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    Computer Organization - Instruction Formats (Zero, One, Two and Three Address Instruction) - GeeksforGeeks

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    Dharamvir Saini
    This document discusses different types of instruction formats used in computer organization based on the number of addresses in each instruction: 1) Zero address instructions are used in stack-based computers and do not contain address fields. 2) One address instructions use an accumulator register where one operand is implied to be in the accumulator. 3) Two address instructions specify two addresses allowing the result to be stored in different locations than just the accumulator. 4) Three address instructions contain three address fields making program creation easier but increasing the number of bits per instruction.

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    Computer Organization - Instruction Formats (Zero, One, Two and Three Address Instruction) - GeeksforGeeks

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    Dharamvir Saini
    4K views4 pages
    This document discusses different types of instruction formats used in computer organization based on the number of addresses in each instruction: 1) Zero address instructions are used in stack-based computers and do not contain address fields. 2) One address instructions use an accumulator register where one operand is implied to be in the accumulator. 3) Two address instructions specify two addresses allowing the result to be stored in different locations than just the accumulator. 4) Three address instructions contain three address fields making program creation easier but increasing the number of bits per instruction.

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    Computer Organization _ Instruction Formats (Zero, One, Two and Three Address Instruction) - GeeksforGeeks

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    This document discusses different types of instruction formats used in computer organization based on the number of addresses in each instruction: 1) Zero address instructions are used in stack-based computers and do not contain address fields. 2) One address instructions use an accumulator register where one operand is implied to be in the accumulator. 3) Two address instructions specify two addresses allowing the result to be stored in different locations than just the accumulator. 4) Three address instructions contain three address fields making program creation easier but increasing the number of bits per instruction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4K views4 pages

    Computer Organization - Instruction Formats (Zero, One, Two and Three Address Instruction) - GeeksforGeeks

    Uploaded by

    Dharamvir Saini
    This document discusses different types of instruction formats used in computer organization based on the number of addresses in each instruction: 1) Zero address instructions are used in stack-based computers and do not contain address fields. 2) One address instructions use an accumulator register where one operand is implied to be in the accumulator. 3) Two address instructions specify two addresses allowing the result to be stored in different locations than just the accumulator. 4) Three address instructions contain three address fields making program creation easier but increasing the number of bits per instruction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Computer Organization | Instruction Formats (Zero,

    One, Two and Three Address Instruction)


    Computer perform task on the basis of instruction provided. A instruction in computer comprises of
    groups called fields. These field contains different information as for computers every thing is in 0
    and 1 so each field has different significance on the basis of which a CPU decide what so perform.
    The most common fields are:

    Operation field which specifies the operation to be performed like addition.


    Address field which contain the location of operand, i.e., register or memory location.
    Mode field which specifies how operand is to be founded.

    A instruction is of various length depending upon the number of addresses it contain. Generally
    CPU organization are of three types on the basis of number of address fields:

    1. Single Accumulator organization


    2. General register organization
    3. Stack organization

    In first organization operation is done involving a special register called accumulator. In second on
    multiple registers are used for the computation purpose. In third organization the work on stack
    basis operation due to which it does not contain any address field. It is not necessary that only a
    single organization is applied a blend of various organization is mostly what we see generally.

    On the basis of number of address instruction are classified as:

    Note that we will use X = (A+B)*(C+D) expression to showcase the procedure.

    1. Zero Address Instructions –


    A stack based computer do not use address field in instruction.To evaluate a expression first it
    is converted to revere Polish Notation i.e. Post fix Notation.

    Expression: X = (A+B)*(C+D)
    Postfixed : X = AB+CD+*
    TOP means top of stack
    M[X] is any memory location

    PUSH A TOP = A

    PUSH B TOP = B

    ADD TOP = A+B

    PUSH C TOP = C

    PUSH D TOP = D

    ADD TOP = C+D

    MUL TOP = (C+D)*(A+B)

    POP X M[X] = TOP

    2. One Address Instructions –


    This use a implied ACCUMULATOR register for data manipulation.One operand is in
    accumulator and other is in register or memory location.Implied means that the CPU already
    know that one operand is in accumulator so there is no need to specify it.
    Expression: X = (A+B)*(C+D)
    AC is accumulator
    M[] is any memory location
    M[T] is temporary location

    LOAD A AC = M[A]

    ADD B AC = AC + M[B]

    STORE T M[T] = AC

    LOAD C AC = M[C]

    ADD D AC = AC + M[D]

    MUL T AC = AC * M[T]

    STORE X M[X] = AC

    3. Two Address Instructions –


    This is common in commercial computers.Here two address can be specified in the
    instruction.Unlike earlier in one address instruction the result was stored in accumulator here
    result cab be stored at different location rather than just accumulator, but require more
    number of bit to represent address.

    Here destination address can also contain operand.

    Expression: X = (A+B)*(C+D)
    R1, R2 are registers
    M[] is any memory location
    MOV R1, A R1 = M[A]

    ADD R1, B R1 = R1 + M[B]

    MOV R2, C R2 = C

    ADD R2, D R2 = R2 + D

    MUL R1, R2 R1 = R1 * R2

    MOV X, R1 M[X] = R1

    4. Three Address Instructions –


    This has three address field to specify a register or a memory location. Program created are
    much short in size but number of bits per instruction increase. These instructions make
    creation of program much easier but it does not mean that program will run much faster
    because now instruction only contain more information but each micro operation (changing
    content of register, loading address in address bus etc.) will be performed in one cycle only.

    Expression: X = (A+B)*(C+D)
    R1, R2 are registers
    M[] is any memory location

    ADD R1, A, B R1 = M[A] + M[B]

    ADD R2, C, D R2 = M[C] + M[D]

    MUL X, R1, R2 M[X] = R1 * R2

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