Industrial Elecs Lecture PDF

INDUSTRIAL
ELECTRONICS
LECTURE
By: Engr. Joel Bajador
PECE, MBA, ACPE, CMAE
INDUSTRIAL
ELECTRONICS
Industrial
Electronics
THE APPLICATION OF
ELECTRONICS IN
INDUSTRIAL OPERATION
AND CONTROL
Industrial
Electronics
POWER CONTROL System
&
Industrial Electronic
System
POWER CONTROL System
CIRCUIT CONTROL DEVICES:

1. Manual Switches and
Rheostats
2. Relays and Breakers
3. Variable Reactance
Transformers
4. Electronic Switches
Vacuum Tubes
DIODE
TRIODE
TETRODE
PENTODE
DIODE
•By Sir John Ambrose Flemming

in 1904
•“FLEMMING VALVE’’
•Unilateral device that can act
as a Rectifier
DIODE
TRIODE
•By Lee De Forest in 1906

•“AUDION Tube”
•First amplification device
TRIODE
TRIODE
TETRODE
•By Henry Round in 1926

•Can operate at higher
frequency
•Eliminates Interelectrode
Capacitance
TETRODE
PENTODE
•Developed to reduce
“Secondary Emission”
PENTODE
Electronic Switches
•Thyrector
•Shockley •TRIAC
Diode •SCS
•SCR •UJT
•DIAC •PUT
THYRISTOR
•Group of devices with four or

more semiconductor layers
•Mostly used as switch
•Break-over voltage is needed
to turn on any thyristor
THYRECTOR
• a silicon diode exhibiting very

high resistance up to a certain
voltage, beyond which the device
switches to low-resistance
conducting state
• viewed as two zener diodes
connected back-to-back in series
• used to support voltage surges
and transients
THYRECTOR
•
SHOCKLEY DIODE
•Also called four layer diode

•A dual terminal pnpn device
•A unilateral device
SHOCKLEY DIODE
SCR /Silicon Controlled
Rectifier
•a three-terminal four layer

device
• a thyristor (the most popular
power controller)
• gated Shockley diode
SCR /Silicon Controlled
Rectifier
DIAC/ Diode AC
•a two-terminal, bilateral, three-

layer semiconductor device
that exhibits negative resistance
when the applied voltage
exceeds the breakdown value.
• a gateless TRIAC
• used to trigger larger thyristors
DIAC/ Diode AC
TRIAC / TRIODE AC
•a bidirectional triode thyristor

• two SCRs connected back to
back in parallel
• gated DIAC
TRIAC / TRIODE AC
SCS- Silicon Controlled Switch
•Similar construction of the SCR

•Has two gate terminals
•Can be turned “on” on either
gate
SCS- Silicon Controlled Switch
UJT- Unijunction Transistor
•Does not belong to the thyristor

family
•Has a single PN junction
•Used for relaxation oscillators
PUT- Programmable UJT
•A four layer pnpn device

•Programmable in a sense that
the base resistances are
external and can be selected
appropriately
summary
•Shockley diode – unidirectional, without gate

trigger
•SCR – unidirectional, with gate trigger
•DIAC – bidirectional, without gate trigger
•TRIAC – bidirectional with gate trigger
•SCS – dual gated SCR
•PUT – programmable UJT
•UJT – not a thyristor because it has only two layers
and one PN junction, unlike thyristors which
has 4 layers and 3 PN junctions
Industrial Electronic System
•AUTOMATIC WELDING SYSTEM

•SERVO SYSTEM
•SYNCHRO SYSTEM
Automatic Welding System
•5 INTERVALS :
1. Squeeze Interval
2. Weld Interval
• Heat interval
• Cool interval
3. Hold Interval
4. Release Interval
5. Standby Interval
Squeeze Interval
• The welding electrode

comes forward and engage
the metal, pressing against
the surface.
• Squeeze time is about 1s.

Weld Interval
• The welding transformer is

energized, current flows and
create a weld.
• Current is on and off in short
burst called pulsation.
• Heat subinterval- current is on
• Cool subinterval-current is off
• About 2 to 10 seconds
Hold Interval
• Weld interval is finished but the

electrode pressure is
maintained on the metal
surface for the weld to harden.
• About 1 second
Release Interval
• The weld electrode is retracted

