Welding Problems
Welding Problems
Welding Problems
BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
GIVEN :
MC150X17.9
Ag = 2260mm2
x(bar) = 17.8mm
A572
Ag = 230 x 9.5
A36
REQUIRED:
SOLUTION:
A. LRFD
ᴓRn=1.273 KN/mm
BASE METAL SHEAR STRENGTH OF THE PLATE
YIELDING:
ᴓRn=ᴓ0.6Fyt
ᴓRn=1(0.6)(250)(9.5)
ᴓRn=1.425 KN/mm > 1.273KN/mm
RUPTURE:
ᴓRn=ᴓ0.6Fut
ᴓRn=0.75(0.6)(400)(9.5)
ᴓRn=1.710 KN/mm > 1.273KN/mm
BASE METAL SHEAR STRENGTH OF THE TENSION MEMBERS
YIELDING:
ᴓRn=ᴓ0.6Fyt
ᴓRn=1(0.6)(345)(7.9)
ᴓRn=1.635 KN/mm > 1.273KN/mm
RUPTURE:
ᴓRn=ᴓ0.6Fut
ᴓRn=0.75(0.6)(450)(7.9)
ᴓRn=1.6 KN/mm > 1.273KN/mm
AT WELD: ᴓRn= 1.273 KN/mm
1.) TRANSVERSE & LONGITUDINAL
ᴓRn= 1.273(230 + 230 +152)
ᴓRn= 778.83 KN
2.)LONGITUDINAL & TRANSVERS (85%;50%)
ᴓRn= 0.85(1.273)(230 + 230 ) + 0.50(152)
ᴓRn= 787.74 KN-----ADOPT
P=130.58 + 326.44
P= 457 KN
B. ASD
TENSION MEMBER GROSS SECTION STRENGTH
Pn/Ω=(FyAg)/Ω
Pn/Ω=(345x2260)/1.67
Pn/Ω=466.89 KN
TENSION MEMBER GROSS SECTION STRENGTH
Pn/Ω=(FuAe)/Ω
Ae=Ag
Pn/Ω=(450x2260)/2
Pn/Ω=508.5 KN
WELD: Rn/Ω= 0.5(0.6)(0.707)(WlFw)
Rn/Ω= 0.5(0.6)(0.707)(5)(480)
Rn/Ω= 0.509 KN/mm
1.) TRANSVERSE & LONGITUDINAL
Rn/Ω=0.509(230 + 230 +152)
Rn/Ω=311.51 KN
2.) LONGITUDINAL & TRANSVERS (85%;50%)
Rn/Ω= 0.85(0.509)(230 + 230 ) + 0.509(1.5)(152)
Rn/Ω= 315.10 KN----->ADOPT
GIVEN :
PL12.7x200mm
Ag = 12.7 x 200mm
A992
Ag = 200 x 9.5
A36
REQUIRED:
Weld Design
SOLUTION:
A. LRFD
TENSION MEMBER GROSS SECTION STRENGTH
Pn=FyAg
Pn= 250(12.7)(200)
Pn= 571.5 KN
ᴓPn= 0.9(571.5)
ᴓPn= 514.35 KN
NET SECTION STRENGTH
U=1
Ae=AgU
Pn=FuAe=(12.7)(200)(400)
Pn=1016 KN
ᴓPn=0.75(1016)
ᴓPn=762 KN
JOHN DIETHER A. BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
Ftr ; t=9.5 mm
min. t of W = 4.75 mm
max. t OF W = 9.5-0.5(4.75) = 7.125 mm
try: 5 mm E48 weld (fillet)
DESIGN STRENGTH PER mm OF WELD:
Rn=0.707WlFw
Rn=0.707(5)(480)
Rn=1.697 KN/mm
ᴓRn= 0.75(1.697)
ᴓRn= 1.273 KN/mm
BASE METAL SHEAR STRENGTH OF THE TENSION MEMBERS
YIELDING:
ᴓRn=ᴓ0.6Fyt
ᴓRn=1(0.6)(345)(9.5)
ᴓRn=1.967 KN/mm > 1.273KN/mm
BASE METAL SHEAR STRENGTH OF THE TENSION MEMBERS
RUPTURE:
ᴓRn=ᴓ0.6Fut
ᴓRn=0.75(0.6)(450)(9.5)
ᴓRn=1.924KN/mm > 1.273KN/mm
UPPER LIMIT
Rn=0.6FuAnv + 1.0FuAnt
Rn=0.6(345)(1900) + 1.0(450)(1900)
Rn=1248.3 KN------ADOPT
ᴓRn= 0.75(1248.3)
ᴓRn= 936.23 KN > 514.35 KN OK…..
B. Illustration
JOHN DIETHER A. BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
This common method of welding was invented in the year 1802 and involves the use of a
consumable electrode that has a flux-coated core wire that gives electric current. When in contact with
the metal being welded an electric arc is created at the gap generating high temperatures of up
to 6500o F. This heat melts the electrode and the metal thus creating a weld. This welding method is
beneficial in that it does not require shielding gas and is effective on rusty metals. However, thin metals
can complicate the process, necessitating the presence of a skilled and experienced operator.
Arc welding is best used on heavy metals of size 4mm and above and is used in repairing heavy equipment,
steel erection, and pipeline welding as well as in the manufacturing and construction industry.
JOHN DIETHER A. BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
This common type of welding was perfected in the 1960s. MIG welding uses a gun that is
continuously fed with a consumable electrode. The process uses an external gas to shield the welded
metal from environmental factors like oxygen making it continuous and quick. This method is easy to
learn, produces less welding fumes, has high electrode efficiency and requires less heat input. However,
the equipment is costly, the process does not work effectively on thick materials and it requires an
external shielding gas.
MIG welding works well with a variety of alloys like stainless steel, aluminum, silicon bronze, magnesium,
copper and nickel. It is used in automotive repairs, construction, plumbing, robotics, fabrication and
maritime repairs.
This welding method, released in the year 1941, is a difficult and time-consuming welding process
that requires a high level of skill and focus. An autogenous weld can be created by melting two pieces of
metal together without filler metal. TIG produces high quality and spatter free welds of various alloys that
can be very thin. However, it requires a highly skilled operator and external shielding gas and does not
work on rusty or dirty materials.
TIG welding is best used in aerospace welding, vehicle, motorcycle and bike manufacturing, tubing and in
high precision welds.
This method of welding is similar to SMAW except that it uses tubular wire-filled flux in place of a
solid wire. It can be self-shielded or dual shielded with an additional external gas. It is used in welding
thick materials, heavy equipment repair, and construction as well as in steel erection.
Welding processes have highly evolved in recent years giving rise to a variety of new and innovative
methods. As such, it is necessary that you understand these techniques so that you know which one is
right for your job. This will largely dictate who you will want to hire to complete it. Every method of
welding has distinct advantages and disadvantages, and you will want to take the time to consider which
process will be optimal for your application. No matter what welding method is right for your
project Swanton Welding can aid you today.
B. Sketch the basic welding symbols.
JOHN DIETHER A. BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN