Chemistry

Question 1
The table below shows the electronic structure of six elements U to Z.
Element Electronic structure
U 2,1
V 2,2
W 2,4
X 2,8,7
Y 2,8,8
Z 2,8,8,1
Choose the letters of [4]

i) two elements in the same period of the periodic table,
U,V,W, or X,Y
ii) a noble gas
Y,
iii) a Group I metal

U, Z
iv) an element which forms a negative ion.
X
Question 2
Elements X and Y form chlorides XCl2 and YCl2. Some properties of these chlorides
are listed in the following table.
(i). Suggest with reasons the type of bonds in: [4]
(a). XCl2
(b) YCl2
A – covalent
B - ionic
(ii). Suggest a group in the periodic table to which element Y belongs.[1]
Transition metals
(iii) Would you expect XCl2 to be soluble in water? Give reason.[2]

Yes, as long as the temperature of the water is at least 59 degrees Celsius. XCL2
would be soluble in water by reaching its boiling point.
*No, because covalent
Question 3:
Look at the heating curve of a substance given above and answer the questions.
1. Name the process that is happening at B.
Melting [1]
2. Explain with the kinetic theory, what is happening to particles at

B.
[2]
As the heat energy is applied, the frozen particles at slowly starts moving, however it
still will stay at its own shape since it is still at the melting stage.
3. What is the boiling point of the

substance?
60degrees celsius [1]
4. Explain using the kinetic theory, what is happening to particles between D to

C? [1]
This is when the particles reach to the boiling point and the particles moving around
at a greater speed, also leaving more gaps from each other while separating.
Question 4
A fake banknote can be investigated by dissolving the ink off the paper. Four
criminals were suspected to make the fake bank note using certain ink and out of
those four, one criminal used the same ink as the ink used in the genuine(real)
banknote. Using your knowledge of Chromatography, design an experiment to show
which one of these inks is the same as the ink from the genuine(real) banknote.
In your method, you need to
 explain the problem to be tested
1) Get 2 same sized beakers

2) Fold each of the bank notes into 3 part to let it stand by its own
3) Put somewater
 [1]
 formulate and explain a hypothesis using correct scientific reasoning. [2]
 list the variables and the manipulation of variables [4]
 Write a suitable method for the experiment so that a reliable data can be
collected [4]
 Get 2 same sized beakers

 Fold each of the bank notes into 3 part to let it stand by its own
 Put somewater
Question 5
Question:
Water solubility is an important physical property in Chemistry. A group of students

were investigating the solubility of a substance A in water. Another student found
some data in their notebook.
Look at the data table and do as directed.
Temperature(in Solubility of A in 100ml of water(in grams)

celcius)
0 1.5
20 3.0
40 6.5
60 11.0
80 17.0
1. Write the investigation

question. [1]
How does the temperature of water affect the solubility of a substance?
2. Suggest an appropriate hypothesis for the above data

As the temperature of the water gets higher, then more easier the substance will be
soluble in water, because in the increase in kinetic energy.
3. Identify
variables [3]
(a) Independent variable (b) Dependent variable
(c) Controlled variables (Any two)
Iv – Temperature
Dv – Solubility of A in water
Cv – Amount of water, Lab condition (Room temperature)
Question 6:
Heat is given out when alcohols are burned.

A student used the apparatus shown to find the amount of heat produced when four
different alcohols, methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, were burned.
(a) Some methanol was put into the burner. 25cm3 water was measured using a
measuring cylinder and kept in a test tube. The initial temperature of the water was
measured.
The burner was lit and allowed to burn for one minute. The flame was extinguished
and the final temperature of the water was measured. The experiment was repeated
with ethanol, propanol and butanol.
(i) Use the thermometer diagrams to record the temperatures in the table and
complete the table by recording the temperature rise for each alcohol and
plot the graph. [4]
(ii) From your graph, work out the temperature rise expected if the experiment was
repeated using pentanol, C5H11OH. Show clearly on the grid how you obtained your
answer.[2]
(ii) Suggest two sources of errors in the experiment and the ways of
improvement.[4]
The burning time was not mentioned, and the initial temperature of all the alcohols
should’ve been equal, because then the final temperature will be differed.
Alcohol Initial Final Rise in temperature/˚c
Temperature/˚c temperature/˚
Methanol 25 28 3
Ethanol 26 39 13
Propanol 23 46 23
Butanol 24 58 34
Question: 7
Imagine that a new element called Mypium has been isolated. It has low density and
is a solid which is soft and easily cut with a knife. It is extremely reactive with both air
and water, so it is stored under oil. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and
also has a low melting point.
Evaluate this information to identify which group it belongs to? Justify your
answer by giving suitable chemical equations. You may use some other
element of the same group as an
example. [3]
Mypium’s characteristics, according to the information given:
• Low density
• Solid, but very soft
• Extremely reactive with both air and water, stored under oil
• Good conductor of heat and electricity
• Low melting point
I think this element suits very well with Alkali metals, because all of its characteristics
overlaps with Alkali metal’s characteristics, which is soft, has a low
melting/boiling point, a good conductor of heat and electricity, and reactive
with air. Also the first three alkali metals (Li, Na, K) are less denser than
water, which also mentions for Mypium, with low density.
Question: 8
Six years after the largest nuclear disaster in a quarter-century, Japanese officials
have still not solved a basic problem: what to do with an ever-growing pile of
radioactive waste. Each form of waste at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power
Station, where three reactors melted down after an earthquake and a tsunami on
March 11, 2011, presents its own challenges.
The Tokyo Electric Power Company is pumping water nonstop through the three
reactors to cool melted fuel that remains too hot and radioactive to remove. About
400 tons of water passes through the reactors every day, including groundwater that
seeps in. The water picks up radiation in the reactors and then is diverted into a
decontamination facility.
But the decontamination filters cannot remove all the radioactive material. So for
now, all this water is being stored in 1,000 gray, blue and white tanks on the
grounds. The tanks already hold 962,000 tons of contaminated water, and Tokyo
Electric is installing more tanks. It is also trying to slow the flow of groundwater
through the reactors by building an underground ice wall.
Within a few years, though, and no one is sure exactly when, the plant may run out
of room to store the contaminated water. “We cannot continue to build tanks forever,”
said Shigenori Hata, an official at the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
The authorities are debating whether it might be acceptable, given the relatively low
radioactive levels in the water, to dilute the contaminated water and then dump it into
the ocean. But local fishermen are vehemently opposed. Many people still do not
trust Tokyo Electric because of its bungled response to the disaster.
Q. Discuss and evaluate either a social implication or an ethical implications of using
radioactive isotopes [6]
You should use scientific reasoning to support your answer and consider:
• The effects of radioactive isotopes on an individual and a community
• Your appraisal of whether radioactive isotopes should continue to be used

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Question 1

The table below shows the electronic structure of six elements U to Z.

Element Electronic structure

Choose the letters of [4]

ii) a noble gas

iii) a Group I metal

(iii) Would you expect XCl2 to be soluble in water? Give reason.[2]

*No, because covalent

2. Explain with the kinetic theory, what is happening to particles at

3. What is the boiling point of the

4. Explain using the kinetic theory, what is happening to particles between D to

In your method, you need to

 explain the problem to be tested

1) Get 2 same sized beakers

 Get 2 same sized beakers

Water solubility is an important physical property in Chemistry. A group of students

Temperature(in Solubility of A in 100ml of water(in grams)

1. Write the investigation

How does the temperature of water affect the solubility of a substance?

2. Suggest an appropriate hypothesis for the above data

Heat is given out when alcohols are burned.

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