PMP 450 Technical Training - Q3-2019 - v1.2
PMP 450 Technical Training - Q3-2019 - v1.2
PMP 450 Technical Training - Q3-2019 - v1.2
Training
Agenda
❑ Solution Overview
❑ Planning
❑ Installation
❑ Configuration
❑ Optimization
• This document is proprietary and confidential information of Cambium Networks, Inc. (“Cambium”), and is licensed to
and intended to be used solely for internal, personal, use by the individual to whom this document was sold (“you” or
“Student”). ©2019 Cambium Networks, Inc.
• These materials are licensed to the Student on a personal, non-assignable, non-transferable, non-exclusive basis to,
and intended to be used by you solely for your internal, personal, use, with no right to copy, reproduce, replicate, or
distribute, either physically or electronically, any part hereof. No part of these materials may be reproduced or
distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written
permission of Cambium. You agree not to remove from these materials any of Cambium’s proprietary and/or copyright
notice(s).
• The information presented in these materials are for general information and training purposes only, and are updated
by Cambium on a regular basis. However, the information contained herein is provided by Cambium on an "as is" and
"as available" basis, and Cambium makes no (and has not authorized any other party to make on its behalf any)
representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about these materials or any information contained
herein being accurate, complete, reliable, suitable, current, or error-free, or that you will pass any certification exam as
a result of your use of these materials. Any reliance you place on these materials is therefore strictly at your sole
risk. In no event will Cambium be liable for any loss or damage including without limitation, indirect or consequential
loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever arising out of, or in connection with, the use of, reference to or
reliance on these materials.
Operators are always fighting for: In rural areas where the cost of Need the ability to increase average
• Clean frequencies trenching cables is not an option, it revenue per user (ARPU) by adding
• Usable Spectrum leaves remote areas with poor or additional service options such as
• Low Interference nonexistent Internet connections. voice and video without the need to
Operators need connectivity beyond continuously upgrading devices
the reach of wired or fiber networks.
450m 5 GHz 3 GHz 450i 450i PMP 450 900 AP 900 SM con Yagi 450b 450b 450i 450i 450 SM 450 SM con
450i Connectorizado AP Sector Mid-gain High Gain Integrad Connectorizado Integrado Plato Reflector
o
Puntos de Acceso - AP Modulos Suscriptores
450m cnMedusa 450i 450 450b 450i 450
Bandas de Frecuencias 3 GHz, 5 GHz 900 MHz, 3 GHz, 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 3 GHz*, 5 GHz 3 GHz, 5 GHz 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz
Tamaño de Canal 5|7|10|15|20|30|40 MHz 5|7|10|15|20|30|40 MHz 5|10|15|20|30|40 MHz 5|7|10|15|20|30|40 MHz 5|7|10|15|20|30|40 MHz 5|7|10|15|20|30|40 MHz
Capa Física 14 x 14 MU-MIMO / OFDM 2 x 2 MIMO / OFDM 2 x 2 MIMO / OFDM 2 x 2 MIMO / OFDM 2 x 2 MIMO / OFDM 2 x 2 MIMO / OFDM
Desempeño 1.2 Gbps+ 300+ Mbps 200+ Mbps 300+ Mbps 300+ Mbps 100+ Mbps
Métodos de Alimentación 56V PoE 56V PoE 30V PoE 30V PoE 56V PoE 30V PoE
Cambium Propietario 802.3af Cambium Propietario Estandar PoE Cambium Propietario Estandar PoE 802.3af Cambium Propietario Estandar PoE
Pinouts Pinouts Pinouts
Consumo de Energía 85 W Max, 70 W Typical 25 W Max, 15 W Typical 15 W max, 12 W typical 12 W max, 9 W typical 25 W max, 15 W typical 12 W max, 9 W typical
Potencia Máxima Transmision +42 dBm EIRP +44 dBm EIRP +22 dBm Tx Power +44 dBm EIRP (mid-gain) +50 dBm EIRP +22 dBm Tx Power
+27 dBm Tx Power +51 dBm EIRP (High gain) +27 dBm Tx Power
90°/120° Sector 90°/120° Sector: 17 dBi Connectorized or 17 dBi: Mid-Gain 23 dBi (5 GHz) 9 dBi: Integrated (2.4 GHz)
external 60° 24 dBi: High Gain (5 GHz) 19 dBi (3 GHz)
Antena Connectorized or Sector Antenna 19 dBi: High Gain (3 GHz)* Integrated Flat Panel Connectorized or
external 60° Sector external 12 dBi Yagi
Antenna (900 MHz) (900 MHz)
PMP 450 Portfolio Overview 01112018 2018 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
450 Platform Family Interfaces
PMP 450m Series – AP PMP/PTP 450i – AP/SM/BH PMP 450b Mid-Gain – SM PMP 450b High Gain – SM
https://www.cambiumnetworks.com/products/pmp-distribution/
Hundreds of Networks
Better Utilizing Spectrum
https://www.cambiumnetworks.com/resource/mu-mimo-solution-paper/
2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
System Components: PMP Radio
• Power status
• Presence and status of Sync
• Data activity and speed
• cnMaestro operates a
hierarchical display.
