Pe Reviewer
Pe Reviewer
Pe Reviewer
EDUCATION
is defines as the quality of physical-well
being that is characterized by a person’s ability to perform,
specific, tasks effectively with ease and efficiency
Minor sprains and strains can be treated at home using the following measures. Start treatment as
soon as possible to reduce swelling and speed up recovery. The less swelling, the more blood can
get to the injured part to start the repair process.
For fractures
Apply the R.I.C.E method.
Keep the limb in the position you found it and place soft padding around the broken bones.
Splint the injury with something rigid, such as rolled up newspaper or magazines, to prevent
the bones from shifting. Don't move the broken bones. Splints must be long enough to extend
beyond joints above and below the fracture.
If there is an open fracture, cover it with a clean gauze pad. Apply pressure to control bleeding.
Don't try to push the bone back into the wound and don't attempt to clean it.
Get medical attention immediately. Fractures of the femur and pelvis may cause severe
internal bleeding.
Don't give the person anything to eat or drink in case surgery is needed.
Prevention
Many exercise-induced injuries can be prevented. Don't be a "weekend warrior". Get yourself into
shape gradually with a graded exercise programme. Listen to your body. Warm up properly and
cool off after exercising. Use proper equipment and the correct technique.
Use common sense to prevent injury in everyday life. Don't carry heavy objects. Watch where you
step. Keep your home safe.
To prevent falls, older adults should keep their muscles strong by exercising or doing tai chi.
R.I.C.E Method
Rest the injured part, especially for the first 24 to 48 hours after the injury – this is the most critical
time of treatment. Avoid any activity that causes pain or makes it worse. Use crutches if the leg,
foot or ankle is injured. Support an injured wrist, arm or shoulder with a sling. Tape an injured toe
or finger to its healthy neighbour.
Ice is an excellent anti-inflammatory and reduces swelling and pain. Apply an ice pack or cold
compress for 10 to 15 minutes as soon as possible after an injury. Repeat each hour for the first 3
or 4 hours, then 4 times a day for the next 2 to 3 days. Protect your skin with a thin cloth. If ice
packs are not available, a packet of frozen vegetables in a cloth will do.
Compression also reduces swelling. Use elastic bandages for at least 2 days. Check that the
bandage is snug, but not too tight. Take the bandage off at night.
Elevation drains fluids from injured tissues. Elevate the injured area whenever you are sitting or
lying down. Try to keep the injured area at or above the level of the heart.
Physical Qualities
These qualities refer to the physical attributes of an officiating official. To determine his level of fitness
he or she has to consider the following:
Physical Fitness
As has been defined in preceding modules in Physical Education, physical fitness is the capacity of an
individual to perform his or her daily tasks without undue fatigue and still has extra energy for recreation
and emergencies. Several ways to determine one’s fitness which are basis in improving it include:
Body Mass Index
PMHR and THR (Personal Maximal Heart Rate and Training Heart Rate)
Fitness or Exercise Program
Nutrition and weight management
Emotional Qualities
These qualities refer to the emotional readiness of an officiating official to perform his or her role in a
game. Emotional attributes that an officiating official should possess include confidence.
Mental Qualities
Mental toughness is the term used to refer to all of the qualities pertaining to one’s mental preparations
in officiating a game. To be mentally tough requires one to stay focused, regulate one’s performance,
ability to handle pressure, awareness and control of thoughts and feelings and one’s command and
control of the environment.
Social Qualities
Social qualities refer to the ability to deal with others at any given situation. Complaints are inevitable in
a game.
