Defects in Human Eye
Defects in Human Eye
Defects in Human Eye
INTRODUCTION
Eye, light-sensitive organ of vision in animals. The
eyes of various species vary from simple structures that are
capable only of differentiating between light and dark to
complex organs—such as those of humans and other
mammals—that can distinguish minute variations of shape,
color, brightness, and distance. The actual process of seeing is
performed by the brain rather than by the eye. The function of
the eye is to translate the electromagnetic vibrations of light
into patterns of nerve impulses that are transmitted to the
brain.
DEFECTS OF THE EYE
Myopia: (nearsightedness) This is a defect
of vision in which far the refractive power of the eye’s
lens too strong. objects appear blurred but near
objects are seen clearly. The image is focused in front
of the retina rather than on it usually because the
eyeball is too long or Myopia can be corrected by
wearing glasses/contacts with concave lenses these
help to focus the image on the retina
Hyperopia: (farsightedness) This is a
defect of vision in which there is difficulty with near
vision but far objects can be seen easily. The image is
focused behind the retina rather than upon it. This
occurs when the eyeball is too short or the refractive
power of the lens is too weak. Hyperopia can be
corrected by wearing glasses/contacts that contain
convex lenses.
Astigmatism:
A convex lens has a thick centre and thinner edges. Light passing
through a convex lens is bent inward, or made to converge. This
causes an image of the object to form on a screen on the opposite
side of the lens. The image is in focus if the screen is placed at a
particular distance from the lens that depends upon the distance
of the object and the focal point of the lens. The lens in the
human eye is convex, but, unlike a glass lens, it is elastic so that it
can change shape to focus on objects at varying distances. The
lens becomes short and fat when viewing close objects and
elongated and thin when viewing distant objects.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE