]E

r-rI
ttl
IT
1t
I -,4
It
I
t!
It
.lf
!

I1g
t.-I
Iu5!l
ryqtr
t!; l

ilql r

EJ
3s
nf
rF
lra r

lrJ
ry"
JT
IDT

Dql r
ururefuag)'puadapelels E susramodrlaql ile
(;1aers1q
'02
pue ssaurddeq rraql ile qtrqM uodn uopepunoJaql dlpar s1aldoadeqlJo qllBeqeql
(uo1p6 >1euz1) dnq louuer dauou leqt
e :;o elquderer€sl€lrotuaMl€I{l turssalqPuores
Eurssalq aql sl qlpaq IoJ:aruapsuor
'6I
poo8 e ol lxeu lI anle^ Pu€ '.PoDasprd '1t a'reqnod;r' pue :qll?eqrnod ol Ioo'I
(tsno.r41er*e1i)daqoar* ured:d1uo
saslurordeleru aM 1llopsrMpue ssauPuDl o1:srolroPJoPePeaqlsou eql sI ssauilI'BI
(s1ea;uqo().sno1d1anrrstu1137uru'dpq.:1u31Is!A€UosIaJnseeld./I
(pure4) '1a,r,r
Suraqlnq'r'a^rrc"8uraqdlaratulou sI aJI'I '9I

SiICNAI"IVHC 19
L pro*ir.,

xt to a good
:of; a blessing
IV Senseand Sensibilitv
Fppinessand

o Exercise1
A' Give definitions of your own so as
to explain what the following people
alarmist, daredevir,eccentric, are like:
foor, heretic,idearist,introvert, intruder, knave, riar,
miser,optimist,pessimist,racis;t,rascar,sadist,
,rrptir, ,i*preton, skinflint, snob.
Example An alarmrsfis a Personwho alarmsothers
I excessively
vrl or
vr for rrv
no good
I rgason. 'vr

B' Explain in your own words what

the following notions (feature/action)
absent-mindedness, mean:
altruism,ambition,arrogance,
avarice,embarrassment,fear,flattery,
hatred,
jeatousy,
rage,reluctanrr,
rrdrnrsr,scorn,
filllJi:frf*grief, stubbornness,
Example altruism - concernfor the needsand feelings
I of other peopleabove
I one'sown

o Exercise2
Fill in the gaps in the following sentences
with one of the adjectivesfrom the
affectionate,aggressive, list:
AmorAl,istute, dubious,i*puarri,-intrurirr,
reactionary,responsive, ' nairve,
negrectful,
scrupulous,selfish,unstable,witty.
I' one can'tbe oul ""'- abouthygiene
if one wantsto preventcatchingdiseases.
2. I remain ...... abouther real *otirr.,
in inviting u, orr.r.
3. Youwerentthat ...... asto believehis
excuse,,i...y.ri
4. He is a ...... old man.r.eady to objectto anykind of changejust out
5' He'sa " ' ' ' ' lecturer,ableto keepihe of spite.
attentionof the studentsdue to his sense
humour,too. of
6. He may be a goodprofessional, but he is quite . .. . . . of
7. He'sso ...... sometimesthat he really -- -his family.
frightens_..
8' He will not observeany rule of conduct]
h. i, t*tty
9' Youshouldrearnto be less...... and think
of theofhersaswen.
10. she is very ...... towardsher chirdren
without rosingauthorityover them.
is an ...... judgeof character and I trustf,., opi"ri*.
11. !h.
L2. Paparazziareunacceptably ...... journalists.
:
i
t
TFD snopln '1uor1ort'lqfitdn
'Surnronun 'pa$nun 'tlsej'SulXdwaX'alqqdacsns
'4so{
trLil' 'punos'snonsuor{1as'pa4uac-fias
's-nolqpas
'anlXsal'ayqo;ndsat
'7ouo17ot
'aqXocototd
il
' Jrlstssrtlou'snoullnut'alqopnol'snontpnf 2lquUJJ!' pldetXul3XuaXul'aloutpto
'snoln&atS'sn oltot3' p{la$'1owto{1QaBp1{'sno1t ota{'t14s1xotaIwotslp' ruap$lp
'ssafiunop'lo@ 'papalpr'l!^!) 't1sttt11poo1q'p{qsoq'Suqoaddo '{oop 'a1qo{{o
tql
ls11 uo (uraqtyo qrut roJ tuqt) sa,r;pa(puua,rlt SI arpJo surr(uouds erp puIC

g oslf,lsx3 0

'&un|cur{un'pawnopun' q)uno$'rqstdaaqs' s'snolXlp

XuolXua as'ssapuapt
'a4otnpqo1(dun[ ':'(&pa'pa8&op'aJnwop'ltouoqap'/(oc:urto.rnor( 3o satualuas
Jo IIu rsn utql'aell;o 1u1odrpueruas aql urorJ sauo a,rgluteupuu e,rp;sod
aolaq ua,rlt sa41ra(puaql epplp '(drussacaug) &uuo11rlp B Jo dlaq aqr qrtll

t aslf,Jox3r

aldoadSurlrnq3o alqedec'Iaa 'peq dlprotu 'o aplaprsuolut '91

elqeresltu,(ddequndrarr 'u tswn1t ,,I
auoduero SurqilueelarTaqo18u1pr*'ur '€I
paq)xartur
luatua-Bpnf rqslear puu poo8 Surr*oqsro Euneq 'l
/a4uoJ '71
gn -o )auzz lszzya2asssap Vz.wzz zz 9zzuays V
toSurduorvrlnoqllm s8u1qtldarre o1r(ddeq.f ansuaqatddo.I I
dddeq:seqauo tsr{ { rlllvr uorlreJsrles8u;1aey.l pary!ln'0I
1 :s8urlaa;s.aldoadJaglo lnoqe 3utrct lou 'q
d1p;arer 1rEurpuadspue dauoruSurrres'8 ilnp '6
prdnlst8urpuuls-rapun
augsmburg
w Mols J
uaddeqpr* '7
1n{ax1ds
'r{ts}Bqtpp4e :arqry eql q 'q$ lnoqesnoxu? 'e ,({ott '9
adeqsJo luaruelotuur InJe)er81ou.p pltalqs 's
srreJJB
qaldoad
pawnoqap',
dlenadsa'suoqsenbJo lol u {sB ol Eurpual .r
JnorleqeqleJourut tuvreq .q ,({1uqt.E
slue^|t^
auo a7Ey1n3 '7
ol spoqleu InJllalap ro ]rallpur Bursnur relep .B &uto&,koa '1
.uoyluueldxa1q6;r
4aql ql!^a sa^prafpueqr qtlu'll

g asllJaxSr

'acuasardJrer.Ilq uela " " " os sr eq /{ou pue rulq rfiods/aq1 '9I
'seeprpue suoqsaE8ns ,r^euol ...... uaeqsder*pqag 'vl
zhtde sr r{rrqm...... dleuolloua punoJuaaqs.aqs'€r

,SIICN!I'I1VHf,
 rv. SENSE
AryDSENSTBTLTTY
l . s h y - r.....,
2. imperturbable-
3. egocentric
- ...

7. seductive-
8. restless
b to get what
9 . m a n n e rl y - ......,. j .;.., ...... !
; 10. resolute
ll. standoffish_... ...,..r..r
paboutother 12.rtouchy_ !.....,
13. sociable- .,...., ......, ......
l 14. brave
h-unpleasant
15. savage- ......,

o Exercise6
[ghtless
v Identify'the fifteen pairs of antonyms
altruistic,Aware'carm,caring,crum'sy,
on the list of adjec tives:active,adroit,
ailuring,
fettingangry composed, corrup;,rourtrour, disreputabre,
roffendsb. frank, hesitant,hystericar, docire,
idle,ignorinr, insensitive, ,rriour, ,e1ractory,
resolute, resp ectabIe, r ude,sagicious, s repursive,reserved,
hent elfish,stupi i, vir; ;;;', :'

