Accident alert and vehicle tracking system

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted for the course: Technical Answer for Real World Problems (ECE3999)

By

16BEC0193 D. RAVI
16BEC0018 V. MANISH KUMAR
16BEC0502 MONIK
16BEC0037 VAMSHI
16BEC0449 ROHAN ABHISHIKTH
16BEC0322 HARSHA VINUKONDA
16BEC0522 RAMA RAO

Guided by: Dr LOKANATH M

November, 2019
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled ACCIDENT ALERT AND
VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM that is being submitted by D. Ravi, V. Manish
Kumar, Vamshi, Monik, Rohan Abhishikth, Harsha Vinukonda, Ramarao for
Technical Answer for Real World Problems (ECE3999)is a record of bona fide
work done under my supervision. The contents of this Project work, in full or in
parts, have neither been taken from any other source nor have been submitted for
any other CAL course.

Place: Vellore
Date: November
2019

Signature of the Faculty:

LOKANATH
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The student is free to acknowledge all those he feels he should acknowledge on the
basis of the guidance and help provided during the implementation of the project.
If the student has conducted his project elsewhere (viz. outside VIT) appropriate
acknowledgement should be given to all concerned. It is customary to
acknowledge the University Management / respective School Dean for giving the
candidate an opportunity to carry out his /her studies at the University.
 Abstract:
Now a day's people feel insecure due to increase in the crime rate and
accidents. Technology can be used at a greater scale to reduce these and with
this inspiration we are proposing a system that can provide instant help in a
better and faster way. The most common applications we have are panic
alarm/ danger alert, requiring user to take actions to keep themselves safe.
Practitioners saw some value of information and evidence gathering
functions but, had safety concerns relating to their use by domestic violence
victims still living with the perpetrator. The proposed system is using GPS
which will take the location of the user from Google map. The main concept
would be sending a voice message and a message template to the selected
contacts and emergency numbers when in danger. Enhancement from the
earlier systems we are providing user tracking when he/she is in a position
that he cannot alert others. An important aspect of human life in accidents is
the tracking of vehicle. In this paper, we present the design and
implementation of a robust and computationally lightweight algorithm for a
real-time system, capable of detecting and tracking vehicle. The proposed
accident detection algorithm receives inputs from the vehicle, and from the
motion sensor, namely the accelerometer. A phone is used as human machine
interface.

Introduction:

Annually, road crashes result in almost 120,000 fatalities and 2.4 million
injuries in the European Region. Road traffic injuries represent the leading
cause of death among adolescents and young adults. Although, many potential
preventive strategies exist, they are not completely effective. Hence, it is
desirable to take up the challenge and reduce the burden of road traffic injuries.
The basic approach consists in using advanced technologies that can prevent
vehicles from being involved in accidents. Clearly, the effectiveness of such
safety related application is based on the reliability of the broadcast information.

Alert messaging is a building block component of intelligent transportation

systems and an emergent application for communications. Vehicles can
communicate with emergency services, without needing the intervention of any
external communication infrastructure. However, to effectively broadcast an
alert message from a vehicle involved in an accident to all the following
vehicles in the car platoon, the transmission of the message should be done as
quickly as possible.
Current approaches are generally based on intermediate neighboring nodes,
since the transmission of the alert message through infrastructures on the road
would add delays that could have fatal consequences on life loss, injuries, and
vehicle damages. For this purpose, different alert messaging applications have
been proposed to broadcast an alert message very fast. However, it is crucial for
such data exchange to be resilient to security attacks in order not to lose its
potential effectiveness in saving lives. Attackers might run malicious actions to
inject false information or alarm, thus rendering ineffective the safety
applications. Although many alert message applications have been thoroughly
studied in the past years, most of the obtained results did not take the security
threats into account. Instead, the benefits in terms of reduced number of
vehicles involved in a chain accident, thanks to a properly working alert
message broadcast.

Need for the project

Vehicle Tracking Features

It is mainly benefit for the companies which are based on transport system.
Since it can show the position of all vehicles in real time, so that they can create
the expected data accordingly. These tracking system can store the whole data
where the vehicle had gone, where did it stop, how much time it take at every
stop and can create whole data analysis. It is also used in buses and trains, to
estimate how far are they, how much time it takes for them to come to a
particular stop. These systems are used to data capture, data storage, data
analysis and finally data transfer.