• Use Networks and Towers
to organize your system.
• Click to focus on
problematic devices
• See the status of all your
devices in a single view
• All from your single
Cambium account
30
2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Typical Deployments: Roof| GPS Receiver Wall
31
2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Applications
All radio signals weaken (attenuate) as they travel through the air (propagate).
FSPL (dB) = 4 2
Positive Value 10 log10 df
c
Simplified to FSPL (dB) =
Positive Value 20 log10 (d ) + 20 log10 (f ) − 147.56
41
Free Space loss vs Frequency to 20Km
http://www.l-com.com/content/Wireless-Calculators.html
42
Radio Basics - Overview
Radio TX Radio RX
(Output Power) (Threshold)
43
Radio Basics – Transmit Power
• The higher the radio’s output power the better for a radio link
• Transmit power is often limited by regulations.
• The output power is usually measured in dBm or Watts.
44
Radio Basics – Transmit Power vs EIRP
45
Making the Link: Transmission Loss
• Loss occurs in any radio cable, but usually the higher the frequency, the higher
the loss.
• This RF cable should be kept as short as possible and be of a high standard,
radios with integrated Antennas have no loss.
• Is usually expressed in dB.
46
Making the Link: Antenna Gain
• Antennas have gain as they focus the radio energy into a narrow beam and
have large surface areas to receive more of the signal.
• In most cases larger antennas have higher gains and narrower beam width.
Larger antenna are harder to align, but due to there narrower beam width pick
up less noise/interference.
47
System Gain Example: PMP Using Integrated Antennas, FCC 5.8GHz, 20MHz, 2x
Antenna
(Gain)
Antenna
(Gain) Transmission
Transmission Line (Loss)
Radio Line (Loss) Radio
(Output Power) (Threshold)
Antenna
(Gain)
Antenna
(Gain) Transmission
Transmission Line (Loss)
Radio Line (Loss) Radio
(Output Power) (Threshold)
EIRP 36dBm
Tx Power 20dBm Antenna Gain 9dBm
Minimum Receive
Antenna Gain + 17dBi level -93dBi Receive threshold -84dBi
Elevation Azimuth
Point-to-Point Point-to-Multipoint
AP6 AP1
SM
AP5 AP2
AP4 M
M
AP3
AP1
AP2
AP3
AP4
AP5
AP6
UL 0–9 0–9 0 – 15
Beacon Data Data
Sched Ack Ack Cont.
Guard Time
Guard Time • For each module (AP or SM), guard time exists between the module’s transmit and receive. This guard time Allows devices to use the same
radio channel and prevents uplink and downlink transmissions from colliding/overlapping with each other.
Downlink • Beacon and Uplink Schedule slots are fixed, and are always broadcast by the AP.
• No other fixed slot allocation; if no requests for uplink, then ack slots are used for data.
• AP can transmit up to 9 acknowledgements; this is variable, based on activity and demand.
• Downlink schedule is calculated but not broadcast.