r Exercise7
A. Fill in the blanks in the sentences
below with a{jectives denoting human
I teristics derived from the nouns in capitars charac_
at the end of the sameline.
l. It is ...... to betraya friend who needs
your support.
rI HONOUR
Itelow into 2. He turnedout to be a very ......team
leader. ENERGY
fgf them in alwaysbeen...... of her eldersister.
1 ,Sle's ENVY
tre, poised, is a ...... supervisor who neverrushesus.
!. fe TACT
5' she is always...'.. about her chirdren
I evenwhen they are AN*IET'
sureto be OK.
6. Shetrainedherselfto be ......since
i her earlyyouth. CAUTION
7' The duke usedto be quite ...... with
t his subjectswho came MERcy
to hatehim.
8. Stalkersare . . .. .. in most cases,aren
Eistbelow: t they? TROUBLE
9. Only a highly ...... personcanwrite
deferential, fiction. IMAGINATION
I 0' His'''''' behaviour. lastnightbroughtthepartyinto disrepute.
bus, insub- SHAME
11.Are you ...... to join theihoir?
g,outgoing, wILr
is.anamazingly...... clerk_ look at his
vnd, stead- l? -H: files! METHOD
I 3' \A/asn t it rather... . . . of her to startteasingthe
ts winner of the- MISCHIEF
contest?
D 'snolrll'1uot1orr
'ryfipdn'Eutntonun 'pa1l{nnn'txsa1 '3u11dwal'alqqdacsns '1su{
,pat4uarfias
l'fi -poa$,punos,snotcsuoc-fias 'lbuotloJ'a4\otototd
'sno!flpas'aLlXsaJ'ayqo\tadsat
lzI ,3uto37no tllslsslJtou'snoutlnul'a\qopnoy 'snotctpnf'alqolltJl 'p1da4u1 '1ua1u1'elourpto
r -I t -qnsu,'snotto\atE'snonot7'pfia{'pwn{'tQa&p{'snonota{':u1st1o&a 'xuolstp'uap$lP
I lll 'Totluatepp 'ssayunop'Iooi 'papollor'IlhlrlQstttPpoo1q'1nfusoq'tuqoaddo 'pop 'a1qo[o
l'6 :lraolaqls11aql uo (ureqlJo tltua roJ aarql) sa,rlpafpuua,qt 9I aqlJo surr(uouds eqf PuId
s18
I
E aslf,Jax3 0
L'j
se
I
'Suttqcutdun'patrunopun' $' tlndaaqs'
qJuno Xuaquas'snolXlpas'ssa1lua1at
s's ,pasnd ,aplnpqo ,,(dwn[ ,t(&pa,pa&top'alnwap 'uouoqap'too zumornol.;o setuelues
I}
u! uaqlJo IIB asnutql'aal^;o 1u1odtpu8luas eql ulory seuoa,rputeuPuu a,r11lsod
5'f
olul ua,qt sa,qloa{peaql epp1p .({ressaraun) LreuolltfP o Jo dleq aqr qfuyt
l" ^aoleq
l-I
I
t asl)Jax3 |
IT
aldo'edSuqrnqSoalqeder'11^a 'Puqdlprotu 'o '91
axolaprsuoJu,
Bo alqeraslu (ddequn dral 'u ,kuryc 'V1
euoduero Eurqlr(ueeAaIIsqo1tuqpr*'u paqrpr& 'el
luaua8pnfJtls{eerpue poo8tuu*oqs ro Eurneq 1
Pcr 'qs puaJJoro douue 'lJnq ol erlsaPPuqun ue 8uu*oqs >1 ruauorzl
F*
drtue Surua8ro 8ur.,hror*lnoqllm s8ulqtldarre ol dddeq '( ausuaqatdda'11
uq,r
-rtaaeq:seqauo lutllv\t{ll,tr uollf,qslps tu11aa; 'l paTtrtvt'01
r?l
ssapq8noqt:s8uqaeJ s.aldoadJaqlo lnoqe tuuer lou 'tl unp '5
,(lpyarer 1rEurpuadspue dauotuEunes '8
El. p1dn1slSutPuulsraPun uI ,lrols J
aurysmburg

uaddeqpr'r 1n{aqds'1
'qrs lnoqusnouue 'a ,({on '9
luesealdun'qls leql p!?rJB:arnlryeql u1
rdeqsro luaualolu ur p;aoert lou 'P piLalqs 's
srIeJJEqaldoad paqrn0qap'v
raqlo lnoqedlegredsa'suotlsanbJo lol Ise Surpual 'r
e ol
t{utqt .E
Jnoll?qeq JeJotulul Euliteq 'q
'7
a1q171n8
slue..i auo
leqm 1aBol spoqlaru InJlleJaPro lf,arlpur Sutsn ut Jalell
'e Eutot,Goa'1
'uo11uue1dxa rleql qll,rr sa,rprafpuaql qtlulAl
1961.r

t oslf,JoxSI

'aruasardrlaql ul,fiaita""" os sI aq MouPueu4q t11odsdt,{I 'Et

'seeptpue suorlsaS8ns ,r{auol " " uaeq*(emp qaH '?I
"
dltd e sI qrlll^ """ d1euollouaPunoJuaaqs,aqs'€I

'S:IDN!I'ITVH3
" aI{J 'e I ..' ... esoqlaABr{
IAgO iasnoq ur uarplrqt tJolvlI ./
l J oo' z I AJVITW1H
^tu
'alrssardurs?MsrarxreJ...... esoql druarapaqJ '9
[nOJI 'II Jo
IIJVJISIIH :alua ol '..... raql€rtoop eql aprslnopoolsaqs .g
LuPrI '0I ,(Iseaallnb ur sn {oo} sproMJo esn ...... sIH .'
" raH '6 iIAIiIf,gd
ITSU 1l lradxa 1see1nor(uar{Mumopnod 1a1uer eq 1...... sr ofl .€
r JaH 'g
JNIIANI 'Pultu """ slq ol anPsuMuorle^ouureqJ 'z
?5IlV'L
. . . .. . os aq nod plnoqs,(.lfr,f .t
4ar{J'9
fiCNVHC ldpooru pue
'sqrearuory pa4Jep eq IIII sa,r;pa{puaq} eruB s;ql .4su1eluusaql oC .g
il slH 's
bBua
ruaH)vsuJ s€r{:ralseu srq o1 pdol aq louuef, eH '0t
lraH 'p 'lednugrdperueJ
soru
's IH '€ I.JIUOHINV 1nqpalradsale rurq apeurloor{f,ser.{}JeAoturp.r ...... slH '68
AIITISISNOdSf,U 'dn padsnoz(ueqr*....'. algnbarar*nodleql lurpe op lsealtV '8€
b * v'z 'aldoad""" ot dn qool *"^J:.:f ,LE
Is t H' t HIUOM
rpalu.ud IrufiW
dlalrul;apsrsrnolorSudU,{1^ tuexaaql ssedol1due11e:no;'9€,
l UI TIIJ ,t! .. . ... ool punos
WSVISNHJNiI ;nod are lnoqe l.uop no1 ' 9 €
E X3 o ippqr dpo
:nod spqs ,r(ur*,(uy ,... . '. efl ilJrrls 1eq1Buleqdots .tg
AHIVdI^IAS inor(pr*
dpuqnd qln.rl er{l
taH'0f .tr.IsflaoI^l Iealarperepoq.M. auo aql s€rvr I,punos deurl q8noql ...... .€€
taH'5r iIUNJNAACV 'a;llsnora8uep Mor{euosE p€alaldoad...... .Z€,
tqs 's; iIDNgAiIU " 'illts asJom'pueSuvr.r8roJun sr eH 'Ig
rnod .. . . ' .-Jer{}our o} eueqs e EII .0€
{s' i u A)NVITiIU late le os eq
+IJ iIf,ViId 'suosrad "' ... ,(1-rpg ares-rnoqq8rau r*eu JnO .62
HI ' 9C AJruNTVW ;r'roudn alr8 ol nod;o" " " alrnbuaas{eu ll {uq,l nor(1,uoq .g7
lrY.SZ
iAJesJaAruue
tY"t ; ,sr ..' ... .
AJNC ,sluaredslq lnoqe uallo8ro; seq er{ aq q8noql uos V LZ
|Ar"€; 'u/vloraq Jo ualplql
lH; r UAHIOW ou seq aqs lnq """ os eg UEJar{s- rar{ roy d.lros f,11eetw;.97
DI',tr;
UgdWiII 3uraq,(q turqilue e^los lgo/vt nol isasroq .rnod p1o11.97
l{'ffi .pue urc8e . ' .. . . ueaq e{noi .?Z
!H '5I NOIJNiIIJV 1lurodaql pessnunor( 'asrnor;o
iICIUd 'slFser puoqdarxa srrosJraqlJo .'....dral are lr"qL.eZ
trI TI
uoutroH :rallereql "'"' req gllm dn lnd no,( uw MoH .ZZ
|I- -r
f l' er 'lr op auoauos a^er{
qf,,s; iI)IJCVUd lsnr,uJ - nJr(I.u Surxryol saruof,lr uar{M ..'...,(1.ra11n weI.lZ
unocuv 'erseueqlneJo alp)o^pu...'..ue olur peuJnlseqaqs '02
H} ;
.Itruq
s, 'f:
fy :: JNVUAJ lqSno; pue apnlrile """ slq puels l,uplnor,(lpnluarra daqg '61
!I -r: -IVgZ 'are saadoldrue 1vreu3q1 ......1v\orlaesI uar{Mll aTI I .gI
JHDNOHJ (pure; eloqa aql parrer.r8 uon€r)unuer ......rnotr ./I
II T T
f,6 af,vu9 'lods aql uo Jaq ol e{el sn apetu sJeuueru"...'JeH '9I
t NOSVgU 'pilql e a{rTuooru aql roJ Eurd;r dols pue ... ... eq o1,(r1 'g1
DT JdWIIJNOC dpul plo ...:..r(gryreal e selvrssalunoraqJ .rI

SADN:I'I'IVHC
 IV. SENSEAND SENSIBILITY

and speakup in front of.theboard no matter ASSERT

9. believeit? CORRUPT
I0.
QUARREL
ll. FLIP
t2. OBSERVE
13. PERSUADE
14. REPROACH
15. KNOW
16. TRUST
17 . SUPPORT
18. LEARN
19. CONTAIN
20. DEPEND
21. PREDICT
22. PRETEND
23. REPENT
24. DISRUPT
25. SATISFY
26. always happy and GO