Standby Interval
Time after release interval to the

next start sequence
QUESTION
A type of welding where the equipment is

relatively inexpensive and simple, generally
employing the combustion of acetylene in
oxygen to produce a welding flame
temperature of about 3100°C.
A. Arc welding
B. gas welding
C. resistance welding
D. energy beam welding
QUESTION
A A type of welding which do not

require a molten electrode.
A. Arc welding
B. gas welding
QUESTION
A type of welding commonly used

under water
A. Arc welding
B. solid state welding
SYNCHRO SYSTEM
SYNCHRO
•It resembles a small electric

motor in size and appearance
and operates like a variable
transformer.
•Used primarily for rapid and
accurate transmission of data.
SYNCHRO
Synchro Classification
•TORQUE SYNCHRO SYSTEM

concerned with the torque or
turning force required to move
light loads such as dials,
pointers, or similar indicators
Synchro Classification
•CONTROL SYNCHRO SYSTEM

used in systems that are
designed to move heavy loads
such as gun directors, radar
antennas, and missile launchers.
Synchro System
Damping
•Prevent the rotor from

oscillating or spinning.
•Types
•ELECTRICAL
USED IN SMALL SYNCHRO
•MECHANICAL
USED IN LARGER SYNCHROS
SYNCHRO CAPACITOR
•Unit containing three delta –

connected capacitors.
•It increases the accuracy of the

system.
SYNCHRO APPLICATION
SERVO SYSTEM
WHAT IS SERVO SYSTEM?
uses a weak control signal to

move large loads to a desired
position with great accuracy.
The key words in this definition

are move and great accuracy.
CLASSIFICATION OF SERVO
•POSITION
•VELOCITY
•ACCELERATION
VELOCITY SERVO
•VELOCITY of the output is sensed

rather than position of the load.
•FEEDBACK LOOP
TACHOMETER
Used to sense the speed of the
load.
VELOCITY SERVO
ACCELERATION SERVO
similar to the velocity and position

servos except that the acceleration
of the load is being sensed rather
than the position or velocity.
The tachometer of the velocity loop is

replaced with an accelerometer.
MODULATORS AND
DEMODULATORS IN SERVO SYSTEM
MODULATOR
used to change a dc error signal
into an ac input error signal for
servo amplifiers. This device is
required when ac servo amplifiers
are used instead of dc amplifiers.
MODULATORS AND
DEMODULATORS IN SERVO SYSTEM
DEMODULATOR
convert ac error signals to dc
error signals. The dc signal is
required to drive a dc servo
amplifier.
ROBOTICS
ROBOTICS
the science or the study of the

basic technologies associated
with the theories and
applications of a robotic system
Systems Close To Robotics But Not
Classified As Robots:
1. Prostheses – artificial
replacement for parts of the
human being.
2. Exoskeletons – frames which
surrounded human limbs, or
even the whole human
frame.
Systems Close To Robotics But Not
Classified As Robots:
1. Telecherics – remote
manipulators.
2. Locomotive Devices –
imitates man or animals by
walking on legs instead of
wheels.
Basic Components:
1. Manipulators
2. End Effector (Gripper)
3. Controller
4. Power Supply
Manipulator
the “arm” of the robot. Made up

of links connected by joints
Controller
stores reprogrammed
information for later recall,
controls peripheral devices,
and communicates with the
computers within the plant for
constant updates in
production
END EFFECTOR (GRIPPER)
a specialized device that is use

for handling a few objects
that has similar
characteristics in a repetitive
operation
Power Supply
the unit that supplies the power to

the controller and the
manipulator.
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Electric
ELECTRIC
uses either AC or DC electric motors.

These are then connected to a
manipulator’s axes through a
gear reduction process.
Payload: 3 – 80 kgs
Used in:assembly, arc/spot welding,
machine loading/unloading,
material handling, deburring,
spray painting
HYDRAULIC
supplies fluid under pressure to a cylinder.

The pressurized fluid entering the
cylinder causes the cylinder to extent
or retract. This is used in about 45% of
the industrial robots in the market.
Payload: 22.7 – 56.7 kgs
Used in: material handling, press
loading/unloading, spot/arc welding,
die casting, spray painting
Disadvantages:most costly, messy (fluid
may leak)
PNEUMATIC
pressurized air is supplied through lines of

cylinder. This is the least expensive of
the three drive systems. There is a
limitation of the amount of pneumatic
power that can be converted to lifting
power.
Payload: 3 – 4.5 kgs
Used in: simple assembly, die casting
operations, material handling, machine
loading/unloading
Classification by Workspace
Geometry
Workspace – the volume of

space the end effector can
reach.
Geometry
reachable workspace – the volume of

space within which every point can
be reached by the end effector in
at least one orientation.
dextrous workspace ( universal
gripper) - the volume of space
within which every point can be
reached by the end effector in all
possible orientations.
Geometry
Cartesian Robot – has three mutually

perpendicular prismatic joint.
Cylindrical Robot – either the 1st or the 2nd
joint of a cartesian robot is replaced by
a revolute joint.
Spherical Robot – the 1st two joints are
made up of two intersecting revolute
joints and the 3rd is a prismatic joint.
Articulated Robot – all three joints are
revolute.
Classification by Motion
Characteristics
Planar Motion – if all the particles in