• Data slots contain fragmented user data
Data Slots • System designed for maximum efficiency
Uplink • All uplink traffic is scheduled by the AP, based on incoming requests.
• Contention slots are used for contention between SMs requesting to send packets and during the registration process if no empty uplink data
slots are available
• The minimum number of control slots to be reserved is set by the operator. This is based on the number of SM’s and/or the amount of real time
Uplink traffic
Guard Time
UL 0–9 0–9 0 – 15
Beacon Data Data
Sched Ack Ack Cont..
The scheduling program looks at all the requests and sends high priority traffic first, even to the
exclusion of low priority traffic.
UL 0–9 0–9 0 – 15
Beacon Data Data
Sched Ack Ack Cont.
Note: Enabling the High Priority channel reduces the number of channels available to the AP. With this feature
enabled on all SMs, an AP can support 119 SMs, instead of 238 SMs.
CDMA TDMA
CDMA is short for Code-Division Multiple Access, a TDMA is short for Time Division Multiple Access, a
digital cellular technology that uses spread- technology for delivering digital wireless service
spectrum techniques. CDMA does not assign a using time-division multiplexing (TDM). TDMA
specific frequency for each user placing or receiving technology divides a radio frequency into time slots
a call. Individual conversations are encoded with a and then allocates these time slots to multiple calls.
pseudo-random digital sequence scheme. In this way, a single frequency can support multiple,
simultaneous data channels.
Symmetric Asymmetric
Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) are an
important concept in how information is sent and received.
If you think of information traveling on a highway, TDD is a one lane road where
traffic can only go one car at a time. FDD allows for information to travel both
ways on the road simultaneously.
62
Modulation: OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
Generally speaking, the faster the data rate the more powerful signal needs to
be at the receiver to be decoded.
63
Planning: Site Deploymnet
Allows you to model “what if” Will offer quick help in determining Support wireless operators
scenarios – based on geography, the expected performance in terms throughout the network life-cycle,
distance, antenna height, transmit of distances of a PMP Series system from initial design to densification
power, and other factors – to operating in line-of-sight (LOS) and optimization. Planning tools,
optimize system performance before propagation condition according to such as Atoll, offers unique
purchase. the configuration of several system capabilities of using both predictions
parameters like channel bandwidth and live network data throughout
and antenna selection. the network planning and
optimization process.
http://www.cambiumnetworks.com/products/planning-tools
Frequency Reuse
Frequency reuse is the process of using the same radio frequencies on radio transmitter sites within a
geographic area that are separated by sufficient distance to cause minimal interference with each other.
A
C B A B C D
B C
A
B A D C
Symbol Frequency
A 5.740 GHz
B 5.760 GHz
C 5.780 GHz
• Use a Spectrum Analyzer to sweep the proposed coverage area to determine existing RF
activity.
• Cambium APs and SMs can be used as spectrum analyzers.
• Operators can perform a remote SM Spectrum analysis from the AP.
• Full spectrum scanning with zooming in/out to view power information on a specific frequency.
• Conduct spectrum analysis at several different times of day for a more complete picture of the
RF environment.
• 20MHz Channel
• Expected Customers: up to 60 per AP
• Customers all within a 20 mile Range
• Downlink: As close to 60% as possible
• Use PMP450/450 Co-locate spreadsheet to
determine what new settings are possible
78
2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Typical Deployments: Roof| GPS Receiver Wall
79
2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Preparation: Inventory Checklist
After the equipment is unpacked, Cambium recommends that units be pre-configured ‘on the
bench’ before being deployed.
Power Up Verify LED Connect Ethernet Port
Connect the 450 series unit to the On the 450 series radio the On the PC, configure the Ethernet
PoE power supply and a suitable PC. diagnostic LEDs report the port for a static IP address using the
information about the status of the 169.254.X.X range. Enter a subnet
❑ Connect an Ethernet cable from the PC to device. mask of 255.255.0.0. Leave the
the ‘data’ port on the PoE supply
default gateway blank.
