An American National Standard

Designation: D 2290 – 00e1

Standard Test Method for

Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or Reinforced
Plastic Pipe by Split Disk Method1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2290; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

e1 NOTE—Keywords editorially added in November 2003.

1. Scope stress to the test ring. An apparent tensile strength rather than
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com- a true tensile strength is obtained in this test because of a
parative apparent tensile strength of most plastic products bending moment imposed during test at the split between the
utilizing a split disk test fixture, when tested under defined split disk test fixture. This moment is induced by the change in
conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and test contour of the ring between the two disk sections as they
machine speed. This test method is applicable to reinforced- separate. The test fixture is designed to minimize the effect of
thermosetting resin pipe regardless of fabrication method. This this bending moment.
test method also is applicable to extruded and molded thermo- 4. Significance and Use
plastic pipe.
Procedure A is used for reinforced-thermosetting resin pipe; 4.1 Split disk tension tests, properly interpreted, provide
Procedure B is used for thermoplastic pipe of any size; reasonably accurate information with regard to the apparent
Procedure C is used for thermoplastic pipe with nominal tensile strength of plastic pipe when employed under condi-
diameter of 4-1⁄2 in. and greater. tions approximating those under which the tests are made.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 4.2 Tension tests may provide data for research and devel-
as the standard. opment, engineering design, quality control, acceptance or
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the rejection under specifications, and for special purposes. The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the test cannot be considered significant for applications differing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- widely from the load-time scale of the standard test.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- NOTE 1—Procedure C has been used on polyethylene and polybutylene
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. pipe to produce results equivalent to Quick Burst results (Test Method
D 1599) for 4 in. to 8 in. pipes.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical 5.1 Micrometers—Suitable ball-type micrometers, reading
Insulating Materials for Testing2 to at least 0.001 in., for measuring the width and thickness of
D 1599 Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic Failure Pres- the test specimens.
sure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings3 5.2 Testing Machine—A universal testing machine of the
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines4 constant-rate-of-cross-head-movement type and comprising
essentially the following:
3. Summary of Test Method 5.2.1 Drive Mechanism—A drive mechanism for imparting
3.1 The test specimen is loaded through the suggested to the crosshead a uniform controlled velocity with respect to
self-aligning split disk test fixture (Fig. 1) which applies tensile the base, this velocity to be regulated as specified in Section 9.
5.2.2 Load Indicator—A load-indicating mechanism ca-
pable of showing the total tensile load carried by the test
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic specimen. This mechanism shall be essentially free from
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test
Methods.
inertia lag at the specified rate of testing and shall indicate the
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published September 2000. Originally load with an accuracy of 61 % of the indicated value. The
published as D 2290 – 64 T. Last previous edition D 2290 – 92. accuracy of the testing machine shall be verified in accordance
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. with Method E 4.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 D 2290 – 00e1

FIG. 1 Test Fixture: Typical

5.3 Test Fixture—The recommended test fixture is shown in

Fig. 1. The width of the split disk for Procedure A shall be at
least 0.1 in. greater than the width of the specimen. The width
of the split disk for Procedure B shall be 0.5 in. 6 0.05 in. The
width of the split disk for Procedure C shall be 2.0 in. 6 0.1 in.
The supports for holding the tension test fixture shall be
self-aligning, that is, they shall be attached to the fixed and
movable member of the test machine, respectively, in such a
manner that they move freely into alignment as soon as any
load is applied, so that the direction of the applied pull is
directly perpendicular to the split axis of the test fixture.
5.4 Conditioning Apparatus—Apparatus for maintaining
the standard laboratory atmospheric temperature of 23 6 2°C
(73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for condition-
ing prior to test, as defined in Procedure A of Methods D 618,
shall be used, except 24 h will be the minimum time period.

6. Test Specimen
6.1 Test specimen for Procedure A shall be full-diameter,
full-wall thickness rings cut from reinforced thermosetting
resin pipe by any suitable means. Specimens shall conform to
Fig. 2. Specimens shall have a minimum overall width of 0.90 FIG. 2 Reduced-Section Specimens for Procedure A
in., and a minimum width in the reduced section(s) of 0.55 in.
The number of reduced areas shall be one or two. If two, they they are 180° apart, that is, even at the weld or “knit” line of the specimen
must be located 180° apart. Reduced areas must be centered if the strength of these areas is being investigated.
relative to the specimen width to within 0.05 in. 6.3 Test specimens for Procedure C shall be cut normal to
6.2 Test specimens for Procedure B shall be full-diameter, the pipe axis with parallel sides. The width of the specimen
full-thickness rings cut from thermoplastic pipe, by any suit- shall be nominally 1.75 in. to 2.00 in. Two areas, one of which
able means, as shown in Fig. 3. The reduced cross sections includes the minimum pipe wall thickness and the other 180
shall be located at the point of minimum wall thickness and at deg opposite, shall be wet sanded to remove cutting marks;
180° thereto except when the test is used for specialized care must be exercised to retain the rectangular cross-section of
purposes (see Note 2). The specimen must be free of machining the prepared areas.
marks and uniform in cross section. 6.4 Number of Test Specimens—The number of test speci-
NOTE 2—The reduced sections for the extruded or molded specimens mens is optional; however, a minimum of five specimens is
can be located at any points on the periphery of the specimen provided needed to obtain a reliable average for a sample.