27. chatterbox. TALK

28. DISTRACT
29. STAND
30. STRIKE

r Exercise8
[vI Fill in the blanks with nouns denoting human traits derived from the adjectives
printed in capitals.
l. His proverbial...... is contemptible. MEAN
2. A sageis a man of remarkable ...... . WISE
3. His ...... madehim fall behindwith his work and he missedpro- IDLE
motion.
4. Her boy-friend's...... finally determinedher to break off their CONSTANT
engagement.
5. His pretenceof ... . . . just couldnt fool us anymore. SOBER
6' Their ... ... to the newcomersmadethem feelimmediatelyat ease.FRIENDLy
7. At leasthe had the ...... to apologise for the damagedone. DECENT
8. Her acute... ... to criticismborderson paranoia. SENSITIVE
9. Her ...... madeher shrinkfrom societyandleadthelife of a recluse.LONE
10.I cant helpwonderingat your unexpected. .. ... in this case. PASSIVE
I l. I foundthe ...... of the youngmembersunbelievable. DocILE
12.Dont counton his ...... asyou maybe in for a big surprise. PATIENT
13.The ...... of his decisionis praiseworthy. FAIR
 'ssalun
wou <Surpoal
'rlstldwotto
taql qII I { ' g

l-rqtnoql
os puadg -
I nor(puu
eUr rnOr( 1:ed'..gI.'.opr(aql,qgnoqtp.,fir,111xeprrs,(qdpto^Epu'sserlsruo,;...t1...;]:Tjr:
tufur-rq 'paradural'p'qpued,{r "'gt "'
eq,(eur,(aql,prrrrruor srdlqeuosrad
p Eurql 'sace, rlaqt ,, ...2t... sv
ed-radns '(uoq pue sesoutuol 'speaqqsrt'rus arreqdlpnsn qaora ulqr ,rBJ :ruJlossnw
'uoalodep 'ora61'a1dur€xa JoJ" " t i" l't{'ols 'iloqs aql pue
Ir sr IJaM pue dnor8sFIl ' '0I"' p3 uauo spu*ugr3 .tuqoor Jouaaq osr' a^er{srorelJrp dueur
'€"' pH ffiil; passardap ...6... euof,eq
,(aq1pue aSueqr,(1uap_pns ,(etu..1r.i. ,",{r ,sua,,oJlxa_
PJU^Iuo ut 'q8noqt1v raDeJtaSrbqt raplo irrorgdaqt FJraaqrarealdoadeseql..../...
rtu dolg - se pue a8ura,re.:.9... rauoqs eq ...9...
dno'' rsrrJaql u1a1doa6'urql pu' ol
IIel er' oq^{ asoql pu' IBJpu' lrorrs ere oq^nasoql
ryuue{l :sad'bo^4'rol.,' aldoad"'v"','ryo ,rigol0qrrsa
I nor( ol sr Jelf,sJer'rJ 100i,trqr,tri, aql ql${ ...€,...Moqe.oos
s.uosrad e leql "'2"' ol pe!4 a^uqsJar{f,r?eseJ .serun
"'e)IUJ - oBarueiebdde"'I "' pue,fi[uuor-r"dr"qt lno ur uaag :aq1ago1
pa^alJaq .eurf,rpeu
wnoA ssrssy Jo JaqlBJ aql .sale'oddrg
.r{uo p.ro.n
IE' q III{'V auo qtpr dut qcua q
IIIS

rx'f,u ol {ssl 6 ss!f,Jex3 |

trel B sI aJeH
,(fouvMO)
snougNgD '0€
[f,Jax3 o '67
Ig[uf,sIo
'82
!rugAas
de,r relrurrs 'LZ
JNVuiIIOJ
[ "' 0 I " ' J o IIJVNIJSgO '92
r esoql roJ '92
ney qaldoad
TdV
blaaap d1p fVIJUVdhII 'nz
$:adse pw 'nol '€,2
JNgCNUd
vreyrno,( ul
IAIJSAISO 'zz
rrorssardxr JNgUAAiISUAd 'IZ
g nor{*rog SNOIJIghtV '02
al IIEe,trT '6t
SNOIAI"IBO
ngar e,(u,n '8I
f,IJNVCgd
req a1doa4 .LI
rrtf u! rul gAIJVTIIS tuoure ....,. s,uery[q] eql dolarrap
ol pasoddns '9I
gAIJf,V .tq8Ja,r,r
tJexS o aJoruuo gqpnd nor(ul
lFsal Jl '9I
JNVUONCI ;no,( l,uop ,fi1pgdn1suuql elquqrda:ou 'vr
sssNsrlvHi
0t
 IV. SENSE:ANDSENSIBILITY 7l

lNr
i
r Exercise10
I
bE Fill in the gapswith words derived from those given at the end of eachline.
F Peoplehavefor a long time held the ...1... that the faceis in some BELIEVE
firc waya reflectionof personality. Thereis nothingmagicor . ..2... about MysrERy
P*.
DUS
it we all havedifferent . . .3. .. and thereforeou( appearanceis unique. CHARACTER
Howyou feelaboutyourselfalsohasa directinfluenceon your ...4... FACE
expression. If, for example,you havea lot of self-...5...,this will show CONFIDENT
funrr.rr
in yourface.Fromancienttimes,this ...6... betweenparticularfeatures CQNNECT
[vn

r^'
Fr andaspects ofpersonalitywas made,anda...2... studyoftherelation- sysrEM
shipdevelopedandbecameknown asphysiognomy.It hasprovedthat
people'sfaces...8... reflectpeople'scharacters. ACCURATE
l. For thosewho dont find the idea ...9...,Iet us takethe example coNVINcE
i
of ...10... twins,.whodo not only,look alike but alsobehavein a IDENTITY
FTE
tr{r
l
similarway.
I

tr
bus
r Exercise11
r
PL" Here is a text in three parts called Helpful Tipsifor eachpart you will havea different
t task to accomplish.
I
A. Fill in eachgap with one word only.
AssessYourself
- Take...1... of your life'sgoals,howyou spendyour time, what is reallyimportant
to you and to your loved ones.Concentrateon what is reallyworth being ...2...
types: than what is worth having.
grouP - Stopmeasuringyour life in quantities* numberof clients,numberof committees
" on which you serve,nurnberof accomplishments. Think more in terms of quality.
Rid ...3... of trivial obligations.
Youwill probablyfind thatdoinga fewthingsreally
well is more enhancingthan doing a lot ...4... effectively.Give up trying to be a
oleon, suPerPersonwho, . . .5.. . a demandingcareer,insistson retainingcontrolof every-
thing at home,entertaininglavishly,participating...6... community affairsand
bringing up perfectchildren.This can be done onl;rat the ...7.., of your health,
your marriageand your children. At hgme and at work, decidewhat it is that you
and you alone...8... do, and delegatethe other responsibilities.
- Spendsometime ...9... with yourself.Attend a concert,visit a museum,read a
thought-provokingbook. Or ...10... sit quietlyand contemplatethe sky.

B. Fill in the gapswith one of the words from the list; there are five words too many:
accomplish, against,alongside,bear,calm,clutter,deadlines, inducing,listener,mis-
leading,narrowly,practise,precisely,reason,relieve,restful,rush,sentences,
undesirable,
unless.
F nol .t ,sa8ueqr
rrPun .g aruldaq1r,
{..tt .s
T;:#H]
il#ffi ;#:i",r,T',,,f
:#il".,,
hrpt ',
rra^a .E
ilJo .z
H
, J . ; ; ; ;' , i l ; f f i : : : i i o 8 1 q e q cn sa u r o c- .slsa llu e Je JJIp
NOI .I
::Y:n"t' r'rq,
l"l:" rrro=o,o,,"rn rr',r,
I1.:_t' r'"',ffi"1,:lj1[T|t;
F rJagl st .',ePuv erunor uos ed't leq'vrlllurrsuq
4FV'xar #3';llfil*iTj:Yry ';i;;;"," tr-ltr q"'-l":to3o
uo u^opguprnrlo
IruIIerIJ rlf,ua
roJsluerrlddu
i; ,n*
ou,i,ii,,ffiill,'ilHr
rt^"-T

Ex3 r it#;j,:f,,,iT;d
^roJrqxal3q, ul spro.&rpauJlrapunarll
aru sraasuuesoqir
suolpanb
1sy
urograd z|, ssl)rox3r
aldoad i(q nol leg r
6l[arul -enr
Is,,q^,n
offi rreler
urrnoruodr
FAN
;lTiT,iT,T:f :
eqlaru,iru;;ilillladuro*n,r"r*, lJurpue'nol'(ouue suortr
elPuur
| 'a,lPt{
j:il#',r"*
o,l-t:l;*rrtr",rlr."
,nqqtrn."ra,,ou;li'j::,"J,;;;uJoil,"rryj;fid:ili"ffi1'J
3lasrnolr
pue ur1r11
trur s! 'sreqro
:::Y:'? "lt'aldoad*rrlri*ri".]
qrl't lra"lr
spualrl
.;;ljllt'
p1^
j,?J$lJJftf"uroJ"" av'r^r
rv
qrr!"l
::-'.rr: ,tp,offi
tt.qt,rpnouJ, *.t"_',"r",9aan,*;'"'
d.r,
lJuo1r,ra
tlqs:rJnrpl
4tua
ilin;, l.uoc.saplf,nu
.leultteri rnors^1Lr"r"J
sle,nle
;.iiltt"l ol anulluorlsnu nol
,noqntut.ll"roo,
uuro relre^{itJrr,';, ,urur1 "qi "ia.""i qll,ull)uluof,pto^v
?nJ1 nol ;*J;;Jed
"",.i:li
padulrpn ,, tJf,ns uI 'lualslssedoqstdnrqe
d-lo ':f", sranEu,"^Url r3 ratuu
,nor( lsJerra
lrnu 1.uog
Exa :iaoJaqr*r_ru,ur(rrelnquroa ."r_*"H]T#iJ,:
€uspaa,
q 'uolsuel"'9I.. ffi"Hrj"f _H ;
lno erpls.leqr _
!r ol 1 {le^Au rgJo6 .*ropurueul
Ir
D
*,:n ;Tr*Jilfl
:"1 '; l;; ;;
;;;ii,-
":="^
;:#Ti#ji#J'iffi
,:1::iylre ro

