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    Nervous System PDF

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    Maymay Mustrado
    The nervous system is comprised of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system receives sensory input from the peripheral nervous system, integrates the information, and directs motor responses via output signals. It is responsible for interpreting sensory information and directing instructions based on previous experiences. The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that connect the central nervous system to other parts of the body and allows for both voluntary and involuntary control of functions like breathing and digestion.

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    Nervous System PDF

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    Maymay Mustrado
    152 views64 pages
    The nervous system is comprised of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system receives sensory input from the peripheral nervous system, integrates the information, and directs motor responses via output signals. It is responsible for interpreting sensory information and directing instructions based on previous experiences. The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that connect the central nervous system to other parts of the body and allows for both voluntary and involuntary control of functions like breathing and digestion.

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    The nervous system is comprised of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system receives sensory input from the peripheral nervous system, integrates the information, and directs motor responses via output signals. It is responsible for interpreting sensory information and directing instructions based on previous experiences. The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that connect the central nervous system to other parts of the body and allows for both voluntary and involuntary control of functions like breathing and digestion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    152 views64 pages

    Nervous System PDF

    Uploaded by

    Maymay Mustrado
    The nervous system is comprised of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system receives sensory input from the peripheral nervous system, integrates the information, and directs motor responses via output signals. It is responsible for interpreting sensory information and directing instructions based on previous experiences. The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that connect the central nervous system to other parts of the body and allows for both voluntary and involuntary control of functions like breathing and digestion.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 64

    THE NERVOUS

    SYSTEM
    OUTLINE
    •Central nervous system
    • Parts and functions
    •Peripheral nervous system
    • Parts and functions
    •Activity: Break it Down!
    •Diseases of the nervous system
    NERVOUS SYSTEM
    •The command center of the body
    •The body system comprised of a complex network of pathways coordinating and
    communicating with each other, enabling us to interact with the things around us
    •Made up of nerve cells (neurons)
    FUNCTIONS
    •Sensory Input
    •Integration
    •Motor output
    DIVISIONS
    •Central Nervous System
    •Brain and spinal cord
    •Peripheral nervous system
    •Cranial nerves
    •Spinal nerves
    CENTRAL NERVOUS
    SYSTEM
    •Consists of the brain and spinal cord, which act as integration and command center of
    the body
    •Interprets sensory information and directs instructions based on previous experiences
    and/or current condition/s
    A system of the body that
    receives and processes all
    information from all parts of the
    body. It is consists of the brain
    and spinal cord.
    THE BRAIN
    • Located within the cranium (skull)
    • Made up of more than one hundred billion nerves
    • Bumps - Gyri | Grooves - Sulci
    • divided into two hemispheres, connected by the Corpus Callosum
    • Parts
    • Forebrain
    • Midbrain Brainstem

    • Hindbrain
    CEREBRAL CORTEX
    •The biggest part of the brain
    •Controls senses, imagination, and thoughts
    • Functions:
    • Thought - Reasoning
    • Voluntary movement - Attitude
    • Language - Intelligence
    • Perception
    FOREBRAIN
    •Cerebrum - largest portion, thought and action

    •Thalamus –- Sensation and movement (vision)

    •Hypothalamus - links nervous to pituitary gland


    MIDBRAIN
    •Also known as mesencephalon
    •Associated with vision, hearing, motor control, and sleep/wake
    HINDBRAIN
    •Pons - connects the upper and lower parts of the brain
    •Medula oblongata - breathing, heart functions, digestion, sneezing, swallowing
    •Cerebellum - posture, balance, speech, coordination
    •Brainstem – controls breathing,
    heart rate, sleep, and blood
    pressure. It is consists of medulla
    oblongata and pons.
    BRAIN: LOBES
    Divided into 4lobes
    •Frontal Lobe
    •Parietal lobe
    •Temporal Lobe
    •Occipital Lobe
    FRONTAL LOBE
    Anteriormost lobe
    Functions
    •emotional regulation
    •Planning
    •Reasoning
    •problem solving
    PARIETAL LOBE
    Located behind the frontal lobe
    Functions
    •sensory information
    •Touch
    •Temperature
    •pressure and pain
    TEMPORAL LOBE
    Lobe located beneath the parietal lobe
    Functions
    •Major auditory processing center
    •Hearing
    •Language recognition
    •Memory formation
    OCCIPITAL LOBE
    Posteriormost Lobe
    Functions
    •Major visual processing center
    •Interprets (Depth, location of seen objects)
    LATERALIZATION
    Left Right
    Hemisphere Hemisphere
    Analytical Music/Arts

    Objectivity Imagination

    Logic Creativity

    Reasoning Emotion

    Math/Scientific Subjectivity

    Controls the right Controls the left


    2 MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF
    THE SPINAL CORD
    •It connects a large part of the peripheral
    nervous system to the brain.

    •The spinal cord also acts as a minor


    coordinating center responsible for some
    simple reflexes like the withdrawal reflex.
    Information (nerve impulses) reaching
    the spinal cord through sensory
    neurons are transmitted up into the
    brain. Signals arising in the motor
    areas of the brain travel back down the
    cord and leave in the motor neurons.
    SPINAL CORD
    •Anatomy:
    • White cord of tissue
    passing through the bony
    tunnel made by the
    vertebrae.
    • Extends from the base of
    the brain to the bottom of
    the backbone.
    HUMAN HAS :
    •10 pairs of •31 pairs of
    Cranial Spinal
    nerves nerves
    CRANIAL NERVES
    CRANIAL NERVES
    CRANIAL NERVES
    DIVISIONS OF THE
    SPINAL CORD
    •Cervical (C1 to C8)
    •Thoracic (T1 to L1)
    •Lumbar (L2 to S1)
    •Sacral (S2 to S3)
    •Coccygeal
    CERVICAL (C1 TO C8)
    CERVICAL NUMBER ACTION
    C1 to C3 Neck muscles
    C4 Diaphragm
    C5 Deltoid (shoulder)
    C6 Wrist
    C7 Triceps
    C7 to C8 Fingers
    THORACIC (T1 TO L2)
    THORACIC NUMBER ACTION
    T1 Hand
    T2 to T12 Intercostals (trunk)
    T7 to L1 Abdominals
    T11 to L2 Ejaculation
    LUMBAR (L2 TO S1)
    LUMBAR NUMBER ACTION
    L2 Hips
    L3 Quadriceps
    L4 to L5 Knee
    L4 to S1 Foot
    SACRAL (L2 TO S1)
    SACRAL NUMBER ACTION

    S2 Penile erection

    S2 to S3 Bowel and bladder


    COCCYGEAL
    •also known as the tailbone
    • serves as an attachment site for
    tendons, ligaments, and muscles.
    •also functions as an insertion
    point of some of the muscles of
    the pelvic floor.
    PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
    SYSTEM
    • Consists of the neurons and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord
    • Takes information through the senses and directs them to the central nervous system
    • Nerves in the PNS are called as Motor nerves
    DENDRITE CELL BODY
    (SOMA) MYELIN
    SHEATH

    SCHWANN
    CELL

    NODE OF AXON
    NUCLEUS RANVIER
    NEURON: PARTS
    DENDRITE - RECEIVES IMPULSES FROM OTHER NEURONS
    Soma- cell’s maintenance
    Schwann cell - myelinates the axons of the neuron
    Myelin sheath - covers the axons, speeds up impulse
    Node of ranvier - Saltatory action of sent signals
    axon - sends messages away from the some to other cells
    DIVISIONS OF PNS
    •Somatic Nervous System
    •Autonomic Nervous System
    SOMATIC NS (SONS)
    associated with the voluntary control of the body movements
    Main Parts
    •Spinal Nerves - carry motor and sensory signals between the spinal cord and the body
    •Cranial Nerves - fibers that carry information into and out of the brain stem
    AUTONOMIC NS (ANS)
    associated with the involuntary control of the body movements
    Divisions:
    Parasympathetic - maintains body functions and restores the body to normal or relaxed mode
    •Sympathetic - activated when the body is in a dynamic role or stress

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