Publication: TIA-603-D Date: June 2009

Title: Land Mobile FM or PM Communications Equipment Measurement and Performance Standards

Abstract:

This standard provides definition, methods of measurement, and performance standards for radio
equipment used in the Private (Dispatch) Land Mobile Services that employ Frequency Modulation (FM)
or Phase Modulation (PM) for the transmission of voice or data. The standard is applicable to
equipment operating at a frequency of 1 GHz or less.

Table of Contents:

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Scope 1
1.2 Object 1
1.2.1 Required Performance Standards 2
1.2.2 Performance Standards 2
1.3 Standard Definitions 2
1.3.1 Definitions of Physical Values 2
1.3.2 Common Definitions 2
1.3.2.1 Standard Continuous Duty Cycle for Mobile and Base Equipment 2
1.3.2.2 Standard Intermittent Duty Cycle for Mobile and Base Equipment 3
1.3.2.3 Standard Duty Cycle for Portable Equipment 3
1.3.3 Definitions for Receivers 3
1.3.3.1 Input Signal Level for Testing Receivers With Suitable Antenna
Terminals 3
1.3.3.2 Standard Input Signal 4
1.3.3.3 Standard Input Signal Level 4
1.3.3.4 Standard Input Signal Frequency 4
1.3.3.5 Standard Modulation of an Input Signal 4
1.3.3.6 De emphasis 4
1.3.3.7 Squelch Condition 4
1.3.3.8 User Accessible Squelch 5
1.3.3.9 Rated Audio Frequency Output Power 5
1.3.3.10 Audio Frequency Output Load 5
1.3.3.11 Signal to Noise Ratio (SINAD) 5
1.3.3.12 Standard Signal to Noise Ratio (SINAD) 6
1.3.4 Definitions for Transmitters 6
1.3.4.1 Standard Transmitter Load 6
1.3.4.2 Standard Test Modulation 6
1.3.4.3 Pre-emphasis 6
1.3.4.4 Rated System Deviations, Authorized Bandwidths and Test
Bandwidths 7
1.3.5 Definitions for Subaudible Signaling 8
1.3.5.1 Subaudible Signaling Systems 8
1.3.5.2 CTCSS Code Frequencies 9
 1.3.5.3 Standard CTCSS Modulation 9
1.3.5.4 CTCSS Reverse Burst 10
1.3.5.5 CDCSS Data Rate 10
1.3.5.6 CDCSS Audio Turn Off Code 10
1.3.5.7 CDCSS Code Words 10
1.3.5.8 Standard CDCSS Modulation 12
1.3.5.9 CDCSS Modulation Sense 13
1.3.6 Definitions for Environmental Testing 13
1.3.6.1 Degradation From Standard (DFS) 13
1.4 Standard Test Conditions 13
1.4.1 Basic Equipment Under Test 13
1.4.2 Associated Equipment 13
1.4.3 Special Function Subsystems 14
1.4.4 Standard Conditions for the Power Supply 14
1.4.4.1 General 14
1.4.4.2 Default Standard Test Voltages for Battery Chemistry Types 14
1.4.4.3 Standard Test Voltage for Equipment Powered by Integral
Batteries 15
1.4.4.4 Standard Test Voltage for Equipment Powered by External
Batteries 15
1.4.4.5 Other Power Sources 16
1.4.4.6 Standard AC Voltage and Frequency 16
1.4.5 Standard Atmospheric Conditions 17
1.5 Characteristics of Test Equipment 17
1.5.1 Distortion, SINAD, and Audio Frequency Level Meter 17
1.5.2 RF Signal Generators 18
1.5.3 Digital Multimeter 19
1.5.4 RF Power Meter 19
1.5.5 Spectrum Analyzer 19
1.5.6 Audio Spectrum Analyzer 20
1.5.7 Test Receiver 20
1.5.8 Adjacent Channel Power Measuring Receiver 22
1.5.9 Audio Frequency Load 25
1.5.10 RF Counter 25
1.5.11 Oscilloscope 25
1.5.12 RF Attenuator 26
1.5.13 Audio Frequency Signal Generator 26
1.5.14 Sound Level Meter 26
1.5.15 RF Detector 26
1.5.16 Directional Coupler 27
1.5.17 50 Ohm Termination 27
1.5.18 TX Key Control 27
1.5.19 RF Switch 27
1.5.20 Dummy Microphone 28
1.5.21 RF Combining Network 28
1.5.22 Impulse Generator 28
1.5.23 CTCSS/CDCSS Signal Generator 29
1.5.24 Notch Filter 29
 1.5.25 Lumped Constant Line Stretcher (LCLS) 30
1.5.26 Constant Impedance Line Stretcher (CILS) 30
1.5.27 Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) 31
1.5.28 Variable dc Power Supply 31
1.5.29 Variable ac Power Supply 31
1.5.30 Standard Radiation Test Site (3 meter) 32
1.5.31 Standard Radiation Test Site (30 meter) 32
1.5.32 Acoustic Chamber 33
1.5.33 Adjacent Channel Power Analyzer 33
1.5.34 Modulation Domain Analyzer 34
1.5.35 Signal Preamplifier 34
1.5.36 Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic Cell (GTEM) 35
1.5.37 RF Anechoic Chamber 36