T i: uii'"
t ;I Ti#nft,,r",n', ffi,il?,:fi[ ;;::;;
f i,I#.:'."1{::,x]
aslr3erd
' "'0I:" ,1rqi
b"r,r*"i;1"":r'# J-oSortnttuef,uof,
f
.arr' *i,.r rq; ;;r"o
rup dors-
f rnorunp'if,jjr1.:T^T:I,;rf r,*7Jt"'u'dnrrarur
t ;, suturou*vi
i.ql_+','",iui
rr uea^,rraq "i';liff;Fin r,to";l'
rq...s...,r.,,,,,,,u",],1:1,::1,,,:",rJffill:il.r#;;;*#;::,1j"
run ",;,'::,:,:::1"'
'a,roJ 'uolrusra^uo, d1 "r"' r.uoq
nol euoeruos r;;';;;;"i-,?f;:ol -
':,:i"**";il*,{lilff
rr

r ro",f;#J,,r,,',,;;'l'"r',*,;lHilr!,;li"#:li.$,di"
;; qs,
e,i\,.1#;
#:ri,j;1,.1"i..,," [ffit
ru ylasrnol a^paT _
ult4op ntog
sssr.rarrE5
CL
 IV. SENSE'ANDSENSIBILITY

will alwaysdo thingsin the samemanner.Anotherthing thesetestsassumeis that people

or . . . 1. . . who areorganisedin their privateliveswill be organisedin their workplace.Clearly,this
xious. maynot be the case,but that personwhosetestresultssaythat theyarehardworkingand
1...doing honestwill appearvery attractiveto the employer.
you love.

-. ' s ' . . by o Exercise13

:n ll and
Someadverbs,conjunctions and prepositionshavebeenremovedffom the text below.
your day Fill in the gapswith the right ones.
tra sleep. What is the relationshipbetweenwisdomand intelligence? Anyonecan seethey'renot
il ... 1 1 . . . , thesameby thenumberof peoplewho aresmart,but ... I . .. verywise.And yet intelligence
that is of and wisdom do seemrelated.How? What is wisdom?I'd sayit's knowing what to do in
$ slowly, a lot of situations.I'm not trying to make a deeppoint here ...2... the true natureof
justtofigure...3...
w i sdo m, howtou s e t h is wo rd . A wis e p e rs o n is s o me o n e wh o . . . 4. . .
stareout knowsthe right thing to do.
And ...S... isnt being smart alsoknowing what to do in certainsituations? For
example, knowingwhat to do when teacherstell their elementaryschoolclassto add the
rt below.
numbers. ..6... I to 100?Somesaywisdomand intelligence apply...7... differenttypes
of problems- wisdomto humanproblemsandintelligenceto abstractones.But that isnt
true. Somewisdom has nothing to do with people:for example,the wisdom of the
iter or an engineerwho knowscertainstructuresare ...8... proneto failurethan others.And cer-
tainlysmartpeoplecanfind cleversolutionsto humanproblemsas...9... asabstractones.
nslythose Anotherpopularexplanationis thatwisdomcomesfrom experience. . . 10. . . intelligence
ly of your is innate.But peoplearenot simplywisein proportionto how ... 11...experience they
have.Other thingsmust contributeto wisdom ...I2... experience, and somemay be
muchbut
innate:a reflectivedisposition,for example.
Neitherof the conventionalexplanations. . . 13.. . the differencebetweenwisdomand
ty are the
intelligence standsup ...14...scrutiny.Sowhatis the difference? ...15...we look at how
hat situa-
peopleuse the words wise and smart,what they seemto meanis different shapesof
bf.
performance.

I Exercise14
The lines of the text below have been jumbled. Arrange them and re-build the original
l for each text. Afterwards divide it into its three logical paragraphs (a, b, c). Lines I and 13 are
of people in their right position.
to know
L Your valuesarepart of you. You may value family, friendship,independence,success,money,etc.
estswhen
2. of your valuesconflict For example,you may be invited to a party on Saturdaynight, but you alsohave
rmployer. 3. evenif no one is there to remind you. When you act on your values,you let other peopleknow and
rn 50.000 4. television,radio,and magazines) all influenceyou. And, asyou grow up, you will alsohaveexperiences
5. They arereallyimportant,and they influenceyour decisionsand your behaviour.For example,if you
changein 6. understandthe kind of personyou are.You learn your valuesfrom your family. For example,some
: changes, 7. you think is important aswell. Your friends, teachersand other adults,aswell as the media (movies,
o ruqt '8 uBf,af,Jo IC 'd1at:ospaluarro-a1dnof, € ruo{ JJornr IaaJsluareda18urg".sauroq u^{roJraqrq srauosud .69
rl pue 'l a^Illlppe aql lou uuql ueuo aJoW"'plJo,
IeaJeql ul a{I qf,nru(suollouraluasardarpuu sdlqsuo11",1t,.67
D sltl'e lou aJ?no'( >1u1qr no,( uaqrvruaAa'uauo rLran'arrno1aruld e pue JaaJBf, .uorlef,nparno,( su qrns .no/ .g7
.p olul sJauolsuad ueur uJnl ol aurquot osp auole1noguro8goJ€aJpuu
Plnor fi111qes1p ,sseulll.spuerJJ pug .42
) )eql .2 sa$rutJ 'rleql luo{ palBloslaq 'luetuaJllal uo eaJe
'(eru lvreu B ol aloru oq/vrasoql,(pu1nr11.rud ,ajdoad .9f
I lou 'q ru;oJ'sqofurc8'sradeldJaqloqlla,(pra:rp asJaluof,ol alquaru
sluednrlrudaurluortq"r"q .i7
L1.rap1g 'auouappnsB uaaqs?qraqlou punoqasnoqol
r aql '3 aJIABurrros,ruo4 uorlrsuerlar{l dlercadsa .77
paJJBlBql suolslf,ap JoJ,brtrqrsuodsa.r JI
alayduror a^eq .,(pnjuarrg .aJrlrnod
uoP urPJq
IIe IIr^,rnor( .r, ,,rorrrr"p .g7
'IuslleeJ..palelnuls', eJo uolleJaua8aql ol pal ser{sauet aurluouqll,r,t
1.ra*dolarrrpprrgolouqral .77
re[aq tou luupodrutr(1pa:aql lo; alqrsuodsar dlSurseanurJruof,agpm nor(taplo,,vror8 nor(-sy.rrrrrn, ,o; .i7
u.reldxao1 aqJ 'plroM lear eql qll lBaPol s[pfs pue
^ leuosradralul acualaduo] Jelf,osaq] {rel sraadrlaql qll^{ .02
t?f,sa0 sdlqspuarrJ;op?a$'' s:alndruol r{ll { ..sdl.Ispu"rrJ,r.ror1reJq,ruroJor1 uaJpJrql
l'ril pasrcrueaqe^pq .6I
t sletupul 'uoJssa:dap pu, ssaurlauoJ ol elgeraulnal1ru1n:rgud.en atgJepun^ueJpJlqrqlpr auoq
satuelJsrnol ra11aqaql '11Sulqrearroy sueldrno,( pue rB sraqtou .gI
F alqe^ral leot rno,( Burugap ;; ;;, nod rgrcadsaro.., ./I
suJaf,uo3dlrluaprpuosradqpnpr rpurue;o luarudolalap,ql gurrap.rrq "q;saruarradxa
p uo a^eq pl;o6 IBar .9I
aql 'po8 rno'( pre^uo1ssarEordaJnseatuo1,fume pug pue a{ue{ arup
S,(qd aqt e;las.rnor(aa€ o1paaunor( .g1
8unotrd1auo1 aq o1d1aT1 lsualaql er?srer pue sqo(qti^ ur- perrr'ru pa8u-alpprprJ .rI
E AqJ rsrr le lsoru
puu sllDJspuosradralul;o luaudola aPaql uo lredtut a8nqe s'r{
rurouaqd plro,* JBeraqr ulqlpr sdrqsuorlelar.gy
p:rs'(qd3o{rel aqJ'areds pue aullJo sasuas parodror pue 1u:isr(qiaqllo ssoipu' saruarradxa.7y
ql sPlor{ padoldtuaunaql Puepal|opl/'r aql 'luared a13ursaql
(lnJssaf,trns 'tuno,( arll .d1.rap1a aql uaruorvr'wyrr - d1auo1 are .I I
DslooqJs aq ot JaPJou1 '(qaa,r'r.rosr(ep) ural-1.roqs ,(s.rea,(
luo8 E Jo ro sqluoru)FoB *r"t-g,rof n .oi
ualqo-rd PIroT IuaJurd'tJuotpauuorslp e ol spualsaltquaprplron lunurl asaqlBurldopy .sluedpnrud rg"qi "q .;
p;
aPun Plnol ll 'a^elqf,?ol luElt no,(luql EurqFuos saultuaprpo8 y 'op ol e{ll p.,bqt teql sSult{l,o ,rg.rnq, .g
D "" € " . uoqepdod eql Jo luaf,rad97,(lapturxordde'aurzoSoylJ sau41topung ,,7.1'ro3'p"uorr.,-*o, dlprcads .1
lo'qrns llod e o1tulpro,y 'p^^orf,B ul lsol aJBllrls sraroopu' * p^{rrorf, E rnoqlra lsor a," sreroo.spuar{ .9
sPIJo''lr
FnUIA snoue^ er{l ultllllt saluauadxaq8norql ,(pnououolne dola,rappuu rfirluaprplJo6 .g
ud arotu
ol q[ p,bq1 s8ulql 'auopaABg,bqrs8'gql lnoquguqurql /q spog;"gil IBaJaql
r1aoa4 .po8:1aql a^erq]B .?
lnrlued uorJ/puapuadapur alerado(erparu
r-tq^t IPlflP reqto pue sgulrsoda8edqarvr ,s8olqar*Buoure.saru1ljer8ord.g
o1uuld e a{elu
rI Pu!I\ '(1pJareruaql pue luen,bql leqr* d11rexal^ou>l ol aleq osp ,bqt tnq .Bur4ro^preq .7
o/vuJo auo qll/vr are aldoad aruos 'aluq ,(1pn1re,bql slreluof,
nsa:ord '(ddeq I€rf,ospuu ,(purey.spuar, Jo .I
aJBpue'bmqe leJnleu3 aAEI{deu ,(aq1 a:e aldoada.uo"rtqrtrpeJapuoararlanod aAeH .f,
elnJsselons
ldar-rad Jequnu aql Jo a^llledsarrr{1auo1ag uBJauo,(ue- rood pue r{JlJ,pauJur.u
pue alturs ,gunor(pue pto .q
ryPuIIr lBr{l uI 'qall aql uo lslxa lBql lllluaPl qrasne suorlulsaJrueru
Jo leuorlrppu)sarlluapr aldppou .u
rrl sIF irapro purtl.ro eql padsar sau[ aql
: IaqI Jo rsar aqr rruoreq ua,rlt aru r'rll
satuelues lsrlJ arll gtl,u tup.ruls ueql punq-au .palqurnf
uaeq eaerl _ (r) suo;s;rap
I fqtH 6q4uur uo auo puu (q) ssautauor uo auo'1u; rlpuair puores
uo auo - sxel aerqr
)xJ r
g l ssl)rax3 r
-9t
-ss oslnq'no,(ol luesodrur
srspuar{rno,(qtrprun;gunug.pa(qns
-'f r"rXTl;;l#THff
}sa{Be.& .:i
leqrvrsadeqs dep e pau auo lseallE arur{ssraqruau Jlaqr
'€€ '!a'og
laurcluof a8eqre8e ut radedaNB^'Jal{lo pue radderrrrr(puu: Jo ll? luqr luulrodur lr IaaJsernru€J.I I
ini nr^ no,( ,luauruorr^uau?alf e anp^ .0I
ZE nod o1lueilodtut aJo(usI anle^ Illllllr auluJalap ol aler{ nor(,ase:
-It srql uI .a8eraae sr .6
rnor( dn gurdaa>1
aJou ro o^tl uel{'rv\
uollBn}Ise ur;lasrnor(pug'no,( satupetuos'luegodur
ri r1.r;qlno,(leqr* aEuuqrluql .g