These values mean that officials should strive for Officials will not……
accuracy and consistency in their officiating 1. Publically disparage athletic organizations
actions, as well being dependable and (e.g., clubs, schools, BC Athletics, Athletics
trustworthy in their work as officials. The latter Canada) or other participants.
implies that officials should accept the
responsibility for their errors that may affect D. Act with Integrity
competitions, and work to increase or sustain
others’ (athletes, coaches, spectators, other Integrity refers to firm adherence to an ethical
officials) trust. code as well as to the absence of impairment or
disability. This implies that officials will (a) not
Officials will…. allow their judgment to be adversely influenced by
1. Arrive in good time for the competition and personal loyalties or personal gain, (b) will adhere
report immediately to the official in charge. whenever possible to the specifics of this ethical
code, and (c) will avoid officiating when their
mental or physical competence may be impaired
Officials will…. F. Show Respect for Participants’ Rights and
1. Recognize when he/she has a conflict of Dignity
interest in an event he/she is officiating and will
take reasonable steps to eliminate such conflicts Officials have the duty to respect individual
(e.g., have a different official start a race in which athletes or other parties at competitions,
his/her own family member or athlete is independent of cultural, ethnic, gender, age, or
performing). other characteristics of the individual that may set
2. Will recognize when his/her personal the other person apart from the official’s own
weaknesses (e.g., personal or family stress, background and sense of familiarity.
proneness to irritability) may interfere with
officiating and will take steps to prevent such Officials will…
interference. 1. Respect the dignity of athletes, other officials
and volunteers, coaches, and spectators.
Officials will not…… 2. Work in a spirit of cooperation with other
1. Act to the advantage of athletes or clubs to officials and not interfere in any way with their
which he/she has a personal connection. responsibilities.
2. Purposefully act against any of the values listed 3. Criticize in a constructive manner, and at an
in this code of conduct. appropriate time, directly to the official concerned.
3. Knowingly officiate in an event when he/she is 4. Understand that some athletes, officials, or
intoxicated on any substance. volunteers, by reason of their youth, possible
disabilities, or inexperience may require
E. Act with Fairness enhanced instruction or guidance, within the limits
of the no assistance in the competition area rule.
Fairness refers to performing one’s duties in an 5. In such cases of youth, inexperience, or
unbiased manner. This implies that officials will disability, provide instruction in a polite and
act in a manner that does not create advantage considerate manner.
or disadvantage to any athlete or club. 6. Treat athletes with equal respect and dignity
independent of their ethnicity, gender, age,
Officials will…. religion, nationality, or other personal
1. Perform evaluations for other officials, when characteristics unrelated to the athletic event.
requested, in an objective way and without 7. Uphold the BC Athletics Harassment Policy.
friendships or personal differences in mind.
2. Provide the same quality of advice or benefit of Officials will not……
the doubt when dealing with athletes, 1. Harass others (officials, athletes, coaches,
independent of any friendships or other personal etc.). Harassment involves engaging in any
relationships. improper behaviour toward another person that
3. Bear in mind their own possible biases when a one knows or ought to know would be
potential conflict of interest presents itself (e.g., unwelcome. Harassing behaviours can include
one’s own athlete is competing in an event one is written or verbal abuse or threats, unwelcome
officiating). jokes, remarks or taunts.
4. When feasible, turn over their duties to another 2. Use the occasion of a rules infraction as an
similarly qualified official when a conflict of opportunity to publically embarrass or chastise an
interest presents itself and the stakes appear athlete.
high. 3. Use the occasion of an officiating error as an
opportunity to publically embarrass or chastise an
Officials will not…… official.
1. Knowingly, and with available alternatives,
make critical decisions in an event in which they G. Exhibit Professionalism
have a personal stake (e.g., an athlete for whom Professionalism means exhibiting a courteous,
the official is a coach or family member). This conscientious, and generally business-like
recognizes that at times there will be no other manner in the workplace. Applied to athletics
alternative – i.e., only one chief judge or starter officials, it means that officials, as part of their
available for an event in which one’s own athlete volunteer duties, will conform to reasonable
is competing. technical standards of their area of practice as
well as to any ethical standards that govern them.
Officials will…. 1. Allow their own emotional distress (e.g.,
1. Conform to reasonable technical standards of irritability, feelings of time pressure, personal
their area of practice (e.g., starter, track umpire, problems outside the athletic arena) to impact on
throws judge) as well as to any ethical standards their officiating behaviour.
that govern them. 2. Use tobacco products within the competition
2. Be conscientious and business-like (as arena and/or competition area.
opposed to cavalier) in carrying out their duties. 3. Enter the competition area and/or arena under
3. Conduct the event that they are officiating in an the influence of alcohol or other mind-altering
efficient and non-abrasive manner. drugs.
4. Be courteous (not irritable, not dismissive or
insulting) to athletes, coaches, spectators, as well I. Adhere to Legal Standards
as other officials and volunteers.
5. Wear the accepted uniform as outlined by the This means obeying the law (e.g., criminal code
National Officials Committee or by the organizing of Canada, human rights codes, and IAAF or
committee for the individual competition. other rules of competition).
6. Treat complaints, questions, concerns, or
appeals raised by others (e.g., athletes, coaches, Officials will….
spectators, other officials) with consideration and 1. Willingly and promptly consent to a criminal
politeness. records search as required by the sports
7. Act in a manner that will bring credit to the organization.
Athletics community and themselves, both within 2. Report criminal acts to a legal authority
and outside the competition area and/or arena.
Officials will not……
Officials will not…… 1. Provide underage athletes with alcohol
1. Use profane, insulting, harassing or otherwise 2. Provide an athlete with illegal substances.
offensive language in the conduct of their duties. 3. Advocate or condone the use of drugs or other
2. Dismiss appeals, questions, or complaints from banned performance enhancing substances,
athletes, coaches or spectators in a dismissive or classes, or methods.
cavalier manner.
3. Target any other official, athlete, volunteer, J. Protect Vulnerable Persons
coach, or spectator as an object of ridicule,
harassment, or malicious gossip. In our society, we now recognize that some
individuals (e.g., persons with disabilities) are
H. Model Appropriate Health Habits more vulnerable to poor treatment because of
their relative youth, mental or physical disability,
This value presumes that athleticism is part of a or other characteristics that place them at a
generally healthy lifestyle, and that BC Athletics disadvantage. This code of conduct recognizes
and Athletics Canada encourage not only athletic that such individuals may require special
competition, but enhanced health in their attention.
members and in the general public.
Officials will….
Officials will…. 1. Use methods that maximize the understanding
1. Exhibit a polite and relaxed manner when of rules and competition procedures of persons of
conducting their duties. diminished capacity. This may include repetition
2. When stressed or distracted by personal of instructions at the beginning of an event,
issues, seek help from other officials to ensure including the guardian or coach of a vulnerable
the event proceeds smoothly and their own athlete in the instructions, within the limits of
distress does not disrupt the athletic event. competition rules.
3. Seek appropriate professional help if their 2. Be particularly cautious in establishing the
personal or emotional difficulties begin to understanding of rules and procedures with
routinely interfere with their officiating persons of diminished capacity.
performance.
Officials will not……
Officials will not……
1. Discriminate against vulnerable persons
(e.g., Special Olympics athletes) either verbally
or through their actions in a competition area.
2. Disparage or patronize vulnerable persons in
any way.
CLASSIFICATION:
BELOW 18.5 Underweight
18.5 – 24.9 Normal
25 – 29.9 Overweight
30.0 – ABOVE Obese
B. Waist Circumference
Waist circumference is a good predictor of visceral fat which contributes more risk of cardiovascular
disease and diabetes than fat located in other areas of the body.
STRENGTH – refers to the muscle’s ability to generate force against physical objects. In the fitness
world, this typically refers to how much weight you can lift for different strength training exercises.
1. 90 – Degree Push-up
Purpose – to measure strength of upper extremities
2. Curl-ups
Purpose – to measure strength of abdominal muscles
FLEXIBILITY – refers to the ability of the joints to move through a full range of motion.
1. Sit and Reach – a test of flexibility for the lower extremities particularly the hamstring.
Purpose – reach as far as possible without bending the hamstring
2. Zipper Test –a test of upper arm and shoulder girdle flexibility intended to parallel the strength /
endurance assessment of the region.
Purpose – to touch the fingertips together behind the back by reaching over the shoulder and under the
elbow.
CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE – is the ability of the heart, lungs and blood vessels to deliver
oxygen to working muscles and tissues, as well as the ability of those muscles and tissues to utilize that
oxygen. Endurance may also refer to the ability of the muscle to do repeated work without fatigue.
1. 3–Minute Step Test
Purpose- to measure cardiovascular endurance