Accident Alert System Features

This system is based on new technology, its main purpose is to detect an
accident and alert to the control room, so the victim can find some help. It can
detect accidents the intensity of the accident without any visual contact from
control room. If this system is inserted in every vehicle, then it is easy to
understand how many vehicles are involved in a particular accident and how
intense is it. So that the help from control room will be according to the control
room. The present board designed has both vehicle tracking and accident alert
systems, which make it more valuable and useful. This board alerts us from
theft and on accident detection also. This device detects

Usage of traffic in India.

Tracking in India is mainly used by transport systems, taxi companies, traffic
operators. Taxi operators use this to estimate how far the vehicle is from a
particular area and send this information to call centers and they can inform
general public about the distance of the taxi location and time it takes tom come
to them. Another use is for traffic police if this system is located in every
vehicle they can estimate the traffic by looking on the map and if any accident
is detected then they can route the traffic in to another way. This is how tracking
is useful because India is one of busy traffic countries and this system can
control many of the traffic problems.

Objective
A. Concept and Overview

This vehicle tracking system takes input from GPS and send it through the GSM
module to desired mobile/laptop using mobile communication. Vehicle
Tracking System is one of the biggest technological advancements to track the
activities of the vehicle. The security system uses Global Positioning System
GPS, to find the location of the monitored or tracked vehicle and then uses
satellite or radio systems to send to send the coordinates and the location data to
the monitoring center. At monitoring center various software’s are used to plot
the Vehicle on a map. In this way the Vehicle owners are able to track their
vehicle on a real-time basis. Due to real-time tracking facility, vehicle tracking
systems are becoming increasingly popular among owners of expensive
vehicles.

B. Units

a. There won’t be any unit for GPS module generated data and units are
never mentioned.
b. All the values obtained from accelerometer are based on the
calculations with reference to “3g”, where g = 9.8 m/s.

C. Hardware
For designing this hardware many types of devices are used to make it perfectly
working. All the devices are purchased from different manufacturers. These
components are soldered on a soldering board. The following list of hardware
are required for this system.
a. GSM
b. GPS
c. ACCELEROMETER
d. ARDUINO UNO
e. LCD DISPLAY
f. POWER SUPPLY

D. Block Diagram

This is the block diagram of vehicle tracking and accident alert system. This
shows the overall view of the vehicle tracking and accident alert system circuit.
The blocks connected here are LCD display, GPS, GSM, Accelerometer.
E. Problems with Existing System

a. If the text said by the user doesn't match with the text stored in the
database, then the GPS will not be activated.
b. The existing system uses a loud ring concept which intimates that the
message has been sent.
c. Existing systems provide limited number of contacts ranging from 2–
5.
d. These systems don't send the user profile.
Components:

1 Arduino uno

It is an open source microcontroller board based on the microchip ATmega328P

microcontroller and developed by arduino. The board is equipped with sets of
14 digital and 6 analog input/output pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards and other circuits. The CPU used in this is microchip AVR.

2 GPS

GPS abbreviates global positioning system and this is used to detect the latitude
and longitude of the particular position and it also shows the exact time. It
detects these values anywhere on the earth. In our project it plays main role and
it is the main source of the latitude and longitude of the vehicle to know the
accident occurred location, or even for theft tracking of the vehicle. This gadget
gets the coordinates from the satellite for each and every second. This device is
the main component of vehicle tracking project.

3 GSM

GSM abbreviates global system for mobile communication, this is a second

generation (2G) mobile network. This is widely used in all over the world for
mobile communication. This GSM device consists of sim slot in which a sim
can be inserted which has a unique number, this unique number is used for
contact. This GSM device consists a unique number called imei number and this
is different for each and every hardware kit. In our project the device is used for
transmitting data. The data from GPS is transmitted to given mobile through
this GSM itself.

4 Liquid crystal display

LCD is the display device which is of 16x2 size and it has yellow background
light. This LCD is connected to microcontroller. The following is the
interfacing diagram of LCD with microcontroller AT89S52. To enable terminal
latch of LCD high to low pulse is sent and RS bit is enabled. Once the latch is
enabled the data is transferred through the interfacing pins parallel and the LCD
shows the display on it. These LCD are easy to program and they are
economical too. LCD interfacing with microcontroller is very easy. Here in our
vehicle tracking project LCD displays the output i.e. latitude and longitude of
the vehicle. The following figure shows the LCD display of latitude and
longitude.
 LITERATURE STUDY

There are certain systems which are present in the current scenario which
provides a first step towards accident reporting system which we a have studied.
The increasing technology and infrastructure has made our lives simpler. The
start of technology has also augmented the traffic hazards and the road accidents
take place regularly which causes enormous loss of life property and wealth just
because of the poor emergency services. This project will provide a finest
resolution to the problem. This project presents vehicle accident detection and
alert system. The GPS tracking and GSM alert based model is designed. The
proposed Vehicle accident recognition method can track geographical
information and the coordinates automatically and sends an alert SMS regarding
accident to the nearest hospitals and to the families of the victims. This alert is
sent to the central emergency mail server so that it will notify the ambulances
nearest to the accident location in short period of time which will help to save the
valuable lives every time. The alert notification is sent directly via GSM Module
and the exact location is tracked by the GPS system and forwarded to the system.
The accidents can be detected accurately with the help of accelerometer. This
proposed idea can be help mainly to the extremely weak areas, weak in
emergency facilities to the road accidents in most easy way if we use the high
potential or high accuracy GPS AND GSM modules.
A Recent study shows that during 2008, Road Traffic accidents ranked fourth
among the leading causes of death in the world. Nearly 1.3 million people die
every year on the world’s roads and 20 to 50 million people suffer nonfatal
injuries, with many sustaining a disability as a result of their injury. These days
most of the incidents occurred on the highways due to huge traffic, rash and bad
driving of drivers. In many cases, the families of the victims the traffic authorities
and the ambulances are not informed in time. This results in a delay in the help
to reach them. If no action is taken to predict says 2 million road accidents will
takes place annually. The focus of this approach is mainly works in real time and
designed to solve the same issue through GPS tracking system and alert about the
happening things around. Road accidents comprise the maximum part of the
accidents.

Reference of our project:

Saurabh S. Sharma1, Shubham Tendulkar2, Samruddhi Kulkarni3, Er.Chandan

Prasad “Accident Alert and Vehicle Tracking Mechanism” International Journal
of Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control
Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 3, March 2017
Understanding the problem

1. A statistic study in France shows that the number of accidents in

highways has increased by 25% in 2015, while the number of accidents
in urban region remains the same.
2. GPS is continuously monitored for acceleration and deceleration for
prediction of accident. But a sudden brake could also be stated as an
accident by the system due to sudden change in speed of car.
3. Use of costly smart phones to pin point the place of accident is possible,
but a dedicated system for such work is beneficial and the smart phone
sensors may have insufficient sampling rates.

METHODOLOGY
Three main components working here are
GPS MODULE
GSM MODULE
ACCELEROMETER

When there is any change the axis of one or more number of axes in
accelerometer, Arduino extracts the data from GPS module.
GPS module continuously sends the NMEA format data.
From GPS data, Arduino extracts a string of data starting with $GPGGA.
Second and fourth data units are latitude and longitude respectively.
They are attached to a link that is predefined and sent through GSM module
to the owner and emergency service.

INNOVATION

 Previously innovations were made in the area of accident detection but

they contained few drawbacks.
 Our proposed model sends coordinates of the location of accident
which could easily be processed at the time of rescue.
 For the purpose of accident detection, sensor is used instead of
processing GPS data or proximity sensors for an accurate prediction on
a collision.
 Accelerometer is used to find the exact coordinates of the vehicle.
 CASE STUDY

 Each additional rescue minute can mean the difference between life
and death as revealed by The Golden hour.
 The victims of the accident may be in an unconscious state, and
cannot be expected to place a call to the emergency services control
room, when an accident happens.
 Hence, an in-vehicle accident detection module can be used.
 Further, in a country like India, where the witnesses are expected to
inform the emergency services control room when an accident
occurs, a lot of delay can happen.
 In India, it takes 30 seconds on an average for the Communications
Officer to collect relevant information, and three minutes for the
Dispatchment Officer to dispatch an ambulance to the location.
 Further, the ambulance driver needs to identify the accident location
based on cues provided by the officer and sail through the heavy
traffic.
 We can exactly pinpoint the location of accident using GPS module.
 GSM works on 2G spectrum which nowadays could be found in rural
areas.
 Micro controllers could coordinate the work effectively.
 This data could be stored in a database for future analysis of
accidents and setting up medical services in high accident zones.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

 GPS module is used to track the location of accident in our project.