saSNg'I'M3
vt
 rv.stNsnaNrisrNsrBrlrry
'more 31.
you ;:ffi,ffi i:h::$#:i|ffiJ:T::::i1'-,1:1ll1""*timedeve,opingtheir,".;
ner
hat
32.
r"ffi
33. tkTg^u decision,you
34. unsatisfactoru
'ff,ff::ff#:i:i':i
:T:i""';,'":jT:ff:j:Ti*ji.r:li::ff
may in fact u" *ur.Lgl:'^":"]-T"t
the companionshipof even
fol example,if you do not
the most
v

m arriageas,'
a"..i"o" ec nf
of co _r--r - :r.te'
urse,i"lr,
-^,,-^^
vote anyone
anvonefor
fnr rh,
the president
ut so 35. Ll;r,r:r3.^,:ry
gameratherthantheir.;;;i;"rld"'*,o r*"a.
fv rsuwcq

:,':1T,1"
36. of your studentcouncil'you one.
havea."-t-aJi"'r"t otherpeople
choosewho wilr be president.

r Exercise16
on making Eight sentencesor fragments
t sentences of sentenceshave been removed
text below.from the
;Tlff ffi";l,Hiirfi'"'l"',':fi
j;c",;:;;:;,",iL"J*n,.nao,,oii"rJog,
Mind is theaspectofintellect
andconsciousness experienced
t perception'memory'emotion' ascombinations of thought,
will, andimagination,ir.tuli.rg
Processes. The term is often usedto refer,-...t..., an unconscious cognitive
T)
Mind manifestsitselfsubjectivery to rt.ifrr"gfrt processes
of reason.
nto u, u ,o.u,,' of consciousness.
which attributesmakeup the
ly from minJ is muchdebated.so-.
particularryJeasonand pry.t orogistsargue. . .2.. .
te to memory. In this view the emotions_ ,
moreprimitive or subjective rove,hate,fear,joy _ are
ral worlds in natureand should u. ,..rr-u,
qrch' others argue different from the mind as
|l, rhat variou, .uuo*t and emotio;;i-;;;.,
tion '-'3"', and shouldthereforebe considered cannot be so separared,
part of what we ca, the
lcould understanding the rerationship mind.
u.t*..n the brain urraln.
d world problem both phirosophically mind is a charenging
urra ,.i.rrtificaily. There u..
cessful, cchoolcofthoughtconcerning ir,r.. major philosophicar
the answer:dualism,
loyed bolds that and idearism.Duarism
"'4"'; materialismholds that mentarphenomena -ut.riulir_,
d p'henomena are identicarto neural
and idealismhordstharorrty
b and *..,rut phenomenaexist.
Themoststraightforwardscientific
g .id.rr.. trr"t tr,.r.l, ui,ro.rg
the physicalbrain matter relationshipbetween
he and the mind is imnact
haveon the mind' piyo."r arterationsto the brain
ls Lre
".5... . Throughmost ofhistory
civable that beliefs .6. . manrphirosophers found it incon_
hances '- ' ' Somelosit that the arug--irrd
mimate connectionbetween i'i.ru.rion is indicativeof an
0D' the brain and the mind, ...7
Descartes' ... .
ndships who thoughtextensively uiou, mind-brainrelationships,
The M explainreflexesand other found it possible
simple L.t uuiou., in mechanisti
f atcomprex
thought,^.
..s._:.""rabeexphi;r',iffillTH:1il:lf
m, ffi : iiil::h "'
Et
rhrly
a- the mind existsindependently
of the brain
b. not that the two arethe
sameentity
nilies c that they areof the same
natureani origin
bto d couldbe implementedby
a physicarcognitionsubstance
Inot tt t: a privatesphereto which suchasbrain tissue
:r and no one but the ownerhas
fictive languagein particular access
Ge can g' that only the higherinte'ectual
functionsconstitutemind
s JossaJ$rP
(ypuoua4
zdap'auttap
ra,rrt sq.ra,r
Jsunou gI

