S is turned to potion 2 is (2011)
its surface. For this sphere the equipotential surfaces
1 2 3V0 5 V0 3 V0 V
with potentials , , and 0 have radius
2 4 4 4
R1 ,R 2 ,R3 and R 4 respectively. Then (2015)
(A) 0% (B) 20% (C) 75% (D) 80% (D) R1 = 0 and R 2 > (R 4 − R 3 )
Q.29 Two capacitors C1 and C2 are charged to 120 V Q.34 In the given circuit, charge Q2 on the 2 µ F
and 200 V respectively. It isfound that by connecting capacitor changes as C is varied from 1 µ F to 3 µ F . Q2
them together the potential on each one can be as a function of ‘C’ is given properly by : (figures are
madezero. Then: (2013) drawn schematically and are not to scale) (2015)
Charge Charge
O A B
(A) Q2 (B) Q2
L L
C C
1F 3F 1F 3F
3Q Q
(A) (B)
4 π ε0 L 4 π ε0 L ln 2 Charge Charge
Q ln 2 Q
(C) (D) (C) Q2 (D) Q2
4 π ε0 L 8 π ε0 L
C C
1F 3F 1F 3F
Q.31 A parallel plate capacitor is made of two circular
plates separated by a distance of 5 mm and with a
dielectric of dielectric constant 2.2 between them. When
the electric field in the dielectric is 3 × 104 V/m, the charge Q.35 A combination of capacitors is set up as shown in
density of the positive plate will be close to: (2014) the figure. The magnitude of the electric field, due to
a point charge Q (having a charge equal to the sum of
(A) 3 × 10 4 C / m2 (B) 6 × 10 4 C / m2 the charges on the 4 µF and 9 µF capacitors), at a point
(C) 6 × 10−7 C / m2 (D) 3 × 10−7 C / m2 distant 30 m from it, would equal: (2016)
JEE Advanced/Boards
Q.2 In the given network (See figure) if Potential 2F 2F 12F
difference between p and q is 2V and C2=3C1. Then find
difference between a & b.
Q.6 The figure shows a circuit consisting of four capacitors.
+ -
Find the effective capacitance between X and Y
b 1F 1F
a C2 1F
C1 X Y
p 2F
q
C1 C2
Q.7 Five identical capacitor plates, each of area A are
Q.3 Find field produced in the circuit shown in figure on
arranged such that adjacent plates are at a distance‘d’
closing the switch S.
apart, the plates are connected to a source of emf V as
2F
shown in figure. The charge on plate 1 is ------ and that
+20C -20C on plate 4 is ----
S
+50C -50C
1 2 3 4 5 -
5F V
+
3.5r
q
2.5r I
II
III
1 9 . 5 4 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
Q.10 Find the ratio between the erergy stored in 5µF (a) Charge on capacitor as a function of time.
capacitor to the 4 µF capacitor in the given circuit in
(b) Energy of the capacitor at t=20s.
stedy state.
5 5F Q.15 In the circuit shown in figure the capacitance of
each capacitor is equal to C and resistance R. One of
the capacitor was charged to a voltage V and then at
the moment t=0 was shorted by means of the switch
4F 4
S. find: R
2V
C C
Q.11 A solid conducting sphere of radius 10cm is S
enclosed by a thin metallic shell of radius 20cm. a W
charge q=20 µC is given to the inner sphere. Find
the heat generated in the process, the inner sphere is (a) The current in the circuit as a function of time t.
connected to the shell by a conducting wire. (b) The amount of generated heat.
Q.12 In the circuit shown here, At the steady state, the Q.16 The two identical parallel plates are given charges
charge on the capacitor is ------------. as shown in figure. If the plate area of either face of each
R1 plate is A and separation between plates is d, then find
the amount of heat liberated after closing the switch.
C
E R3 +3q +q
R2
30 C2
E C
P hysi cs | 19.55
Q.18 Find the charge flown through the switch from A dielectric of dielectric S
to B when it is closed. constant (or relative
permittivity) 3. Find
V A C B C
3F 3F 10V 6F the ratio of the total
5V 3F electrostatic enegry
6F A B stored in both capacitors
10V 5V 6F before and after the introduction of the dielectric.
(a) The potential of the junction A. Q.25 Two parallel plate capacitors A & B have the same
separation d=8.85+104m between the plates. The plate
(b) Final charge on all four capacitros. areas of A & B are 0.04 m2 & 0.02m2 respectively. A
slab of di-electric constant (relative permittivity) K=9
Q.20 In the circuit shown in figure, find the amount of has dimensions such that it can exactly fill the space
heat generated when switch s is closed. between the plates of capacitor B.
2F S
A B A B
5V 10V 3F
10V
4F
(i) The di-electric slab is placed inside A and A is then
Q.21 the connection shown in figure are established charged to a potential difference of 110volt. Calculate
with the switch S open. How much charge will flow the capacitance of A and the energy stored in it.
through the switch if it is closed? (ii) The battery is disconnectd & then the di-electric slab
is removed from A. find the work done by the external
1F 2F agency in removing the slab from A.
24V
S (iii) The same di-electric slab is now placed inside B,
filling it completely. The two capacitors A & B are then
2F 1F
connected. Calculate the energy stored in the system.
to a battery of e.m.f. 500 volt. The plates are then lowered Q.32 A dipole is placed at origin of coordinate system
vertically into the oil at a speed of 0.001 m/s. calculate the as shown in figure, find the electric field at point P (0, y).
current drawn from the battery during the process. y
[Di-electric constant of oil= ε0 =8.85x10 C / N m ]
12 2 2 2
P (0,y)
R S
V R C C Q.34 A cone made of insulating material has a total
charge Q spread uniformly over its sloping surface.
Calculate the energy required to take a test charge q
from infinity to apex A of cone.
Q.30 Two capacitors A and B with capacitor are connected
as shown in figure with one wire from each capacitor
free. The upper plate of A is positive and that of B is A
negative. An uncharged 2 µF capacitor C with lead wires
falls on the free ends to complete the circuit. Calculate: AB=L
B
C 2F
The slant length is L.
+ -
3F 2F
A 100V B 180V Q.35 A non-conducting disc of radius a and uniform
positive surface charge density σ is placed on the
(i) The final charges on the three capacitors (ii) The ground, with its axis vertical. A particle of mass m &
amount of electrostatic energy stored in the system positive charge q is dropped, along the axis of the disc,
before and after the completion of the circuit. from a height H with zero initial velocity. The particle
q 4 ε0 g
has = .
m σ
Q.31 Three charges 0.1 coulomb each are placed on
the comers of an equilateral triangle of side 1 m. If the (a) Find the value of H if the particle just reaches the
energy is supplied to this system at the rate of 1 kW, disc.
how much time would be required to move one of the (b) Sketch the potential energy of the particle as a
charges onto the midpoint of the line joining the other function of its height and find its equilibrium position.
two?
P hysi cs | 19.57
Q.2 Three plate A, B and C each of area Q.7 Find the equivalent capacitance across A and B
0.1m2 are separated by 0.885mm from A B
each other as shown in the figure. A C 10V
d
10V battery is used to charge the d
A B
system. The energy stored in the system is d
(A) 1µ J (B) 10-1µ J (C) 10-2µ J (D) 10-3µ J
ε0 A 2ε0 A 3ε0 A 4 ε0 A
(A) (B) (C) (D)
d d d d
Q.3 A capacitor of capacitance C is initially charge to a
potential difference of V. Now it is connected to battery
Q.8 The diagram shows four capacitors with
of 2V with opposite polarity. The ratio of heat generated
capacitances and break down voltage as mentioned.
to the final erergy stored in the capacitor will be
What should be the maximum value of the external emf
(A) 1.75 (B) 2.25 (C) 2.5 (D) ½ source such that no capacitor breaks down? [Hint: First
of all find out the break down voltage of each branch.
Q.4 Five conducting parallel plates having E After that compare them.]
area A and separation between them A B
123 45 3C; 1kV 2C; 2kV
being d, are placed as shown in the figure.
Plate number 2 and 4 are connected with 1 2
a wire and between point A and B, a cell
of emf E is connected. The charge flown 7C; 1kV 3C; 2kV
E
3 ε0 AE 2 ε0 AE 4ε0 AE ε0 AE
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 d 3 d d 2d (A) 2.5kV (B) 10/3kV (C) 3kV (D) 1kV
Q.5 The plates S and T of an uncharged parallel plate Q.9 A conducting body 1 has some initial charge Q, and
capacitor are connected acorss a battey. The battery is its capacitance is C. There are two other conducting
then disconnected in a system as shown in the figure. bodies, 2 and 3, having capacitances: C2=2C and C3→ ∞.
The system shown is in equilibrium. All the strings are Bodies 2 and 3 are initially uncharged. “Body 2 is touched
insulating and massless. The magnitude of charge on with body 1 and touched with body 3, and the removed.”
one of the capacitor plates is: [Area of plates = A] This process is repeated N times. Then, the charge on
k S T body 1 at the end must be
KCE
(A) Q/3n (B) Q/3n-1
K +1
m (C) Q/2n (D) None
4mgAε0
(A) 2mgAε0 (B) Q.10 In the adjoining figure, capacitor (1) and (2) have
k a capacitance ‘C’ each. When the dielectric of dielectric
2mgAε0 constant K is inserted between the plates of one of the
(C) mgAε0 (D) capacitor, the total charge flowing through battery is
k
1 9 . 5 8 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
(A) From B to C; n
n
KCE
(B) From C to B
K +1 n
S
(K − 1)CE 9V
(C) From B to C;
2(K + 1) (A) 400V (B) 800V
Q1′ k +1 Q′ k + 1
(A) (B) (A) = (B) 2 =
Q1 k Q2 2
x x Q2′ k +1 Q′ k
(C) = (D) 1 =
v v Q2 2k Q1 2
Q.16 A charged capacitor is allowed to discharge Q.20 A charged capacitor is allowed to discharge
through a resistance 2Ω by closing the switch S at through a resistor by closing the key at the instant t=0.
the instant t = 0. At time t = ln2 µs , the reading of the At the instant t=(ln 4) µS , the reading of the ammeter
ammeter falls half of its initial value. The resistance of falls half the initial value. The resistance of the ammeter
the ammeter is equal to is equal to
0.5F (A) 1 MΩ (B) 1 Ω (C) 2 Ω (D) 2 MΩ
+ -
S
Multiple Correct Choice Type
A
2 Q.21 Two capacitors of 2 µF and 3 µF are charged to 150
(A) 0 (B) 2Ω (C) 2KΩ (D) 2MΩ volt and 120 volt respectively. The plates of capacitor
are connected as shown in the figure. A discharged
capacitor of capacity 1.5 µF falls to the free ends of the
Q.17 A capacitor C = 100 µF is connected to three wire. Then
resistor each of resistance 1k Ω and a battery of emf 1.5F
9V. The switch S has been closed for long time so as
to charge the capacitor. When switch S is opened, the
capacitor discharges with time constant +
2F
-
3F
150V 120V
C-0.5F - +
A
+ -
(A) Charge on the 1.5 µF capacitors is 180 µC
(A) Charge on capacitor C1 is equal to charge on Q.27 A parallel plate air-core capacitor is connected
capacitor C2 across a source of constant potential difference. When a
dielectric plate is introduced between the two plates then:
(B) Voltage across capacitor C1 is 5V
(A) Some charge from the capacitor will flow back into
(C) Voltage across capacitor C2 is 10V
the source.