❑ Connect another Ethernet cable from the ❑ Check that the Power LED is always lit after
PoE supply ‘data and power’ port to the 450 20 seconds of power on ❑ Using a web browser, navigate to factory
radio default web address 169.254.1.1 and log-in.
❑ Link is established and activity is
❑ Plug the PoE supply power cord into a transmitting ❑ Enter Username and Password and click
power outlet and switch on Login. (factory default login and password is
❑ Ethernet Link is established
admin/admin)
❑ Check that the power LED on the PoE
supply illuminates
LEDs provide different status of radio
based on the operating modes.
83 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Preparation: Preparing the Units
To test the devices, you need to complete the basic device configurations.
Region and Country Frequency Band Carrier and Bandwidth Power Control
Click on the General tab Log into the device and Go Log into the device and Go Navigate back to the Power
and scroll down to the to the Radio tab. to the Radio tab. Control menu via the
Region Settings: Radio tab.
❑ From the Radio Configuration ❑ From the Radio Configuration
menu, select the required menu, select an appropriate ❑ Check that the EIRP or Tx is set
❑ Check that the region code
frequency band and press Save carrier and bandwidth. to the correct value for the
matches the region where the
Changes and Reboot. Alternate carriers may need to country in which the radio is
unit is to be deployed. If it is
be selected for 5.4GHz and deployed.
not, select the correct region.
5.7Ghz bands for the EU
Do not proceed further unless the
❑ Click in the Country box, to versions of the radio and for
EIRP or Tx is set within the national
select the country where the DFS bands.
regulations. If you are configuring a
unit will be deployed or if not
❑ Press Save Changes and connectorized unit, additional
listed select ‘Other’.
Reboot. steps may be required.
❑ Press the Save Changes and
then Reboot.
Tower Installation
• AP must be lower than the top of the
tower or its lightning air terminal.
• Tower or mast must be correctly
grounded.
• A grounding kit must be installed at the
first point of contact between the drop
cable and the tower, near the top.
• A grounding kit must be installed at the
bottom of the tower, near the vertical to
horizontal transition point. This grounding
kit must be bonded to the tower or tower
ground bus bar (TGB), if installed.
Wall Installation
• The equipment must be lower than the top
of the building or its lightning air terminal.
• The building must be correctly grounded.
✓ All bends must have a minimum radius of 203 mm (8 in) and a minimum angle of 90°. A diagonal run is
preferable to a bend, even though it does not follow the contour or run parallel to the supporting
structure.
✓ All bends, curves and connections must be routed towards the grounding electrode system, ground
rod, or ground bar.
✓ Approved bonding techniques must be used for the connection of dissimilar metals.
SM Alignment
• Alignment Tool on SM Tools page
• Monitor the power level (dBm) values after SM
registers
• Used for longer distance links when SM has not
registered
• Alignment Tone
• This requires a special cable and headphones, or
audio amplifier with speaker. (The PMP 450b
includes an available audio jack that works with
headphones)
• cnArcher
• Mobile app that can configure and properly align
PMP subscriber modules.
1. Point the SM in the direction of the AP. (PMP 450: beam width is 55 x 55 degrees)
2. The SM cycles through a series of steps to register to an AP: scanning, syncing, registering, and
registered. Power level and jitter will not report on the web page until the unit is registered.
3. Use the SM’s Tool> Alignment Tool page to monitor link quality, SNR and power level. Wait for a
refresh after moving the module.
4. After the module has registered, slowly adjust the positioning of the SM so that jitter is minimized and
power levels are at best settings possible. Lock down the module when finished.
5. After alignment, perform a link test to check the efficiency of the link.
https://www.webnots.com/how-to-change-network-settings-in-windows-10/
Quick Start
Default Settings
• 169.254.1.1 for all PMP 450 units
• Usernames: root and admin
• Passwords: none
• AP transmitter is turned off
❑ General Parameters
❑ LAN Network Interface Configuration
❑ Custom Frequencies
❑ Radio Configuration
❑ General Parameters
❑ LAN Network Interface Configuration
❑ Bridge Mode
❑ NAT Mode
❑ Custom Frequencies
❑ Radio Configuration
The Sync Input parameter has three options that can be configured under Sync
Setting tab of Configure > General.