2 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT 37
2.1 Methods of Measurement for Receivers 37
2.1.1 Radiated Spurious Output Power 37
2.1.2 Conducted Spurious Output Power 40
2.1.3 Power Line Conducted Spurious Output Voltage 41
2.1.4 Reference Sensitivity 42
2.1.5 Signal Displacement Bandwidth 43
2.1.6 Adjacent Channel Rejection 44
2.1.7 Offset Channel Selectivity 45
2.1.8 Spurious Response Rejection 46
2.1.9 Intermodulation Rejection 48
2.1.10 Audio Frequency Response 49
2.1.11 Hum and Noise Ratio 50
2.1.12 Audio Distortion 51
2.1.13 Audio Squelch Sensitivity 52
2.1.14 Squelch Blocking 53
2.1.15 Receiver Attack Time 54
2.1.16 Receiver Closing Time 55
2.1.17 Audio Sensitivity 56
2.1.18 Impulse Blanking Effectiveness 57
2.1.19 Average Radiation Sensitivity 58
2.1.20 Acoustic Audio Output 59
2.1.21 Blocking Rejection 60
2.1.22 Receiver Opening Time After PTT 61
2.2 Methods of Measurement for Transmitters 63
2.2.1 Conducted Carrier Output Power Rating 63
2.2.2 Carrier Frequency Stability 64
2.2.3 Modulation Limiting 65
2.2.4 Carrier Attack Time 66
2.2.5 Audio Sensitivity 66
2.2.6 Audio Frequency Response 67
2.2.7 Audio Distortion 70
2.2.8 FM Hum and Noise Ratio 70
2.2.9 AM Hum and Noise Ratio 71
 2.2.10 Acoustic Microphone Sensitivity 72
2.2.11 Sideband Spectrum 74
2.2.12 Unwanted Emissions: Radiated Spurious 76
2.2.13 Unwanted Emissions: Conducted Spurious 82
2.2.14 Unwanted Emissions: Adjacent Channel Power Ratio 84
2.2.15 Audio Low Pass Filter Response 88
2.2.16 Intermodulation Attenuation 89
2.2.17 Radiated Power Output 90
2.2.18 Transmitter Stability into VSWR 94
2.2.19 Transient Frequency Behavior 96
2.3 Methods of Measurement for Unit Characteristics 100
2.3.1 Power Supply Voltage Range 100
2.3.2 Temperature Range 100
2.3.3 High Humidity 101
2.3.4 Vibration Stability 102
2.3.5 Shock Stability 102
2.3.6 DC Supply Noise Susceptibility 103
2.3.7 Battery Life 103
2.3.8 Dimensions 104
2.3.9 Weight 104
2.4 Methods of Measurement for Subaudible Signaling 106
2.4.1 Squelch Opening SINAD 106
2.4.2 Receiver Audio Attack Time 107
2.4.3 Receiver Audio Closing Time (with Squelch Tail Elimination disabled) 108
2.4.4 Receiver Audio Attack Time with RF Carrier Frequency Offset 109
2.4.5 Receiver Hum and Noise Ratio 110
2.4.6 CTCSS Decoder Response Bandwidth 111
2.4.7 False Response Rate 112
2.4.8 Receiver Audio Response 113
2.4.9 Squelch Tail Elimination 114
2.4.10 Transmitter Modulation Limiting 115
2.4.11 Encoder Response Time 116
2.4.12 CTCSS Encoder Frequency 117
2.4.13 CTCSS Tone Distortion 118
2.4.14 Transmitter SINAD 118
2.4.15 CDCSS Waveform Distortion 120
2.4.16 Transmitter FM Hum and Noise Ratio 121
2.4.17 Transmitter Subaudible Deviation 122
2.4.18 Transmitter Squelch Tail Elimination Burst 123