(D) Energy stored in capacitor C1 is two times the energy
(B) Some extra charge from the sourch will flow back
stored in capacitor C2.
into the capacitor.
Q.24 If Q is the charge on the plates of a capacitor of (C) The electric field intensity between the two plates
capacitance C, V the potential difference between the does not charge.
plates, A the area of each plate and d the distance (D) The electric field intensity between the two plates
between the plates, The force of attraction between the will decrease.
plates is
V ε0 AV 2 1
E (C) E = (D)
= W 1 −
7F Kd 2d K
3.9F
3F Q.29 A parallel plate capacitor has a parallel slab
of copper inserted between and parallel to the two
(A) Potential difference across the 3 µF capacitor is 10V plates, without touching the plates. The capacity of the
capacitor after the introduction of the copper sheet is:
(B) Charge on the 3 µF capacitor is 42 µC
(A) minimum when the copper slab touches one of the
(C) Emf on the battery is 30V plates.
(D) Potential difference across the 12 µF capacitor is 10V (B) Maximum when the copper slab touches one of the
plates.
Q.26 The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is C
(C) Invariant for all positions of the slab between the
when the region between the plates has air. This region
plates.
is now filled with a dielectric slab of dielectric constant
k. the capacitor is connected to a cell of emf E, and the (D) Greater than that before introducing the slab.
slab is taken out
(A) Charge CE (k-1) flows through the cell Q.30 The plates of a parallel plate capacitor with no
dielectric are connected to a voltage source. Now a
(B) Energy E2C (k-1) is absorbed by the cell. dielectric of dielectric constant K is inserted to fill the
(C) The energy stored in the capacitor is reduced by whole space between the plates with voltage source
E2C (k-1) remaining connected to the capacitor.
1 (A) The energy stored in the capacitor will become
(D) The external agent has to do E2C(k − 1) amount of
work to take the slab out. 2 K-times
(B) The electric field inside the capacitor will decrease
to K-times
P hysi cs | 19.61
(C) The force of attraction between the plates will Assertion Reasoning Type
increase to K2 times.
(A) Statement-I is true, statement-II is true and
(D) The charge on the capacitor will increase to K-times statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is true, statement-II is true and
Q.31 A parallel-plate capacitor is connected to a cell. Its statement-II is not the correct explatnation for
positive plate A and its negative palte B have charges +Q statement-I.
and –Q respectively. A third plate C, identical to A and
(C) Statement-I is true, statement-II is false.
B, with charge+Q, is now introduced midway between
A and B, parallel to them, which of the following are (D) Statement-I is false, statement-II is true.
correct?
3Q Q.34 Statement-I: The electrostatic force between the
(A) The charge on the inner face of B is now −
2 plates of a charged isolated capacitor decreases when
dielectric fills whole space between plates.
(B) There is no change in the potential difference
between A and B. Statement-II: The electric field between the plates of a
(C) The potential difference between A and C is one- charged isolated capacitance decreases when dielectric
third of the potential difference between B and C. fills whole space between plates.
(A) (B)
Q.32 The circuit shown in the figure consists of a battery
of emf ε =10V; a capacitor of capacitance C=1.0 µF and (d,0) (3d,0)
x x
(d,0) (3d,0)
three resistor of values R1=2 Ω , R2=2 Ω and R3=1 Ω .
Initially the capacitor is completely uncharged and the y
y
switch S is open. The switch S is closed at t=0.
R1 (C)
(D)
S x
(d,0) (3d,0) x
(d, 0) (3d,0)
R2 R3
2 1 3
120V
Q 02 d Q 02 d Q20 Q 02 d
(A) (B) (C) (D) Q.41 Choose the correct statement (S) related to the
3 Aε0 12 Aε0 2 Aε0 6 Aε0
two circuits.
(A) Both the capacitors are charged to the same charge.
Q.38 At this position the potential difference across the
capacitors is given by (B) The emf’s of cells in both the circuit are equal.
Q0 xd Q0 d
(C) (D) Q.42 Identify the correct statement (s) related to the R1,
4Aε0 (x + d) 2Aε0 x
R2, C1 and C2 of the two RC circuits.
3 2 25 2 9 2
(A) Zero (B) CV (C) CV (D) CV
2 6 2
P hysi cs | 19.63
Q.2 Two identical metal plates are given positive charges Q.6 A parallel plate air capacitor is connected to a
Q1 and Q2(<Q1) respectively. If they are now brought battery. The quantities charge, voltage, electric field
close together to form a parallel plate capacitor with and energy associated with this capacitor are given by
capacitance C, the potential difference between them Q0, V0, E0 and U0 respectively. A dielectric slab is now
is (1999) introduced to fill the space between the plates with the
battery still in connection. The corresponding quantities
(A) (Q1+Q2)/2C (B) (Q1+Q2)/C
now given by Q, V, E and U are related to the previous
(C) (Q1-Q2)/C (D) (Q1-Q2)/2C one as (1985)
(A) Q>Q0 (B) V>V0
Q.3 A parallel plate capacitor of area A, plate separation
d and capacitance C is filled with three different (C) E>E0 (D) U> U0
dielectric materials having dielectric constants K1, K2
and K3 as shown. If a single dielectric material is to be Q.7 A parallel plate capacitor is charged and the
used to have the same capacitance C in this capacitor charging battery is then disconnected. If the plates
then its dielectric constant K is given by (2000) of the capacitor are moved farther apart by means of
insulating handles (1987)
A/2 A/2
(A) The charge on the capacitor increases
d
K1 K2 2 (B) The voltage across the plates increases
d (C) The capacitance increases
K3
(D) The electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor
increases.
A = Area of plates Q.8 A parallel plate capacitor of plate area A and plate
separation d is charged to potential difference V and
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 then the battery is disconnected. A slab of dielectric
(A) = + + (B)
= + constant K is then inserted between the plates of the
K K1 K 2 2K 3 K K1 + K 2 2K 3
capacitor so as to fill the space between the plates. If Q,
E and W denote respectively, the magnitude of charge
1 K1K 2 K1K 3 K K on each plate, the electric field between the plates (after
(C)
= + 2K 3 (D)
= K + 2 3
K K1 + K 2 K1 + K 3 K 2 + K 3 the slab in inserted), and work done on the system, in
question, in the process of inserting the slab, then
Q.4 Two identical capacitors, have the same capacitance (1991)
ε0 AV ε0KAV
C. One to them is charged to potential V1 and the other (A) Q = (B) Q =
to V2. Likely charged plates are then connected. Then, d d
the decrease in energy of the combined system is
V ε0 AV 2 1
(2002) (c) E = (D)
= W 1 −
Kd 2d K
1
( )
(A) C V1 − V2 (B) C V1 + V2
4
2 2 1
4
2
( 2
)
Q.9 A dielectric slab of thickness d is inserted in a
1 1
C ( V1 − V2 ) (D) C ( V1 + V2 )
2 2
(C) parallel plate capacitor whose negative plate is at X=0
4 4 and positive plate is at X=3d. the slab is equidistant
from the plates. The capacitor is given some charge. As
1 2 X goes from 0 to 3d (1998)
Q.5 A 2 µF capacitor is charged as
shown in the figure. The percentage
(A) The magnitude of the electric field remains the same
of its stored energy dissipated after
the switch S is turned to position 2 is 2F 8F (B) The direction of the electric field remains the same
(2011) (C) The electric potential increases continuously
(A) 0% (B) 20% (D) The electric potential increases at first, then
(C) 75% (D) 80% decreases and again increases
1 9 . 6 4 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
Q.10 Two point charges Q and –Q/4 are separated by a (C) The direction of electric field at all points on the axis
distance x. Then (2001) will be along the axis.
Q x -Q/4 (D) If the ring is placed inside a uniform external electric
field then net torque and force acting on the ring would
(A) Potential is zero at a point on the axis which is x/3 be zero.
on the right side of the charge –Q/4.
Q.14 An electric dipole is placed at the center of a
(B) Potential is zero at a point on the axis which is x/5
sphere. Mark the correct answer (2003)
on the left side of the charge –Q/4.
(A) The flux of the electric field through the sphere is zero
(C) Electric field is zero at a point on the axis which is at
a distance x on the right side of the charge –Q/4. (B) The electric field is zero at every point of the sphere.
(D) There exists two points on the axis where electric (C) The electric potential is zero everywhere on the
field is zero. sphere.
(D) The electric potential is zero on a circle on the surface.
Q.11 An electric charge 10−8 C is placed at the point
(4m, 7m, 2m). At the point (1m, 3m, 2m), the electric
Q.15 For the situation shown in the figure below
(2000)
(assume r>> length of dipole) mark out the correct
(A) Potential will be 18 V statement (s) (2002)
(B) Field has no Y-component p
Q (small dipole)
(C) Field will be along Z-axis r
(D) Potential will be 1.8 V (A) Force acting on the dipole is zero
pQ
Q.12 Potential at a point A is 3 volt and at a point B is (B) Force acting on the dipole is approximately
7 volt, an electron is moving towards A from B. (2004) and is acting upward 4 πε0r 3
Paragraph for Question No. 17 to 19 Q.18 The charge appearing on right side of plate 4 is
(2009)
Four metallic plates are placed as shown in the figure.