 This device receives the coordinates from the satellite for each and
every second, with time and date.

 We extract $GPGGA string in received data to find the Latitude and

Longitude Coordinates.

 GPS module sends the data related to tracking position in real time,
and it sends so many data in NMEA format.

 NMEA format consists several sentences, in which we only need one

sentence.

 This sentence starts from $GPGGA and contains the coordinates, time
and other useful information.
GPS MODULE SAMPLE DATA
$GPGGA,104534.000,7791.0381,N,06727.4434,E,1,08,0.9,510.4,M,43.9,M,,*47
$GPGGA,HHMMSS.SSS,latitude,N,longitude,E,FQ,NOS,HDP,altitude,M,height,
M,,checksum data
GSM MODULE SIM900A

The SIM900 is a complete Quad-band GSM/GPRS Module which can be

embedded easily used by customer or hobbyist.

SIM900 GSM Module provides an industry-standard interface. SIM900

delivers GSM/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900MHz performance for voice,
SMS, Data with low power consumption.
GSM COMMANDS

Extended commands are AT commands that start with "+".

All GSM AT commands are extended commands.

AT+CMGS (Send SMS message)

AT+CMSS (Send SMS message from storage)

AT+CMGL (List SMS messages)

AT+CMGR (Read SMS messages)

Step-1:

Fig-1.1-Getting the position of vehicle

Step-2:

Fig-1.2-Getting GPS ready

Step-3

Fig-1.3-Changing angle of vehicle

Step-4

Fig-1.4-Sending message alert

Step-5

Fig-1.5-Getting the location to given mobile number

SAMPLE LINK
http://maps.google.com/maps?&z=15&mrt=yp&t=k&q=12.972290+79.161521
ACCELEROMETER ADXL335
Code (Arduino)-

#include<SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial Serial1(2,3); //make RX arduino line is pin 2, make TX arduino line is pin 3.

SoftwareSerial gps(10,11);

#include<LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(4,5,6,7,8,9);

#define x A1

#define y A2

#define z A3

int xsample=0;

int ysample=0;

int zsample=0;

#define samples 10

#define minVal -50

#define MaxVal 50

int i=0,k=0;

int gps_status=0;
float latitude=0;

float logitude=0;

String Speed="";

String gpsString="";

char *test="$GPRMC";
void initModule(String cmd, char *res, int t)

while(1)

Serial.println(cmd);

Serial1.println(cmd);

delay(100);

while(Serial1.available()>0)

if(Serial1.find(res))

Serial.println(res);

delay(t);

return;

else

Serial.println("Error");

delay(t);

void setup()
{

Serial1.begin(9600);

Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.begin(16,2);

lcd.print("Accident Alert ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(" System ");

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Initializing");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Please Wait...");

delay(1000);

Serial.println("Initializing....");

initModule("AT","OK",1000);

initModule("ATE1","OK",1000);

initModule("AT+CPIN?","READY",1000);

initModule("AT+CMGF=1","OK",1000);

initModule("AT+CNMI=2,2,0,0,0","OK",1000);

Serial.println("Initialized Successfully");

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Initialized");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Successfully");

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Callibrating ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Accelerometer");
for(int i=0;i<samples;i++)

xsample+=analogRead(x);

ysample+=analogRead(y);

zsample+=analogRead(z);

xsample/=samples;

ysample/=samples;

zsample/=samples;

Serial.println(xsample);

Serial.println(ysample);

Serial.println(zsample);

delay(1000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Waiting For GPS");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(" Signal ");

delay(2000);

gps.begin(9600);

get_gps();

show_coordinate();

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("GPS is Ready");

delay(1000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("System Ready");

Serial.println("System Ready..");
 lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Sending SMS ");

Serial.println("Sending SMS");

//Send();

Serial.println("SMS Sent");

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("System Ready");

void loop()

int value1=analogRead(x);

int value2=analogRead(y);

int value3=analogRead(z);

int xValue=xsample-value1;

int yValue=ysample-value2;

int zValue=zsample-value3;

Serial.print("x=");

Serial.println(xValue);

Serial.print("y=");

Serial.println(yValue);

Serial.print("z=");