fJexS t
'turdolarrapaq o1d1a1u lsorusl l[n8 ro; dlneder aql
taqroueEur.rnp:dlprderarou sa8ueqr" 'g I "' aSen8uel ,aldurexa roJ,pouadauoBuunq
Xuolvtqlll\.
'lua^elelueuuoJr^ueJoaddl relnrq-redu ol a^rlrsueseJolusl
suosrad61 Fnpl^lpq ue uar{Msporrad
oqd aldturs ere aseql 'luaudolarrap,bqeuosradur lsxa spor-rad F)rlrJJ leqt a alaq qsfoloqc,(sd
p eql ueql dueprJ'suaddeqlr uer{/vr uo Surpuadappasa "'vl"' ;o ralear8e seq prql Burdola,rap
e ol suaddeqleqm 'dllpataqJo sef,uanuuaql ot uoqrppeu1 dtelrparaqued ul osle arp
PalBrtrosse
"'gI "'Jo sruJoJar.uos :lueueraduralpue aruatfilaluraJe,furparaq,(q peurur.ralap
dpred
1"'erqoqd
ryo reeJaql lsealte aq ol UMotnIeJBlur{l srrlslJa})eregrdt$euosradaqt Euouy .qillq pup/rueu8ard
'ro prdnls Jo suonrpuotruoJJllnser ro pe}rrJqurlaqlle ere tsql "'7,1" 'Jo asruf,eqdpprrr,rraJJrp
"'auof,eq slueJur'a8elsaqruaeql uolC 'rbueuosrad uroJ ol ...I I... luauuoJrlua pue d1rpera11
4 srrqoqd :ntal ol d1ay1ssalsr lr ,paqsrund;rlsrncarJnorleqaq
lP salf,rr{a^ ""0I"'3f iacuanbesuotsll dq r(1a8re1 paunuralepsBJnorlerlequurrrnqsaasJeuuDrS
)Jo real sl '8uturea1uo srseqdua"'6"'sareld tauuDfs g.g lsrSoloqrdsduerlJaruv ar{} sE r{)ns
{EruruPse sJa>luFlldq paluasardat1t'ravr.sIqI 'usuno$eqeq ruorJpalrJap sr dlrpuos.redyo droaql
5'serqoqd Plluen}ul raqlouv 'saAlesueqlilasseol ' ' '8 ' ' ' daql 'sanlrppue saslndurrasaqlJo aJe.&u
p srrcdrur tou sruosJede qSnoqrlvrnohEqaqsJrosrad e;o ged 1uar8e lfalrp sessarord...1,...lEql
l:a^el|oq pe ellSqpnard ' '''g''' sn{pus pnarc puntuSrS3o droaqt rrilpuuoqrr(sdaql sr suralsrk
ryd auo5 IetrleJoaql pquenuw lsolu eql Jo auo 'rnol^eqaq ur uoqelsaJrueupue ,luaurdola,rap
|) 'uoqeu 'uoqezrueS.ro slr lnoqe aa.rtesrppue dlueuosrad;ospadseluaraJJrp...g... slsrroaql
eq "'1"' 'saf,uElstunJtrJlueJaJJrP
JePun
EUE srqJ lJeal Jo Ire ilt,lruosrade ,vroqlnoqe "'7"'sartdurrdl[euosred.sluaualeesaq]...€'..
Dll teql uI leql suolllsodsrpaql :eqleJ'sr qrrqal'rbueuos:ad e alqrlsuof,lou op r,{f,nssetnorlur{aq
lmu,uorp pue 'uollotue '1q8noq1'aldoedraqlo luo{ raq ro urq qsrn8uqslp}Erll sf,rlsrrepereqf,
r'aldurexa aql'uosred e lnoqe "'2"'sr qrrqu leql ol sra;arr(qensndl[euosrad xnorlerleqpuu
trurEal aq 'turlaa; 'lq8noql;o suregedSuunpua,(1a,u1e1ar aJBos pue ...1... dldaapsr ,!ileuosra6
tr aql Pu?
'salqorlot,anbtun
L'raJa_lFns _
'atuapun'snonsuotun'aapls'4to1s'papnnat'sasuodsat,Ewtaat,t(BolotqlodoqlGd,,eawttd
'tap:osrp
'ft1yqoLt1patd ,uanoyo{,tbuo4tadxa
'nssa1'pata\ut,pauptfiut ,ansoqdwa ,/buarytsuoc,&iltq7
D E sPeel
:dueurool sproraaalJeru ereqUlsll eql uorJ sprorraeql Jo euo rnlra sdut aq1q
I ,rr!,tp:e III{
3! Efqor{d
q:aasar z t osl)Jox3r
F u-rmr
asn Enrp artqreoqrdsd pue d:n(ur ureJq Jrletune4 qlrlr se qf,ns '{
raxS r sldaruor uJoJ a/v\uaqm sB .uorleruJoJuryo uoqepdru€u
FrqaJaf, aql 'I
uollurfldur r(q 'q
 IV. SENSEAND SENSIBILITY 77

o Exercise18
Fill in the gaps with words derived from the words in capitals at the end of the
respectivelines.
Phobiais an intenseand persistentfearof a . .. I ... object,situationor SPECIFY
activity.Because of this extreme,. . .2.. . fear,the phobicpersonoften RATION
too many:.
leadsa constrictedlife. R phobia is classifiedas a type of anxiety
dictability,
disorder,sinceanxiety is the chief symptomexperiencedby the
s,underlie,
sufferer.The anxietyis ...3... out of proportionto the realsituation, TYPE
andthevictim is awarethatthe fearis ...4.... Phobiasarethoughtto GROUND
[t, feeling, be learnedemotionalresponses. An excessive ...5... fearof water,for REASON
prson, the example,maybebasedon a forgottenchildhood experienceof almost
rction, and drowning.Phobicanxietyis ...6... from other forms of anxietyonly DISTINGUISH
citions that in that it occursspecificallyin relationto a certainobjector situation.
rct or react Thisanxietyis characterizedbyphysiologicalsymptomssuchasrapid,
...7... heartleat,stomachdisorders,nausea,diarrhea,frequenturi- POUND
ganization, nation,chokirigfeelings,flushing,perspiration,..'8.'. and faintness. TREMULOUS
theoretical Somephobic peopleare able to confront their fears.More ".9..', COMMON
rd believed however, theyavoidthe situationthat causes the fear- an . '. 10.'. that AVOID
rson is not impairsthe sufferer's freedom.... I1... recognizethreemajortypesof PSYCHIATRY
rinfluential phobias.Simplephobiasarefearsof specificobjectsor situationssuch
by thinkers asanigrals,closedspaces, and . .. 12... . The secondtype,agoraphobia, HIGH
n learning. is fear of open,public placesand situations(suchas ...13... public CROWD
. If . . . 1 0 . . . , vehiclesand shoppingcentres)from which escaPe is difficult; agora-
phobicstend ...14... to avoid more situationsuntil eventuallythey INCREASE
age,infants become...15.... Socialphobias,the third type,arefearsof appearing HOUSE
stupidor ...16...in socialsituations. The simplephobias,especially SHAME
nditions of
thefearof animals,maybegin in infancy andpersistinto . . . 17.'. . Agora- ADULT
b be at least
phobia...18...beginsin lateadolescence which socialphobiais also CHARACTER
s of. . . 1 3 . . .
associated with. Althoughagoraphobia moreoftenseenin .'.19.'. TREAT
is
nPPensto a
thanthe other typesof phobia,it is not believedto be ascommonas
pens.Many
simplephobia.Takentogether,the phobiasarebelievedto afflict 5 to
L Theseare
l0 personsin 100.Agoraphobiaandsimplephobiaaremorecommon
rntal event. DISTRIBUTE
rrith womenthan men;the ...20...for socialphobiais not known.
ing another,

r Exercise19
15 nouns have been removed from the excerpt below; all of them derive from the
verbsgiven on the list. Find their right position in the textzabandon,bankrupt,confide,
define,depend,diagnosis, employ,expect, frustrate,imprison,judge,perfect,rely,submit,vary.
Personality disordersrefersto disordersin which one'spersonalityresultsin personal
distressor significantlyimpairssocialor work functioning.Everypersonhasa personality,
 PalueJaP'g
pa1;r1snfdl1ercurL
luauelr)xe ur 8urpe1 pue,fueurpro'9
pap.re8ar'paraplsuor'g
uorleunu.ralePpue sseuuJlJ .7
der* aleraporu Jo rulef, e ur Sultr,eqaq;oftrpnb aqt .€
sacuanbasuolarlt lnoqe Sur.rerro Sur4uyqllnoqlllr Eugte '7
arno] "6
rl-r|o] s ur 8uurr8 tnoqllm ernpua ol 'I
Lnrol ._ :tuluuaur olaq xel aql uI sprotr puIC .V
^
usac 9
qrtlt .s 0z osl)rax3r
qH ol
)--ilas"r
JIasJo asuas
wrd € Jaqlo pue ,uorlelrlnur-
ro ateurr-;1asalqelsun ue a^eq ol pual,(aq1 's1cee^rlf,nJlsap-Jlos
I ool- : -JJas'sarnlsa8 ppnrns q8norqt Luusrp pue "'g1"' ':a8uu rlJq] ssardxaosle /eur daql
n_rV : JasIJ)ro(eur sesualqord JouIIu aruatradxadeu daql 'sraqlo Lq "'VI" ' paurteurr Jo I€aJ
Dfi. S:Ll pro^e ol slJoJJeJqu€U aleru daql 'sraqlo qll1v\dlqsuoqelar ur dpeprrlred .dlqrqelsur
errrog I X?uono{uaasuelul aruat.radxaJaPJosIpd}{euosrad aurTJepJoq r{}l^r aldoad 'sdrqsuorlular
JeuosradpelreJpue'"'€I"'8nrp'usrloqolp'"'Zl"''luaurdoldruaJossol,'..II...drnfur
I turu.5;mr Tleap lualor^ pue arnleuard ro3 4srr q8rq ]e arBreprosrp slql qll^\ eldoed 'sr{ludoqrdsd
!lnd:- rc sqledolros'pallef,sarunauos aru daq;'aldoad rar{}o ilpl ua^rra deru d"ql' ...0I...
Up{ju;;169
4al{l }loldxa pue 'uorpllqJ rlal{t esnqero 1ra18au'sasnodsrrar{l l?arlslur,(uurdaql 's1qtg
tlrr"F-irr@ Jerrsr(qdolur la8 pue 'dlarrrslndur 1re 'dlpaleadar ar z(eurdaqg 'uret umo rlaql roy aldoad
Puerc s,[q raqlo lloldxa Jo asn pue Mul aql )parq uago (puanbasuor 'pue aldoad reqlo Jo slqErr
E lt -,---TT,gilD
pue s8urlaagaql preSo.rslpselllpuosrad pnosrluv 'raprosrpdlrpuosrad aurpaproq pue
amx:e,:- n raprosrpdlrpuos;ad lerf,osrlueaJe srapJoslp&lpuos-rad uoutuoJ lsou eql Jo olvr1
:Jlsr:'Im 'srapJosrpdlileuosrad ol se suorsnlf,uotrJraql
rEP:: :: rfuenlJur ,{eur spuorssaJordglleaq lBtuaruJo ssselqlernllns pue Ieuosrad 'puno.r8
pni::ruff ",{l
-{)eq leJntlnf, pue 'rfurcruqla'rapua8 Eauo uo Eurpuadap Jaqloue o} IpruJou ruaas /etu
Ps" -:r,*3 uosradauo ol luerlap sruoasleql mot,reqeqV 'sl)rpJal JepJosrpdlueuos.radJo...6.'. aql
lpc: M uoqsanbstrrlrltr'Suruoqrun;r(qtpaqun pu dqqeaquaamleqslsxe aurl reap ou esnef,ag
atc:;;rqt ' "'8"'lou lnq ssausnorluarf,suof, pue
'ta:;ry!o.
"" ' L" ' lou ]nq sseualq€eeJ8e 'aruetoue lou lnq " '9 " ' enlel aldoad lsour ,alduruxaJod
n a sEI :Sernocua pue anlel aldoadleqt suragedrnorl?qeqJo ' ' 'g' ' ' erueJlxaluasardarsJapJoslp
li lr:rrm ,bgpuosradduery dqqeaq .,(llressarausurou l?Jnllnl ol ruroJuol oq,vraldoad are rou 'luuorl
g is;tg; -rurysdp r(lpessaraulou eJesrurou lernlln, ruo{ alehap or{r* aldoad ,JalelvroH.aJnllnl
|Fq-?: seuoJo ' ' 'v' ' ' Jo sturou eql uro{ saler^ap}eql Jnol^eqaqeAIoAursraprosrp,QrlBuosJod
1';m-,;r@. 'a8ueqr JoJuorlelrloru pue atuuqr ro;
I iu:a-W paau'uorlJun;sdp3oaar8apsposradeql lnoqe "'€"'puorssa;ord s3 IIar* se arrrlralqns
U :JE I[, iurlragar ,fuu.4rq.re sr JapJosrpdlrleuosrad e Jo ' : 'z' ' ' aql luaua auos oJ 'lersJeloJluof,
qa;- m ir reprosrpilrTeuosrade Jo "'I "' aql 4psnf suralqordesoq] qrrr{1vr 1elurod rr;pads aq1
DJllrIl
-qrpuosrad rlaql uro{ lpsar lel{l suralqord pue saqprgJlp auos }sual}B acuauadxaaldoad
f,- isow 's.laqlo o1 3ur1e1a;pue Suneqaq 'tur1ea; '8ur4u1ql;o ,(em )rlsrJe]f,?rer{f,e ,sr }eql