Plate 2 is given a charge Q whereas all other plates are (A) Zero (B) Q/4 (C) -3Q/4 (D)+Q/2
uncharged. Plates 1 and 4 are jointed together. The
area of each plate is same. Q.19 The potential difference between plates 1 and 2 is
1 2 3 4 (2009)
Q
3 Qd Qd 3 Qd 3Qd
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 ε0 A ε0 A 4 ε0 A ε0 A
Q.21 Six point charges, each of the same magnitude q, are arranged in different manners as shown in column
II. In each case, a point M and line PQ passing through M (potential at infinity is zero) due to the given charge
distribution when it is at rest. Now, the whole system is set into rotation with a constant angular velocity about the
line PQ. Let B be the magnetic field at M and µ be the magnetic moment of the system in this condition. Assume
each rotating charge to be equivalent to a steady current. (2009)
Column I Column II
(A) E = 0 (p) + - Q Charges are at the comers of a regular hexagon. M is at the centre
of the hexagon. PQ is perpendicular to the hexagon.
- +
M
P+ -
(B) V ≠ 0 (q) P Charges are on a line perpendicular to PQ at equal intervals. M is
the mid-point between the two innermost charges.
- + - + - +
M
(C) B = 0 (r) Q Charges are placed on two coplanar insulation rings at equal
+ - + intervals. M is the common centre of the rings. PQ is perpendicular
to the plane of the rings.
- M -
P +
1 9 . 6 6 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
Column I Column II
(D) µ ≠ 0 P Charges are placed at the corners of a rectangle of the sides a and
(s) + - 2a and at the mid points of the longer sides. M is at the centre of
the rectangle. PQ is parallel to the longer sides.
M
+ + - -
Q
Q.22 A parallel plate air capacitor is connected to a Q.25 A dielectric slab of thickness d is inserted in a
battery. The quantities charge, voltage, electric field parallel plate capacitor whose negative plate is at x=0
and energy associated with this capacitor are given and positive plate is at x=3d. The slab is equidistant
by Q0 , V0 ,E0 and U0 respectively. A dielectric slab is from the plates. The capacitor is given some charge. As
now introduced to fill the space between the plates x goes from 0 to 3d (1998)
with the battery still in connection. The corresponding
(A) The magnitude of the electric field remains the same
quantities now given by Q, V,Eand U are related to the
previous one as (1985) (B) The direction of the electric field remains the same
(A) Q > Q0 (B) V > V0 (C) E > E0 (D) U > U0 (C) The electric potential increases continuously
(D) The electric potential increases at first, then
Q.23 A parallel plate capacitor is charged and the decreases and again increases
charging battery is then disconnected. If the plates
of the capacitor are moved farther apart by means of Q.26 An elliptical cavity is carved within a perfect
insulating handles (1987) conductor. A positive charge q is placed at the center of
(A) The charge on the capacitor increases. the cavity. The points A and B are on the cavity surface
as shown in the figure. Then (1999)
(B) The voltage across the plates increases.
(C) The capacitance increases.
A
(D) The electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor
increases. q B
V ε0 AV 2 1
(C) E = (D)
= W 1 −
Kd 2d K
P hysi cs | 19.67
Q.27 For spherical symmetrical charge distribution, Q.30 Six point charges are kept at the vertices of a
variation of electric potential with distance from center regular hexagon of side L and centre O, as shown in the
is given in diagram. Given that: (2006) 1 q
figure. Given that K = , which of the following
q q 4 π ε0 L2
V= for r ≤ R 0 and V = for r ≥ R 0
4 πε0R 0 4 πε0r statement(s) is (are) correct ? (2012)
v F
F E
+q q
d
P
E3
r
r = R0
A S T D
O -2q
Then which option(s) are correct: +2q
E2
(A) Total charge within 2 R 0 is q
R
(B) Total electrostatic energy for r ≤ R 0 is zero
C
(C) At r = R 0 electric field is discontinuous. B
+q -q
(D) There will be no charge anywhere expect at r= R 0 .
(A) The electric field at O is 6K along OD.
(B) The potential at O is zero
Q.28 Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(2011) (C) The potential at all points on the line PR is same
(A) If the electric field due to a point charge varies as (D) The potential at all points on the line ST is same
−2.5 −2
r instead of r , then the Gauss’s law will still be valid
Q.31 In the circuit shown in the figure, there are two
(B) The Gauss’s law can be used to calculate the field
parallel plate capacitors each of capacitance C. The
distribution around an electric dipole
switch S1 is pressed first to fully charge the capacitor
(C) If the electric field between two point charges is C1 and then released. The switch S2 is then pressed to
zero somewhere, then the sign of the two charges is charge the capacitor C2 . After some time, S2 is released
the same and then S3 is pressed. After some time, (2013)
(D) The work done by the external force in moving a S1 S2 S3
unit positive charge from point A at potential VA to
point B at potential VB is (VB − VA )
C1 C2
2V0 V0
Q.29 In the given circuit, a charge of +80 µC is given
to the upper plate of the µF capacitor. Then in the
steady state, the charge on the upper plate of the 3µF
capacitor is (2012) (A) The charge on the upper plate of C1 is 2 C V0
(B) The charge on the upper plate of C1 is C V0
+80C
4F (C) The charge on the upper plate C1 is 0
(D) The charge on the upper plate of C1 is - C V0
and that in the other portion is E2. Choose the correct d/2
option/options, ignoring edge effects (2014)
E1 E1 1
(A) = 1 (B) = Q1 E1
E2 E2 K S/2
E2 2
Q1 3 C 2+K Q2
(C) = (D) =
Q2 K C1 K
+ S/2 -
Exercise 1 Exercise 1
Q.1 Q.3 Q.4 Q.3 Q.5 Q.6
Exercise 2 Exercise 2
Q. 2 Q.3 Q.4 Q.2 Q.6 Q.12
Answer Key
Q.10 11.1% energy is increased Q.29 (i) (a) 10s ; (b) 2 µC ; (c) 6.94s
Exercise 2
Q.1 C Q.2 D Q.3 C Q.4 D Q.5 C Q.6 A
JEE Advanced/Boards
V0 1
Q.15 (a) I = e−2t/Rc ; (b) CV 2
Exercise 1 R 4 0
Q.5 10 µC 4 ε0 AV 2 ε0 AV
(ii) Q3 = ; Q5 =
3 d 3 d
8
Q.6 µF Q.18 69 mC
3
Aε0 V 100
Q.7 Q.19 (a) Volts
d 7
Q.20 150 µJ
2
Q.9 2k(q − x) Q.21 16 µC
35r
Q.10 0.8
3
Q.22
Q.11 9J 5
1 1
E Q.23 W =Aε0 V02 1 − '
Q.12 C R 2 K
R + R 3
1 3
Q.24 12Volt
7
Q.13 (a) A Q.25 (i) 0.2 × 10−8 F,1.2 × 10−5 J;
50
(ii) 4.84 × 10−5 J
(b) Q1 = 0
9µC, Q2 =
(iii) 1.1 × 10−5 J
(b) 0.125 µJ
P hysi cs | 19.71
Exercise 2
Single Correct Choice Type
Comprehension Type
Solutions
1 1 1 1 8F
Total ⇒ = + + 2F
Ctotal 3 3 9
Capacitance b/w C and D
3F C2 ' 3F −1
1 1
= 4µ F + + µ F
1 7 6 12
= ⇒ Ctotal = 9 / 7 µ F = 1.29 µF
Ctotal 9
= 4µ F + 3µ F
= 7µ F
Sol 2: We have
Let capacitance b/w E and F
Q =CV ⇒ 5 × 10−6 =C × V = 2 + 2 = 4µ F
−6
5 × 10 Net capa. b/w G and B
⇒ V= = 5000 V
−9
10 −1 −1
1 1 1
D = + µF + 1 + µ F
C4 C3 8 4 7
Sol 3: A C2 B 8 7 64 + 21 85
= + µF = µF= µF
C1C5 3 8 24 24
E
Now from symmetry, we can argue that the charge at 1 24
Now 1= +
C2 must be zero and hence potential diff. across D and E. C 85
1 1 1 1 1 85
So (capacitance across ADB)−1 = + = + = ⇒ Cc= µ F= 1.39 µ F
C 4 C3 4 4 2 61
d 1 1
Capacitance −1 = . +
-(Q-q)
2F
Q-q 2Q/3 2ε0 A k1 k 2
−1
⇒ CA
=
2ε0 A 1 1
. +
d k1 k 2
-q q
Q/3 (B) Capacitance Total = C1 + C2
2F
2 1 64 × 10−2 ε0 A 1 1
(8 × 10−4 )2
= + = Sol 9: CA = 1
and CB −= +
9 × 4 × 10−6 18 × 2 × 10−6 2×6 d C1 C2
= 5.33 × 10−2 J d d d 2ε A
= + = ⇒ CB = 0
4ε0 A 4ε0 A 2ε0 A d
⇒ Energy lost = 8 − 5.33 = 2.67 ×10−2 J
So CA / CB =1/ 2
B D
1 1 1
= × (300)2 . ε0 A −
2 d1 d2 We have q1 + q2 + q3 =
0
2d 2d.Mi q1 q2 3
Similarly,=
ti = .. ⇒ = ⇒ q1 = q
ai Ee 3 2 2 2
, q1 780 µ C
q2 520 µ C =
=
Now distance = Ve × te
520 µ C
2d.me Potential difference = = 260 Volts
2Vd 2 µF
= ×
me Ee Thus the charge will flow from each positive terminal to
the negative terminal.
V
= 2d. (independent of mass)
Ee
Sol 18: No current will pass through, the upper portion,
Same distance can be found for the ion and hence the and voltage difference between the capacitors would
time is same. be same as ε .
−1 −1
1 1 1 1
Sol 17: Q =
3 × 300 =
900 µ C. C total
=
C +C
+ = + = 5µ F
1 2 C3 + C 4 10 10
And Q 2 =
2 × 200 =400 µ C.