119
SM IP Address Handling - NAT Mode
Data
LAN 1 – B.B.B.1
AP
WAN IP
192.168.101.1
Remote Management IP
CPE
B.B.B.12
SM CPE
192.168.101.x ` B.B.B.11
CPE
` B.B.B.10
120
Example 1: IP Addressing, No NAT
CPE
A.A.A.21
CPE
A.A.A.22
`
DHCP Server
A.A.A.2 CPE
` A.A.A.23
Switch
121
Example 2: IP Addressing, with NAT (1 of 2)
• Computer connected to the SM starts a connection
using its non-Internet-routable IP address
• This non-routable IP address is translated by the SM
into an Internet-routable IP address (NAT)
Switch
122
Example 2: IP Addressing, with NAT (2 of 2)
LAN 1: B.B.B.1
CPE
B.B.B.10
DHCP Server
A.A.A.2 CPE
` B.B.B.12
Switch
123
Example 3: IP Addressing, with NAT, DMZ
LAN 1: B.B.B.1
CPE
B.B.B.10
Switch
124
Protocols Supported with NAT
125
Protocol & Port Filtering
• Operators can filter (block) specific protocols and ports for upstream or downstream RF Interface for both
IPv4 and IPv6 and Upstream or Downsteam data.
• Protocol and port filtering can be set on AP or SMs
• On SM with NAT enabled, the operator can • Filter specific packet types and/or three
filter three user-specified ports. user-specified ports
• The PPPoE protocol encapsulates PPP frames • Allow all protocols except those specified
inside Ethernet frames, providing operators • Block all protocols except those specified
with the benefits of PPP at Ethernet speeds.
When PPPoe is enabled, the SM will register • operators can block PPPoE, any
to the AP then immediately attempt to combination of the IPv4 protocols listed,
connect to the PPPoE server. or ARP.
• The default encryption setting for 450 Platform Family ODU is "None".
• MIB-based security management uses standard • Client and server-based access control and
SNMPv3 MIBs to configure the user-based authentication protocol that restricts
security model and the view-based access control unauthorized clients from connecting to a LAN
model that allows a network operator to take through publicly accessible ports
advantage of built-in security management • Until the client is authenticated, 802.1X access
capabilities of existing network managers. control allows only Extensible Authentication
Protocol over LAN (EAPoL) traffic through the port
• Web-based security management allows an to which the client is connected. After
operator to configure users, security levels, authentication is successful, normal traffic can
privacy and authentication protocols, and pass through the port.
passphrases using the 450 Platform Family web-
based management interface
AP Authentication Modes:
If no authentication is enabled any SM will connect to the AP and pass traffic. While this is generally thought of as
bad practice, additional security may be in place (e.g. requiring PPPoE to authenticate).
135
Security – Registration Process
SM AP
1, 2: Scanning
3 Beacon
4. Syncing
SM searches for an AP to connect to, it scans all the configured frequencies and Bandwidth
• Last known AP: the SM stores the information (frequency, channel BW) of the last AP it
connected to. If the SM reboots, it looks for the saved AP first
• Follow me: if the AP switches frequency and/or channel BW, it first sends a
message to all SMs with the new operational parameters
When the SM starts scanning, it first tries the parameters indicated by the AP
• At the SM, the Tools → AP Evaluation tab • At the AP, the Tools → Sessions tab
shows the Last Known AP offers the option to send a message to
all SMs to forget the last known AP and
start a full scan
Distributed
Message-bus
Distributed
Database
Multi-Tenancy
• Create Network
• Create Towers
• Onboard Devices
• Use the online help and follow the instructions to onboard your PMP 450
devices: https://cnmaestro-help.cloud.cambiumnetworks.com/2.2.1/index.htm
The integrated spectrum analyzer can be very useful as a tool for troubleshooting and RF
planning, but is not intended to replicate the accuracy and programmability of a high-end
spectrum analyzer, which sometime can be used for other purposes.