SADNA'I'IVH:)
 IV. SENSE,A,ND
SENSIBILITY

hers.Most Courage(alsoreferredto as bravery,will, int'repidity,and loyalty) is the ability to

rrsonality. confrontfear,pain,risk/danger, uncertainty,or intirnidation.Physicalcourageis courage
disorderis in the faceof physicalpain,hardship,or threatof death,while moralcourageis the ability
;reflecting to act rightly in the face of popular opposition,shame,scandal,or discouragement.
tion, need Briefly,courageis the mentaland moral strengthto venture,persevere, and withstand
danger,fear,or difficulty.
1...of one's Aristotleconsideredit a virtue whosevice of deficiencyis cowardiceand its vice of
ly dysfunc- excess is recklessness.
RomanCatholicismrankedit asone of the four cardinalvirtues
personality' alongwith prudence,justiceand temperance. Both Catholicismand Anglicanismhold
encourage. it as one of the sevengifts of the Holy Spirit. Hinduism placesit first togetherwith
not . . . 7 . . . , patienceon the list of the ten fundamentalcharacteristics, followed by forgiveness,
tolerance,honesty,physicalrestraint,cleanliness, perceptiveness,
knowledge,truthfulness,
csquestion and control of anger.Islamic beliefs also presentcourageas a key factor in facing the
oneperson Devil and so doesJihadto a certainextent.Virtuouspaganheroismidentifiescourage
urral back- rr"ithtrustingin your own strength.
y influence It standsto reasonthat, by opposition,cowardice,in generalterms,is the failureto
demonstratesufficient robustness in the faceof a challenging
situation.Thetermdescribes
ty disorder a personalityirait which is typicallyviewedas a negativecharacteristic. Cowardsare
belingsand usuallyseento haveavoidedor refusedto engagein a confrontationor strugglewhich
gloit other hasbeendeemedgood or righteousby the wider culturein which they live. On a more
rto physical mundanelevel,the labelmay be appliedto thosewho areregardedastoo frightenedor
rploit their overwhelmed to defendtheir rights or thoseof othersfrom aggressors in their lives.
ciopathsor To put it in a nutshell,they saythat courageis not the absence of fear,but ratherthe
olentdeatlr- rudgmentthat somethingelseis more importantthan fear,and that'sall thereis to it.
Hpersond
e emotiond B. Do the following statementsagreewith the views expressedin the extract above?
rts to avoid YESiNO/NOT GIVEN
najorcrises l. A courageous man will dareto go somewheredangerousor unpleasant.
Stures,seh- 2. Too much or unnecessary couragemay turn dangerousitself.
df-imagea 3. Prudent and temperafeare synonyms.
4. Self-controldoesnot belongto thebody of basicpositivecharacteristics
according
to Hinduism.
5. Myths placecourageaboveall the other humantraits.
6. Definitionsof humantraits dependon the culturepeoplelive in.
7. Cowardiceis more of a manifestationof weakness ratherthan a disabilitv.
8. Cowardiceis the expression of selfishness.
9. Courageexcludesfear.
Nsns 'f
iIIo] ;
uol

D PPO NN.

D.lerB r

qrI (ue;qrgUHry)'sn ueamlaq

'02
rH 4l ol suees raueru er{lJo qtnrl aql 'r(loqn;1as raqlo du qty* pea.r8elelau a^BqI
FI (puourtunrq tuellll6) 'aAEIs E
nl s lou saJepoqm aq pue :looJe sl louu€r oqm aq :1o8rqu s! uoseeJlou ilI1vloqm eH '6I
rc (au8le1uo141
tu rp laqllry) 'aternor enrl sI senlrll IIeJolsaPnordpue 'sno;aua8lsour'lsatuorlsaqI '8I
\I (e1ueq)
rs nlaruIIe Jo slleaq aql arlJ uo les arteg 7sryeds aql er€ oseql - afue^V 'lrrug 'epu6 '41
ru (uqsng uqo{) 'arenor(oqm nod 1a1il.I PUP'a111no,( lsqm etu IIaI '9I
rc (xor111ralaar.{M u1g) 'spaauplro r pesel{l IIBsI puDIturaq;o ile aqt tsnl '9I
tJ (arerog) 'sseuperu Jarrqe sr ra8uy '71
h[, IuosaqrlnHsnueg) 'sueerulsaqaql r(qspuelseq aqlyo Eurns-rnd aql salouaP uoPsIM '€I
tl ! (t'1arrasoo6'C ulplu?rC)llaslt reeJsI r€eJol elur{e/'rtulqt r(1uoaql 'ZI
EI (saue{urel11114) 'st
m tlear aq su ueru qJeapue 'urn{ seasuosradJaqloaql seueru q)€e Jlasulq saasaq
m fe ueruqlea srareqJ 'luaserdaldoadxts dlpar ar€aleq] laarualdoado U ralauall\\ 'I I
(aruergeloluuv)'slua^a
T rmtnJ urglraf,uneql ruo.r;Eurqilue sreeJrou sadoqreq}lauoqm}uePnrdst ueuraql '0I
lf, (uotltryuqo{)'uaruag
'6
Y Io IIaH B 'lleH Jo ualeeH ? a{€ru uef, /JIaslIuI PuE'ere1du..vrosll ur sI Purur eqJ
"l$Elld
(lsnold larreyq)'pulur
tr.
rtillr|rim[ :ql Jo sramodaql sdolartep leql;au8 st 1r1nq ,(poqeI{1roJ lelflJeuaqsr ssaurddell'g
(ue1plurn[) 'an1rr.rr;oJaq]PJal{l aq Iuur lt lnq 'atIAe sI uolllquv '1,
ry q l (11assng uqo{ prol) 'uopslm s.uauile PuelIM s,uutueuo st qralord y '9
Txil (urpluerguruiefuag)'Surluemsr Surqlr(rarra'Suquem sI esuesaJaI{\ 'g
|e4l r (aryngpunutpg)
itrsounr sr punu uetunqaql ul Jalolsrp aMr.{lrq^ruollotuelsaldurrspue lsru aq;, ,v
'sarlqenbsrr{Jo slf,aJep aql sequerud:alg ' e
'pMorJ B ur lsol eJellrls sraqlo
puE 'p/vroJf,€ lnoqllllr lsol eJesJaqlo 'spuauJ o/vuJo auo qlrm dddeq are aldoad etuos 'z
'8ur,reqquo,l sl tBqM ueql raqler Suraqqlrom r(1parst ]uq^r uo alerlueJuo3 'I

rol s)ldol
rolpup Fu1>leeds
Fu111.r;q

SSDNA'I'IVH3
 219
KEY TO EXERCISES

Exercise23 | -savoury;2- essential;3 - starvation;5-valuable;6- living;

- Preservative;4
I*r

7 - presence;8 - pressure;9 - component;10 - consumPtion; 11 - intake;12 - well-being;

Er&-
Er5. 13 - hardens;14 - traditional;15 - certainly'
provide:4 - wasbelieved;5 - was
m- Exercise24 L - is becoming;2 - be protected;3 - do not
inherited;6- hassho*n;7 - haveadded;8- haveestimated;9 - feel;10- closing;ll - will
oc. help;12-hasproved;13-weretold;14-carried;15-functioning'
l; - Exercise25 A. L - d;2 -g; 3 - a;4 - e;5- c; 6 - f'
B. 1-failing;2-wariant;3-eddy;4-probe;5-pinpoint;6*recess;7-forestall;8-
gflfra".,n-"rp.ll; l0-sleuth;ll-stroke;12-faulty; 13-outpatient;14-ream;15-graft'
E

4-
lV. Senseand SensibilitY
-dubious;3 - naive;4- reactionary;5-witty;6 - neglectful;7-
1
Exercise2 I - scrupulous;2
Elc.:
aggressive;8 - amoral;9- selfish;l0 - affectionate; 11- astute;12 - intrusive;13 - unstable;
14 - responsive; 15 - imPudent'
g - f; l0 - o; 11 - e; 12 - i; 13 - n;
Exercise3 I - j; 2 - m; 3 - g; 4- b; 5 - l; 6 - a;7 - k; 8 - c;
6-
ryai,
14-d;15-h.
Exercise7 A. I- dishonourable;2 - energetic;3 - envious;4- tactful;5- anxious;6-cautious;
7 - merciless;p - troublesome;9- imaginative;l0 - shameful;ll - willing; 12- methodical;
1,1-
13 - mischievods;ta - contemPtuous; 15 - reasonable; 16 - gracious;17 - thoughtless;18 -
19* tyrannical;20-ardent;21- impractical;22 - horrible;23- proud;24- inattentive;
zealous;
- - peaceable;30 - reliant;
25 - intemperate;26-motherly;27- dutiful;28 immatute;29
- Immodest;34 - sympathetic;35 - enthusiastic:36 -
3l - revengeful;32-Adventurous;33
led; meritorious;37 - worthy; 38 - irresponsible; 39 - authoritarian;40- treacherous'
- humble;7 -
t2- B. 1 - changeable; 2 - inventive;3 - unreliable;4 -deceitful; 5 - hesitant;6
ll - flippant; 12 - observant;
aOoU.At.rr,i8- assertive;9- corruptible;l0 - quarrelsome;
15 - knowledgeable; 16 - trustworthy; 17 - supportive;
v- 13- persuasive; 14 - irreproachable;
18_learned;19-self-contained;20-dependable;21-unpredictab|e;22_pretentious;23_
27 - talkative;28 - distracted;
unrepentant;24 - disrup tive;25 - satisfied;26 - easy-going;
8-
29 - outstanding;30 - awestruck'
;5-
-wisdom;3 - idleness;4-inconstancy;5 -sobriety;6- friendliness;
ExerciseS1- meanness;2
ll - docility; t2 - patience;13 -
rlh-: 7 - decency;8- sensitivity;9- loneliness;l0 - passivity;
- Pedantry;18 - oblivion; 19 -
fairness;14 - ignorance;15 - inactivity; 16 - creativity;17
ambitiousness;20 - Perseverance;21 - objectivity;22- prudence;23- impartiality;24-
- discretion;29 - generosity;
aptness;25 - obstinacy;26 - Tolerance;27 - severity;28
30 - cowardice.
ExercisegI -physical;2-prove;3-connected;4-divide;5-tend;6-on;7-general;8-
15 - take'
mood;9 - either;10 - into; 1l - type; 12 - far;13 - both; 14 - suffer;
iog; l0 1-belief;2-mysterious;3 -confidence;6-connection;
-characteristics;4-facial;5
Exercise
7 - systematic;8 - accurately;9 - convincing;10 - identical'
[Ie; -despite;6- in;7-expense;8-
Exercisell A. I - stock;2-rather;3 -yourself;4-less;5
val; must;9 - alone;10 - just.
B. 1-accomplish;2-reason;3-practice;4-clutter;5-deadlines;6-narrowly;7-precisely;
lon; g-rush; 9-calm;10-sentences;11-listener;12-unless;13-bear;14-against;15-
relieve.
r- g
.N _
I' g 6.r _ 8 jN _ l:cN _ 9 jN _ s:DN _ lI _ jDN _
dtolre;srles* 0Z rpassassod l € z:L_I / asrrraxg
_ II _ Ot :Burpueruap_ 91 l,(emu_
- 9I :ol.,' - tI :e^','rns- lI :preaol _ 9I :pazrurluts
I EA O 91 :Surrep- 71 :papregar'-I;.,qr;ri
:ssor-l:aJnlels-g:3ur/'rd- - or :rnor^erlaq_ 6 :ol _
trrrexfl s:Ja^elvror{-?lJeJnJru'd-E'tr"u".,- z:uoq^^- 8
I gasIJJaxrJ
-s I :paralsraar
- €r:peraqunu
_zr:sguraq
_ €'rrotulr.d
rr _
l-g -1lparJdde- 9:Bu11ug-g lpa{se-7r'ura^ou4- o,,?r.lr"i:,r"1#lrtHfiJl
Ilrraxg g:palepdrunl _
Tr'urruo:B_I sasluaxff
!q^r - 0z:saurr
aqrqrp{grreru
_6r:.4{el
,"^ prof_
lf?f - 9I :puotu€Jplntr puotuelp- gI 8r :lq',1aur11;i:?t:ii:rT::::,fl#il1
:suruedlsnlag ol _
€'s aqt le padtun(- zt:uruarts aql ,I :{ooq aql,{q oB _ et :,firungoddo
tsup8e **: _ 11 f/uq j" rrrrj
-IZ e uo^{ a eI{ - 6 lraqlo qrea purcBe daa4o1 _ 0I :punor
.I I y;o sn deydo1 _ g :a,i ;;; "q1 _
are spJe3aql - 9 jurof,aruesaql ; eq.- LllsuruEe pe{rels
ur 4:Eq rurq,(ed_ i,a, _r*,
!ilaxa aqrol ra' o1- g :a'en'uereu?saqlryads- :paurerls ,
z raqler
""ro,lJ;X;ir1tir1 ,trrt:rr*:.,
['r A - srjsuouruns - zr:/1'uua1 - rr juoqruil,,
- L:101d- g:af,usrsrsar o]'1,",1;31,r:;:J;1ffi;J,t-T,i:,"ri,T
-,g:dorp --7:urelureu - leJuelua.
E - 7,,ror1"rodror- I Zaslf,raxrJ
b1 .uorluradooc_
0Z luorssardrul_ Ot :uorlf,rpeJluof,_ gI :sluaul[uruo] _
trDXT :suorldecrad - !1 larnssard- 91 :suonr",r,ro,- 41
71 :uorsensrad _ gI juorpruur _
FrrrI - I I :uorluf,unsn(- 0I :of,ueJJnf,uoJ j,blurroJuor zrraf,u'rsrss'
- 6 - g juone.,,nse- / :uorrsJrsrurupe_
:uorrue^relul-,gldrqsuot'Ial g
q - t:uorl€JIUJV- g juorl'ulurrrrsrp
- z 1uo11el103au_ I I eslJrexiJ
rDxa
rlrrx euoH rno . lal)os
cf
n
.N _
tF 6 :CN _ 8.,\ _ L:L_ g:cN _ jN _l:N _ g _
s !I z.,\ _ I,B
[l
'8
:p'*aa! - s:ssau'nqot- vjarueradrua*i:31",:ili'j:
_: ,i111T|ilr;T*:;:,.,
Era 'uorlurlsn{ - :luauuopuuqe jaf,uapuadap
sI
- 11 :saaz(o1dua -_- 7I
_ 61 :,firJrqerlar
- 91 :,b1dnn1u
eq - zrlluaruuosrrdtur
t€ _ g :sseue^rr
6':ursruorlrayrad
lrxa
-e*rueue^-sjsuon'rradxa'_u,*"_spni-_-e,""pll,u:;:?:,,:%:;i?Ttt_:r:r*,
2
L I'ii-TiLl;,:j"f f[::T:1?"'];iil'r;:illl]:fi
TI.T:I':'",':q;:*-lif fj
Lrrfl
- e:Buruosu",,,n
-", rssalpunor'
_ i,,innrill,llT'ilj,;llit:'?",1r,ri.."y;1;;gg,
q
I'IT
isarq'ue^
- zrirf,eralu,
- rr :papr'^rar
- 0r
I
1$x_ i]?i:::1;
-9:azrseqdua_g:,{lrJrqelrrpard_7:arpapun_€:anbrun ll.i::i:llj:r,',llx;,:j
I _i:paur.erfurl_
I lIaslf,rexiJ
EIT I - I iq - t:p - g :{ - 9 :e _ V b_ g lB_ :q _
Z t nr rrirrr*g
UIT ' 9 t , ' € . € ' g z , € . z , rz , L .l,ogI I, g , v , z
5 :h€
: 'i:|"lr',"?'"'lo!^:,:::1,"i'il:.::'l:'.u''""2'":o'"iJ:n"4':;;'*;l;Y
t
rx - 6:aJou/ssal
_ 8:ol tl :::l* - rI :suaraq - or:rraa
)
;f;ll lhrtl;-ll#:
_ L:urotJ_
h-T _ e,i11"nin:;;;;:,,li.r"':";ir"yi;:j[:)("
s,1",( ^/aFI"r
qI 'q8no:ql'lleJlalq
.qlpvr.1soru.e^rssaf,xa,turgrn,
'se'/es'pexera'u.uor{s'Bursnro;,/il;J',;;ffi;ur; .4r",
ffir;:J'fff,'i:TlJn]il
sssrf,uaxa
oEix