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SNOW CRYSTALS, W. A. Bentley and W. J. Humphreys. (0-486-20287-9)
BESLER’S BOOK OF FLOWERS AND PLANTS: 73 FULL-COLOR PLATES FROM HORTUS
EYSTETTENSIS, 1613, Basilius Besler. (0-486-46005-3)
PLANTS AND FLOWERS: 1761 ILLUSTRATIONS FOR ARTISTS AND DESIGNERS, Edited by
Alan E. Bessette and William K. Chapman. (0-486-26957-4)
ART FORMS IN THE PLANT WORLD: 120 FULL-PAGE PHOTOGRAPHS, Karl Blossfeldt. (0-
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NATURAL ART FORMS, Karl Blossfeldt. (0-486-40003-4)
101 DOG ILLUSTRATIONS: A PICTORIAL ARCHIVE OF CHAMPIONSHIP BREEDS, Gladys
Emerson Cook. (0-486-45438-X)
ART NOUVEAU STENCIL DESIGNS, A. Desaint. (0-486-45426-6)
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SHOES, HATS AND FASHION ACCESSORIES: A PICTORIAL ARCHIVE, 1850-1940, Edited by
Carol Belanger Grafton. (0-486-40103-0)
ART FORMS IN NATURE, Ernst Haeckel. (0-486-22987-4)
ANIMALS: 1,419 COPYRIGHT-FREE ILLUSTRATIONS OF MAMMALS, BIRDS, FISH,
INSECTS, ETC., Selected by Jim Harter. (0-486-23766-4)
PLANTS: 2,400 COPYRIGHT-FREE ILLUSTRATIONS OF FLOWERS, TREES, FRUITS AND
VEGETABLES, Edited by Jim Harter. (0-486-40264-9)
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THOMAS NAST’S CHRISTMAS DRAWINGS, Thomas Nast. (0-486-23660-9)
FRENCH DECORATIVE DESIGNS, P. Planat. (0-486-45228-X)
2,286 TRADITIONAL STENCIL DESIGNS, H. Roessing. (0-486-26845-4)
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Copyright© 1974 by Dover Publications, Inc.
All right reserved.

Art Forms in Nature, first published by Dover Publications, Inc., in 1974, contains all the plates from
Kunstformen der Natur, originally published by the Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Leipzig
and Vienna, in 1904. The text of the original (in German) has been replaced here by a new
Publisher’s Note and brief captions.

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Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 73-87238

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Table of Contents

DOVER PICTORIAL ARCHIVE SERIES

Title Page
Copyright Page
PUBLISHER’S NOTE
THE PLATES
PUBLISHER’S NOTE

The noted German biologist and philosopher Ernst Heinrich Haeckel (1834–1919) was keenly aware
of the beauty of natural forms. Throughout his career he made careful drawings of the organisms he
studied. He was particularly proud of the discoveries of deep-sea and microscopic life that had been
made possible by the improved scientific apparatus of the nineteenth century. One of his special fields
of interest was the group of one-celled marine animals called radiolarians, with their incredibly
varied and fascinating shapes.
Desirous of acquainting the general public with the beauty of rare animals and plants whose
appearance was familiar only to specialists, Haeckel published ten portfolios of ten plates each
between 1899 and 1904 under the title Kunstformen der Natur. In 1904 all one hundred plates were
brought out together in the form of a book. Haeckel’s original drawings were given their artistic finish
for publication by Adolf Giltsch, who was also responsible for the lithographic reproduction.
In view of the changes in scientific nomenclature and the near-impossibility of providing an up-to-
date identification of each species depicted in the book, it seemed bestto omit Haeckel’s lengthy text.
Instead, one brief caption has been supplied for each plate, offering a general identification of the
group of organisms illustrated. These captions reflect current practice in classifying and naming the
animals and plants.
THE PLATES