the body
Spherical Motion – if all the particles
in the body describe curves that
lie on concentric spheres.
Spatial Motion – if it cannot be
characterized as planar or
spherical motion.
EXAMINATION
MODE
QUESTION 1
A person working in the field of

robotics is called_____.
A. Roboticist
B. Electro-Mechanical Engineer
C. Scientist
D. Mechatronic Engineer
QUESTION 2
2. ______ defines a robotic

application in industrial field.
A. ISO 10248
B. ISO 11338
C. ISO 24378
D. ISO 21000
QUESTION 3
3. ______ is a robot designed to

resemble a human being
A. Humanoid
B. Android
C. Artificial Intelligence
D. ET
QUESTION 4
The first industrial Robot is the

__________.
A. LEGO System
B. KV-1000
C. Unimate
D. Julia Robots
QUESTION 5
5. _____is an engineer and

entrepreneur who is often
credited with being the "Father of
Robotics”
A. Isaac Asimov
B. Steven Covey
C. Karel Capek
D. Joseph Engelberger
QUESTION 6
6. ____is a kind of parallel

manipulator using an octahedral
assembly of struts. This platform
has six degrees of freedom (x, y,
z, pitch, roll, & yaw).
A. Actuator
B. NASA robotics Platform
C. ESET Platform
D. Stewart Platform
QUESTION 7
Who coined the term Artificial

Intelligence
A. Marvin Minsky
B. Isaac Asimov
C. Karel Capek
D. Carl Sagan
ANSWERS
QUESTION 1
A person working in the field of

robotics is called_____.
A. Roboticist
B. Electro-Mechanical Engineer
C. Scientist
D. Mechatronic Engineer
QUESTION 2
2. ______ defines a robotic

application in industrial field.
A. ISO 10248
B. ISO 11338
C. ISO 24378
D. ISO 21000
QUESTION 3
3. ______ is a robot designed to

resemble a human being
A. Humanoid
B. Android
C. Artificial Intelligence
D. ET
QUESTION 4
The first industrial Robot is the

__________.
A. LEGO System
B. KV-1000
C. Unimate
D. Julia Robots
QUESTION 5
5. _____is an engineer and entrepreneur

who is often credited with being the
"Father of Robotics”
A. Isaac Asimov
B. Steven Covey
C. Karel Capek
D. Joseph Engelberger
QUESTION 6
6. ____is a kind of parallel manipulator

using an octahedral assembly of
struts. This platform has six degrees of
freedom (x, y, z, pitch, roll, & yaw).
A. Actuator
B. NASA robotics Platform
C. ESET Platform
D. Stewart Platform
QUESTION 7
Who coined the term Artificial

Intelligence
A. Marvin Minsky
B. Isaac Asimov
C. Karel Capek
D. Carl Sagan

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INDUSTRIAL

CIRCUIT CONTROL DEVICES:

•By Sir John Ambrose Flemming

•By Lee De Forest in 1906

•By Henry Round in 1926

•Group of devices with four or

• a silicon diode exhibiting very

•Also called four layer diode

•a three-terminal four layer

•a two-terminal, bilateral, three-

•a bidirectional triode thyristor

•Similar construction of the SCR

•Does not belong to the thyristor

•A four layer pnpn device

•Shockley diode – unidirectional, without gate

•AUTOMATIC WELDING SYSTEM

• The welding electrode

• Squeeze time is about 1s.

• The welding transformer is

• Weld interval is finished but the

• The weld electrode is retracted

Time after release interval to the

A type of welding where the equipment is

A A type of welding which do not

A type of welding commonly used

•It resembles a small electric

•TORQUE SYNCHRO SYSTEM

•CONTROL SYNCHRO SYSTEM

•Prevent the rotor from

•Unit containing three delta –

•It increases the accuracy of the

uses a weak control signal to

The key words in this definition

•VELOCITY of the output is sensed

similar to the velocity and position

The tachometer of the velocity loop is

the science or the study of the

the “arm” of the robot. Made up

a specialized device that is use

the unit that supplies the power to

uses either AC or DC electric motors.

supplies fluid under pressure to a cylinder.

pressurized air is supplied through lines of

Workspace – the volume of

reachable workspace – the volume of

Cartesian Robot – has three mutually

Planar Motion – if all the particles in

A person working in the field of

2. ______ defines a robotic

3. ______ is a robot designed to

The first industrial Robot is the

5. _____is an engineer and

6. ____is a kind of parallel

Who coined the term Artificial

A person working in the field of

2. ______ defines a robotic

3. ______ is a robot designed to

The first industrial Robot is the