3 Standards for All Equipment 125

3.1 Standards for Receivers 126
3.1.1 Radiated Spurious Output Power (Per 47 CFR 15.109) 126
3.1.2 Conducted Spurious Output Power (Per 47 CFR 15.111) 127
3.1.3 Power Line Conducted Spurious Output Voltage (Per 47 CFR 15.107) 127
3.1.4 Reference Sensitivity 127
3.1.5 Signal Displacement Bandwidth 128
3.1.6 Adjacent Channel Rejection 128
 3.1.7 Offset Channel Selectivity 128
3.1.8 Spurious Response Rejection 129
3.1.9 Intermodulation Rejection 129
3.1.10 Audio Frequency Response 129
3.1.11 Hum and Noise Ratio 130
3.1.12 Audio Distortion 131
3.1.13 Audio Squelch Sensitivity 131
3.1.14 Squelch Blocking 132
3.1.15 Receiver Attack Time 132
3.1.16 Receiver Closing Time 132
3.1.17 Audio Sensitivity 132
3.1.18 Impulse Blanking Effectiveness 133
3.1.19 Average Radiation Sensitivity 133
3.1.20 Acoustic Audio Output 133
3.1.21 Blocking Rejection 133
3.1.22 Receiver Opening Time after PTT 134
3.2 Standards for Transmitters 135
3.2.1 Conducted Carrier Output Power Rating (FCC 90) 135
3.2.2 Carrier Frequency Stability (Per 47 CFR 90.213 and 90.539) 135
3.2.3 Modulation Limiting 136
3.2.4 Carrier Attack Time 137
3.2.5 Audio Sensitivity 137
3.2.6 Audio Frequency Response 137
3.2.7 Audio Distortion 138
3.2.8 FM Hum and Noise Ratio 139
3.2.9 AM Hum and Noise Ratio 139
3.2.10 Acoustic Microphone Sensitivity 139
3.2.11 Sideband Spectrum (Per 47CFR 90.210 and 90.691) 139
3.2.12 Undesired Emissions: Radiated Spurious 145
3.2.13 Undesired Emissions: Conducted Spurious (Per 47 CFR 90.210 and 90.691) 146
3.2.14 Undesired Emissions: Adjacent Channel Power Ratio 147
3.2.15 Audio Low Pass Filter Response 150
3.2.16 Intermodulation Attenuation 151
3.2.17 Average Radiated Power Output 152
3.2.18 Transmitter Stability into VSWR 152
3.2.19 Transient Frequency Behavior of Transmitter (Per 47 CFR 90.214). 153
3.3 Standards for Unit Characteristics 156
3.3.1 Power Supply Voltage Range 156
3.3.2 Temperature Range 159
3.3.3 High Humidity 161
3.3.4 Vibration Stability 162
3.3.5 Shock Stability 164
3.3.6 DC Supply Noise Susceptibility 165
3.3.7 Battery Life - Portables Only 166
3.3.8 Dimensions 167
3.3.9 Weight 168
3.4 Standards for Subaudible Signaling. 169
3.4.1 Squelch Opening SINAD 169
 3.4.2 Receive Audio Attack Time 170
3.4.3 Receive Audio Closing Time (with Squelch Tail Elimination disabled) 170
3.4.4 Receive Audio Attack Time with RF Carrier Frequency Offset 171
3.4.5 Receiver Hum and Noise Ratio 172
3.4.6 CTCSS Decoder Response Bandwidth 173
3.4.7 False Response Rate 173
3.4.8 Receiver Audio Response 174
3.4.9 Squelch Tail Elimination 174
3.4.10 Transmitter Modulation Limiting 175
3.4.11 Encoder Response Time 175
3.4.12 CTCSS Encoder Frequency 176
3.4.13 CTCSS Tone Distortion 176
3.4.14 Transmitter SINAD 177
3.4.15 CDCSS Waveform Distortion 177
3.4.16 Transmitter FM Hum and Noise 178
3.4.17 Transmitter Subaudible Deviation 179
3.4.18 Transmitter Squelch Tail Elimination Burst 179

4 CHANGE HISTORY 181

4.1 Chronology of revisions for TIA/EIA-603 181

A ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) - MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY 183

A.1 Introduction 183
A.2 Definitions 183
A.2.1 Accuracy 183
A.2.2 Measurand 183
A.2.3 Error 183
A.2.4 Bias and Systematic Error 184
A.2.5 Random Error 184
A.2.6 RSS Errors 184
A.2.7 Precision 184
A.2.8 Uncertainty 184
A.2.9 Confidence Limits 184
A.3 Principles for Calculating Measurement Uncertainties 185
A.3.1 General 185
A.3.2 Types of Errors 185
A.3.2.1 Random Errors 185
A.3.2.2 Bias Errors 185
A.3.3 Propagation of Errors 187
A.3.3.1 General 187
A.3.3.2 Propagation of Random Errors 188
A.3.4 Converting Power Errors Expressed in dB to Percentage 188
A.3.5 Mismatch Uncertainty and Mismatch Loss 189
A.3.6 Sensitivity of Transmitter Output to Load 190
A.3.7 Correcting rms Measurements for the Effects of rms Residuals 191
A.3.8 Correcting Peak Measurements for the Effects of Residuals 192
A.4 Bibliography 194
B ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) - EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS 195
B.1 Example Calculations for Receiver Measurements 195
B.1.1 Radiated Spurious Output Power 195
B.1.2 Conducted Spurious Output Power 195
B.1.3 Power Line Conducted Spurious Voltage 195
B.1.4 Reference Sensitivity 196
B.1.5 Signal Displacement Bandwidth 196
B.1.6 Adjacent Channel Rejection 196
B.1.7 Offset Channel Selectivity 197
B.1.8 Spurious Response Rejection 197
B.1.9 Intermodulation Rejection 197
B.1.10 Audio Frequency Response 198
B.1.11 Hum and Noise Ratio 198
B.1.12 Audio Distortion 198
B.1.13 Audio Squelch 198
B.1.14 Squelch Blocking 199
B.1.15 Receiver Attack Time 199
B.1.16 Receiver Closing Time 199
B.1.17 Audio Sensitivity 199
B.1.18 Impulse Blanking Effectiveness 200
B.1.19 Average Radiation Sensitivity 200
B.1.20 Acoustic Audio Output 200
B.1.21 Blocking Rejection 200
B.1.22 Receiver Opening Time After PTT 201
B.2 Example Calculations for Transmitter Measurements 202
B.2.1 RF Output Power 202
B.2.2 Carrier Frequency Stability 202
B.2.3 Modulation Limiting 203
B.2.4 Carrier Attack Time 203
B.2.5 Audio Sensitivity 203
B.2.6 Audio Frequency Response 203
B.2.6.1 Uncertainty sources and estimates, Method 1: 203
B.2.6.2 Uncertainty sources and estimates, Method 2: 204
B.2.7 Audio Distortion 204
B.2.8 FM Hum and Noise Ratio 204
B.2.9 AM Hum and Noise Ratio 204
B.2.10 Acoustic Microphone Sensitivity 205
B.2.11 Sideband Spectrum 205
B.2.12 Undesired Emissions: Radiated Spurious 205
B.2.13 Undesired Emissions: Conducted Spurious 206
B.2.14 Undesired Emissions: Adjacent Channel Power Ratio 206
B.2.14.1 Uncertainty sources and estimates for Method 1 (spectrum
analyzer): 206
B.2.14.2 Uncertainty sources and estimates for Method 2 (measuring
receiver): 206
B.2.15 Low Pass Filter Response 207
B.2.16 Intermodulation Attenuation 207
B.2.17 Average Radiated Power Output 208
 B.2.18 Transmitter Stability into VSWR 208
B.2.19 Transient Frequency Behavior 208

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