Serial.println(zValue);

if(xValue < minVal || xValue > MaxVal || yValue < minVal || yValue > MaxVal || zValue < minVal ||
zValue > MaxVal)

get_gps();

show_coordinate();

lcd.clear();
 lcd.print("Sending SMS ");

Serial.println("Sending SMS");

Send();

Serial.println("SMS Sent");

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("System Ready");

void gpsEvent()

gpsString="";

while(1)

while (gps.available()>0) //Serial incoming data from GPS

char inChar = (char)gps.read();

gpsString+= inChar; //store incoming data from GPS to temparary string str[]

i++;

// Serial.print(inChar);

if (i < 7)

if(gpsString[i-1] != test[i-1]) //check for right string

i=0;

gpsString="";

if(inChar=='\r')
 {

if(i>60)

gps_status=1;

break;

else

i=0;

if(gps_status)

break;

/*{

Serial.println(gpsString);

}*/

delay(10);

void get_gps()

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Getting GPS Data");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Please Wait.....");

gps_status=0;

int x=0;
 while(gps_status==0)

gpsEvent();

int str_lenth=i;

coordinate2dec();

i=0;x=0;

str_lenth=0;

delay(10);

void show_coordinate()

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Lat:");

lcd.print(latitude);

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Log:");

lcd.print(logitude);

Serial.print("Latitude:");

Serial.println(latitude);

Serial.print("Longitude:");

Serial.println(logitude);

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

void coordinate2dec()

{
 String lat_degree="";

for(i=20;i<=21;i++)

lat_degree+=gpsString[i];

String lat_minut="";

for(i=22;i<=28;i++)

lat_minut+=gpsString[i];

String log_degree="";

for(i=32;i<=34;i++)

log_degree+=gpsString[i];

String log_minut="";

for(i=35;i<=41;i++)

log_minut+=gpsString[i];

Speed="";

for(i=45;i<48;i++) //extract longitude from string

Speed+=gpsString[i];

float minut= lat_minut.toFloat();

minut=minut/60;

float degree=lat_degree.toFloat();

latitude=degree+minut;

minut= log_minut.toFloat();

minut=minut/60;

degree=log_degree.toFloat();

logitude=degree+minut;

}void Send()

{
Serial1.println("AT");

delay(500);

serialPrint();

Serial1.println("AT+CMGF=1");

delay(500);

serialPrint();

Serial1.print("AT+CMGS=");

Serial1.print('"');

Serial1.print("9494541185"); //mobile no. for SMS alert

Serial1.println('"');

delay(500);

serialPrint();

Serial1.print("Latitude:");

Serial1.println(latitude);

delay(500);

serialPrint();

Serial1.print(" longitude:");

Serial1.println(logitude);

delay(500);

serialPrint();

delay(500);

serialPrint();

Serial1.print("http://maps.google.com/maps?&z=15&mrt=yp&t=k&q=");

Serial1.print(latitude,6);

Serial1.print("+");

Serial1.print(logitude,6);

Serial1.write(26);

delay(2000);

serialPrint();
}

void serialPrint()

while(Serial1.available()>0)

Serial.print(Serial1.read());

References
1. J. White, C. Thompson, H. Turner, B. Dougherty, D. C. Schmidt,
"Wreckwatch: Automatic traffic accident detection and notification with
smartphones", Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 285-
303, 2011.
2. C. Thompson, J. White, B. Dougherty, A. Albright, D. C. Schmidt, "Using
smartphones to detect car accidents and provide situational awareness to
emergency responders", Proc. of International Conference on Mobile
Wireless Middleware Operating Systems and Applications, pp. 29-42, 2010.
3. M. S. Amin, J. Jalil, M. Reaz, "Accident detection and reporting
system using GPS GPRS and GSM technology", Proc. IEEE
International Conference on Informatics Electronics & Vision (ICIEV),
pp. 640-643, 2012.
4. S. Hari Shankar, K. Jayadev, B. Suraj, P. Aparna, “A comprehensive
solution to road traffic accident detection and ambulance management”,
Advances in Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering
(ICAEES) 2017.

5. Saurabh S. Sharma1, Shubham Tendulkar2, Samruddhi Kulkarni3,

Er.Chandan Prasad “Accident Alert and Vehicle Tracking Mechanism”
International Journal of Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics,
Instrumentation and Control Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 3, March 2017.