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 D 2290 – 00e1
9.2 Procedure B:
9.2.1 Measure the width and thickness of the reduced
sections to the nearest 0.001 in. using a ball-type micrometer or
a dial indicator. Record the width and thickness of both
cross-sectional areas.
9.2.2 Mount the test specimen on the split disk test fixture
with the reduced sections at the split in the fixture. Align the
test specimen on the split disk specimen holder so that it is
centered on the line joining the points of attachment of the
fixture to the test machine.
9.2.3 Set the speed control at 0.50 in./min and start the test
machine.
9.2.4 Record the yield and ultimate loads carried by the
specimen during the test.
9.3 Procedure C:
9.3.1 Measure the width and thickness of the prepared areas
to the nearest 0.001 in. using a ball anvil type micrometer.
Record the width and thickness of both prepared cross-
sectional areas.
9.3.2 Mount the test specimen on the outside of the split
disk fixture with the prepared and measured areas located at the
FIG. 3 Reduced Section Specimen for Procedure B split in the fixture. Align the test specimen on the test fixture so
that it is centered on the line joining the points of attachment
7. Conditioning to the test machine.
7.1 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 23 6 9.3.3 Set the speed control at 0.50 in./min and start the
2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less machine.
than 24 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of 9.3.4 Record the yield point and maximum load carried by
Methods D 618 for those tests where conditioning is required. the specimen during the test.
In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61°C 9.3.5 Record the crosshead separation required to rupture
(61.8°F) and 62 % relative humidity. the test specimen.
7.2 Test Conditions—Conduct tests in the standard labora-
tory atmosphere of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % 10. Calculation
relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test meth-
10.1 Calculate the apparent tensile strength (at yield or
ods or in this specification. In cases of disagreement, the
rupture, or both) of the specimen using the appropriate equa-
tolerances shall be 61°C (61.8°F) and 62 % relative humid-
tion and report to three significant figures.
ity.
7.3 Special conditioning procedures may be used by agree- sa 5 Pb/2Am ~Procedure A! (1)
ment between cooperating laboratories.
or: Pb/~d1b1 1 d2b2! ~Procedure B or C! (2)
8. Speed of Testing
8.1 Speed of testing is velocity of separation of the two where:
sa = apparent yield or ultimate tensile stress of the
members of the testing machine when running idle (under no
specimen, MPa (or psi),
load). Speed of testing shall be 0.1 in./min (ipm) minimum and
Pb = maximum or breaking load, or both, N (or lbf),
0.5 ipm maximum for Procedure A. It shall be 0.5 ipm for Am = minimum cross-sectional area of the two measure-
Procedures B and C. ments, d3 b, in.2,
9. Procedure d = thickness at minimum area, in.,
d1, d2 = thickness at reduced or test sections, in.,
9.1 Procedure A (parallel-fiber-reinforced specimens): b = width at minimum area, in., and
9.1.1 Measure the minimum width of the reduced area(s) to b1, b2 = width of reduced or test sections, in.
the nearest 0.001 in., using a suitable micrometer. 10.2 For each series of tests, calculate the arithmetic mean
9.1.2 Mount the specimen on the lubricated periphery of the of all values obtained to three significant figures and report as
test fixture, with the reduced area(s) centered 2.0 6 0.2 in. the“ average value” for the particular property in question.
away from the split in the disk.
10.3 Calculate the standard deviation as follows and report
9.1.3 Run the test at a constant speed between 0.1 and 0.5
to two significant figures:
ipm.
9.1.4 Record the maximum load carried by the specimen
during the test. s5 Π( X 2 nX 2
n21 (3)

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 D 2290 – 00e1

FIG. 4 Fixture for Preparation of Reduced-Section Ring Tensile Specimens

where: 11.1.4 Thickness and width of test cross-sectional area,

s = estimated standard deviation, 11.1.5 Conditioning procedure used,
X = value of single observation, 11.1.6 Atmospheric conditions in test room,
n = number of observations, and 11.1.7 Number of specimens tested,
X̄ = arithmetic mean of the set of observations. 11.1.8 Rate of crosshead motion,
11.1.9 Apparent composite tensile strength of each speci-
11. Report men, and average calculated and reported to three significant
11.1 The report shall include the following: figures,
11.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, includ- 11.1.10 Standard deviation (estimated) of the sample calcu-
ing type, source, manufacturer’s code number, form, principal lated and reported to two significant figures,
dimensions, and previous history. 11.1.11 Average resin content weight percent of specimens
11.1.2 Fabrication procedure, when applicable, and
11.1.3 Type specimen used, 11.1.12 Date of test.

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 D 2290 – 00e1
12. Precision and Bias
12.1 Because of the nature of the materials and a lack of a
wide data base on a variety of applicable composites, no
definitive statement can be made at this time concerning
precision and bias of this test method.

13. Keywords
13.1 apparent tensile strength; hoop tensile strength; plastic
pipe; split-disk method

FIG. 5 Instrument for Measuring Ring Tensile Specimens

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