(4)
Actual emf = ε − × 1 = ε − 1 = 3V
Q1 Q1-q (3 + 1)
+ -
So Q = CV = 5 µ F × 9 = 15µ C
q1 q3
Q2 Q2+q
Q1 − q (Q 2 + q)
So using Kirchhoff’s law, ⇒ − 0
=
3 2
q2 q1
2Q − 3Q 2
⇒ 2Q1 − 2q = 3Q 2 + 3q ⇒ q = 1
5
q1 ⇒ q3= 9µ C ⇒ q4= 6µ C
q1
q2
1 9 . 7 6 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
3F q66F -q6
Diagram-2 C1
e q’’ c
a
2F q’’
q4 C2 CT ’
4F
2F
q4
5F 4F q5 b
-q’’C q’’ d
f
A 4F B
1
5F q5
4F
A B
3F 12F
e
a
3F 12F
Diagram-3 q’’
2.4F C2 CT’’
A 2.4F B b
f
5F
A 2.4F B
5F
−1
2.4CF = 1 + 1
total
5 4.8 a
−1 −1
1 1 1 5 120
Ctotal
= + = 2.45µ F
5 4.8 + = = CT’’’
5 24 49
−1
1 5 120 b
=
So,
=Q+ CV
= = =
2.45 × 102.45µF µ C
= 24.5
5 24 49
Now from diagram (3), capacitance
We have
= same ⇒ charge is equally divided. −1 −1
1 1 1 2 1
24.5 CT =
+ + = (6 / 7)µ C
+ =
⇒ q=
2 q=
3 = 12.25 µ C 3 3 2 3 2
2
Now from diagram (2) 6 20
Now CT ' = + 2= µC
q4 + q5 =
q2 7 7
q4 q5 7 2
−1
61 60
−1
And − 0 ⇒ 2q4 − q5
= Now CT " = + = = µC
2 4
20 3 60 61
12.25 × 2
So q4 = 12.25/3µC = 4.08µC and=
q5 = 8.166µ C
3 60 182
⇒ CT '"= + 2= µC
4.08µ C 61 61
(i) So voltage diff. =
= q / c = 2.04 V
2µ F
−1 −1
61 1 1 61 2
12.25µ C 6.12µC CTotal = + + = 1 C
+ =µ
(ii) Charge = = 182 3 3 182 3
2
[q3 =
12.25µ Cand2q6 =
q3 ]
P hysi cs | 19.77
(ii) Q = CV = 1× 900
= 900µC 7 7
VAC= × VCB ⇒ VAC ⇒ .VCB
3 3
(iii)
600 3
600V ⇒ VAC= 7 × = 420 V and V=
CB 600 × = 180 V
C 500V 10 10
900
1 C × 420 = 420 µ C
⇒ Q AC =CV =µ
600 C 2 300 C
And QBC= 180 × 1= 180 µ C
0 d 400V
300V And in each 3 , q will be equally distributed
q= 420 − 2 × 180 ( on each)
Q 900µC
=
1 1
900 Sol 23: We have × C1 × (2)2 + × C2 .(2)2 = 10 × 102
v
⇒ ∆= = 300V 2 2
3
300 ⇒ C1 + C2 =
500
Now between e and c = = 100V
3
Q2 Q2 1 1
So, between c and=
d 500 − 400V = 100V And 160
= + 320 Q 2 +
⇒=
2C1 2C2 C
1 C 2
Sol 21: (a) a b 1 1 V2
= V 2 × Ceq2 + =
All in series C1 C2 1 1
+
(b) 2 C1 C2
V ⋅ C1 ⋅ C2
320 =
C1 + C2
a b C1 ⋅ C2
⇒ 80
= ⇒ C1 ⋅ C
= 2 40000 …(i)
500
Cnet =1.2F ⇒ On solving, 400 , C2 = 100
C1 =
Sol 24:
q2 -q2
q1 -q1
Cnet
= 1.2 µ F 2F 3F
1F
We have q3 + q1 = 110µC
A 1 C B
and q2 − q1 =
0
q3 q1 q2 q1 q2
q1 and
⇒ q2 = − − 0 ⇒ q3 =
= +
A 1 C Ctot B 1 2 3 2 3
5 ⋅ q1 6 × 110
⇒ 110 − q1= ⇒ q1= = 60 ⇒ q1 = 60µC
A 1 C Ctot B 6 11
VAC + VCB =
600 ….. (i) So, q=
2 60µC and q5= 50µC
So, 110 − 50= 60µC charge passes through wire.
And 1× VAC = Ctot × VCB
1 9 . 7 8 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
40V (unchanged)
Sol 25: 100V 0
CA CB Ceq (parallel)= C1 + C2
100V CA 90 0 1 1 ε0 A.(2d)
= ε0 A. + = 2
CB d + a d − a (d − a2 )
2µC 1 1 2ε A
Without any a difference , Ceq =
ε0 A × + = 0
We have CA × 60 = CB × 40 ( q charge is same) d d d
CA 2
Similarly , = CB 0.24 µ F
⇒= 4V
CB 3
(i) We have , iR + q / c =
4
Vmax V 0
Sol 26: dq q 4
⇒ iCR + q =4C ⇒ + =
C1 C2 dt RC R
For Vmax .(inseries) , Q = same for both the capacitance (in q,t t
4 t/RC
∫ d q.e
t/RC
R ∫0
series ) ⇒ = e .dt
0,0
So , C1 (Vmax − V)= C2 (V − 0)
4
q.e
= t/RC
=.(RC) et/RC − 1
R
⇒ 1× (Vmax − V) = 2.(V − 0)
Vmax
⇒ Vmax − V =
2V ⇒ V = =
⇒ q 4C 1 − e− t/RC
3
Now V < 4kV dq 1 − t/RC
Now = 4C. .e
Vmax dt RC
⇒ < 4 ⇒ Vmax < 12 kV
3
4
= × e−1/3 = 0.96 µ C / s
And Vmax − V < 6kV 3 × 10 6
2Vmax Q2
⇒ < 6kV ⇒ Vmax < 9 kV (ii) E= x ×
3 2c
Lower limit is 9 kV dE 1 dq q dq
⇒ = × 2 × q. = .
C1.C2 dt 2C dt C dt
Sol 27: Ceq (Series) =
(C1 + C2 ) 4C 1 − e−1/3
= . 4 × e−1/3 = 1.09 × 10−6 J / s
1
−1
d+a d−a
−1
2d
−1
ε0 A C 3 × 106
1
= + =
+ = =
C1 C2 ε0 A ε0 A ε0 A 2d
dq
2
2
(iii) P = i R = .R
Which is same as without any difference a. dt
= (0.96 µ C)2 .3 × 106
P hysi cs | 19.79
5C
kq
Potential at center due to one charge =
r
9 × 109 × 5 × 10−6
2V = = 45 × 104 V
−1
10
(i)
Potential at center due to all the charges
(a) t = RC = 107 × 10–6 = 10 sec
(b) Q = CV = 2 × 1 µC = 2µC = 6 × Vq = 2.7 × 106 V
⇒ et/10 = 2
10C
⇒ t = 10ln2 = 6.94 sec
(ii) A B
2C
(k)(10µC) 2k
Sol 30: VB = = (10 µC)
a a
-1
2
NC
o
30
(0) = 0
x
30
+ 2
E=
Sol 33:
T = (Eq) (2 ) sin 30° q
T = E sin 30°. (q.2l) r = 0.1m
⇒ Dipole moment (D) v = 100 volts
26
T 27 × 10 kq 100 × 0.1
= q.2 l = = ⇒ = 100 ⇒ q =
Esin30° 30 × 10 4 × 1/ 2 r k
= 1.8 × 1024 cm = 1.1 × 10-9 C (positive)
1 9 . 8 0 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
7cm
Exercise 2
q1 q2 q q
Vp = K +k = k 1 + 2 Single Correct Choice Type
r1 r2 r1 r2
q1 = −10µc , r1 = 1 cm Sol 1: (C)
q2 = 20µc , r2 = 7 cm CV + Q
-CV
Put the values in the equation for Vp, d
Vp = – 1.8 × 106 V
Sol 35:
-7 C
0
x1
5)
.5
,1
-2 σ1 CV CV + Q CV Q CV
,0
+ = + = +
(0
.5 work done = E × d = + CV ×
,1
Q 1 Q
Total charge of system = + C × V'× = V +
2C C 2C
= -2.5 × 10-7 C + 2.5 × 10-7 C = 0
−1
Dipole moment of system 1 1 1
Sol 2: (D) Ceq =C + + =C + C / 2 =3C / 2
= -2.5 × 10 × (-15 – 15) × 10
-7 -2 C 2C 2C
Q =×
60 3C / 2 =
90C
=-7.5 × 10-8 Cm (along –ve z-axis)
q1 q2
Now = = ; q1 2q2 and =
q1 + q2 90C
Sol 36: The motion perpendicular to electric field won’t C C/2
account in work
⇒ q2 =
30C. So potential difference
∴ Work done in moving charge from A to B is = Q=
/ C 30V
E(6 – 2) = 4E
∴ Potential difference between A and B = 4E also Sol 3: (C)
q3
VB = VC (since no parallel movement along E)
q2
⇒ VC – VA = 4E and VC > VA
q4
Sol 37: (i) q1
+ Eq
4F
6 Q
Eq -
P hysi cs | 19.81
1 1
−1
10
−1 q1 q2
Ceq =4 + + =4 + =6.1µC. = ⇒ q1 = 2q2
4 2
3 7 21
144µF
⇒ q2 = = 48µC
So qtot = q1 + q2 = (6 / 6.1)µC 3
= =
q1 4×6 8 B C
6.1× 6.1 C
3C/2
Sol 4: (D) 4 times in series. Let each be x, then A B
x
= 16µF ⇒ x = 4µF
4 C
−1
Which is possible when 8 are connected in parallel 20 1 3C 8C
So eq ⇒ + +C= +C=
⇒ 8 × 4 = 32 3C C 5 5
Sol 5: (C) −1
1 1 1 5 1
Sol 8: (B) Ceq = + + − 1= +
6F 2 5 3 6 5
3F 6F −1
31 30 30
= = = µF q C=
eq .Vmax .V ;
31 max
4F 30 31
24V
q 30
−1 V=
1 = .V < 3V ⇒ Vmax < 6.2 V
1 1 C 31× 2 max
+ =2 and 2 + 4 =6µF
3 6
q 30 1
V2 == × .V < 2V ⇒ Vmax < 6.2 V
So charge = Q = 6µF × 24 = 144µC C 31 3 max
Sol 9: (B)
σ
=105 V / m ⇒
σ
=0.5 × 105 V / m Previous Years’ Questions
ε0 2ε0
σ C1C2
Now, force= × Q= 0.5 × 105 × 1µC= 0.05 N Sol 1: (A) In series, C =
2ε0 C1 + C2
σ Q2
Sol 10: (C) Force = × Q=
2ε0 2Aε0
so Force ∝ Q 2
1F
Vmax 3V 2V 1V
O
2 3 5 10F
(1) (2) (3) (10)(1) 10
Cnet = = µF
Now, when d is halved ⇒ C is doubled; Q=CV ⇒ Q is 10 + 1 11
doubled.
So Force ∝ Q 2 ⇒ F becomes four times. Sol 2: (D) Since, the capacitor plates are directly
connected to the battery, it will take no time in charging
d/2 d/2 k + k2 C
Sol 11: (A) deff = + = d 1
k1 k2 2k1k 2
d 2k1k 2 R
∴ k eff = =
deff k1 + k 2
V
A 2 ∈0 A(k1k 2 )
Also, C =
∈0 =
deff k1 + k 2
Sol 3: (D) When S3 is closed, due to attraction with
opposite charge, no flow of charge takes place through
Sol 12: (C)
S3. Therefore, potential difference across capacitor
plates remains unchanged or V1 = 30V and V2 = 20V
Alternate solution
Charges on the capacitors are
q1 = (30)(2) = 60pC and
Capacitance increases = kC0
q2 = (20)(3) = 60pC or q1 = q2 = q(say)
Now,
The situation is similar as the two capacitors in series
qi =Ci V =60µC and qf =Cf V =180µC(60 + 120) are first charged with a battery of emf 50 V and then
⇒ Cf = kCi ⇒ k = Ci . V = 180µ C ⇒ k = 3 disconnected.
q q
+ - + -
2pF 2pF q=60pC q=60pC
+ - + -
V1=30V V1=20V
50V
∴ When S3 is closed, V1 = 30V and V2 = 20 V.
P hysi cs | 19.83
Sol 4: (A) Due to attraction with positive charge, the Dipole moment
negative charge on capacitor A will not flow through
the switch S. 4q
a/2
Sol 5: (A) After time t, thickness of liquid will
-4q
d
remain – vt
3 a
P = 4q ˆj = 2qa ˆj
Now, time constant as function of time: 2
ε0 (1)R kq VR
tc = CR = Sol 9: (D) Potential of each drop = V = ⇒q=
d d / 3 – vt R k
d – – vt + VR
3 2 If n drops coalse, Q = nq = n
k
Radius R’ = n1/3 R
ε0 A
Applying C = nkVR
t The potential of new drop = = Vn2/3
d–t+ kn1/3R
k
6ε R Sol 10: (B) The potential at center is same as that of
=0
5d + 3Vt the surface.
∴ V = 10 Volts
Sol 6: (C) Option C is correct because electron gets
attracted towards positive charge (moves against Sol 11: (A)
electric field) larger the potential, lower the potential
energy for electron.
∴
U = V(-q) b
10V
5V
a
Sol 7: (B) σ = 10-7 C/m2
Given, V = 5 volts
Sol 8: (A) -
3q b
+
a
-2q -2q c -
+ -
+ -
+ -
∴ DV = VC – VC + - Q2=C2V2=(2C)(2V)=4CV
1 2 + -
1 1
= (Q1 – Q 2 ) – (Q1 – Q 2 ) The two capacitors will have the same potential, say V’
4 πε0R 2
The net capacitance of the parallel combination of the
Q1 – Q 2 two capacitors will be
= ( 2 –1)
2(4 πε0R) C’ = C1 + C2 = C + 2C = 3C
The potential difference across the capacitors will be
W = qDV = q(Q1 – Q2)( 2 – 1)/ 2 (4pe0R)
Q' 3CV
V’ = = =V
C' 3C
Sol 16: (C) The diagrammatic representation of the
given question is shown in figure. The electrostatic energy of the capacitors will be
1 1 3
Eq U’ = C’V’2 = (3C)V2 = CV2
2 2 2
E
Sol 18: (D) Potential at origin will be given by
y
E-q
q 1 1 1 1
V= – + – + .......
4πε0 x0 2x0 3x0 4x0
x
q 1 1 1 1 q
q -q = . 1– + – +....... = ln(2)
4πε0 x0 2 3 4 4 πε 0 x0
(-d, 0) (d, 0)
P hysi cs | 19.85
x
A B
+Q1 +Q2
E2 E1 E
∴ VA = VC and VA > VB
1 2
Q – Q2 Q1 – Q 2 Q1 – Q 2 q Q
VA – VB = Ed = 1 Sol 22: (B) q
2Aε d = Aε = 2C
0
2 0 x=–a x=0 x=+a
d
Initial Position
ε0 A
Sol 20: (D) Applying C= , we have q Q q
t t
d – t1 – t2 + 1 + 2 x=–a
K1 K 2 x=x x=a
ε0 (A / 2) Final position
d/2 d/2
d–d/2–d/2+ + 2KQq K.q.q
K1 K3 Ui = +
q 2a
ε0 (A / 2) Kε0 A
+ = 1 1 K.q.q
d/2 d/2 d and Uf = KQq
d–d/2–d/2+ + + +
K2 K3 a + x a – x 2a
Sol 25: (C) A = (–a, 0, 0), B = (0, a, 0) Sol 29: (A) 120C1 = 200C2
y
6C1 = 10C2
3C1 = 5C2
B -Q
∫ dV = − ∫ 30 x2 dx
V0 0
ε0 A 6ε0R
ApplyingC = = VA − V0 =
−80 volt
t 5d + 3Vt
d–t+
k
Sol 33: (B, C) The potential at the centre
Sol 28: (D) q1 = C1V = 2V = q 2
R 4 π r dr
Q 3 kQ 3 1
4 3 ∫0
= k = = =V ;k
This charge will remain constant after switch is shifted r 2 R 2 0 4 π ε0
πR
from position 1 to position 2. 3
1 q2 q2 q2
Ui = = = ∴ R1 = 0
2 Ci 2×2 4
kQ
1 q2 q2 q2 Potential at surface, V0 =
Uf = = = R
2 Cf 2 × 10 20
5V R
q2 Potential at R 2 = 0
⇒ R2 =
∴ Energy dissipated = Ui – Uf = 4 2
5
k Q 3 kQ 4R
q2 Potential at R3 , = ⇒ R=
3
This energy dissipated = is 80% of the initial R3 4 R 3
5
q 2
stored energy = k Q kQ
4 Similarly at R 4 , = ⇒ R 4 = 4R
R4 4R
P hysi cs | 19.87
And thus , q=
2 50 µ C
Sol 5: ∆ V =
10 V 4ε A ε0 AV
4Q = (4C)V = 0 V ⇒ Q =
So, Q = CV = 10 × 1 µ C d d
(The ends of C = 1µ F are connected to the terminals of ε0 AV
the battery) So, the charge on plate 1 is and that on plate 4
d
2ε AV
is − 0
d
Sol 6: Suppose a charge q is given to the system.
q1 -q1 q4 -q4 C1.C2
Sol 8: Capacitance (left side):
C1 + C2
-q2 1
x 1 1 2 y 1× (A / 2).ε0 3 × (A / 2).ε0
q2 . 3Aε0 3Aε0
2 = d d = =
(A / 2).ε0 8d 8d
q3 -q3 4.
d
Then, q1 + q2 + q3 =q …… (i)
Capacitance: (right side)
And q4 + q3 = q ….. (ii)
2 × (A / 2).ε0 4 × (A / 2).ε0
Also , applying kirchoffs law in loop (i) .
d d 4 Aε0 2Aε0
−q1 q2 = = =
+ 0 ⇒ q1 = q2 …(iii)
= (A / 2).ε0 6 d 3d
6.
1 1 d
q3 q2 q4
And − − 0
= 3Aε0 2Aε0
2 2 1 So C=
total +
8d 3d
q3 2(q2 + q4 )
⇒=
9 + 16 Aε0 25 Aε0
Now, 2q1 + q3 =
q (form (i)) =Ctotal =
24 d 24 d
(q − q3 )
⇒ q=
2 q=
1
2
Sol 9:
(q − q3 )
⇒ q3 2.
= + q − q3
2 II
⇒ 4q3 =q − q3 + 2q − 2q3
I q2
⇒ q3 = 3q / 4 -x
p
1 3q
Now, ∆=
V 3q / 4 × = V
2 8 x
8 q-x
So Capacitance = q / ∆ V = µF -q+x
3
Sol 7: The Circuit can be converted to all branches have Now V at outer must = 0
the same capacitance and are connected in parallel.
k.( − x) kq k[( −q + x) + q2 ]
1 2 ⇒ + + 0
=
Q Q 3.5r 3.5r 3.5r
⇒ kq2 = 0 ⇒ q2 = 0
3 2
(A,1,3,5) (2,4,B) And now potential at inner cell = 0
Q Q
k.( −q + x) k(q − x) k.x kx
3 4 + + − 0
=
3.5r 2.5r 2.5r r
Q Q
5 4 k( −q + x) kq kx
⇒ + − 0
=
Q Q 3.5r 2.5r r
P hysi cs | 19.89
(x − q) q 20
1
+ −x =0 So Energy =∫ ε0 .E2 .(4 πr 2 ).dr
3.5 2.5 2
10
2(x − q) 2q
+ − x=0 ε0 dr
7 5 = . 4 π.k 2q2 20
10 ∫ r2
2
⇒ 10(x − q) + 14 q − 35 x =
0
⇒ 4q = 25x kq2 1 1 5kq2
= . − =
2 0.1 0.2 2
⇒ x = 4q / 25
kx 5 × 9 × 109 × (20)2 × 10−12
So in region (I), E = =
r2 2
2.5r =9J
1
Energy = ∫ ε .E2 .(4 πr 2 ).dr
2 0 E
r Sol 12: i =
R1 + R3
2.5
1 2 1 2
= 2 ×ε0 × 4 π.kx ∫ r2 r .dr
So, ∆ v= R 3 .i=
R 3E
r
R1 + R 3
2
kx 2 3k 2 CR 3E
= 1 − = 10r .x where x = 4q/25 Now, Q = C × ( ∆ V) =
2r 5 R1 + R 3
Similarly in region II
−kx k(q) k( −x + q) Sol 13: (A)
E
= + =
2 2
r r r2
2F
3.5r
1
⇒ Energy = ∫ ε0E2 (4 πr 2 )dr 30
2.5r
2 9V 2V
30 60 +
k(q − x)2 2 2 2k(q − x)2 1F
= − = -
2r 5 7 35r
O
-2V
Sol 10:=i 2 / 4 + =
5 2/9 -
or
2 10 +
So ∆ V for 4µ F =iR = 5 × =V
9 9
2 8 2µC
And ∆ V for 5 µ F = iR = 4 × = v (a) ∆V across 1µ=
F = 2V
9 9 1µ F
1 / 2 × 5 × (8 / 9)2 9−2
So Energy ratio = Now so current =
1 / 2 × 4 × (10 / 9)2 −1
1 1
30 + +
5 64 4 60 30
= × = =0.8
4 100 5 7 7
= = = A 0.14 A
30 + 20 50
Sol 11: Now after connection all the
charge will transfer to be outer shall. 30C (b) Current = 0; So, qC = 9 × 1 = 9µ C
1
Now, the heat generated would be And qC =( ∆V) × C2 =0 × C 2 =0
same as then energy of the region 100m 2
kq
So, E =
r2
1 9 . 9 0 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
5 × 0.05 2
= 1 − e−10
R2 R2 2
E + qC 0.125 µJ
-
q
⇒ E − iR1 − i1 R 3 − =0 ….. (i) Sol 15:
C
0
And E − iR1 − i2R 2 = ….. (ii) q1
i= i1 + i2 …… (iii) (a)
q2
q
So i2R 2 − i1R 3 − =0
C
q dq1 dq2
(i − i1 ) R 2 − i1R3 − 0
= =
=i =
C dt dt
q
iR 2 − i1 (R 2 + R3 ) − 0
= q1 q2
c And − iRC =
C C
R q
⇒ iR1. 2 = i1 (R 2 + R 3 ) + and q1 + q2 =
CV
R1 C
q R q ⇒ q1 − iRC = CV − q1
⇒ E − i1R3 − . 2 = i1(R 2 + R3 ) +
C R1 C dq1
⇒ 2q1 + .(RC) =
CV
dt
R R .R q R
⇒ E. 2= i1 R 2 + R3 + 3 2 + 1 + 2q1 dq1
R1 R1 C R1 ⇒ + V /R
=
C dt
q
⇒ E.R 2= i1(R1.R 2 + R1.R 3 + R 3 .R 2 ) + .[R .R ] q,t t
C 1 2 ⇒ ∫
q0,0
(
d q1.e2t/RC = ) V
∫ R .e
0
2t/RC
.dt
2 dq q(R1 + R 2 )
⇒ = +
∑ R1.R 2 dt c.( ∑ R1.R 2 ) 2t/RC V (RC) 2t/RC
⇒ q1.e= − q0 . . e −1
R 2
t.(R1+R2 ) t.(R1+R2 )
E.R 2 t c( ∑ R .R ) dt q,t c.( ∑ R +R ) VC
∑ R .R ∫ e = ∫ d q.e
⇒ 1 2 1 2
⇒ q=
1 q0 .e
−2t/RC
+ . 1 − e−2t/RC
1 2 0 0,0 2
dq1 −2 −2/RC VC 2 −2t/RC
t(R1+R2 ) t(R1+R2 ) = So, q0. .e + .e
E.R 2 C( ∑ R1.R 2 ) C( ∑ R1.R2 ) C( ∑ R1.R2 ) dt RC 2 RC
⇒ . e −1 = q.e
∑(R1.R 2 ) (R1 + R 2 )
−V V
= × 2.e−2t/RC + .e−2t/RC
R R
ECR 2 −t(R1 + R 2 ) dq
⇒ 1 − e =q V
(R1 + R 2 ) C( ∑ R1.R 2 ) = i=
− 1=+ .−2t/RC
dt R
(b) Heat generated = Einitial − Efinal
− t(300 +300)×2
10 × 0.01× 300 0.01×106 [300×300 +300×50 + 300×50×186 ]
q . 1 − e 1 CV 2 1
300 + 300 1
= × CV0 2 − × × × 2
2 2 2 C
0.1
= . 1 − e− t/2 = 0.05 1 − e− t/2 µC CV02 CV02 CV02
2
= − =
2 4 4
P hysi cs | 19.91
3q q q So capacitance = Q / ∆V
Sol 16: E = − =
2Aε0 2Aε0 Aε0 = q / 3q / 5c
qd q 5C 5Aε0
⇒ Voltage = E × d= = = =
Aε0 C 3 3d
1
So energy initial = × C × V2 (ii) Charge on plate 3 ⇒ q4
2
2
q (from 2 and 3)
2q4 + q2 =
1 q q2 q2d
= × C × = = ⇒ q4 = − q / 10
2 C 2C 2Aε0
Now, we have ∆ v =
3q / 5C , So v 0 = 3q / 5C
and Efinal = 0 (both have q = 2q)
5V0 C
So Einitial = Efinal + heat ⇒ =q
3
q2d 5V0 Aε0
⇒ = Heat ⇒ .
=q
2Aε0 3d
Aε0 .V0
Sol 17: So, q4
= ⇒ on plate 3
6d
1
And charge on plate 5 = q1
2
-
3 Now, q1 + q2 =
q
4
5
⇒ q1 = 2q / 5
6
+
7 2 5V0 .Aε0 2 V0 Aε0
8 = × =
5 3d 3 d
Sol 18:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Qo Q2 Qo-Q2
3F
3F 10V 6F
5V
Q1-Qo 3F
-q1 7 q
2 8
Q1 A B
q1 1 -q3
q3 6F 5V 6F
q4 5 Qo
3 -q4 6 Qo 10V
A B
q2 4
-q2 Set up potential drop equations to get the values of Q0,
Q1, and Q2
Let q charge be given to the system. Now, close the switch ‘AB’ and draw a similar charge
distribution diagram.
q
q1 + q2 = …. (i)
This will give you the new charges across all the plates.
q
q3 + q4 + q2 = ….. (ii)
q3 q4 By using appropriate arithmetic, you can easily get to
− =0 ⇒ q3 =q4 …. (iii) the charge flown across the switch AB.
1 1
q1 − q2 + q4 =
0
q2
q1 + q4 = ….. (iv)
So on solving,
⇒ q2 = 3q / 5
So ∆ V =
3q / 5C (C = capacitance of each capacitors)
1 9 . 9 2 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
60C q3 = CV = 3µ F × 10 = 30µ F
-10C 10C So energy or heat generated = work done by battery -
energy stored in capacitor
A 20 V 4F
1
50C = 10 × 30 − × 3 × (10)2 = 300 − 150 = 150 µ J
2
−1 −1
1 1
Sol 21: Ceq = 1 + + + 1
3F 2 2
V 2 V-20 2 2 4
1 = + = µF
20 V 4F 3 3 3
2F 3
4
5F So , Q =Ceq .V = × 24 =32 µ C
3
This will be divided equally, as the capacitor are
Charge is conserved
equal ⇒ Q = 16 µ C
(V − 0) × 3 + (V − 0) × 2 + (V − 0) × 5 + (V − 20) × 4 = 10 + 60 + 50
= 10 + 60 + 50 1
1 2
2
⇒ 14V − 80 =
120 24V 1
1 FF S 2
2 FF
+
+ 24V S
⇒ VA = 200 / 14 = 100 / 7 --
2'
2' FF 1
1 FF
300
(b) q1= 2 × (100 / 7) , q2 =3 × V = µC 4
4 3
3
7
5 × 100 300 (a)
(a)
And=
q3 = µC
7 7
-Q
-Q11 Q
Q11 Q
Q22 -Q
-Q22
100
= q4 = (VA − 20) × 4 µ F = − 20 × 4µ F 1 2
7 1
1FF 2FF
2
24V 1 S 2
+ 24V
+ S
−160 -- 0
= µ F = 22.88
7
0 2
2 FF V
V00 1
1FF
4
4 3
3
Q22 Q Q22
Sol 20: Q -Q
-Q11 Q
Q11
5
(b)
(b)
2F
10V 3F When the switch S is closed as shown in the figure
(b), then the charges stored across positive plates
5V
0 (Cons. of charge)
⇒ (V − 5)2 + (V + 10)4 = Q=
1 ( 24 − Vo ) × 1µF …(i)
⇒ 6V + 30 =
0 Q 2= ( 24 − Vo ) × 2µF …(ii)
⇒ V = −5 Q 3= V0 × 1µF …(iii)
So q1 =−
( 5 − 5)2 =− 20 µ C Q 4 = V0 × 2µF …(iv)
And q2 = ( −5 + 10) × 4 = 20 µ C Thus from (i) and (iii) V0 = 12V and thus the charges be
n
After the switch is closed, the above eq s would s + Q1 =
Q3 =
12µF and Q 2 =
Q4 =
24µF
111 be valid , and hence q1 and q2 would be same.
P hysi cs | 19.93
Thus when switch is zero, 12µF charge is passed through Sol 24:
the switch. q1 C
8.85×10-12
q2 CV 2 = [0.02+ 0.18]
Therefore,
= UB = 8.85×10-4
2(3C) 6
= 0.2 ×10-8 F
2 2
3CV CV 1 2
∴ UTotal = + Energy = CV= 1.2 × 10−5 J
2 6 2
(ii) Q = CV
10 2 5CV 2
= = CV Uf …(ii) ε0 A
6 3 Find the new capacitance, C' =
Ui 3 d
From eqs. (i) and (ii) U = 5 Q 2
Q 2
f Work done = – = 4.84 × 10−5 J
2C' 2C
Aε0 Aε0 AV0
Sol 23: C = , So Q = CV = × V0 = .ε 0
d d d
kc
AV0 ε0 Q2 Q2 (iii) C’ 2
So, Q = , Einitial = =
d 2C0 2C0
1 1 Aε
= × C0 V02 = . 0 × V02 Find the new charge distribution, and proceed as (i) & (ii)
2 2 d
Energy of system = 1.1×10-5 J
ε0 AV02
Einitial =
2d
2 Sol 26:
Aε0 2
V0
Q2 = d V02 Aε0
E=
final = .
2Cf Aε0 2k d (1-x)
2.k.
d
x
Efinal + work done = Einitial
−100 (t/2RC/3)
10F ⇒ q1et/2CR
= /3
− 100 e −1
3
100
q1 100.e− t/RC/3 −
⇒= . 1 − e− t/2RC/3
3
+ - 200
Charge
10V (C) 3
So, q = 30 × 10 = 300 µC
t
Thus, q on 20 µ=
F 200 µC
Sol 28: Q = C0V0
And q on 20 µ=
F 200 µC
Now,
Now,
q1 -q1 q1 q2
C0 C
-q2 q2
q1 q2 q1 q q C
So, − =0 ⇒ =2 ⇒ 1= 0
C0 C C0 C q2 C
Now, q2 − q1 = 200 − 100 = 100 µCNow,
C0
−dq1 dq2 So, q1
= (q1 + q2 ) (After first)
i= = − (C0 + C)
dt dt
q1 q2 C02 V0
And, + − iR =
0 = (After First)
10 20 (C0 + C)
P hysi cs | 19.95
⇒ (0.094899)n = 0.35
qq1 1 -q-q
1
1
ln(0.35)
⇒ n=
22 FF
ln(0.94899) -q33
-q -q-q
2 2
⇒ n = 20 33FF 22FF
q33 q2q2
Sol 29:
S −q3 q1 q2
i R
i1 (i) Now Kirchhoff’s law : − + 0
=
3 2 2
i3 q2 q1 = 3q
=2 3q1 + 2q3 …. (i)
V R
C
i2 C and charge conservation
⇒ q1 − q3 = 300 µ C
i = i1 + i2 + i3 q2 − q3 = 60 µ C
dq1 dq
= i1= , 2 i2 = 3 60 − q3 =
3 300 + q3 + 2q3
dt dt
q1 q2 = 180 − 3q3 = 900 + 3q 3 + 2q3 = −720 =
8q3
And − = 0 ⇒ q1 + q2 …. (i)
C C = q3 =
− 90 µ C
dq1 dq2
⇒ = = i= i And thus, =
q2 150 µ C
dt dt 1 2
And =
q1 210 µ C
d2
⇒ = i3R ⇒ q2 = i3RC 2
C 1 Q2 1 Q2
(ii) Einitial = × + ×
q2 2 C1 2 C2
⇒ i3 = …. (ii)
RC 1 (300)2 1 (360)2
q = × + ×
V − iR − 1 = 0 2 3µ F 2 2µ F
C
= (300 × 50 + 360 × 90) µ J = 0.0474 J
(Kirchoff’s Law in bigger loop)
Sol 31:
P 1 ˆ
E2 + 2k 3 ( − j)
+q 2 y
e kP
E = E1 + E2 = ( −ˆi − 2ˆj)
2y 3
a a
Sol 33:
+q +q I. +q
a
r
Initial +q
2
kq
Ui = ×3 r
a
a/2 a/2 Or
eq eq eq +q
r
Final
kq2 +q
kq2
Uf = + ×2
a a II. +q
2 r
2v
Work done = Uf – Ui
2kq2 2r
⇒t=
ap +q
9 −2
2 × 9 × 10 × 10
= = 18×104 sec
1× 103
kq2 kq2 kq2 kq2
UI = ×2+ + ×2+
r 2r 3r 4r
Sol 32:
kq2 kq2 kq2
y UII = + + ×4
4r 2r 5r
P (0,y)
kq2 8 4
Wfirst step = UII – UI = −
r 3 5
o x
45
III.
P
E1 o,y (0,y)
E2 2v
P r
+
2
P r
2
P 1 2r
E1 = k 3 ( −ˆi)
2 y 0
P hysi cs | 19.97
r
UIII = UII ∴ wsecondstep = 0
dr
⇒ wthird = UIV – UIII – UII – UI - Wfirst step
∴ kldone
∴ Total work total =w first + wsec ond + w third =0 Initial electric potential = V
Q
kdq
Sol 34: Q = ∫ dv = ∫ (H2 + r2 )1/2
0
a
kσ2πr,dr q
⇒V= ∫ (H2 + r2 )1/2 where σ = 2
A 0 πa
L a
(H2 + r 2 )1/2
B ⇒ V = πσk
Q 1/ 2 0
σ = surface charge density = take an elemental
πRL
part
dx
(
⇒ V = 2psk (H2 + a2 )1/2 − H = 2 )
Final electric potential Vf = 2psk (a)
[substitute H = 0]
r
By equation conservation,
x A mg H + 2psk ((H2 + a2)1/2 – H) q = (2pska)q
q q
⇒ gH + σ ((H2 + a2)1/2 –H) = (σ . a)
dp 2 ε
0 m m2 ε0
Q
⇒V= U
2n ε0L
Exercise 2
⇒ 4.5CV 2 =
Heat generated
2
Single Correct Choice Type =ratio 4.5CV
= / 2CV 2 2.25
CV -CV CV 2CV q1 C
2V q2
Initial Final 2C
1
∴ × C × V 2 + 2V.(3CV)
2
1
= × C × (2V)2 + Heat generated
2
1 2
⇒ CV + 6CV 2 = 2CV 2 + Heat generated
2
P hysi cs | 19.99
2
q2 -q2 q2 -q2 Sol 9: (A) q 1F
v2 v2
oA oA
d d
A B 1
q 1F
Let there be a charge Q on body 1.
oA
q1 q2 q1 1
d So = ⇒ =
2ε0 A 1 2 q2 2
Net Capacitance =
d and q1 + q2 = Q ⇒ q1 = Q / 3 where q = initial charge
−1 −1
1 1 1 1 Q/ 3n
⇒q=
Sol 8: (A) Ceq = + + +
3C 2C 7C 3C
EC
6C 21C 33C Sol 10: (D) Total charge now= E.C / 2 =
= + = =3.3C 2
5 10 10
Now after dielectric is inserted,
Q max = Vmax × Ceq = Vmax (3.3C)
kC.C kC kCE
Ceff
= = so
= Q net
q1 q2 q 4 (kC+ C) (k + 1) (k + 1)
Now
= = ; 1
6 / 5C 21/ 10C q2 7 KCE CE (K − 1)CE
so Q flowed = − = from B to A
4 k +1 2 2(k + 1)
Now q1 = × Vmax × (3.3C) =1.2 Vmax C
11
as capacitance increases.
7
q2 = × Vmax × (3.3C) =2.1Vmax C
11 Sol 11: (B) Voltage would be highest at x = 0. And
E = constant ⇒ V ∝ x so it would decrease linearly,
from x = 0 to x-d, will remain constant from x = d to
x = 2d.
c B
A
d
Sol 12: (C) 1000V 0V
1
and thus ×i i|t ln 4µs.
=
1.5F 2 =|t 0 =
300 C -360 C
1
-300 C +360 C τ = 2µs = (r + 2) × × 10−6 ⇒ r = 2Ω
2
1 q0 q0 − t/ τ
⇒ × − = − .e = et/ τ = 2
2 τ τ
1.5F ⇒ ln 2 ⇒ ln 4 / τ
Sol 16: (A) q= q0 .e
q3− t/ τ -qwhere
3 τ (2 + r)0.5µ F
=
dq q0 − t/ τ 1.5F
⇒ =.e Multiple Correct Choice Type
dt z
300 -q -q2 -360 C
C1
-300 qC 2F ln2 × µs 3F +360 C Sol 21: (A, B, C) Now from charge conservation
e− t/ =
τ
1/ 2 1⇒ ln2
= t/τ⇒ = qln2
2
z q1 + q2 = 60µC ... (i); q3 − q1 = 300µC ... (ii)
r == 00)
⇒ τ = 1µs = (2 + r) × 1/ 2 ⇒ (r
⇒ q2 + q3 = 360µC
1.5F q1 q3 q2
q3 -q3 + − = 0 ; 3q1 + 4q
=3 2q2 ... (iii)
2 1.5 3
Final Ceff =
2C ⇒ charge =
2CE
Sol 18: (D) As at t = 0 the capacitor is assumed as a wire.
2CE − 2CE / 3 =
4CE / 3
dq q
Sol 19: (B)
= q q0 .e− t/RC ⇒= 0 .re−= t/RC
i Sol 23: (A, D)
dt RC
q0 1F v+10 2F
⇒=i .e− t/RC Now ∫ i2R.dt= 3.6 × 10−3 5 v O
−6
2 × 10 × 10
C1 C2
P hysi cs | 19.101
1 1
EC = × 1× (10)2 = 50µ J ; EC = × 2 × (5)2 = 25µ J + - o
1 2 2 2 CE/3 CE/3
⇒ 2EC =
EC + - + -
1 1
E E
σ
Sol 24: (A, B) We have E = (by one plate)
2ε0
Sol 26: (A, B, D) Charge = KCV – CV=(K-1)CV
σ Q2
So force = . Q= Energy absorbed= (K − 1)CV 2
2ε0 2Aε0
1 (K − 1)
C2 V 2 d CV 2 Energy
energy = × K × C × V2 = .CV 2
Q = CV ⇒ F= × = 2 2
2Aε0 d 2d
1 1
Now × K × C × V 2 + work = × C × V 2 = (K − 1)CV 2
2 2
Sol 25: (B, C, D)
1
Ceq ⇒ Work
work =(K − 1)CV 2
12F 2
Q CV V
Now Vnet = = = = E×d ⇒ E =V / Kd
KCV KCV C KC K
+ - + -
And energy initial + work done=energy final
Q2 Q2
+ work done =
2C 2KC
V V Q2 1 CV 2 1
Work
work = − 1 =− 1 −
2C K 2 K
−1
1 1
Ceq ' = 3.9 + + = 3.9 + 2.1 = 6µF Putting the value of "C" from the first line, we get
3 7
−1 ε0 AV 2 1
1 1 =W 1 −
Ceq =3.9 + + =4µF so q
= 4EµC. 2d K
6 12
−1
q1 q2 2.1 1 1
q1 + q2 = 4E and = ⇒ q1 = × 4E Sol 29: (C, D) C= +
2.1 3.9 6 eq
C1 C2
= 0.7 × 2E = 1.4E −1
x d−x−t
0.7 × 2EµC = +
so ∆V across 7 µF ⇒ =
q1/ 7 µF = 6 Aε Aε0
7µF × 10 0
−1
⇒E=30V d−t Aε0
= =
⇒ q1 = 0.7 × 2 × 30 = 42µC. Aε
0 d−t
q
∆V across 3 µ=
F = 14V ;
3 µF
1 9 . 1 0 2 | Electric Potential and Capacitance
⇒ Statement-I is false.