1. Various species of Radiolaria (a type of marine Protozoa).

2. Various species of Foraminifera (a type of marine Protozoa).
3. Various species of Ciliata (a class of Protozoa).
4. Various species of diatoms (a type of unicellular plant).
5. Various species of calcareous sponges.
6. Various species of Tubulariidae (animals in the same biological class as hydras).
7. Various species of Siphonophora (in the same class as hydras).
8. Various species of Semaeostomeae (the most familiar order of jellyfishes).
9. Various species of star corals.
10. Various types of starfishes.
11. Various species of Radiolaria (a type of marine Protozoa).
12. Various species of Protozoa related to the Foraminifera.
13. Various species of flagellates (a class of Protozoa).
14. Various species of Dinoflagellata (an order of the class of flagellates, formerly considered to
be unicellular plants).
15. Various species of brown seaweed (algae).
16. Various species of Narcomedusae (in the same class as hydras).
17. Various species of Siphonophora (in the same class as hydras).
18. Various species of jellyfishes.
19. Various species of Pennatulacea (sea pens, a type of soft coral).
20. Various species of sea-lilies (animals related to starfishes and sea-urchins).
21. Various species of Radiolaria (a type of marine Protozoa).
22. Various species of Radiolaria (a type of marine Protozoa).
23. Various species of moss animals (marine animals living in colonies).
24. Various species of Desmidiaceae (a type of unicellular algae).
25. Various species of Sertulariidae (a family of hydroid polyps).
26. Various species of Trachymedusae (related to hydras).
27. Various species of Cydippida (an order of comb jellies).
28. Various species of Rhizostomeae (an order of jellyfishes).
29. Various species of star corals.
30. Various species of sea-urchins.
31. Various species of Radiolaria (a type of marine Protozoa).
32. Various species of rotifers (a class of animals related to roundworms).
33. Various species of moss animals (marine animals living in colonies).
34. Various species of Hydrodictyaceae (colonial algae).
35. Various species of glass sponges.
36. Various types of leptomedusae (related to hydras).
37. A species of Siphonophora (in the same class as hydras).
38. Various species of Periphylla (a genus of jellyfishes).
39. Various species of horny corals.
40. Various species of starfishes.
41. Various species of Radiolaria (a type of marine Protozoa).
42. Various species of trunkfishes.
43. Various species of true sea slugs (Nudibranchia).
44. Shells of various ammonites (extinct cephalopods).
45. Various species of Campanulariidae (a family of hydroid polyps).
46. Various types of anthomedusae (hydroids).
47. Horseshoe crabs (center) and various species of their extinct ancestors (trilobites).
48. Various species of stalked jellyfishes.
49. Various species of sea anemones (animals related to corals).
50. Various species of sea-cucumbers (related to sea-urchins and starfishes).
51. Various species of Radiolaria (a type of marine Protozoa).
52. Various species of Polypodiaceae (a family of ferns).
53. Various species of marine snails of the subclass Prosobranchia.
54. Various species of octopuses.
55. Various species of bivalves of the subclass Lamellibranchia.
56. Various species of crustaceans of the subclass Copepoda.
57. Various species of Cirripedia (barnacles and allies). The crab in the center is harboring a
parasitic species of this subclass.
58. Various species of plume moths and of moths of the family Tinaeidae.
59. A species of Siphonophora (in the same class as hydras).
60. Various species of sea-urchins.
61. Various species of Radiolaria (a type ot marine Protozoa).
62. A Malaysian pitcher plant of the genus Nepenthes.
63. Various species of fungi of the class Basidiomycetes.
64. Various species of algae of the order Siphonales.
65. Various species of red algae (Rhodophyceae).
66. Various species of spiders and ticks.
67. Various species of bats.
68. Various species of frogs, including tree frogs.
69. Various species of star corals.
70. Various species of Gorgon-headed starfishes.
71. Various species of Radiolaria (a type of marine Protozoa).
72. Various species of mosses.
73. Various species of fungi of the class Ascomycetes.
74. Various species of orchids.
75. Various species of flukes and tapeworms.
76. Various species of crustaceans.
77. Various species of Siphonophora (in the same class as hydras).
78. Various species of sea wasps (an order of jellyfishes).
79. Various species of tropical lizards, including chameleon, gecko and collared lizard.
80. Various species of Blastoidea, extinct relatives of starfishes.
81. Various species of Foraminifera (a type of marine Protozoa).
82. Various species of liverworts (related to mosses).
83. Various species of lichens.
84. Various species of diatoms (a type of unicellular plant).
85. Various species of sea-squirts (a class of marine chordate animals).
86. Various species of crabs and crayfishes.
87. Two types of seahorse, a dragonfish and a frogfish, with a variety of fish scales.
88. Various species of Rhizostomeae (an order of jellyfishes).
89. Various species of turtles and tortoises.
90. Various species of Cystoidea, extinct allies of the starfishes.
91. Various species of Radiolaria (a type of marine Protozoa).
92. Tree ferns.
93. Various species of slime molds, considered by some to be plants (class Myxomycetes), by
others to be animals (Mycetozoa).
94. The fruit of various species of conifers.
95. Various species of extinct allies of the starfishes, and larvae of several extant related species.
96. Various species of Polychaeta (a class of marine segmented worms).
97. Various species of lamp-shells (phylum Brachiopoda).
98. Various species of Semaeostomeae (an order of jellyfishes).
99. Various species of hummingbirds.
100. Various species of antelopes.