120 C1 C2 V
Comprehension Type
i2 80 60
10 10 10
(B) = i= = = 5A Q0 Q
Re q −1 2 x
1 1 ⇒ 1+
= 0
⇒ q2 =
1+ + q2 d 1+ x
2 2
d
(C) From kirchoff 's law
i1 R2
i1R1 = i2R 2 ⇒ = = cons tant
i2 R1
P hysi cs | 19.103
+ - Q1=C1V1=CV
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
t
d
+ -
x d-(x-t) + -
+ -
Q2 q22 Q 02 + - Q2=C2V2=(2C)(2V)=4CV
= = = + -
2Aε0 2Aε0 (1 + x/ d)2 2Aε
0
The net charge shared between the two capacitors is
Q 02 2d
1 Q’ = Q2 – Q1 = 4CV – CV = 3CV
And work done =
2Aε0 ∫ (1 + x/ d)2
d The two capacitors will have the same potential, say V’
2 2
Q0 d Q0 d The net capacitance of the parallel combination of the
= ×=
2Aε0 6 12Aε0 two capacitors will be
C’ = C1 + C2 = C + 2C = 3C
And potential difference = q1/C
The potential difference across the capacitors will be
Q0 Q 0 (x/ d) Q 0 x
q1 =
Q0 − = = Q' 3CV
1+ x / d 1+ x / d x + d V’ = = =V
C' 3C
Q 0 xd The electrostatic energy of the capacitors will be
potential q1 / C1 =
(x + d) A ε0 1 1 3
U’ = C’V’2 = (3C)V2 = CV2
2 2 2
Sol 39: (A, C) i=E/R1 → → →
Sol 2: Electric field within the plates=
E E Q1 + E Q2
E
Sol 40: (A, B, (B)
C) Current =
R1 + R 2 E
E × R2
(A) Voltage
voltage = ;
(R1 + R 2 )
2
1 1 ER 2 +Q1 +Q2
(C) × CV 2 = × C ×
2 2
(R1 + R 2 ) E2 E1
ε0 A ∴ V = V0, C > C0
Sol 3: (D) Applying C = ,
t1 t2 Q = CV∴ Q > Q0
d – t1 – t2 + +
K1 K 2
1 2
U= CV ∴ U > U0
we have 2
V
E= but V and d both are unchanged
A/2 A/2 A d
K1 d/2 K2 d/2 Therefore, E = E0
+ K d
K3 d/2 K3 d/2
Sol 7: (B, D) Charging battery is removed. Therefore,
q = constant Distance between the plates is increased.
Therefore, C decreases.
In parallel
q
ε0 (A / 2) Now, V = , q is constant and C is decreasing
C
d/2 d/2 Therefore, V should increase.
d–d/2–d/2+ +
K1 K3
1 q2
U= again q is constant and c is decreasing
ε0 (A / 2) Kε0 A 2 C
+ = Therefore U should increase.
d/2 d/2 d
d–d/2–d/2+ +
K2 K3
Sol 8: (A, C, D) Battery is revoved. Therefore, charge
K1K 3 K 2K 3
Solving this equation, we get K = + stored in the plates will remain constant
K1 + K 3 K 2 + K3
ε0 A
Q =CV = V
Sol 4: (C) DU = decrease in potential energy = Ui – Uf d
2 Q = constant.
1 1 V + V2
= C( V12 + V22 ) – (2C) 1 Now, dielectric slab is inserted. Therefore, C will
2 2 2 increase. New capacity will be
1 ε0KA
= C(V1 – V2)2 C’ = KC =
4 d
Q V
Sol 5: (D) q1 = C1V = 2V = q V’ = =
C' K
This charge will remain constant after switch is shifted V' V
from position 1 to position 2. And new electric field E = =
d K.d
1 q2 q2 q2 Potential energy stored in the capacitor,
Ui = = =
2 Ci 2×2 4 1 ε AV 2
1 q2 q2 q2 Initially, Ui = 2 CV2 = 0
Uf = = = 2d
2 Cf 2 × 10 20 2
1 1 Kε A V ε0 AV 2
q2 Finally, Uf = C’V’2 = 0 =
∴ Energy dissipated = Ui – Uf = 2 2 d K 2Kd
5
q2 Work done on the system will be
This energy dissipated = is 80% of the initial
5
q2
ε0 AV 2 1
stored energy = |DU| = 1–
4 2d K
Sol 6: (A, D) When dielectric slab is introduced capacity Sol 9: (B, C) The magnitude and direction of electric field
gets increased while potential difference remains at different points are shown in figure. The direction of
unchanged. the electric field remains the same. Hence, option (b) is
correct. Similarly, electric lines always flow from higher
P hysi cs | 19.105
V0
x Sol 12: (A, C) It must have any K.E. at B to reach A
O d 2d 3d
Since
OA||BC and (Slope)OA > (Slope)AB UA – UB = -e (VA – VB) = +4eV
Because E0–d = E2d–3d (K.E.)f – (k.E.)i = UB – UA = -4eV
And E0–d > Ed–2d
Sol 13: (A)
Sol 10: (A, B, C) + -
+ -
+ -
PQ n P -Q/4 + -
+
+ - -
+ -
d + -
Potential at P is zero +
+ -
-
If (d>x)
By symmetry potential due to negative part =(potential
kQ kQ due to particle part). (Also every small charge is
⇒ - = 0 ⇒ d = 4d – 4x
d 4(d − x) equidistant from axis)
Direction of field is perpendicular to axis and towards (It is independent of presence of conductor because
negative side induced charges provides zero potential at center)
There will be a torque when placed in uniform field Potential B = Potential at C
(Since electric field inside conduction is zero)
Sol 14: (A, D) Electric field due to dipole exists inside
⇒ V = constant
sphere only a circle on the sphere has zero potential
which is equidistant from poles of dipole ∴ Potential at B due induced charges
= Potential at B – potential at B due to q
kq kq −kqR
- = - =
+ qenclosed =0 4 π ∈0 (d + R) 4 π ∈0 d 4 π ∈0 (R + d)d
Electric flux = 0
Sol 17: (B) Let the distribution of charges be
Zero potential
Sol 15: (B, C) (1) (2) (3) (4)
+q y x Q-x -Q+x y
r+ F
r -x -Q+x Q-x
Q 2
r+ d 2d d
-q
2F. 2
FR = (= 2F sin θ) =
2
a + 2
r + 2
2 Since the potential difference between plates (1) and
(4) is zero.
kQ kQ(P)
2 .q = − x.d Q − x(2d) (Q − x)d
r + 2
(r + 2 )3/2
2 ⇒ + + =0
A ∈0 A ∈0 A ∈0
1 pQ 3Q
⇒ FR = . 3 (r >> ) ⇒x= ∴ Option B
4π ε0 r 4
F.r ⇒ Charge on right side of plate 3 = Q – x = Q/4
Torque on dipole = (2 )
(r + 2 )1/2
2
= (=2 F cos q ) Sol 18: (B) Also Charge is conserved on plate 1 and 4
r.(2 ) l Q ⇒ y + (-x) + Q – x + y = 0 + 0
⇒T= . .q
4 π ε0 r +
2 2 1/2 2 2 Q
(r + ) ⇒y= ∴ Option B
4
1 pQ Q
⇒T= (r >> ) ∴ Charge on right side of plate 4 =
4π ε0 r 2 2
q R B R C
Sol 20: (B) Obviously, both statements are correct. But,
Statement-II is not a correct explanation of statement-I.
kq
Potential at center of sphee =
4 π ∈0 (d + R) Sol 21: Refer theory on Superposition of electric field &
Ampere’s Loop Law.
P hysi cs | 19.107
+q -q
Sol 24: (A, C, D) Q – remains constant.
2kq
∈0 A k ∈0 A E=
2 E=
3
C changes from to L2
d d 4kq
Hence, other variable also change. E1 =
L2
Sol 25: (B, C) Eall = E1 + E2 + E3
-Q 6kq 1 q
+Q = 6×
= 6K (Along OD)
=
L2 4 π ε0 L2
Vat O = 0
(B) is correct as the direction of field remain the same. Assume C0 be the capacitance without dielectric for
whole capacitor.
(C) As we are going in the opposite direction of electric
C0 2C0
field, potential would rise. k + C
=
3 3
C 2+k
Sol 26: (C, D) Using Gauss’s Law =
C1 k
qin
Net =Flux ∫= E.ds
∈0 Q1 k
= .
It electric field is same at all the points of a surface, it is Q2 2
knows as equipotential surface.
+80
-80
80
q2 =
2
x 80 = 32 q1 = 3 x 80 = 48
5 5
+32 +48
-32 -48
S
4 ε0
C10
= = 2 4 ε0 S
d/2 d
2 ε0 S ε0 S
=C20 = , C30
d d
1 1 1 d 1
= + = 1 +
C'10 C10 C10 2 ε0S 2
4 ε0 S
⇒ C'10 =
3d
7 ε0 S
C2 =C30 + C'10 =
3d
C2 7
=
C1 3
C10 C20
C30